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The Fossil Pulmonate Snails of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, Germany)

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The Fossil Pulmonate Snails of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, Germany) Arch. Molluskenkunde | 143 | (2) | 187–202 | 41 figures | Frankfurt am Main, 22.12.2014 The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, Germany) (Hygrophila, Punctoidea and limacoids) 1, 2, * 1 RODRIGO B. SALVADOR & MICHAEL W. RASSER Abstract Sandelzhausen is an Early/Middle Miocene (Mammal Neogene zone MN5) fossil site near Mainburg, southern Germany, home to a very rich fossil record. Hundreds of fossil continental mollusks, almost exclusively pulmonates snails, were recovered during the excavations, but re- ceived scarce attention by researchers. Here is presented the third and last part of a taxonomical treatment of the fossil pulmonates from Sandelzhausen, dealing with the superfamilies Lymnae- oidea, Planorboidea, Punctoidea, Gastrodontoidea and Limacoidea. The following species were found in the material: Galba dupuyiana, Lymnaea dilatata and Radix socialis (Lymnaeidae); Fer- rissia deperdita, Gyraulus albertanus, Gyraulus dealbatus, Hippeutis sp., Planorbarius cornu and Segmentina lartetii (Planorbidae); Discus pleuradrus (Discidae); Lucilla subteres (Helicodiscidae); Janulus supracostatus (Gastrodontidae); Archaeozonites sp. (Gastrodontoidea incertae sedis: Ar- chaeozonitinae); Limax sp. (Limacidae); Vitrina sp. (Vitrinidae). Key words: Basommatophora, Gastropoda, MN5 European Mammal Neogene zone, Pulmo- nata, Stylommatophora. eschweizerbartxxx sng- Introduction The Sandelzhausen fossil site is one of the most im- the first parts see SALVADOR 2013b, 2014b), dealing with portant Cenozoic continental sites in Europe (MOSER the superfamilies Lymnaeoidea, Planorboidea, Punc- et al. 2009a) and its rich record includes hundreds of toidea, Gastrodontoidea and Limacoidea. For the non- gastropods. Still, only two works dealt specifically with pulmonate snails and bivalves see SALVADOR (2013a). the mollusks: GALL (1972), who identified 49 gastropods and two bivalves in the material recovered, but based Geological Setting his work heavily on younger faunas; and MOSER et al. (2009b), who dealt with paleoecological questions. Here Sandelzhausen fossil site was located in the vicinities is presented the third and last part of the taxonomic treat- of the city of Mainburg, 60 Km north of Munich, in the ment of the pulmonate snails from Sandelzhausen (for Molasse Basin (Molassebecken) of southern Germany, Authors’ addresses: 1 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Museum am Löwentor und Schloss Rosenstein, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. 2 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany). * Corresponding author: [email protected] © E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller), 2014, ISSN 1869–0963 DOI 10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/187-202 188 SALVADOR, R. B. & RASSER, M. W: The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen which harbors the stratigraphical group known as Upper the layers or completely lack stratigraphical data (includ- Freshwater Molasse (Ober Süßwassermolasse, OSM; ing the samples labeled as “Grube Bergmaier”; for more MOSER et al. 2009a). The fossils from Sandelzhausen information on these, refer to SALVADOR 2013b). As such, belong to a member of the OSM called Nördlicher Volls- only the samples that can correctly be attributed to layers chotter, composed primarily of marl and gravel (MOSER et are used here to determine the species’ stratigraphical al. 2009a). The age of these deposits was established by range. Specimens in a good state of preservation were stratigraphic, biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic measured either with a digital caliper or with the aid of correlations: the Middle Miocene Burdigalian/Langhian computer software. Selected specimens were examined boundary (~16.47–16.27 Ma; MOSER et al. 2009a), within by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the Staatli- the early middle MN5 European Mammal Neogene zone. ches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS; Stutt- The division of the deposits of Sandelzhausen into gart, Germany). The following abbreviations for shell facies was established by FAHLBUSCH & GALL (1970), measurements are used throughout the text: H = shell receiving further refinement by MOSER et al. (2009a): height; D = shell greatest width; h = aperture height; d = Layer A: marly gravels, sometimes cemented by carbon- aperture width. ates; fossil content rare and limited to robust skeletal As explained above, the mollusks from Sandelzhaus- parts; Layer B: gravel-rich marl, in which size and num- en received scarce attention and only two works attempt- ber of pebbles diminish upwards, with intercalated sand ed to identify the specimens: GALL (1972) and MOSER horizons; origin of most macrovertebrate fossils; Layer et al. (2009b). Here the identification offered in these C: fossil rich marl; divided in three smaller layers (C1, works is given in order to facilitate the correlation of C2 and C3) by a black, organic rich layer (C2); Layer the material for future workers. We have refrained from D: marl (mainly silt) with few pebbles and diffuse car- presenting these former identifications in the synonymy bonates and carbonatic nodules; rich in fossils, many in to avoid confusion; they are listed in a separate section excellent preservation state due to a less intense compac- under each species. tion; Layer E: silty clays with microvertebrate fossils; Unfortunately, the specimens identified by MOSER et Layer F: laminite with alternating light and dark bands, al. (2009b: Nr. 46 and 47) as, respectively, ?Discidae carbonate concretions and desiccation cracks; no fossils. (fam., gen. et sp. indet.) and ?Endodontidae sp. nov. Fossil mollusks can be found from layer A to D. For a (fam. et gen. indet.), could not be found among the mate- more throughout description of the lithology of the site, rial. Either these specimens could be missing or, more please refer to MOSER et al. (2009a). likely, they could simply not be properly labeled and thus were identified differently here. Moreover, the sin- Material and methods eschweizerbartxxx sng- gle specimen (BSPG 1959 II 16148) identified as Zoni- toides silvanus (WENZ) by GALL (1972: Nr. 6) and as The material from Sandelzhausen is housed at the ?Endodontidae gen. nov. by MOSER et al. (2009b: Nr. collection of the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläon- 48, fig 6F) is now just fragments and cannot be properly tologie und Geologie (BSPG; Munich, Germany) under identified. MOSER et al. (2009b) suggested the species the record number BSPG 1959 II. The list of all exam- identification of GALL (1972) was correct, but that a new ined material can be found in Appendix 1. A portion of genus should be created to house it in the family Endo- the material states the layer to which it belongs, but the dontidae. Regrettably, this matter cannot be presently remaining either cannot be unmistakably attributed to addressed. Systematics Hygrophila 2000 Galba (Galba) dupuyiana – FISCHER: 135 (fig. 4). 2006 Galba dupuyana [sic] – KÓKAY: 50 (pl. 16, figs. 14– Superfamily Lymnaeoidea 16). Family Lymnaeidae 2009 Galba dupuyiana – BÖTTCHER et al.: 239 (figs. 2/1–2). Genus Galba SCHRANK 1803 Stratigraphic occurrence: Layers B (unde- termined; 7 spcm.), B2 (>200 spcm.), C (undetermined; Galba dupuyiana (NOULET 1854) 6 spcm.), C1 (11 spcm.), C2 (3 spcm.), C3 (>300) and Figs 1–7 D1 (>1200 spcm.). Moreover, 82 specimens come from 1845 Limnea Dupuyiana NOULET: 108. excavation sites for which no profile is available, but, 1874 Limneus Dupuyianus – SANDBERGER: 543 (pl. 28, fig. based on their height in the sediment and their preser- 27; wrong number and captions in original work). vation, they are likely from Layers C (20 spcm.), C1 1923 Radix (Radix) dupuyana [sic] – WENZ: 1242. (9 spcm.), C3 (8 spcm.), D1 (4 spcm.), either B or C SALVADOR, R. B. & RASSER, M. W: The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen 189 (38 spcm.), and either C3 or D1 (7 spcm.). Finally, a 2000 Lymnaea dilatata – FISCHER: 136 (figs. 1–2) large amount of specimens come from the Grube Berg- 2005 Lymnaea dilatata – KOWALKE & REICHENBACHER: 630 maier site (>350 spcm.) or completely lack locality data (figs. 9.4–95.). (>1200 spcm.). Stratigraphic occurrence: Layers B (unde- D e s c r i p t i o n : Shell small, lymnaeiform; shell termined; 37 spcm.), B1 (21 spcm.), B2 (6 spcm., C (un- width ~1/2 shell height. Protoconch (~1 whorl) rounded, determined; 4 spcm.), C1 (4 spcm.), C2 (2 spcm.), and smooth; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch D1 (34 spcm.). Moreover, ~150 specimens come from smooth, except for well-marked growth lines. Suture excavation sites for which no profile is available, but, deep, well-marked. Whorls profile convex. Aperture based on the height in the sediment and the preservation, oval, narrow, elongated; ~2/3 shell height. Peristome it is possible to infer the origin of some: they are likely simple, almost completely covering umbilicus. Umbili- from Layers B (1 spcm.), C3 (2 spcm.), D1 (8 spcm.), cus rimate. either B2 or C1 (10 spcm.), either B or C (24 spcm.), M e a s u r e m e n t s (in mm): 4–4½ whorls; H = 5.0– and either C3 or D1 (>80 spcm.). Finally, two specimens 7.0; D = 2.5–3.5; h = 3.0–4.5; d = 1.5–2.5. come from the Grube Bergmaier sample and five come Previous identification of the material: from sites completely lacking locality data. GALL (1972: in part, Nr. 33–36): respectively, Lymnaea D e s c r i p t i o n : Shell large, lymnaeiform; spire turrita (KLEIN), Lymnaea turrita (KLEIN), Radix (Ra- acuminated, proportionately small; shell width ~1/2 shell
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