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Armenian Presidential ELECTION Sept. 1996
104th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 2nd Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Armenian Presidential election September 22, 1996 A Report Prepared by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (OSCE) The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki process, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. Since then, its membership has expanded to 55, reflecting the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. (The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, has been suspended since 1992, leaving the number of countries fully participating at 54.) As of January 1, 1995, the formal name of the Helsinki process was changed to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The OSCE is engaged in standard setting in fields including military security, economic and envi- ronmental cooperation, and human rights and humanitarian concerns. In addition, it undertakes a variety of preventive diplomacy initiatives designed to prevent, manage and resolve conflict within and among the participating States. The OSCE has its main office in Vienna, Austria, where weekly meetings of permanent represen- tatives are held. In addition, specialized seminars and meetings are convened in various locations and periodic consultations among Senior Officials, Ministers and Heads of State or Government are held. ABOUT THE COMMISSION (CSCE) The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the Helsinki Commission, is a U.S. -
Senang in Jakarta Azië-Correspondent Step Vaessen
MEDIA Toen ze acht jaar geleden begon als correspondent in Jakarta, was het nog vrij rustig in haar werkgebied. Maar de conflicten, bomaanslagen en natuurrampen rijgen zich de laatste jaren aaneen. Journaalcorrespondent Step Vaessen (40): “Ondanks die onrust is het hier als thuis gaan voelen.” Senang in Jakarta Zelfs tegen middernacht is het boven op het dak Azië-correspondent Step Vaessen Zvan de Deutsche Bank in hartje Jakarta nog broeie- rig warm. Azië-correspondent Step Vaessen staat op een gevaarlijk wankele koffer om goed in beeld te komen voor de kijkers van het achtuurjournaal. Diep beneden haar raast het nog altijd drukke ver- keer van een van de snelst groeiende steden van de wereld. Het mozaïek van bewegende lichtjes vormt het levendige decor van het kruisgesprek dat ze gaat voeren met Sacha de Boer over de kwestie West-Papoea. Aan Vaessen de taak om in een paar minuten deze ingewikkelde ver-van-ons-bedshow Guntur Primagotama/IMAJI uit de doeken te doen. Er is slechts ruimte voor drie vragen en drie heldere antwoorden. foto’s De afgelopen dagen is ze druk doende geweest het onderwerp rond te krijgen. Een gesprek met de Indonesische minister van Buitenlandse Zaken heeft Stef Verhoeven ze al eerder deze week opgenomen omdat de minis- tekst ter vandaag in het buitenland zit, daarna volgde een 86 01 2006 01 2006 87 MEDIA oriënterend gesprek met vertegenwoordigers van de er de verwoestende aardbeving in Pakistan. Soms onafhankelijkheidsbeweging, een geïmproviseerde bel ik mijn moeder in Simpelveld als ik terug ben persconferentie en veelvuldig nachtelijk overleg van een reis. -
The Ukrainian Weekly, 2015
INSIDE: Experts analyze efforts of Ukraine’s new prosecutor – page 3 Congressional delegation meets with Poroshenko – page 4 Special section: Ukrainian Debutante Balls – pages 9-11 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXIII No. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 22, 2015 $2.00 Senate Foreign Relations Committee Ukraine’s minister of fi nance visits hears testimony on Ukraine policy D.C. to seek assistance for Ukraine Appearing on the first panel were Victoria Nuland, assistant secretary of state Frustration mounts for European and Eurasian affairs; Vice as Obama declines Admiral Frank Pandolfe, director for strate- gic plans and policy for the Joint Staff to provide lethal aid Pentagon; Brian P. McKeon, principal depu- ty undersecretary of defense for policy; and Ukrainian National Information Service Ramin Toloui, assistant secretary of trea- sury for international finance. WASHINGTON – The chairman of the Despite arguing that Ukraine figures Senate Foreign Relations Committee prominently in U.S. strategy in Europe and (SFRC), Sen. Bob Corker (R-Tenn.), called recounting the ways in which the U.S. is into session two panels to hear testimony offering economic support to Ukraine, the on President Barack Obama’s policy toward panelists did not say the U.S. is prepared to Ukraine to repel Russian aggression and offer Ukraine military assistance. It was push reform. Word of the president’s state- clear that the administration’s objective is ment in diplomatic channels in February to affect Russian behavior by diplomatic that his administration will not offer mili- means, which includes imposing sanctions tary assistance to Ukraine was the back- that will hurt Russia economically. -
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 4, 2002
Georgia Page 1 of 19 Georgia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 4, 2002 The 1995 Constitution provides for an executive branch that reports to the President and a legislature. The President appoints ministers with the consent of Parliament. In April 2000, Eduard Shevardnadze was reelected to a second 5-year term as President in an election marred by numerous serious irregularities. International observers strongly criticized the election, citing interference by state authorities in the electoral process, deficient election legislation, insufficient representative election administration, and unreliable voter registers. The country's second parliamentary elections under the 1995 Constitution were held in 1999 and were characterized by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as a step toward Georgia's compliance with OSCE commitments. The civil war and separatist wars that followed the 1992 coup ended central government authority in Abkhazia and Ossetia, and weakened central authority in the autonomous region of Ajara and elsewhere in the country. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, the judiciary is subject to executive pressure. Internal conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia remained unresolved. Ceasefires were in effect in both areas, although sporadic incidents of violence occurred in Abkhazia. These conflicts and the problems associated with roughly 270,000 internally displaced persons (IDP's) from Abkhazia, 60,000 from South Ossetia, and another 4,000-5,000 refugees from Chechnya, posed a continued threat to national stability. In 1993 Abkhaz separatists won control of Abkhazia, and most ethnic Georgians were expelled from or fled the region. -
Dia a Dia Sara Masó I Carme Tejeiro
DIA A DIA SARA MASÓ I CARME TEJEIRO NOVEMBRE 2001 solidaritat amb els Estats Units amb motiu dels Admira. Els responsables del grup assenyalen 2 DE NOVEMBRE terribles atemptats que ha sofert. Tampoc que "s'estudia la possibilitat d'entrar en suposa que modifiquem la nostra condició l'accionariat de la plataforma de televisió EL CAC ESPERA UNA BONA LLEI d'enemics expressos i frontals dels terroristes, digital Quiero» L'entrada a Quiero podria ser un PER A LA CCRTV de tots els terroristes, i del règim talibà que primer pas per a una unió entre Via Digital i El de president del Consell de l'Audiovisual protegeix Bin Laden." I conclou: "però no Canal Satélite Digital. Catalunya, Francesc Codina, manifesta no sen¬ podem acceptar que la lògica actuació contra tir-se preocupat pel retard que afecta aquest adversari es faci amb bombardeigs que POLÈMICA JUDICIAL PER UNA l'aprovació de la nova Llei de la Corporació afecten una població civil no responsable de INDEMNITZACIÓ A PREYSLER Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió (CCRTV) sempre les decisions del fonamentalisme que ha Una denúncia d'Isabel Preysler contra la revista que el resultat final ofereixi "un bon projecte" i conquistat el poder en el país." Lecturas ha causat polèmica entre el Tribunal la normativa aprovada "sigui bona". La Comissió Suprem i el Constitucional. Un article de la revis¬ Parlamentària per a la reforma de l'esmentada KABUL ALLIBERA EL PERIODISTA ta havia publicat que Preysler tenia "grans a la llei no s'ha reunit des d'abans de l'estiu. DE PARIS MATCH cara". -
Monde.20011122.Pdf
EN ÎLE-DE-FRANCE a Dans « aden » : tout le cinéma et une sélection de sorties Demandez notre supplément www.lemonde.fr 57e ANNÉE – Nº 17674 – 7,90 F - 1,20 EURO FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE -- JEUDI 22 NOVEMBRE 2001 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Afghanistan : les débats de l’après-guerre b Quels étaient les buts de la guerre, quel rôle pour les humanitaires ? b « Le Monde » donne la parole à des intellectuels et à des ONG b Conférence à Berlin sur l’avenir de l’Afghanistan, sous l’égide de l’ONU b Le reportage de notre envoyée spéciale en territoire taliban SOMMAIRE formation d’un gouvernement pluriethnique. Les islamistes étran- BRUNO BOUDJELAL/VU b Guerre éclair, doute persistant : gers de Kunduz encerclée risquent Dans un cahier spécial de huit d’être massacrés. Kaboul retrouve a REPORTAGE pages, Le Monde donne la parole à le goût des petites libertés, mais un spécialiste du droit d’ingéren- une manifestation de femmes a ce, Mario Bettati, et à deux person- été interdite. Notre envoyée spé- Une petite ville nalités de l’humanitaire, Rony ciale en territoire taliban, Françoi- Brauman et Sylvie Brunel. Ils disent se Chipaux, a rencontré des popula- leur gêne ou leur inquiétude tions déplacées qui redoutent l’Al- POINTS DE VUE en Algérie devant le rôle que les Etats-Unis liance du Nord. p. 2 et 3 font jouer aux ONG. Des intellec- L’ÉCRIVAIN François Maspero tuels français, Robert Redeker, b La coalition et l’humanitaire : Le Cahier a passé le mois d’août dans une Jean Clair, Daniel Bensaïd et Willy Pentagone compte sur l’Alliance petite ville de la côte algéroise. -
Journalistic Professionalism in Contemporary Russia
Global Professionalism - Local Professional Identities: Journalistic Professionalism in Contemporary Russia Marija Lobanova This paper explores the interpretation and adaptation of journalistic professionalism in Russia. By analysing professionalism(s) thought journalists own articulation of their practices, it discusses myths, versions of cultural contexts and legitimations of journalists’ social position and social trust-building. Furthermore, it challenges the idea of a ‘global model of professionalism’, by illuminating historical traditions and philosophical patterns, which influenced the development of journalism as a professional practice. When writing this paper I was not even two years into my PhD and have just started my field-research. Since then, I have developed a more focussed approach to my study, a more theoretically underpinned methodology and a more buttress system of argumentation. Nonetheless, I sill hold on to the main idea of this paper –local differences matter. Key words: journalism, professional identities, global practices, Russia 34 Journalistic professionalism is becoming universalised in terms of standardisation of professional ethos as well as the formation of supranational journalistic communities. A predominantly Anglo- American professional value system has been translated into a cross-nationally accepted nodal point of guidance, codex and professional discourse. However professional identities are formed within national contexts, being influenced by local cultures and myths, political ideologies and legislations. -
The Myth of Red Messiah, Deconstructed Nationalism And
Vilnius Academy of Arts Photography and media arts department Giorgi Papalashvili’s MA degree theoretical work: The myth of red messiah, Deconstructed nationalism and story telling Author of the work: Giorgi Papalashvili Supervisor of the work: Laima Kreivyte Reviewer: Auridas Gajauskas Vilnius, 2014 1 Summary A Georgian monk Ioane Zosime in his 10th century poem predicted, that on the second coming of the Messiah he will judge the world in Georgian language. It has become the future telling of the Georgian nation. The interlacement of political power and religion in the stories being told in this crossroad between Asia and Europe is the reason why by now Georgian Orthodox Church and Stalinism adore each other. In my work “Red Messiah” I investigate this phenomenon and construct a storytelling situation based on chance, various object and events from Georgia. 2 Contents Introduction 4 Red messiah 6 Caucasian Clay Circle 19 Barbare Rafaliantsi case 24 Where your heart beats 28 Conclusion 34 Bibliography 35 3 Introduction In the end of 20th century globally one of the most important appearances was the collapse of Soviet Union, which is seen as the mirror and culmination of fast social changes. In 1991 Enton Giddens wrote: “today we live in an epoch which characterizes with huge social changes that is radically different from the changes of previous epochs”. The changes were sudden and fast for the nations of Eastern Europe. One day they woke up not in huge communist union but in capitalist world. For some of the countries this move was so shocking that they still can’t decline the hidden communist mentality but on the same time living as independent democratic states. -
Afghanistan Page 1 of 23
Afghanistan Page 1 of 23 Afghanistan Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 4, 2002 Afghanistan has experienced civil war and political instability for 22 years. There was no functioning central government, until December 22, 2001 when the Afghan Interim Administration (AIA) took office. During most of the year, the Taliban, a Pashtun-dominated ultra-conservative Islamic movement, controlled approximately 90 percent of the country, including the capital of Kabul, and all major urban areas, except Faizabad. In 1997 the Taliban issued an edict renaming the country the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, and named its leader, Mullah Omar, Head of State and Commander of the Faithful, granting him ultimate authority. Omar headed the inner Shura (Council), located in the southern city of Kandahar. The Taliban's power structure reportedly narrowed during the year, and its principal consultative bodies, the Shuras, reportedly no longer functioned. Until October 7, a rival regime, the Islamic State of Afghanistan (generally known as the Northern Alliance or United Front), which nominally was headed by former Afghanistan President Burhanuddin Rabbani, an ethnic Tajik, controlled about 10 percent of the country. Rabbani and his chief military commander, Ahmed Shah Masood, for most of the year, controlled the majority Tajik areas in the country's extreme northeast. The Rabbani regime controlled most of the country's embassies and retained Afghanistan's U.N. seat after the U.N. General Assembly again deferred a decision on Afghanistan's credentials. A number of provincial administrations maintained limited functions, but civil institutions were rudimentary. -
936„ E 937„ Seduta Pubblica
SENATO DELLA REPUBBLICA XIII LEGISLATURA MartedõÁ 24 Ottobre 2000 936ã e 937ã Seduta Pubblica ORDINE DEL GIORNO alle ore 11 Seguito della discussione dei disegni di legge: Norme per l'istituzione del servizio militare professionale (Approvato dalla Camera dei deputati). (4672) BERTONI ed altri. ± Riduzione a dieci mesi del servizio militare di leva. (48) DE CAROLIS ed altri. ± Norme concernenti la riorganizza- zione delle forze armate della Repubblica su base professionale e volontaria e l'istituzione del servizio nazionale civile. (1290) UCCHIELLI ed altri. ± Norme sul servizio di leva e sulla sua durata. (1465) MANCA ed altri. ± Riordino delle Forze armate della Repubblica su base professionale e volontaria. (2336) MANFREDI. ± Destinazione dei militari di leva a prestare il servizio militare nel Corpo forestale dello Stato. (2972) TIPOGRAFIA DEL SENATO (1700) ±2± FLORINO ed altri. ± Disposizioni in materia di termini e di utilizzo, durante il servizio di leva, dei soggetti residenti in Campania o in altre regioni. (3790) RUSSO SPENA ed altri. ± Norme sulla riforma della leva obbligatoria, sull'istituzione del Ministero della protezione civile e del Dipartimento della difesa popolare nonvio- lenta. (3816) MAZZUCA POGGIOLINI. ± Modifiche alla legge 31 maggio 1975, n. 191, recante nuove norme per il servizio di leva. (3818) DE LUCA Athos. ± Norme a tutela dei cittadini durante lo svolgimento degli obblighi di leva e istituzione del difensore civico nazionale militare. (4199) MANFREDI ed altri. ± Istituzione della Guardia nazio- nale. (4250) MANZI ed altri. ± Misure urgenti per la riforma e la riqualificazione del servizio militare di leva obbliga- toria. (4274) BATTAFARANO. ± Disposizioni in materia di servizio sostitutivo di leva. -
Law, Force, and the Russia Media
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 1-1-1995 Law, Force, and the Russia Media Monroe Price University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Price, M. (1995). Law, Force, and the Russia Media. Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal, 13 (3), 795-846. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/118 NOTE: At the time of publication, author Monroe Price was affiliated witheshiv Y a University. Currently, he is a faculty member of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/118 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Law, Force, and the Russia Media Abstract Looking at the development of mass media law in post-Soviet Russia is like examining the wrists of a recently freed prisoner where the marks of the chains are still present. The very claims for freedom and the guarantees of change bespeak past injustices and old allocations of power. In the short period that has transpired, issues of law in the defining of communication have already had a dramatic cycle: the rule of law has been followed by the assertion of military force and bloodshed, and force, in its turn, has been followed again by a clumsy reaffirmation of law. Television has been an arena for bitter struggle, political and armed. In this context, the evolution of rules for the organization and governance of the press has reflected changes in political and economic powers in a society seeking definition and stability. -
Chechen Terrorism: a Historical-Sociological Analysis
DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE POLITICHE Cattedra di Sociologia dei Fenomeni Politici ABSTRACT Chechen Terrorism: a historical-sociological analysis RELATORE CANDIDATO Professor Alessandro Orsini Sofia Cecinini Matr. 067872 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2013-2014 Abstract The objective of this study is the reconstruction of the causes and the actors which characterized both the conflicts between Russia and Chechnya that took place in 1994 and then in 1999, in order to analyze the phenomenon of the Chechen terrorism and the motivations that lead those individuals to martyrdom. The first chapter of this work, entitled “The story of the Russian-Chechen conflict, since its start till today”, focuses on the origins and motives of the contrast between those two nations. In order to understand the historical and sociological dynamic that lies under these events, we need to make an analysis of the relations between the Chechen population and Russia. The very first moment in which Russia started to be interested in Chechnya was in the XVI century. Before going on with this investigation, we must have in mind the exact geographical position of Chechnya, which is located in North Caucasus. It is an autonomous Republic of the Russian Federation, and it borders at North with Dagestan, which occupy entirely also the eastern border; at South it borders with Georgia and finally the its West side borders with Inguscetia and, for a short space, also with the North Ossetia. The capital of Chechnya is the city of Groznyj, situated in the middle of the region and beside the Sunza river. The history of Chechnya can be defined as an “eternal return”, because issues, characters, wars and peaces always seem to repeat after a certain period of time.