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Reacting Metals with Acids E2 Core

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Reacting Metals with Acids E2 Core Activity Reacting metals with acids E2 Core Aim To find out how metals react with acids. Equipment six test tubes and rack wooden splints dilute hydrochloric acid Bunsen burner dilute sulphuric acid heatproof mat pieces of magnesium, zinc and copper foil burning splint dilute acid metal Wear eye protection. Take care not to get acid on your skin or clothes. What to do 1 Draw a table like the one on the next sheet ready to record your results. 2 Pour about 2 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid into a test tube in a rack. 3 Add a small piece of magnesium to the acid in the test tube. Immediately put your finger or thumb over the end of the test tube. 4 After about one minute, bring a lighted splint to the end of the test tube as you take your finger or thumb away. 5 Feel the bottom of the tube to see if it is hot. 6 Record the results in your table. 7 Repeat steps2 to6 using sulphuric acid instead of hydrochloric acid. 8 Repeat steps2 to7 using zinc instead of magnesium. You may not be able to collect enough gas to test with a lighted splint this time. 9 Repeat steps2 to7 using copper instead of magnesium. Do not carry out the test with a lighted splint this time. Continued 204 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme Activity Reacting metals with acids E2 continued Core Results Metal Acid Observations Results of test with lighted splint Questions 1 Which metals reacted with the two acids? 2 Was the same gas produced in each reaction? 3 Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. 4 Copper did not react with the acids. How do you know that a reaction did not take place? 205 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme Activity Reacting carbonates with acids E3 Core Aim To find out how metal carbonates react with acids. Equipment dilute hydrochloric acid delivery tube and bung sodium carbonate limewater copper carbonate spatula four test tubes and rack clamp stand delivery tube Wear eye protection. Take care not to get acid on your skin or clothes. dilute acid limewater metal carbonate What to do 1 Draw a table like the one below ready to record your results. 2 Pour about 2 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid into a test tube. 3 Pour some limewater into another test tube so that it is about half full. 4 Get a delivery tube ready with the delivery end in the limewater. 5 Add a spatula measure of sodium carbonate to the test tube containing hydrochloric acid. Immediately fit the delivery tube to this test tube to bubble gas through the limewater. 6 Feel the bottom of the tube containing acid and carbonate to see if it is hot. 7 Record your observations in your table. 8 Repeat steps2 to7 using a few small pieces of copper carbonate instead of sodium carbonate. Results Metal carbonate Observations in acid test Observations in limewater tube test tube Continued 206 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme Activity Reacting carbonates with acids E3 continued Core Questions 1 What observations showed you that a reaction takes place between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid? 2 Which gas was produced in both of the reactions you carried out? 3 What additional substance is produced, other than a salt and carbon dioxide, in these reactions? 4 What observation showed you that a salt was produced when copper carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid? 5 Write a word equation for the reaction of copper carbonate with hydrochloric acid. 207 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme E4 Activity Core filter funnel filter paper Wear eye protection. evaporating basin your skin or clothes. Take care not to get acid on dilute sulphuric acid boiling tube sulphuric acid and copper oxide copper oxide spatula y yy Reacting metal oxides with acids yy yy yy filtrate yy yy yy yy yy Aim yy yy To find what happens when metal oxides react with acids. yy yy yy yy Equipmentbeaker yy yy yy Bunsen burner hot water yy yy tripod and gauze yy heatproof mat yy yy yy WhatDraw to do a table like the one on the next page ready to record your 1 results. Record your observations at each stage. Set up a beaker half filled with water on a tripod and gauze. Continued 2 Heat the water to boiling using a Bunsen burner. Turn off the evaporating Bunsen burner when the water is boiling. basin Pour about 3 cm depth of dilute sulphuric acid into a boiling tube. 3 Add two spatula measures of copper oxide to the sulphuric acid. 4 Place the boiling tube in the beaker of 5 hot water for a few minutes. Every minute remove the boiling tube to shake the contents of the tube. If all of the copper oxide disappears, add another spatula measure. When no more copper oxide will 6 disappear, filter the contents of the tube, collecting the filtrate in an evaporating basin. Place the evaporating basin on the tripod 7 and gauze. Boil the filtrate until only about a third of the original volume is left. Leave your evaporating basin and remaining 8 liquid to cool. Then look at them and record the appearance of the final product. D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme C 208 Activity Reacting metal oxides with acids E4 continued Core Results Appearance of Appearance of Appearance of Appearance of acid and oxide acid and oxide filtrate final product before heating after heating Questions 1 Why were the copper oxide and sulphuric acid heated? 2 Why were the contents of the test tube filtered? 3 What was formed at the end of the experiment? 4 Write a word equation for the reaction between copper oxide and sulphuric acid. 5 Why were no bubbles seen as the copper oxide and sulphuric acid reacted? 209 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme Activity Neutralising an acid with an E5a alkali Core Aim To find out what happens when an alkali is added to an acid. Equipment For the demonstration: Wear eye protection. dilute potassium 25 cm3 pipette pH probe hydroxide solution safety pipette filler temperature sensor dilute hydrochloric 50 cm3 burette and stand data logger acid 400 cm3 beaker computer distilled water stirrer stopwatch What to do Your teacher will demonstrate this experiment. potassium 1 Draw a table like the one hydroxide below ready to record your results. solution 2 Your teacher will set up the apparatus shown in the diagram. temperature sensor 3 3 A pipette is used to measure 25 cm of pH probe acid into the beaker. About 25 cm3 of distilled water are added. 3 4 2cm of alkali are added from to data logger the burette every minute while and the mixture is stirred. computer stirrer 5 The pH of the mixture is hydrochloric monitored using a data logger. acid 6 A temperature sensor is used to follow the temperature change in the mixture. 7 Use your results to plot a graph of pH (on the vertical axis) against volume of alkali added. Your teacher may give you a graph printed from the computer. Results Volume of alkali added (cm3) pH of mixture Temperature of mixture (8C) Questions 1 Why was distilled water added to the acid in the beaker? 2 Describe what happened to the pH of the mixture during the experiment. 3 What volume of alkali exactly neutralises 25 cm3 of acid? Use your graph to find the answer. 4 Does the neutralisation reaction give out heat or take in heat? 5 What is the name of the salt produced in this reaction? 210 C D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme Activity F3a Core tripod and gauze Wear eye protection. heatproof mat your skin or clothes. tongs Take care not to get acid on y yy yy yy yy yy yy yy test tube yy beaker yy yy Bunsen burner water yy yy hydrochloric acid The reactivity series of metals and iron y yy yy Aim yy To use reactions with acids to place metals in order of reactivity. yy yy yy Equipmentsamples of calcium, iron, yy copper and zinc yy yy Use tongs. dilute hydrochloric acid yy yy 219 yy Do not touch the calcium. hot water WhatDraw to do a table like the one on the next sheet 1 ready to record your results. Set up the apparatus as shown in the 2 diagram. Continued Heat the water until it is about to boil, 3 then move the Bunsen burner to one side. Pour about 2 cm depth of hydrochloric acid 4 into a test tube. Put a piece of iron in the acid. 5 Note how quickly bubbles of hydrogen are 6 produced. Score this on a scale of 1 to 10. 8 Place the tube of acid and metal into the D Lees, 2002, The Heinemann Science Scheme C 7 beaker of hot water and note the4 time. 6 After 5 minutes of heating, note how 8 quickly bubbles of hydrogen are 4 produced. Score this on a scale of 1 to 10. Repeat steps to with zinc and 9 copper. Repeat steps to with calcium. 10 Do not use hot water with calcium. Activity The reactivity series of metals F3a continued Core Results Metal Rate of hydrogen Rate of hydrogen production in cold acid production in hot acid Questions 1 Which metal produced hydrogen most rapidly in cold and hot acid? 2 Which metal did not react in cold or hot acid? 3 List the metals in order of reactivity, from most reactive to least reactive.
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