8464 AQA Combined Science C4 Chemical Changes What’s the science story? Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organizing their results logically. Knowing about these different chemical changes meant that scientists could begin to predict exactly what new substances would be formed and use this knowledge to develop a wide range of different materials and processes. It also helped biochemists to understand the complex reactions that take place in living organisms. The extraction of important resources from the earth makes use of the way that some elements and compounds react with each other and how easily they can be ‘pulled apart’. Previous knowledge: Next steps… KS3 KS4 Year 7 – Reactions 1 and Particles C5 Energy changes Year 8 – Reactions 2 C6 The rate and extent of chemical change Year 9 – Reactions 3 C7 Organic chemistry KS4 C8 Chemical analysis C1 Atomic structure and the periodic table C2 Bonding, structure an the properties of matter Keywords Reactivity Ores Hydrogen pH scale Electrolyte Oxidised OILRIG Soluble Indicator Concentrated Reduced Ionic equation Insoluble Solution Dilute Reactivity Ion Crystallised Cation Dissociate Displacement Salt Excess Anion pH meter Electrons Metal Acid Cathode Strong acid Reduction Acid Alkali Anode Weak acid Oxidation Ions Neutral Electrolysis Extract Working scientifically skills: Assessments: WS2 Draw/interpret diagrams WS3 Make predictions Exit tickets x 2/3 (formative) WS8 Following methods Details of each exit ticket WS10 Selecting and using equipment WS11 Hazards o ET Making salts WS14 Drawing graphs o ET Electrolysis WS17 Making conclusions
8464 AQA Combined Science Lesson No. Learning objectives AQA Specification Practical equipment and Title 4 – To recall the order of DEMO: Alkali metals common metals in the Trough, Li, Na, K, white tile, reactivity series. tweezers, scalpel, filter paper, 6 – To predict reactions UI. Gloves 1. The of metals with oxygen, reactivity series water and acid. PRAC: Reactions ot metals 8 – To construct with water and acid
balanced symbol Spotting tiles, HCl 0.5M, equations, including pipettes, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu state symbols.
PRAC: Displacement 4 – To define Spotting tiles, pipettes, displacement. Metals; Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, 6 – To explain why Magnesium chloride, zinc 2. displacement reactions chloride, iron chloride, copper Displacement occur. sulphate 8 – To describe
displacement reactions Possible DEMO: Thermit using ionic equations. reaction – See techs
4 – To describe the extraction of metals using carbon. 6 – To identify the PRAC: Extract copper using species being reduced carbon 3. Extraction of and oxidised in a Copper oxide, carbon, metals reaction. crucible, pipeclay triangle, 8 – To evaluate the spatula, matches, splints extraction process to
obtain a metal from its ore. 8464 AQA Combined Science
4 – Describe oxidation and reduction in terms 4. Oxidation & of electrons. Reduction 6 – Identify the species being reduced and HIGHER TEIR oxidised in a reaction. ONLY 8 – Write ionic equations for
displacement reactions.
4 – To name salts that are formed with different acids. PRAC: Reactions or different 6 – To describe how to 5. Reactions of acids and metals make a salt using a acids with Test tubes, bungs, HCl 0.5M. metal and acid. metals H2SO4 0.5M, Mag, Zn, Fe, Cu, 8 – To write ionic and pipettes. Matches. Splints half equations to describe reactions with acids.
4 – To describe neutralization reactions between acids and 6. PRAC: Making salts bases. Neutralisation NaOH 0.4M, HCl 0.4M, H2SO4 6 – To predict products of acids and 0.4M, test tubes, UI, pipettes, from given reactants. salt production measuring cylinder (10ml) 8 – To write balanced symbol equations for a range of reactions.
8464 AQA Combined Science
4 – To describe how to PRAC: Making soluble salts make pure dry salts. Calcium carbonate chips, 6 – To write word magnesium carbonate power, equations for the 7. Soluble salts sodium carbonate powder, reactions. boiling tube with bung and 8 – To write balanced delivery tube, test tubes, lime symbol equations for a water range of reactions.
4 – To safely make a salt PRAC: Soluble salts by reacting a metal 1.0 M dilute sulfuric acid, carbonate with acid. copper (II) oxide powder 6 – To describe how to 8. REQ PRAC: Spatula, glass rod, 100 cm3 make a salt from a metal Soluble salts beaker, filter funnel and carbonate and acid. paper, conical flask, 250 cm3 8 – To describe beaker, evaporating basin, neutralisation using crystallising dish ionic equations.
PRAC: pH curve Burette, 250ml conical flask, 25ml measuring cylinder, pH 4 – To describe the pH probe, 0.1 HCl, 0.1 NaOH scale. OR 6 – To describe how DEMO: 9. universal indicator can pH probe and 25ml of each Neutralisation be used to classify a substance: and pH scale chemical. 8 – To explain how the pH of a solution changes as acid to alkali is added.
8464 AQA Combined Science
6 – To describe how an acid or alkali can be 10. Strong and concentrated or diluted. weak acids 8 – To quantitatively
explain how HIGHER TIER concentration of ONLY hydrogen ions relate to the pH number.
4 – Define the process of electrolysis 6 – To predict the 11. Electrolysis DEMO: Electrolysis of Zinc products at each of molten chloride – IN FUME electrode for molten compounds CUPBOARD ONLY – see techs compounds. 8 – Describe electrolysis using half equations.
8464 AQA Combined Science
4 – Write the word equation for the electrolysis of aluminum 12. Using oxide. electrolysis to 6 – Describe how extract metals aluminum is extracted. 8 – Write half equations for each electrode.
4 – To state the products of the electrolysis of brine. PRAC: Electrolysis of brine 6 – To describe how to 13. Electrolysis Power packs set at low electroylse brine using of aqueous voltage, U-tubes or similar, the term ions. solutions electrodes, croc-plug clips, 8 – To explain the litmus paper, brine electrolysis of brine using half equations and key words.
4 – To state the products of the electrolysis of PRAC: Electrolysis of aqueous brine. solutions 14. REQ PRAC: 6 – To describe how to Power packs set at low Electrolysis of electroylse brine using voltage, U-tubes or similar, aqueous the term ions. electrodes, croc-plug clips, solutions 8 – To explain the litmus paper, range of electrolysis of brine aqueous solutions as per using half equations and required practical guidance. key words. 8464 AQA Combined Science
15. Reactions 6 – To explain REDOX in at electrodes – terms of electrons. half equations 8 – To represent the
reactions at electrodes HIGHER TIER as half equations ONLY