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ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 1 University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy Department of Archaeology ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 1 University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy Department of Archaeology ARTEFAKTI Student Journal of Archaeology 1 Belgrade, 2017 2 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 Univerzitet u Beogradu Filozofski fakultet Odeljenje za arheologiju ARTEFAKTI časopis studenata arheologije 1 Beograd, 2017. ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 3 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 Izdavač/Publisher Univerzitet u Beogradu Filozofski Fakultet Odeljenje za arheologiju Urednik/Editor Perica Špehar Uređivački odbor/Editorial Board Sonja Bogdanović Milena Gošić Arama Monika Milosavljević Sekretar/Secretary Andjela Dedić Lektori/Language editing Lara Damjanović, Milan Dimitrijević, Marija Radivojević Prevod na engleski/Translation to English Miloš Gajić, Marijana Dimović, Teodora Jovanović, Tijana Ledenko, Tamara Lukić Grafička obrada/Graphic design Ljubica Stajić Ilustracija na koricama/Cover design Luka Drobac ISSN 2560-4554 4 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 SADRŽAJ/CONTENT Uvodna reč ..................................................................................................................6 Članci Tara Vujović, Problem funkcionalne atribucije „sadiljki“ u vinčanskoj Dimitrije Marković kulturi.....................................................................................................7 Ognjen Mladenović O primeni izotopskih analiza kalaja u arheologiji..................................19 Vladimir Crkvenjakov O etničkoj pripadnosti kneževskog groba kod Novog Pazara................31 Milan Savić O upotrebi termina махаiра...................................................................41 Stefan Novaković Vertikalna migracija u kasnoantičkom periodu na primeru utvrđenja u novopazarskoj obasti..........................................................55 Zorana Dimković Koralna ogrlica – upotreba nezaborava.................................................71 Terensko iskustvo Mina Amzirkov Arheološka iskopavanja u Iranu – lokalitet Tepe Naderi............................89 Prikaz Nada Radak, Prikaz izložbe Novo doba: Život majke i bebe u neolitu Balkana..............93 Ana Smuk Uputstvo za predaju rukopisa.................................................................................................................99 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 5 UVODNA REČ Bitan segment obrazovanja budućih arheologa predstavlja njihovo osposobljavanje za pisanje naučnih radova. Kako bi svoje studente dodatno ohrabrilo i podstaklo na naučno-istraživčki rad, Ode- ljenje za arheologiju je pokrenulo studentski elektronski časopis Artefakti. Namera je da studenti svih nivoa studiranja, putem objavljivanja radova u svom časopisu, steknu neophodna iskustva za dalju nauč- no-istraživačku delatnost, kao i da se upoznaju sa svim etapama nastanka jednog naučnog rada, od defini- sanja problema istraživanja do publikovanja dobijenih rezultata. Pored istraživačkih radova, predviđeno je da se u časopisu nađu i prilozi, koji se odnose na različite aktivnosti u kojima su studenti učestvovali (terenska istraživanja, studijski boravci, stručne ekskurzije, izrade izložbi, i dr.), kao i prikazi različitih relevantnih manifestacija (izložbe, festivali, i dr.). Budući da je reč o studentskom časopisu, za lektore i prevodioce su angažovani studenti Filološ- kog fakulteta, kojima se ovom prilikom zahvaljujemo na pruženoj pomoći. Saradnja sa njima je omogući- la da se ispune osnovni formalni preduslovi pripreme teksta za štampu, ali i da se, što je mnogo važnije, uspostavi akademska mreža budućih mladih stručnjaka iz različitih naučnih disciplina. Planirano je da časopis Artefakti izlazi jednom godišnje. Rok za predaju priloga za naredni broj, pripremljenih prema predočenim upustvima, je 01. 12. 2017. godine. Pozivamo studente da se odazovu u što većem broju. Redakcija časopisa Artefakti 6 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 PROBLEM FUNKCIONALNE ATRIBUCIJE „SADILJKI“ U VINČANSKOJ KULTURI Tara Vujović, Beograd Dimitrije Marković, Kruševac Apstrakt: Koštanu industriju vinčanske kulture odlikuje velika raznovrsnost. Najveći broj alatki izrađi- van je od kostiju, zatim od roga, a poznati su i nalazi napravljeni od kljova vepra, kao i ljuštura me- kušaca. Između ostalog, alatke izrađivane od roga mogu se grupisati u jednu celinu opredeljenu kao „poljoprivredne alatke“. Nju, pored „sadiljki“, kojima se ovaj rad bavi, čine još alatke interpretirane kao motike i pijuci. „Sadiljkama“ se nazivaju alatke napravljene od prirodno lučno povijenog paroška roga, najčešće jelena ili srndaća, kome je distalni kraj zasečen kako bi se oformio usadnik za dršku, dok je proksimalni ponekad mogao biti zaglačan. Smatra se da su se koristile za kopanje rupa u zemlji pri sadnji žitarica, ili otkopavanje krtolastog i drugog povrća. Ipak, usled nedovoljno preciznih kriterijuma, prilikom tipološkog određivanja artefakata nalik „sadiljkama“ može doći od određenih neslaganja među autorima. Cilj ovog rada je da predstavi aspekte ove problematike analizom svojevrsne studije slučaja alatki definisanih kao „sadiljke“ sa lokaliteta Vinča - Belo Brdo, otkrivenih u kampanjama 2004–2007. i 2009. godine, uz dodatni osvrt na postojeću literaturu. Key words: vinčanska kultura, koštane alatke, alatke od roga, „sadiljke“ Primljeno: 02.01.2017. Tara Vujović, Beograd Recenzirano: 22.01.2017. [email protected] Prihvaćeno: 06.02.2017. Dimitrije Marković, Kruševac [email protected] ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 7 THE ISSUE OF THE FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTION OF “DIBBERS” IN VINČA CULTURE Tara Vujović, Belgrade Dimitrije Marković, Kruševac Abstract: The bone industry of Vinča culture is characterised by large diversity of objects. The majority of tools were made of bones and horns, but those made of boar tusks and mollusc shells are also known. Tools made of horns can be classified as distinct group of objects, titled agricultural tools. Apart from dibbers, which this paper deals with, this group consists of tools interpreted as hoes and pickaxes. Di- bbers are tools made of naturally arched antler tines, mostly of deer and bucks. Their distal end is cut in order to make a pointed end for a handle, whereas the proximal one could be smoothed. Dibbers are believed to have been used for digging holes in the ground during the process of planting cereals, or for digging roots and other vegetables up. Yet, due to the criteria which are not accurate enough, some disagreement among authors may occur in the course of typological definition of artefacts similar to dibbers. The aim of this paper is to present different aspects of this issue by analysing the unique case study of the tools defined as dibbers from the type site of Vinča - Belo Brdo, found during the campaigns of 2004 through 2007. and from 2009, with an additional reference to the existing literature. Key words: Vinča culture, bone tools, tools made of horns, “dibbers” Received: 02.01.2017. Tara Vujović, Beograd R e v i e w e d : 2 2 . 0 1 . 2 0 1 7 . t a r a v u j o v i c @ g m a i l . c o m Accepted: 06.02.2017. Dimitrije Marković, Kruševac [email protected] 8 ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 Vujović, Marković - SADILJKE U VINČANSKOJ KULTURI Uvod Vinčanska kultura vezuje se za period mlađeg neolita i ranog eneolita. Prostirala se na najvećem delu centralnog Balkana (sl. 1), pri čemu se njenim jezgrom smatra prostor današnje centralne Srbije, odnosno Pomoravlje, Kosovo i veliki deo Vojvodine (Garašanin 1979). M. Garašanin je izdvojio faze Vinča – Tordoš i Vinča – Pločnik, sa gradačkom fazom između njih (Garašanin 1979). Sa druge strane, M. Milojčić (Milojcic 1949) je razvoj kulture predstavio u četiri faze, A – D, a novijim radiokarbonskim datovanjem utvrđeno je da je faza A okvirno trajala od 5400/5300. do 5200, faza B od 5200. do 5000, faza C od 5000/4950. do 4850. i faza D od 4850. do 4650/4600. godine p.n.e. (Борић 2009, 234). Sl. 1. Rasprostranjenost lokaliteta vinčanske kulture (prema: Трипковић 2013, 267). Fig. 1: Distribution the Vinca culture sites (after: Трипковић 2013, 267). ARTEFAKTI 1/2017 9 Vujović, Marković - SADILJKE U VINČANSKOJ KULTURI Ekonomija vinčanske kulture zasnivala se na zemljoradnji i stočarstvu, a dopunjavana je lovom, ribolovom i sakupljanjem sirovina (Вуковић и др. 2008). Od domaćih vrsta najzastupljenije je goveče (Bos taurus), a slede ga svinja (Sus domesticus), ovca/koza (Ovis/Capra) i pas (Canis familiaris), dok se među divljim vrstama prepoznaju jelen (Cervus elaphus), divlja svinja (Sus scrofa) i srna (Capreolus capreolus). Ostaci ptica su retki, ali su kosti riba prisutne u velikom broju, što upućuje na značaj ribolova (Dimitrijević 2006). Ovakva slika odnosa domaćih i divljih životinja uočena je i na drugim lokalitetima vinčanske kulture, između ostalih i u Vitkovu (Vitezović i Bulatović 2013), Selevcu (Russell 1990) i Divostinu (Vitezović 2013). Koštanu industriju vinčanske kulture odlikuje velika raznovrsnost (Lyneis 1988; Russell 1990; Vitezović 2009; Vitezović i Bulatović 2013). Autori koji su se bavili tipološkom analizom ovih predmeta (Srejović i Jovanović 1959; Bačkalov 1979; Perišić 1984; Russell 1990), podelili su ih na različite načine, u zavisnosti od morfoloških odlika i funkcionalnih tumačenja. Pored roga, za izradu ovih alatki koristile su se i kosti, i to duge/metapodijalne kosti i rebra srednje krupnih sisara, ali se mogu javiti i druge duge kosti i astragali. Zubi su uglavnom služili za izradu nakita, dok su jedino kljove vepra korišćene i za spravljanje alata (Vitezović i Bulatović 2013, 284–285). Rog je takođe korišćen, između ostalog i zbog svojih prirodnih karakteristika, odnosno, zbog forme koja je pogodna za ljudsku upotrebu i nije iziskivala mnogo obrade. Među vrstama čiji su rogovi korišćeni za izradu oruđa
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