LA En français SOURCE and In English Une infolettre sur la France et les pays francophones, pour les amoureux de la culture française!

Le Sénégal CE MOIS/ THIS MONTH

Par/By: Le Club de français JUIN 2017 June 2017 The French Club Edition No. 3 at ARHS ÉDITION NO. 3 OUVRAGE NO. 1 Volume 1 La Culture FESTIVALS IN 1 ÉCRIT PAR/WRITTEN BY: MARA WASKIEWICZ

In Senegal there are many different The Saint Louis International Jazz festivals, but the three I’m going to be Festival was founded in 1993. It takes focusing on are Tamkharit/Ashura, place in Saint Louis Senegal, not to be Saint Louis International Jazz Festival, confused with Saint Louis, Missouri. It has grown to be one of the most and Dak’Art Biennale. popular international jazz festivals in

the world. It is a good place for people Tamkharit is their celebration of the of different cultures, from different new year. It takes place on the tenth places, to learn about one another. It day of the Muslim year. They also call brings many tourists to Senegal each it Ashura, which means ‘tenth’ in year when it takes place, for a week in Semitic languages. It it a day to late April to early May. It features at commemorate the death of Husayn least a dozen artists. When the festival ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. took place this year it featured, Assane To celebrate, people cook a lot of food Thiam ‘tama’, Jaliba Kuyateh, Lokua and make new year's resolutions. The Kanza, Marcus Miller, and many more most popular custom is for men to talented artists. dress like women and women to dress Dak’Art Biennale uses contemporary like men. It is almost similar to our African Art to fight prejudice and halloween. Instead of receiving candy, spread art across Senegal. It takes they receive money. The celebration place in the capital of Senegal, which is is the part that is called Tamkharit. . It also helps to inspire others to create their own art. It has taken place since 1992, from the beginning of May to the beginning of June. There are many different themes that are included in each show each year. There are many types of art in the show. Saint Louis Jazz Festival (Left/ À Gauche) Interview with 2 Estelle Massi

Written By: Negar Farahbakhsh

This spring students from Cours Sainte Marie de Hann came to ARHS. I had the chance to talk to Estelle Massi (Pictured Right) about her school in Senegal and her experience in the U.S. Estelle is 16 years old and she is in 11th grade. Estelle and her classmates were chosen by the school to do the exchange program. She explained her school’s French and Senegalese program to me. Estelle is in the French program and all juniors in her program have to choose a subject to study. These Subjects are science, literature and economic science. When they choose a subject, their classes are limited to that specific subject. This system is common in France and francophone countries. Furthermore in her school they have 2 hours of P.E. per week. In addition Estelle believed schools in the U.S. have more art classes. Estelle was shocked by the food waste in our school, but she loved the diversity in ARHS. She believed students in the U.S. express themselves more than students in Senegal. She showed interest in the landscape of U.S., saying it's really different from Senegal. Overall she enjoyed her experience in the U.S. and our school and exited to see our students next year. Written By/Écrit Par: Pearl Tulay 3 L’Échange Sénégalais du Club “Sene-Gambian Scholars” Quand je suis allée à la première réunion de ce club, je n’ai jamais pensé qu’un jour, je ressentirais autant de joie, de rire, et de connexion avec un groupe de gens que je n’ai jamais rencontré. C'était génial de trouver de petites connexions culturelles entre nous chaque jour, et de me rendre compte que notre “monde” est vraiment plus, plus petit qu’on prétend. L'échange sénégalo-gambien avait 11 élèves de nationalités différentes. Malheureusement, les gambiens n’ont pas pu venir, à cause des problèmes de visas, mais on va leur rendre visite l’année prochaine. Pendant l'échange sénégalais, le groupe a visité la pagode de paix, le siège de l’assemblée législative d Massachusetts, le musée de JFK à Boston, la montagne Sugarloaf, et plus. Ma correspondante Estelle a vraiment changé positivement notre manière de faire. Ma famille essaie d’utiliser moins d’eau, de gaspiller moins, et d’apprécier plus notre région et notre vie. Chaque élève de l' échange a vu Amherst, et le Massachusetts, et les États-Unis d’une façon différente que nous. Sa ville, sa maison, ses habitudes, et sa vie, tout ça a l’air ennuyant et normal dans sa perspective. Mais quand on est entouré de gratitude et d’émerveillement pour tous dans sa vie, c’est impossible de ne pas devenir reconnaissant aussi pour ce qu’on a. Un de mes souvenirs favoris est juste un matin quand nous allions à l'école. J'étais dans la lune et Estelle s'est exclamée, “Oh, regarde!” et j’ai dit, “Quoi, quoi?!” Elle s’est tournée vers moi, ses yeux écarquillés, et elle a dit, “La lumière du soleil, elle est tellement belle!” Le soleil était toujours très brillant pendant le matin, et chaque jour, je louchais et je détournais le regard. Mais elle voit tout autrement. C’est la plus importante, et plus incroyable, partie de cet échange, je pense - de voir tout sous un nouveau jour. Et maintenant, chaque matin quand le soleil est tellement brillant, je ne détourne plus la tête. Je suis reconnaissante, et je pense à Estelle. Parce que bien sûr, c’est l’objectif de cet échange - d’élargir des horizons, de rencontrer de nouveaux amis, et de voir tout avec un nouveau point de vue.

When I went to the first meeting of this club, I never thought that one day, I would experience so much joy, so much laughter, and so much connection with a group of people I’d never met. It was amazing to find little cultural connections between each other every day, and to realize that our “world” is truly much, much smaller than we thought. On the trip, there were 11 students from Senegal. The Gambian students weren’t able to come because of problems with their visas, but we will visit them next year. During the trip, we visited the Peace Pagoda, the Massachusetts State House, the JFK Museum in Boston, Mount Sugarloaf, and more. My exchange student Estelle has really changed us for the better. Now my family tries to use less water, to waste less, and to appreciate our area and our lives more. Every student saw Amherst, and Massachusetts, and the US differently than us. One’s town, house, habits, and life, all of that seems boring and normal in their perspective. But when one is surrounded by gratitude and wonder for everything in their life, it’s impossible to not become grateful as well for what one has. One of my favorite memories is just a morning when we were going to school. I was spacing out and Estelle exclaimed, “Oh, look!” and I said, “What, what?!” She turned to me, her eyes wide, and she said, “The sunlight, it’s so beautiful!” The sun was always really bright in the morning, and every day, I squinted and turned away. But she sees everything in a different way. That’s the most important and most incredible part of this exchange, I think - to see everything in a new light. And now, every morning when the sun is so bright, I don’t turn away anymore. I am grateful, and I think of Estelle. Because of course, that’s the point of this exchange - to widen horizons, to meet new friends, and to see things in a different point of view. 4 L'Art Au Senegal-In English

Ecrit Par/Written By: Hanna Hartman

One of the most popular techniques developed by Senegalese artists is ‘fixé under glass’ or ‘under glass.’ This technique looks like painting under a glass but is actually a painting on top of glass. The painting is turned over when finished, so it must be painting both in reverse order and flipped. The outlines of objects and any writing must be put down before background and color. This proves to be an extremely difficult technique, and one that takes many years to perfect. Before the 60s, it was mostly used as a devotional art form for the Muslim community of Senegal. Now, it is so popular that it is used for anything from social commentary to advertisements for urban businesses. Glass painting can be traced back to before the colonial period of Senegal, often thought to be brought back by pilgrims returning from Mecca. The paintings often depict fairly simple scenes of animals and daily life. La nourriture au Sénégal-En Francais

Ecrit Par/Written By: Heather Guilbault

La nourriture au Sénégal est considérée très unique et variée. Les nourritures qui sont les mieux connues sont le poulet yassa, le maafé, et le thiou. En général, plus ou moins dans chaque plat, il y a du riz, des légumes, des poissons et aussi du millet. La nourriture du Sénégal est influencée par la nourriture des États-Unis aussi. Par exemple, le jambalaya se faisait au sénégal, mais maintenant c’est plus commun aux Etats Unis. La nourriture au Sénégal est aussi fortement influencée par les autres pays de l’Afrique du nord-ouest, comme le Maroc. Pour conclure, le Sénégal est très connu pour les nourriture uniques, et aussi pour l' importance de manger en communauté, avec des amis et la famille, assis autour d’un grand bol! La Musique AU Sénégal-In English 5 Article Taken From Site: http://wolofresources.org/musicframe.htm

Pop Music in Senegal Senegal has a diverse and active pop music industry. Certain artists such as Youssou Ndour and have widespread international acclaim. Ismael Lô, Cheikh Lô, and Thione Seck also have earned loyal international followings. Senegal is mainly associated with the mbalax style of music, a marriage of Wolof sabar drumming and Cuban sounds. Mbalax artists include Ismaël Lô, Jimi Mbaye, El Hadj N`Diaye, Bu-Baca Diop and the groups Etoile de Dakar, Tidiane Gaye & le Dieuf Dieul, Alioune Kassé and the Kassé Stars, Touré Kunda, Lemzo Diamono. Some of the most popular popular women singers in Senegal sing Mouride praise songs in the mbalax style such as Kine Lam, Coumba Gawlo and Fatou Gewel. Their fame among Mourides is such that their faces appear in wall murals to honour their sect. A new generation of mbalax singers coming up include Alioune Mbaye Nder. Hip Hop or Rap Currently rap music or hip hop as it is locally known is big in Senegal. Senegal has spearheaded the burgeoning African rap movement and filled an obvious gap in the market between American and French rap. Hip hop has been around in Senegal from 1982, about the same time it reached Europe. In Senegal hip hop began among the children of the affluent and privileged in one of Dakar's most prestigious high schools - Sacré Coeur, contrasting with America where rap grew from an underworld of ghetto kids and street hustlers. It began by imitating the latest craze coming out of America, fed by weekly dance competitions at the school. At the start rap was in French. Kool Kock 6 of Pee Froiss was the first to rap in Wolof and hip hop went on to develop into something really Senegalese, rap flavoured with . Senegalese rap often includes traditional instruments such as the kora, djembe, balaphone and xalam. In contrast to the violence and obscenity of the American B-Boys, Senegalese rap serves as a means to improve the image of local culture. The NGO Enda Tiers Monde recently counted some 3,000 rap bands in Senegal! Best known internationally are and . For a taste of the Dakar rap scene consider getting one of the compilation albums which include a good sampling of Senegalese rap such as Da Hop (Jololi 7243 8488162 7), a compilation of samples of a dozen different groups, Africa Raps (Trikont US-294) Senerap: Freestyle Vol 1 (1997) and 2 (1998). Other groups worth checking out are Pee Froiss, Bamba J. Fall, Bideew Bou Bess and Djollof. New music continues to be produced much of it fiercely political, Afrocentric and highly moralistic denouncing injustice, corruption, scheming politicians and the abuse of power. In the past few years hip hop has lost some of its popularity. Some of this decline is associated with violence at concerts which parallels the emergence of the militant group Rap'Adio. They represent the impetuous New School of Senegalese youth, set to confront and ready to perturb. Catherine Vuylsteke gives an interesting report on rap in Senegal titled The honorary revolutionaries. Trikont also gives a bit of a history in Africa Raps. Wikipedia have an article on . Reggae Reggae would have to be the music that Africa is famous for, and Senegal is no exception. Reggae artists from Senegal include Adioa, Big Mô. Other Senegalese artists and groups of interest include the afro-jazz artists like Idrissa Diop and Wasis Diop, kora players Vieux Diop and Doudou Cissoko, Bu-Baca Diop, Souleymane Faye, Omar Ka and the Fula band, folk musicians like the Guissé brothers [http://wolofresources.org/musicframe.htm] 6 Pictures of Senegalese "Under Glass" Paintings (Top) Senegalese Food (Below)

Music In Senegal (Below)

Des Photos Culturelles Divers/ Le Français à ARHS: Une Expérience 7 Misc. Mondiale, Enrichissante, et Superbe Une histoire de Ben Gilsdorf Quand j’ai fini mes études au collège, j’ai dit à mes parents que je voulais étudier une deuxième langue outre le latin. Au début, j’ai considéré l’espagnol, parce que je pensais qu’il était plus simple et plus utile que le français. Mais après avoir parlé à mon grand-père, qui est professeur de français dans une université, j’ai décidé de prendre le français. Donc, pendant l’automne 2013, j’ai commencé le Français 1 avec Madame Cissé-Dème. Rapidement, je me suis rendu compte que le français était plus que ce que je pensais. J’avais imaginé que nous n’allions étudier que la langue et la grammaire, mais j’avais tort. Nous avons appris la géographie, la culture française, et surtout, nous avons appris à propos de l’influence française en Afrique. Je ne savais pas qu’il y avait 120.000.000 personnes en Afrique qui parlaient français, et j’étais très heureux quand Madame Cissé-Dème nous a enseigné que le monde francophone était plus grand que la France à elle seule. En 2015, alors que j’étudiais le français avec Madame Cissé-Dème, j’ai eu l’honneur de parler de notre Club de Français à la télé dans une interview avec Channel 40 Honor Roll Live! C’était une expérience superbe de pouvoir représenter mon école et ma communauté, et partager mes idées avec les autres gens.

Après deux ans de français avec Madame Cissé-Dème, j’ai décidé d’essayer de sauter Français 3, et de prendre Français 4 en première. C’était difficile, mais j’ai étudié pendant mes vacances, et je suis allé à Paris avec ma famille, où je parlais français chaque jour. Après mon retour, j’ai passé l’examen et je l’ai réussi avec beaucoup de succès. Alors, j’ai commencé Français 4 avec Monsieur Frank. Avec Frank, j’ai appris beaucoup sur la culture moderne de la France. Nous avons vu des films comme Brice de Nice, OSS 117, La Môme, et Les Intouchables, et il nous a appris le verlan comme les français l’utilisent. Aussi, nous avons lu L’Étranger et Matin Brun en français original, une expérience que j’ai bien aimée. Le département de français organise aussi des dîners culturels francophones ouverts au public. L’année passé, j’ai eu la grande chance d’être le MC du dîner et c'était une expérience fantastique. Il fallait me voir avec ma tenue traditionnelle sénégalaise!

Bien que je n’y sois pas allé, j’aime bien le fait que nous avons l’opportunité d’aller en France avec le programme d'échange, et que les élèves d’ARHS peuvent y aller et étudier. Aussi, notre programme sénégambien donne aux élèves l’opportunité de rencontrer des francophones qui ne viennent pas d’Europe, et ce programme nous montre que le français est plus grand que l’Europe. Je suis très heureux avec mes expériences avec le français à ARHS, et j’espère que les élèves qui me suivent l’aime comme je l’ai aimé. Merci Madame, Merci Frank! French at ARHS: A Global, Enriching, and Superb Experience 8 A Story by Ben Gilsdorf

When I finished middle school, I told my parents that I wanted to study a world language other than Latin. At the start, I considered Spanish since I thought that it was simpler and more useful than French, But after talking with my grandfather, who is a French professor in a college, I decided to take French. So in the fall of 2013, I started French 1 with Ms. Cissé-Dème. Rapidly, I realized that French was more than I thought it was. I had assumed that we were going to study the language and grammar, but I was wrong. We learned geography, French culture, and above all, we studied the influence of the French on Africa. I didn’t know that there were 120,000,000 people in Africa who spoke French, and I was very happy when Ms. Cissé-Dème taught us that the Francophone world was larger than France alone. In 2015, while I was studying French with Ms. Cissé-Dème, I had the honor of speaking about our French club on TV in an interview with Channel 40 Honor Roll Live! It was a great experience, being able to represent my school and my community, and sharing my ideas with other people.

After two years of French with Ms. Cissé-Dème, I decided to try to skip French 3, and take French 4 as a junior. It was difficult, but I studied over the summer, and I went to Paris with my family, where I was speaking French every day. After I got back, I took the test and I passed with flying colors. So, I started French 4 with Mr. Frank. With Mr. Frank, I learned a lot about the modern French culture. We watched movies like Brice de Nice (Brice of Nice), La Môme (The Brat), and Les Intouchables (The Untouchables), and we learned the slang that they spoke. Also, we read L’Étranger (The Stranger) and Matin Brun (Brown Morning) in the original French, an experience which I liked a lot. The French Department also organizes Francophone dinners open to the public. Last year, I had the great opportunity to be the MC for the dinner, and it was a fantastic experience. You had to see me with my traditional Senegalese outfit!

Although I didn’t go there, I like that we had the chance to go to France in the Exchange, and that ARHS students could go there and study. Also, our Sene-Gambian scholars program gives students the chance to meet Francophone people who are not from Europe, and it shows us that French is more than just European. I am very happy with my experiences with French at ARHS, and I hope that the students who follow me will love it as much as I love it. Thank you Madame, thank you Frank!

Translation by Andrew Ni Des Photos du Club de français 9 dans le passé avec Ben Gilsdorf

Channel 40 Honor Roll Live, ARHS, January 2015

Le Dîner (Left and Above)

http://www.onenewspage.com/video/20150123/2480940/Honor-Roll-Live-Amherst-Regional.htm http://www.wggb.com/2015/01/23/today-on-abc40-honor-roll-live-amherst-reg-high/ De retour dans le bon vieux temps: Poème écrit par Abigail Kamara- 10 5/24/17 J'étais toujours la mieux habillée à l'école élémentaire. J'ai eu toutes les robes de créateurs et les chaussures achetées dans la Big Apple. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

J'ai toujours eu les meilleures coiffures. Tous les autres enfants à l'école voulaient avoir mes cheveux. Tresses simples à un afro frisé. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Nous avons fait des voyages ensemble. Ils m'ont assuré que j'avais le temps de ma vie. Que ce soit à la plage ou à Conakry. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Quand les gens ont essayé de m'attaquer à l'école. Ils ont toujours été là pour me soutenir chaque fois que je me sentais à plat. Ils m’ont dit de le négliger parce que les autres Les enfants n'avaient rien de mieux à faire. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Quand il n'y avait pas de nourriture dans la maison Ils l'ont fournie. Les meilleurs plats et le riz frit ont toujours été préparés. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Si j'étais malade, ils étaient toujours là pour m'aider à mieux Me sentir. Ils ont tout fait tout pour que je dure. Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Chaque fois que je manquais le bus. Ils étaient toujours prêts à me réveiller et à me conduire à l'école Avant qu'elle ne commence Ils m'ont bien élevée.

Quand les choses ne se passaient pas bien à la maison Ils ont toujours trouvé un moyen de les résoudre. À travers les longues nuits de disputes Ensuite, le lendemain arrive et tout va bien. Ce qui est normal, je suppose. Plus tard, la vie change à l'envers. Tout semble différent maintenant. Parce que l'un est parti et l'autre est restée.