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01985 Government of Ontario Printed in Ontario, Canada

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 5566

Lime Resources of the Thunder Bay Area

*

by A.A. Speed, J.K. Mason, and M.A. Vos 1985

THIS PROJECT IS A COMPONENT OF THE NORTHERN. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS (NIMS) PROGRAM.

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Speed, A.A., Mason, J.K., and Vos, M.A. 1985: Lime Resources of the Thunder Bay Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5566, 173p., 25 figures, 4 tables, l map and l appendix.

Ministry Of Ren6 Fontaine Northern Affairs ^"obbs and Mines Deputy Minister Ontario

Ontario Geological Survey OPEN FILE REPORT

Open File Reports are made available to the public subject to the following conditions: This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Geological Survey does not assume liability. Recommendations and statements of opinions expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of govern ment policy. This Open File Report is available for viewing at the following locations: (1) Mines Library Ministry of Northern Affairs and Mines 8th floor, 77 Grenville Street Toronto, Ontario M5S IBS (2) The office of the Regional or Resident Geologist in whose district the area covered by this report is located. Copies of this report may be obtained at the user©s expense from a commercial printing house. For the address and instructions to order, contact the appropriate Regional or Resident Geologist©s office(s) or the Mines Library. Microfiche copies (42X reduction) of this report are available for 32.00 each plus provincial sales tax at the Mines Library or the Public Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, W-1640, 99 Wellesley Street West, Toronto. Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from this report. Check with the Mines Library or Regional/Resident Geologist©s office whether there is a copy of this report that may be borrowed. A copy of this report is available for Inter-Library Loan.

This report is available for viewing at the following Regional or Resident Geologists© offices:

435 Janes Street South P.O. Box 1089 808 Robertson Street Thunder Bay, Ontario Sioux IxDokout, Ontario P7C 5G6 POV 2TO P9N

The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs and Mines. Permisssion for other reproductions must be obtained in writing from the Director, Ontario Geological Survey.

V.G. Milne, Director Ontario Geological Survey

111

FOREWORD

Agriculture and pulp and paper industries in the Thunder Bay area of Northern Ontario use significant amounts of lime (CaO) and limestone (CaCO3) annually. These materials are imported from Southern Ontario and the United States. This study, which was funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs as part of the Northern Industrial Minerals Study (NIMS), suggests possible local lime resources to supplant the imported commodities. The report comprises a ©review of the present and possible uses of lime in the Thunder Bay area, and descriptions of the geology, mineralization and development history of fifty-one local occurrences of lime.

V.G. Milne, Director Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs Si Mines

-v-

ABSTRACT

The annual consumption of lime (CaO and CaCO3) in the Thunder Bay area is currently (1980) approximately 55,000 tonnes. All of this lime, which is used primarily by the pulp and paper and agricultural industries, is imported from Southern Ontario, Manitoba, and the United States. This report presents an inventory of CaCO3 resources in the Thunder Bay area, and a brief summary of current markets. The project, which is part of the Northern Industrial Minerals Studies program funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs and Mines, was undertaken to explore the possibilities of replacing imported lime with local resources, and, at the same time, increasing the current consumption.

Fifty-one occurrences are described, of which thirty-three were examined during the study. Occurrences are classified by their geological environment into four groups: 1) calcite-barite veins, 2) marls, 3) limestone-dolostone occurrences, and 4) carbonatite alkalic complexes.

A few calcite-barite veins represent potentially large tonnages of CaCO3. one marl deposit is presently being developed as a source of agricultural lime.

Vll

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Foreword...... v Abstract...... vii Contents ...... ix Introduction...... 1 Previous Work...... 3 Acknowledgements...... 4 Locat ion...... 5 Regional Geology...... 5 Potential Lime Resources...... 9 Calcite (Barite) Veins...... 10 Limestone (Dolostone) Occurrences...... 11 Marls...... 13 Carbonatite - Alkalic Complexes...... 16 Discussion...... 17 Uses of Calcium Carbonate...... 17 Current Lime Markets in Northern Ontario...... 26 Conclusions...... 29 References...... 31 Descriptions of Properties/Occurrences...... 38 Appendix A...... 173

ix

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Sketch map of the Badger, Beaver, Beaver, Junior, Porcupine and West Beaver Mine occurrences...... 38 Figure 2: Sketch map of the Black Mountain Lake marl occurrence...... 48 Figure 3: Sketch map of the Chara-Lucy Lakes marl occurrences...... 52 Figure 4: Sketch map of the Clover Lake marl occurrence...... 55 Figure 5: Geology of the Dzuba - Lot 7 calcite vein (modified after Mcilwaine 1971)...... 59 Figure 6: Geology of the Eaglehead Lake limestone occurrence ...... 64 Figure , 7: Geology of the Enterprise Mine occurrence (after Mcilwaine 1971)...... 69 Figure 8: Geology of the Gravel River calcite occurrence...... 73 Figure 9: Sketch map of the Intola Lakes marl occurrence ...... 81 Figure 10: Geology of the Itren Lake Limestone occurrence...... 85 Figure 1 1 : Sketch map of the Jarvis Island vein (modified after Guillet 1963) ...... 89 Figure 12: Geology of the Morehouse calcite vein.. 94 Figure 13: Sketch map of the Neepatyre (Wallbridge) Mine and Algoma Mine Occurrences...... 98 Figure 14: Sketch map of the Omakaki Lake marl occurrence (after Amukun 1980) ...... Figure 15: Sketch map of the Pitch Creek barite-calcite vein occurrences Figure 16: Generalized geological map of the Prairie Lake carbonatite-alkalic complex...... H7 Figure 17: Sketch map of the Red Paint Lake marl occurrence...... 122 Figure 18: Sketch map of the Shillabeer Creek (Milk Lake) marl occurrence...... l 27

XI

Figure 19: Sketch map of the former Shuniah (Duncan) Mine...... 134 Figure 20: Sketch map of the Silver Mountain (West End and East End) Mines occurrences. . . . .138 Figure 21: Sketch map of the South McKellar Island calcite-barite vein (modified after Guillet 1963) ...... 143 Figure 22: Sketch map of the Spar Island vein (modified after Guillet 1963)..... Figure 23: Sketch map of the Surprise Lake marl occurrence...... 151 Figure 24: Sketch map of the Wabikon Lake limestone occurrence 156 Figure 25: 165

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Table of Lithologic Units ...... 6

Table 2: Selected Lime Markets - Northern Ontario...18

Table 3: Quantity and Cost of Delivered Lime Material at Thunder Bay and Dryden ...... 27

Table 4: Description of Minor Occurrences©-...... 167

xv

MAPS (BACK POCKET)

MAP 1: Location of calcium carbonate and barite occurrences in the Thunder Bay area.

xvii

LIME RESOURCES OF THE THUNDER BAY AREA By 11 2 A.A. Speed , J.K. Mason , and M.A. Vos

1) Resource Geologist, Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator©s Office, Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs and Mines, Thunder Bay. 2) Geologist, Mineral Deposits Section, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto______This report was approved for publication by M. Cherry, Acting Section Chief, Mineral Deposits Section, Ontario Geological Survey, August 12, 1985. This report is published by permission of V.G. Milne, Director, Ontario Geological Survey. xix

INTRODUCTION A one-year study of potential lime resources was initiated in 1980, under the Northern Industrial Minerals Studies Program, centred on the Thunder Bay area. The study included an inventory of local lime resources and a concurrent summary of the lime-consuming industries in Northern Ontario. The primary consumer of lime is the pulp and paper industry, with the remainder being used for agricultural purposes. In the pulp and paper industry, lime is added during the chemical processing of the wood fibre after the softening of the pulp and removal of non-fibrous by-products. In agriculture, the addition of lime to soils serves two functions - to buffer acidic soils, establishing a soil pH most conducive to plant growth, and also as a flocculant, aerating soils which are so dense as to inhibit plant growth.

Lime is currently (1980) available in Thunder Bay at a cost of approximately $20/tonne at dockside. An Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food subsidy reduces the cost to farmers by about $4.00/tonne. The annual consumption of agricultural and industrial lime is in the range of 55,000 tonnes, all of which is trucked or shipped from Southern Ontario, Manitoba or the United States. -2-

The most common source of lime is calcium carbonate (CaCOa). Its ready availability in surface or near-surface deposits and relatively easy dissociation into lime (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) ensure its position as the primary source of lime. Sources of secondary interest are calcium oxides of silicon (wollastonite, plagioclase), phosphorus (apatite) and sulphur (gypsum).

The calcium carbonate occurrences of potential economic interest in the Thunder Bay area have been grouped into four distinct geological environments. The brief summary which follows is amplified in the Regional Geology and Potential Lime Resources sections of the report.

Calcite and barite veins (with minor quartz and fluorite) commonly occur as fissure fillings in metasedimentary rocks of the Rove and Gunflint Formations, Animikie Group. Many of these veins were mined in the late 1800*s and early 1900©s for their silver and base metal content.

Limestone and dolostone occurrences are sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of marine origin (cf. marls) occurring within the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group. In recent years marble has been quarried for decorative stonework.

Marls are Recent fresh-water sediments of calcium carbonate mud or ooze with some silica content, associated with highly -3- calcareous glacial till. A local company in the Thunder Bay area uses marl in its potting soil operation.

The carbonatite deposits in the Thunder Bay area are circular complexes of carbonatite-alkalic rocks, which in some pegmatitic phases are nearly pure calcite.

This report is intended to document local resource potential so that industrial users of lime in the Thunder Bay area will consider their development as a replacement for imported lime.

V Previous Work A number of authors have documented calcium carbonate (limestone) occurrences in Northern Ontario, including Wilson (1910), Tanton (1931), Goudge (1933), and Franklin et al. (1980). The silver-bearing calcite (barite) veins of the Thunder Bay District were described by Ingall (1888), Bowen (1911), Tanton (1931), Sergiades (1968) and others. Various barite deposits of the region have been documented by Guillet (1963). Guillet (1969) also described a number of marl deposits, mainly in Southern Ontario, but his work contains reference to some of the marl lakes in Northern Ontario examined during this study. Sage (1975) described the geology and mineralization of the carbonatite-alkalic complexes of the region. -4-

Descriptions of various deposits by some of these workers have been incorporated in the descriptions contained in this report.

Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge receiving information from prospectors and residents of the Thunder Bay and Sioux Lookout areas, from companies using lime products, and the unpublished information contributed by locally active mining companies.

The co-operation and assistance of personnel of the Thunder Bay Regional Mineral Co-ordinator 1 s and Resident Geologist©s Offices is much appreciated. Thanks are due to Ms. T. Abolins, who co-ordinated the project between Thunder Bay and Toronto, to Ms. Joan van Kralingen, who edited earlier drafts, and to Mrs. Iva Sherrett, who typed the manuscript; all three are with the Mineral Deposits Section of the Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto.

The laboratory work was carried out by staff of the Geosciences Laboratory, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto.

Thanks are also given to Mrs. Janet Waddington, of the Paleontology Department of the Royal Ontario Museum, who provided a precise and detailed classification of the fossil content of marl samples. -5-

Location The area of study is bounded by latitudes 48 0 N and 50 e 30©N and by longitudes 86©W and 91*30©*?.

The main area of study lies within a 130 kilometre radius of Thunder Bay; however, individual deposits located outside the immediate study area, including deposits in the Nipigon, Geraldton-Nakina and Ignace-Sioux Lookout areas, were also investigated.

Regional Geology The study area lies within the Canadian Precambrian Shield, an area underlain by sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, as listed in the Table of Lithologic Units (Table 1).

The early Precambrian (Archean) rocks form several northeast-trending "belts" of metamorphosed and complexly deformed volcanic and sedimentary rocks that have been intruded by felsic, and intermediate to ultramafic intrusive rocks.

The metavolcanic rocks are chiefly lava flows of mafic, intermediate and felsic compositions. They represent basaltic and andesitic lavas and fragmental rocks and are sometimes interbedded with metasedimentary rocks. -6-

TABLE 1: Table of Lithologic Units (after Pye and Fenwick 1965) CENOZOIC RECENT Lake, swamp and stream deposits: peat, muck, silt and marl PLEISTOCENE Glacial till, gravel, sand, silt, and clay Unconformity PRECAMBRIAN MIDDLE TO LATE PRECAMBRIAN (PROTEROZOIC) KEWEENAWAN INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Diabase, porphyritic diabase, gabbro, anorthositic gabbro sills and sikes, "Logan Sills" Intrusive Contact SEDIMENTARY AND METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS SIBLEY GROUP: Kama Hill Formation Rossport Formation Pass Lake Formation ANIMIKIE GROUP: Rove Formation Gunflint Formation Unconformity EARLY PRECAMBRIAN (ARCHEAN) METAMORPHOSED FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Granite, gneiss, porpohyritic granite gneiss, quartz and feldspar porphyries, mignatite, syenite, pegmatite, etc. Intrusive Contact MAFIC AND ULTRAMAFIC IGNEOUS ROCKS Peridotite, dunite, serpentinite Intrusive Contact METASEDIMENTS Conglomerate, arkose, greywacke, slate, limestone Arkose, greywacke, slate, mica schists and gneisses Iron Formation METAVOLCANICS Basic, intermediate and felsic metavolcanicvs, massive greenstones, hornblendes and chloritic schists, pillow lava, pyroclastic rocks Unsubdivided metavolcanics and some metasediments -7-

The roetasedimentary rocks consist mainly of greywackes and slates, although some now occur as migmatites or other ultrametamorphic hybrid rocks.

The metamorphosed felsic intrusive rocks include granite gneiss, porphyritic granite gneiss, quartz and feldspar porphyries, migmatite, syenite, biotite and hornblende-biotite granite and pegmatite.

The Middle to Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) rocks include the Animikie and Sibley Groups and the Keweenawan intrusive rocks.

The sediments of the Animikie Group were deposited directly on the erosional surface of the Early Precambrian rocks. The Animikie Group consists of two formations, the older Gunflint Formation and the younger Rove Formation. The Gunflint Formation is sub-divided into lower and upper members, separated by a band of argillite-tuff which persists throughout the formation. The Lower Gunflint contains beds of algal chert and ferruginous carbonate as well as thin beds of hematite and magnetite. The Upper Gunflint is predominantly thinly bedded chert and carbonate at the base, overlain by thin beds of taconite and siliceous shale.

The Rove Formation consists mainly of dark coloured argillite with occasional calcareous interbeds. Locally, the shale contains calcareous concretions up to 2.5 m (8 -8- ft) in diameter. The Rove Formation conformably overlies the Gunflint Formation.

The Sibley Group is subdivided into three formations (Franklin et al. 1980): the Pass Lake, Rossport and Kama Hill Formations. The Rossport Formation contains the purest calcareous rocks in the Sibley Group in the area. In the southern part of the Nipigon basin, the Rossport Formation may be divided into three members: (a) lower dolomite, (b) central chert-carbonate (stromatolitic to the north) and (c) upper dolomite. In the northerly areas of the Nipigon basin these members are less clearly distinguishable because of lack of exposure. For a detailed description of the Sibley Group the reader is referred to Franklin et al. (1980).

Locally the carbonate members of the Sibley Group have been metamorphosed into white brucite and dolomitic marble due to the intrusion of Keweenawan diabase dikes and sills.

The youngest rocks in the area are Keweenawan intrusions (Logan sills). The rocks consist of olivine diabase and occur as small dikes or sills which exhibit a low angle cross-cutting relationship with the Animikie sediments. The sheets of diabase are up to 78m (250 ft) thick and provide protection for the less resistive underlying sediments of the Sibley and Animikie Groups. -9-

Four carbonatite-alkalic complexes occur northeast of Thunder Bay: the Prairie Lake Complex, the Chipman Lake Complex, the Killalla Lake Complex and the Coldwell Complex. The only carbonatite deposit examined in this study is the Prairie Lake Complex. This Late Precambrian complex is composed of an interfingered sequence of carbonate rock and pyroxene-nepheline rocks of the melteigite - urtite series. The melteigite - urtite series are gradational into each other and, thus, the rocks are classed in a group as ijolites (Sage, 1975, p.65). The possibility of major calcium carbonate deposits in the other alkalic complexes is poor.

Surficial deposits of glacial sand, gravel, till and clay, and recent swamp and stream deposits occupy low-lying areas within the study area. These deposits to a great extent mask the underlying bedrock geology.

POTENTIAL LIME RESOURCES For the purposes of this study the calcium carbonate resources were grouped into four categories:

1. calcite (barite) veins, 2. limestones (including dolomite deposits and limestone- dolomite occurrences), 3. marls (travertine/tufa) and 4. carbonatite-alkalic complexes. -10-

For each occurrence, a literature search was undertaken prior to a property examination and a sampling program. Sampling techniques varied from occurrence to occurrence. Generally, grab or chip samples were taken from veins; and grab, or bulk samples, for structural evaluation were taken at the limestone and dolomite occurrences. Surface samples of marl were taken with a garden trowel; a 30 centimetre (12 in) soil sampling tube with 76 centimetre (2.5 ft) extension rods was used for both surface and lake bottom samples.

1. Calcite (barite) Veins Calcite (barite) veins in the immediate Thunder Bay area are almost exclusively associated with shales and wackes of the Rove Formation and ironstone of the Gunflint Formation. After diabase dikes and sills intruded these rocks, numerous structurally related faults and fissures developed parallel with or perpendicular to the dikes. These faults are the sites of simple and composite veins, and of fault breccias consisting of fragments of country rock cemented by vein material.

The variation from a simple vein to a cemented breccia can occur within a few feet. Pinch and swell features, as stockworks of smaller veins radiating into the country rock, can produce varying sizes and widths of individual veins. Elsewhere, calcite-bearing veins occur in faults and -11- fractures within metamorphosed felsic to intermediate granitic rocks.

The veins commonly consist of a gangue of calcite and/or barite with minor quartz and fluorite. Metallic minerals found in these vein systems are argentite, native silver, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The majority of these veins were mined for their silver, lead, zinc or copper content in the late 1800©s and early 1900©s.

For the purpose of this study only calcite (barite) veins greater than 1.5 metres (5 ft) in width were considered to be potential economic sources of material, regardless of the length of the deposit. Narrower veins would prove to be too costly to mine.

2. Limestone (dolostone) Occurrences

Limestone and dolomitic rocks (dolostone) occur within the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group. A chert-carbonate unit in the northern areas varies in thickness from less than 1 m (3 ft) up to a maximum of 5 to 6m (17 to 20 ft) in some localities. The purest limestone-dolostone rocks occur at or near the contact of the Keweenawan diabase sills which have metamorphosed the members of the Sibley Group. -12-

A typical stratigraphic section, encountered in three localities north of Thunder Bay, consists of brick red dolostone and arenaceous dolostone (mudstone) with tan-coloured reduction spheres, overlain by a grey to white dolostone and/or white brucitic limestone, which is overlain by massive red dolostone and arenaceous dolostone. This sequence is usually capped by a diabase sill which varies in thickness from 30 to 60m (100 to 200 feet). Locally, the upper mudstone member is not present. The carbonate units are composed of 55-60 percent calcite, 0-4 percent dolomite and 0-30 percent brucite (Mason and Vos 1980, p.186).

In the northerly areas stromatolitic members, such as those exposed at the Eaglehead Lake occurrence and "in weathered blocks near Disraeli Lake", take the place of the chert-carbonate member of the sequence (Franklin et al. 1980, p.640).

There have been several attempts to develop the limestone and dolomitic rocks in the region, the earliest being the Nipigon River Limestone Quarry near the mouth of the Nipigon River. Tanton (1931, p.199) stated that: "Prior to 1919, an ornamental building stone, known as Nipigon marble, was produced from a quarry on the east shore (of Nipigon River)". -13-

3. Marls

Four characteristics are common to the marls examined during this study:

1) All are associated with present or former groundwater discharging areas (springs, creeks, rivers, seep bogs, lakes, ponds, etc.).

2) Most occur in topographic low areas that are poorly drained.

3) Most are associated with Pleistocene glacial features (i.e., highly permeable calcium carbonate source areas such as outwash deposits, moraines, eskers or sandy tills).

4) Most occur in areas where groundwater is known to be primarily Ca^^/HCO^" rich (and probably saturated with respect to CaCO3).

For a comprehensive study of the occurrence, composition, mining and processing of marl, the reader is referred to Guillet (1969).

The marls surveyed in this study usually consist of fine-grained, soft earthy material, composed largely of calcium carbonate. The top 2.5 to 15 cm (1-6 in) layer of -14- water-saturated lime mud or ooze becomes more compact with depth. Marl is generally greyish-white to tan-brown (buff or beige) , but volumes of clay and/or organic contamination are darker in colour. The purer samples are white or cream coloured when dry. Some marls have a high silica content (SiO2 content ranged from Q-40%).

Eleven lake bottom samples were submitted to the Paleontology Department of the Royal Ontario Museum for fossil identification. The detailed classification of shells is summarized in Appendix A. Modern fresh-water gastropods and pelecypods were found in 7 of the 11 samples submitted. The remaining four samples, all from Wawong Lake (#49) r contained no fossil fragments. The alga chara, itself a carbonate producer within its leaves and stems, was observed in most of the lakes containing marl.

The distribution of marls in the study area is more widespread than previously indicated. Only the Black Sturgeon area (Shillabeer Lake Occurrence, 37, 38) is known to be underlain by Proterozoic rocks composed of calcareous mudstones and limestones. The other known marls are located in Early Precambrian metavolcanic-metasedimentary or granitic terrains. In the Geraldton area, the marl lakes are associated with glacial deposits of gravel and till. These sandy tills, described in Zoltai©s glacial study (1967, p.519) of the area, are the probable source for calcium carbonate. Sandy tills containing fossiliferous -15- limestone and mudstone plus chert fragments can contain from 12 to 29 s* CaC03- Zoltai determined that a regional maximum in the limestone content of tills occurs roughly at the latitude of Geraldton, but to the north, where five marl lakes were examined in this study (occurrences 5,6,27, 35, 49), although calcareous till is irregularly distributed, material within drumlins is invariably calcareous.

For two other deposits, the Surprise Lake Occurrence (43) in the Ignace-Sioux Lookout area, and the Intola Lakes Occurrence (19) in the Thunder Bay area, the source of calcium carbonate is not known. The Surprise Lake Occurrence is associated with an esker outwash delta complex of unknown CaC03 content, and the Intola Lakes Occurrence is located in the Kaministikwia delta underlain by silty glacial till.

Use of marls in the region has been minor, although presently one occurrence is being developed to supply local Thunder Bay farmers with agricultural lime (see Description of Properties - Shillabeer Creek (Milk Lake) Occurrence). A small amount of marl has been used in the Sioux Lookout area when required to treat the acidity in potting soil (see Description of Properties - Surprise Lake Occurrence). -16-

4. Carbonatite-Alkalic Complexes There are four carbonatite-alkalic complexes in the Thunder Bay region, namely the Prairie Lake Complex, the Chipman Lake Complex, the Killala Lake Complex and the Coldwell Complex. Only the Prairie Lake Complex would appear to be a potential source of calcium carbonate.

The Prairie Lake Complex is a circular complex of silica-undersaturated rocks surrounded by granitic gneisses of the Superior structural province. It consists of a marginal carbonatite interlayered with more centrally located rocks of the ijolite series. The major part of the complex is covered by glacial sand, gravel and till ranging from 3m (10 feet) thick near the contact of the carbonatite with the central ijolite to 36m (108 feet) thick at the outer margin of the complex (Resident Geologist©s Assessment Work Files, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay, Ontario).

The Complex is made up of three main rock types: carbonatite (sovite), nepheline syenite (urtite), and mixed rock-pyroxenite (ijolite). All the rocks are composed of varying proportions of calcite, nepheline, green pyroxene and black garnet and lesser amounts of iron- and magnesium-rich carbonates, apatite, magnetite, biotite, olivine, and feldspar. Uranium minerals occur in the carbonatite and pyroxene-rich rocks. -17-

Pegmatitic phases of the carbonatite consist of coarse-grained calcite (Sage 1975).

Calcium carbonate deposits of the carbonatite-alkalic complex at Prairie Lake have not yet been developed. .In 1976, two of three reverse circulation holes drilled here by International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (Canada) Limited indicated rocks with calcium carbonate content of 70-95 percent (Resident Geologist©s Assessment Work Files, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay).

DISCUSSION

Uses of Calcium Carbonate In Northern Ontario the principal consumer of calcium carbonate is the pulp and paper industry.

There are two standard methods in softening the pulp: the "Kraft" process in which the cooking liquor consists of a sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide solution, and the "sulphite" process consisting of a calcium magnesium or sodium bisulphite solution. In both processes, the pulp is softened and the non-fibrous component (semi-cellulose, liguin, resins) is removed by the cooking liquor. After this step of by-product removal, lime or limestone is added to recover and regenerate the cooking liquor. Pulp and paper manufacturers in the vicinity of Thunder Bay consume -18-

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an estimated 50,000 tonnes per year in this way. Table 2 lists the various users, uses, quantities consumed and other relevant data.

A smaller amount of calcium carbonate is used as agricultural lime by farmers in the Dryden and Thunder Bay areas. Lime, hydrated lime and/or finely ground limestone can function as soil conditioners. In humid regions, soils tend to become acidic with time. Lime added to the soil can re-establish the pH most conducive to the particular plant growth required. "For the plant nutrients as a whole", write Foth and Turk in Fundamentals of Soil Science (1972, p.186), "good overall nutrient availability is found near pH 6.5." The quantity of lime needed to attain this optimum pH is determined after establishing the cation exchange capacity of the soil in question. The greater the buffering capacity of the soil, the more base (lime) is needed to increase the pH by a given amount. Although the application of lime is chemically the most direct way of providing the necessary calcium atoms, finely ground limestone will ultimately achieve the same goal.

Another way in which calcium is used as a soil conditioner is as a substitute for sodium. Sodic soils tend to be very dense. Deflocculation of the soil aggregate caused by sodium prevents aeration and proper wetting, eventually prohibiting plant roots from absorbing the -23- necessary ingredients. To remedy this problem, calcium sulphate or finely ground gypsum (CaSO4.2H2 Q ) *s added. Calcium replaces sodium, restoring flocculation of the soil aggregate, and excess sodium combined with sulphur in solution is removed by proper drainage.

In order to assess the suitability of a particular limestone or marl for agricultural purposes, two criteria are used. The first is the Agricultural Lime Index (ALI), which must be greater that 5^ and is defined as:

ALI - neutralizing value x fineness rating 100 where neutralizing value of pure CaCO3 s 1QO (pure MgCO3^100) fineness rating (maximum 100) - % sample passing 60 mesh

Secondly, the substance must be suitable for application using existing methods and equipment. Some marls, for example, would be too fine grained for use in agricultural spreaders, which are designed for a coarser limestone material.

Other lesser consumers of calcite and barite include the building industry and suppliers of polished decorative stonework. In the late 1920©s, calcite was produced for stucco dash from a number of mines in the Thunder Bay district. Tanton (1931, p.89) reported that there were three mines operating in the region in 1927; the Neepatyre Mine, (#25), the West End Silver Mountain Mine (#40) and -24-

Tyee Stucco Works (#17), in Strange Township. At each of these properties, pebble dash for stucco work was produced from vein material consisting mainly of coarse crystalline calcite. At the Neepatyre Mine the coarse calcite vein material was first washed and then crushed and screened to three sizes:

1) pebble dash, 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter), 2) chicken-grit, 3 mm (1/8 in diameter), and 3) land plaster (very fine grained material (Tanton 1931, p. 145)). Up to July 1927, reportedly 150 tons of material had been marketed from the Neepatyre vein. Since then, these properties have remained essentially idle.

* More recently a white brucitic marble and wavy banded dolomite have been used by two prospectors from Thunder Bay who quarry, cut and polish decorative pieces which are sold locally (see Descriptions of Properties - Eaglehead Lake and Itren Lake).

In addition, the brucitic marble is a suitable raw material for sculpturing (J. Douglas, Manitoba Research Council, written communication, 1980). This marble was tested by the Geoscience Laboratory, Ontario Geological Survey and found to be a satisfactory material for structural and decorative use. The brucite content is a potential refractory raw material. Specific analyses and tests of the marble are available in the Resident -25-

Geologist©s Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay.

Barite, which occurs with calcite in vein occurrences of the Thunder Bay area, is used as a drilling mud additive, an extender in both oil-base and water-base paints, and in other chemical related products. Guillet (1963) pointed out that "Canadian production is dependent on the requirements of the oil well drilling industry in the United States, but because of their size and location, Ontario©s deposits cannot compete in this market." To be successful in other markets, such as in the glass, chemical, and filler industries, whiteness and high purity are necessary. Barite was mined in Northern Ontario in the late 1800©s, when relatively small shipments from South McKellar Island and Spar Island were transported to the United States.

Development of many of the previously mined calcite/barite veins is currently hampered because they are:

1) of insufficient mineable width (for the purposes of this study only veins greater than 1.5 metres wide were considered as potential economic sources),

2) within municipal boundaries (the Shuniah Mine (39) within the city of Thunder Bay) or on private property (the Neepatyre Mine (25)), -26-

3) largely rehabilitated (former silver mines such as the Enterprise Mine (15), Porcupine Mine (31), Beaver Mine (2) and West End Silver Mine),

4) depleted of mineable material (the Thunder Bay Mine (46) and the Tyee Stucco works property (47)).

Current Lime Markets in Northern Ontario

The current total annual consumption of lime in the Thunder Bay area is approximately 55,000 tonnes, all of which is imported.

Table 2 is a more detailed survey of these lime markets; for each company or agricultural region, average annual consumption, use, quality specifications (if any), source of supply and cost per tonne is provided.

Although quality specifications among pulp and paper mills vary, generally the calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content must be high and the magnesium oxide (MgO) content very low for the production of cooking liquor in Kraft pulp manufacture.

The cost variations and annual consumption for agricultural purposes over a 4-year period are listed in -27-

Table 3: Quantity and Cost of Delivered Lime Material at Thunder Bay and Dryden———-—-—————-——————————-———-——

Use Year Quantity in Tons Cost per Ton Agricultural purposes 1978 5,000 S 12.00 (Thunder Bay area) 1979 4,600 S 12.90 1980 Nil S 14.00-15.00 1981 2,000 - 2,500 S 16.00 (apporox.) (approx)

Pulp and Paper Industry 1980 17,000 S 5.00- 8.00 - Great Lakes Forest Products 1978 (Thunder Bay Operation) - Great Lakes Forest Products 1980 5,700 S50.00-100.00 (Dryden Operation) -28-

Table 3. Information for these tables was obtained from agricultural representatives and from sources in the industry.

The 1978 and 1979 tonnage figures of agricultural lime used in the Thunder Bay area are high because of good crop years and stockpiling. The great discrepancy in cost of lime used by Great Lakes Forest Products in their Thunder Bay and Dryden operations corresponds^© different sources and method of delivery. Lime for the Thunder Bay operation is transported by ship from Michigan, whereas the Dryden operation uses lime transported by truck from Faulkner, Manitoba.

In 1981, Thunder Bay farmers paid from $15.00 to S16.00 per ton for limestone from Valley Camp Limited, Thunder Bay and were subsidized $4.00 per ton by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food for up to 100 tons (most farmers use less than 100 tons annually). The cost of trucking the limestone from dockside to the farm is additional.

At the present time, the Shillabeer Creek (Milk Lake) marl occurrence is being developed under the Ontario Mineral Exploration Program by Tri-Ven Minerals Limited (see Property Descriptions). The company plans to supply local Thunder Bay farmers with agricultural lime. -29-

CONCLUSIONS Four geological environments were identified as potential lime resources in Northern Ontario. These are

1) Calcite (barite) veins 2) Limestone (dolomite) occurrences 3) Marls (travertine/tufa) 4) Carbonatite-alkalic complexes.

A large number of the calcite/barite veins examined were relatively small for a large tonnage operation. However, a few deposits, such as the South McKellar Island vein, the Spar and Jarvis Island veins, the Gravel River occurrence, and possibly the Morehouse vein in Devon Township, represent potentially large tonnages of calcium carbonate.

Most of the calcite veins examined have high calcium oxide and low magnesium oxide content and, therefore, might be suitable for use in the pulp and paper industry. The largest known deposit of calcite and barite is on South McKellar Island, and contains about 50,000 tons of material.

Limestone portions of the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group are potential sources of calcium carbonate if a sufficient tonnage can be outlined. Development of these limestones is hampered in many cases by a great thickness of diabase overlying the limestones. -30-

Marls are more widespread in northwestern Ontario than previously known. Additional marls likely occur north of Geraldton, in the vicinity of Chara, Clover and Wawong Lakes. According to Amukun (1980, p.48), calcium carbonate could be present over the entire distance between Omakaki and Red Paint Lakes. However, these resources are remote from current market areas.

A potential market for marl as agricultural lime exists in the Dryden area. Since farmers in this area use about 1,000 tons annually, a small scale operation may be feasible if a source could be found closer by.

The carbonatite component in the Prairie Lake Complex is a potential source of calcium carbonate. A substantial amount of carbonate could be extracted from this deposit. The possibility of finding large deposits of calcium carbonate in the other carbonatite-alkalic complexes is, however, poor.

Many known calcium carbonate deposits in the region were not investigated due to limited time. Further work is necessary to evaluate the full potential of the region. -31-

SELECTED REFERENCES Amukun, S.E. 1977: Geology of the Tashota Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 167, 90p. Accompanied by Map 2354, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. 1980: Geology of the Gledhill Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 198, 78p. Accompanied by Map 2412, scale 1:31,680 (1 inch to 1/2 mile). Bow, J.A. 1898: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Report of the Bureau of Mines, Vol. VII, pt.1, p.35-84. Bowen, N.L. 1911:' Silver in Thunder Bay District; Ontario Bureau of Mines Annual Report , Vol. XX, pt.1, p.119-132. Burwasser, G.J. 1977: Quaternary Geology of the City of Thunder Bay and Vicinity, District of. Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Geological Report 164, 70p. Accompanied by Map 2372, scale 1:50,000. Carter, M.W. 1975: Geology of the Dickison Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Report 13, 28p. Accompanied by Map 2293, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. Carter, M.W., Mcilwaine, W.H. and Wisbey, P.A. 1973: Nipigon-Schreiber Sheet, Geological Compilation Series; Ontario Division of Mines, Map 2232, scale 1 inch to 4 miles. Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, Geological Report 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. Coleman, A.P. 1909: Black Sturgeon Iron Region; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 18, pt. 1, p. 163-179. Accompanied by sketch map 18A. Corkhill, E.T. 1908: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Report XVII, p.70. -32-

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1981: Canadian Mineral Deposits Not Being Mined in 1980, updated as Deposits Not Being Mined in 1981; Mineral Policy Sector Internal Report 80/7, by the National Mineral Inventory Section, Mineral Supply Branch, Ottawa. Erdosh, G. 1976: Exploration of the Prairie Lake Carbonatite Complex, District of Thunder Bay; Unpublished Report for International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (Canada) Limited, 6 p., Regional Mineral Co-ordinator 1 s Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. Fenwick, K.G. and Scott, J.P. 1976: Report of the North Central Regional Geologist; p.42-56 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1976, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 71. 1978: 1977 Report of- the North Central Regional Geologist; p.37-51 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1977, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 78, 121p. Fischer, R. and Mccart, J. 1976: A Survey (unedited) of the Old Silver Mines in the Coastal Group of the Thunder Bay Area; Unpublished Report Report, Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator's Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. Foth, H.D. and Turk, L.M. 1972: Fundamentals of Soil Science, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Franklin, J.M., Mcilwaine, W.H., Poulsen, K.H. , and Wanless, R.K. 1980: Stratigraphy and Depositional Setting of the Sibley Group, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 5, p.633-651. French, B. and Mazurski, M. 1975: A Survey (unedited) of the Old Silver Mines on the Mainland of the Thunder Bay Area; Unpublished Report, 196p. Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator 1 s Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. -33-

Geul, J.J.C. 1970: Geology of Devon and Pardee Townships and the Stuart Location, District 6f Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 87, 52p. Accompanied by Map 2207, scale 1 inch to 1/2 mile. 1973: Geology of Crooks Township, Jarvis and Prince Locations and Offshore Islands, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Report 102, 46p. Accompanied by Map 2250, scale 1 inch to 1/2 mile. Goudge, M.F. 1938: Limestones of Canada, Their Occurrences and Characteristics; Canada Department of Mines and Resources, Mines and Geology Branch, 362p. 1933: Canadian Limestones for Building Purposes; Canada Department of Mines, Mines Branch, No. 733, 196p. Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report No. 10, 42p. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 28, 137p. Harben, P.W. 1981: The Industrial Minerals of Canada, Industrial Minerals Supplement 1981, 83p. Hawley, J.E. 1929: Lead and Zinc Deposits, Dorion and McTavish Townships, Thunder Bay District; Ontario Department of Mines, Vol. 38, pt.4. Hewitt, D.F. 1960: The Limestone Industries of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Circular No. 5, 177p. 1964: The Limestone Industries of Ontario 1958-1963; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report No. 5, 177p. 1964: Building Stones of Ontario, Part III; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report No. 16, 89p. Hewitt, D.F. and Vos, M.A. 1972: The Limestone Industries of Ontario; Ontario Division of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report 39, 79p. -34- Hopkins, P.E. 1917: The Kowkash Gold Area; in Twenty-sixth Annual Report, Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 26, No. 4, p.190-226. Ingall, E.D. 1888: Mines and Mining on Lake Superior; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report 1887-1888, pt.II, p.1-131. Kindle, L.F. 1931: Kowkash-Ogoki Gold Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Vol. 40, pt.4, p.55-104. Krauskopf, K.B. 1967: Introduction to Geochemistry, McGraw Hill, New York, 721 p. Mason, J.K. and Vos, M.A 1980: Sources of Lime in Northern Ontario; p.186-187 in Summary of Field Work, 1980, by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L. White, R.B. Barlow, J.A. Robertson and A.C. Colvine, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 96, 201 p. Mcilwaine, W.H. 1971: McTavish Township (West Part of North Half), District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, Preliminary Geological Series Map P.720, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile! Geology 1971. 1971: McTavish Township (East Part of North Half), District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, Preliminary Geological Series Map P. 721, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. Geology 1971. Miller, W.G. 1903: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Report of the Bureau of Mines, Vol. XII, p.73-107. Milne, V.G. 1964: Geology of the Garden Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 25, 21 p. Accompanied by Geological Map 2058, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. Mollard, D.G. 1980: Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, Data Base Map, Press Lake, Ontario Geological Survey, Map 5062, scale 1:100,000. -35-

Moore, E.S. 1909: Geology of Onaman Iron Range Area; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 18, p.146-253. Pye, E.G. 1966: Nipigon-Schreiber Sheet, Thunder Bay District; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Compilation Series, Map 2137, scale 1:253 440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. Pye, E.G. and Fenwick, K.G. 1965: Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Compilation Series, Map 2065, scale 1 inch to 4 miles.

9 Pye, E.G., Davies, J.C. and Pryslak, A.P. 1966: Sioux Lookout-Armstrong Sheet; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Compilation Series, Map 2169, scale 1:253,440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. Pye, E.G., Harris, F.R., Fenwick, K.G. and Baillie, J. 1965: Tashota-Geraldton Sheet; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Compilation Series, Map 2102, scale 1:253,440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. Redden, J.W. 1980: Geological Report on the Lunmac Property, East and West Claim Groups, Eaglehead Lake Area. Thunder Bay Mining Division; Unpublished Report, 25p., Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator 1 s Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. Roderick, S.L. 1970: A Study of the Marl Deposits at Dry Lake near Marlbank, Ontario. Unpublished M.Se. Thesis, Queen's University. Sage, R.P. 1975: Carbonatite-Alkalic Complexes; p.58-66 in Summary of Field Work, 1975, by the Geological Branch, edited by V.G. Milne, D.F. Hewitt, K.D. Card, and J.A. Robertson, Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 63, 158p. Sage, R.P., Bathe, D., Wright, W., Chamois, P., and Skewbridge, K. 1976: Prairie Lake Carbonatite, District of Thunder Bay, Ontario Division of Mines, Preliminary Map P. 1070, Geological Series, scale 1:2,400 or 1 inch to 200 feet. Geology 1975. -36-

Sakrison, B.C. 1977: Geological Report on the Prairie Lake Uranium Project, District of Thunder Bay; Unpublished Report for New Insco Mines Ltd., 27p. Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator's Office, Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver, Cobalt, Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines; Mineral Resources Circular 10, 498p. Silver, L.P. 1906: The Animikie Iron Range; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 15, pt.1, p.156-172. # Tanton, T.L. 1931: Port William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. Terlecky, P.M., Jr. 1970: The Origin, Stratigraphy, and Post Depositional History of a Late Pleistocene Marl Deposit Near Caledonia, New York. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Rochester, 161p. Trowell, N.F. 1969: Watcomo - Clarkton Area (East Half), District of Kenora, Ontario Department of Mines, Preliminary Geological Map P. 525, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. Vos, M.A. 1976: Amethyst Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Guide Book 5, 99p. Vreeken, W.J. 1981: Distribution and Chronology of Freshwater Marls Between Kingston and Belleville, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 7, p.1228-1239. Wilson, A.W.G. 1910: Geology of the Nipigon Basin, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir No. 1, 152p. Zoltai, S.C. 1960: Kenora-Rainy River; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Surficial Geology Map S165; scale 1:506,880 or 1 inch to 8 miles. 1965: Glacial Features of the Quetico-Nipigon Area, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 2, p.247-269. -37-

Zoltai, S.C. 1967: Glacial Features of the North-Central Lake Superior Region, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 4, p.515-528. -38-

Index of Calcium and Barite Occurrences Number on Name of Deposit Type of Deposit Map 1 Badger Mine Composite calcite vein 2 Beaver Mine Composite calcite vein 3 Beaver Junior Mine Composite calcite vein 4 Black Mountain Lake Marl 5 Chara Lake Marl 6 dover Lake Marl 7 Cooke Point Limestone 8 Cooper Barite Composite barite vein 9 Detroit Algoma Mine Composite calcite vein 10 Dorian Amethyst Mine Composite calcite vein 11 Dorion Lead and Zinc Mines Composite guartz-calcite vein 12 Dzuba - Lot 7 Composite calcite vein 13 Eaglehead Lake Limestone - marble 14 Edward Island Composite calcite vein 15 Enterprise Mine Composite calcite vein 16 Gravel River Composite calcite vein 17 Hymers barite Composite barite vein 18 Indigo (Blue) Lake Marl 19 Intola Lakes Marl 20 lotren Lake Limestone - marble 21 Jarvis Island Composite calcite vein 22 Lofquist -. Maata Composite calcite-barite vein 23 Morehouse Composite calcite vein 24 Muriewl Lake Limestone 25 Neepatyre - Algoma Mine Composite calcite vein 26 Nipigon River Limestone 27 Qnakaki Lake Marl 28 Ontario Gem Company Composite quartz-calcite vein 29 Ozone Creek Composite barite vein 30 Pitch Creek barite Composite barite vein 31 Porcupine Mine Cpmposite calcite-quartz vein 32 Prairie Lake Carbonatite - alkalic complex 33 Prince Mine Composite calcite vein 34 Rabbit Mountain and Composite calcite veins Rabbit Mountain Junior Mines 35 Red Paint Lake Marl 36 Scripture's vein Composite barite vein 37 Shillabeer Creek Marl 38 Shillabeer Lake Marl 39 Shuniah Mine Composite calcite vein 40 Silver Mountain Mines Composite calcite-barite vein 41 South McKellar Island Composite calcite-barite vein 42 Spar Island Composite calcite-barite vein 43 Surprise Lake Marl 44 Tashota Marl 45 Thompson Island Composite baritre-calcite vein 46 Thunder Bay Mine Composite quartz-calcite vein 47 Tyee Stucco Works Composite calcite vein 48 Wabikon Lake Limestone - dolomite 49 Wawong Lake Marl 50 West Beaver Mine Composite calcite vein 51 Wolfpup Lake Marl -39-

OCCURRENCE # 1 BADGER MINE OCCURRENCE (see also "Minor Occurrences" listed at the back of this report) COMMODITY: Major: calcite, quartz, fluorite Minor: argentite, native silver, galena, sphalerite, pyrite ROCK ASSOCIATION: Composite calcite-quartz veins fill fractures in fault zones in Keweenawan diabase and Rove Formation shales. CLASSIFICATION.: Composite calcite-quartz-fluorite vein LOCATION: The former Badger Mine is located on mining claim T 201, Lot 2, Con. VI, Gillies Township, about 32 km (20 mi) southwest of Thunder Bay. Lat: 48 0 18'23"N Long: 89 0 39'42"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: Go west, via Highway 11-17 from the junction of Highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61, for 20.8 km (13 mi) to Highway 588. Then proceed south on Highway 588. for 12.5 km (7.8 mi) to a gravel road to left. Go about 0.5 km (0.3 mi) along this road to the former Porcupine Mine. The Badger Property is accessible by an old road leading east from the shaft area at the Porcupine Mine. About 0.8 km (0.5 mi) along this road a clearing occurs to the right (south). A path leads south from this clearing to the shaft and adit. There is a large dump area to the east of the clearing, down hill from the shaft and adit. GEOLOGY: The mine occurs on the side of a hill formed by a Keweenawan diabase sill which overlies Rove Formation shales. Two veins occur about 53m (170 ft) apart as cemented fissures along northeast trending faults. The main, or No. 1 vein occurs in a brecciated zone about 2 m (6 ft) wide. The second or No. 2 vein is only 10 cm (4 in) wide. The veins occur in both the shale and diabase, but the material on the mine dump consists mainly of black shale. MINERALIZATION: The main vein can be seen at the shaft and adit, however, this area is unsafe as the supporting timbers are very rotten and the shaft and adit are caving in. The size of the dump below the shaft and adit is quite large, indicating considerable underground work. Much of the dump is overgrown with bushes and small trees, but the most northerly part is still exposed and is from 4.7 - 6.25 m (15-20 ft) thick. A few coarse crystals of calcite were found in the dump along with, white and amethystine varieties of quartz. The vein is quite brecciated for the most part with shale occurring in a matrix of quartz and -40-

calcite. Metallic minerals observed were a few specks of galena and pyrite. Leaf and nugget argentite were extracted from the vein during mining operations. SIZE AND GRADE: 4 dumps occur at the Badger Mine and their approximate dimensions are as follows: upper dump, No. 1 vein, 24 x 18 x 4.5 m ( 80 x 60 x 15 ft) lower dump, No. 1 vein, 90 x 6 x 6 m (300 x 20 x 20 ft) upper dump, No. 2 vein, 30 x 10 x 3 m (100 x 30 x 10 ft) lower dump, No. 2 vein, 12 x 9 x 4.5 m ( 40 x 30 x 15 ft) As mentioned previously most of the dump areas consists of shale. A considerable amount of sorting would be required to extract calcite material. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: Pre-1887: Initial exploration and development. 1887-1891: Actively mined - shaft sunk to 72 m (240 ft), 600 m (2,000 ft) of drifting, 57 m (190 ft) of winzes, stoping between first and second levels. circa 1892: Operations ceased. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1887-1891: Owned or leased by American industrialists. circa 1892: Operated by miners in lieu of wages 1901: Consolidated Mining Co. of Lake Superior Ltd. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: GSA Map 276A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 GSC Map 213A, Kakabeka Sheet, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, 1928 ODM Silver Mountain Area, 1911 SELECTED REFERENCES: Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. Tanton, T.L., 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map areas, District of Thunder Bay, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -41-

Sampl* No. 134

*bsr Sampl* No. O West Beaver Mine ,^. ••-Sample No. O44 side road Sample No. 042

LEGEND vrn Diabase

^"•.Porcupine•-Shaft Mine

Bclger Mine adit

Figure 1:Sketch map of the Badger, Beaver, Beaver Junior, Porcupine and West Beaver mine occurrences. -42-

OCCURRENCE # 2 BEAVER MINE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Major: calcite, barite Minor: fluorite, quartz, amethystine quartz, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, argentite ROCK ASSOCIATION: Composite vein cementing a simple fissure or fault zone in Keweenawan diabase and Rove Formation shales. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite vein LOCATION: The old Beaver Mine is located about 32 km (20 mi) southwest of Thunder Bay. Lat: 48'19'05"N Long: 89 0 38'29"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: Travel west, via Highway 11-17 for 20.8 km (12.9 mi) to Highway 588, then south via Highway 588 for 10 km (6.2 mi). A dirt road is located on the left side of highway extending for 0.6 km (0.4 mi) to a dump area. An adit is located 91 m to left of the dump. Further along the road a capped shaft is located with a large dump 'area (Figure 1). DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The main vein of the Beaver Mine strikes at 145 degrees and dips steeply to the southwest. It is about 1 m (3 ft) wide and intersected by a smaller vein (a few inches thick) which strikes to the northeast. Other branching veins extend outward for several feet into the country rock. In a report (Resident Geologist's Assessment Work Files, Thunder Bay) on the Beaver Mine vein the following observations were made. Measured from the east wall across a 1 m (34 in) vein: 0-25 cm (0-10 in) coarse-grained white calcite containing fragments of wallrock, 1cm (1/2 in) purple amethystine quartz, and a succession of 1 cm(1/2 in) shapeless grains of sphalerite - all running parallel to the vein walls. 25-30 cm (10-12 in) Pink calcite 30-40 cm (12-16 in) White calcite 40-45 cm (16-18 in) White calcite with terminal crystal faces growing into a line of open vugs at the 0.5 m (17 in) mark; pyrite occurs in and about the vugs 45-55 cm (18-22 in) White calcite 55-60 cm (22-24 in) Pink calcite 60-95 cm (24-34 in) Coarse-grained white calcite contain ing fragments of wallrock, 1 cm (1/2 in) purple amethystine quartz, and a succession of 1 cm (1/2 in) shapeless grains of sphalerite - all running parallel to the vein walls -43-

A large pile of dump material occurs below and beside the old adit which has caved in. This dump contains mostly shale along with small amounts of vein material. Two shafts are supposedly located on top of the hill, however, only one of these shafts was located. The shaft is capped with concrete and a large dump of waste and vein material occurs beside the shaft. MINERALIZATION: The major portion of the vein material observed at the adit dump and the shaft area is a mixture of calcite, barrte, green and purple fluorite, and white and amethystine quartz. Small specks of galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite were observed in some of the vein material. SIZE AND GRADE: There is a considerable amount of calcite vein material mixed with country rock in the dump area near the shaft of the Beaver Mine. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 042 was a sample of coarse crystalline calcite with some fluorite from the dump in the vicinity of the Beaver Mine shaft. Sample 043 was a sample of massive calcite from the dump near the adit of the Beaver Mine. Sample No. 042 043

Si02 4.53 12.3 A1203 0-13 0.25 Fe203 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.11 0.11 CaO 51.8 49.5 Na2O 0.16 0.13 K20 0.00 0.00 TiO2 0.00 0.00 P2Os 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.21 0.17 BaS04 0.09 0.02 LOI 40.2 38.4 Total 97.2 100.8 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, 1981. -44-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1884: Development work began 1891: Mining ceased Workings consisted of two vertical shafts, four levels, and a system of adits and winzes developed to operate on the vein for a length of 270 m (900 ft) and a depth of 120 m (400 ft). A cross-cut extends to 100 m (330 ft) below lowest level and a diamond drill hole was bored 240 m (800 ft) to intersect Keewatin rocks. 1907: Mine dewatered - new mill constructed. 1927: Mfne dewatered to 60 m (200-ft) level HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1885: Owned by American industralists. 1968: Cairngorm Mines Limited CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: GSC Map 276A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 GSC Map 213A, Kakabeka Sheet, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, 1928 ODM Silver Mountain Area, 1911 SELECTED REFERENCES: Bowen, N.L. 1911: Silver in Thunder Bay District; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report, Vol. XX, pt. 1, p.119-132. Ingall, E.D. 1888: Mines and Mining on Lake Superior; Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report 1887-1888, pt. 2, p.1-131. Sergiades, A.D. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines; Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. Tanton, T.L., 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map areas, District of Thunder Bay, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -45-

OCCURRENCE # 3 BEAVER JUNIOR MINE OCCURRENCE (see also "Minor Occurrences" listed at the back of this report) COMMODITY: Major: calcite, barite Minor: quartz, amethyst, fluorite, pyrite, sphalerite ROCK ASSOCIATION: A composite vein in flat-lying shale of the Rove Formation and a Keweenawan diabase sill. CLASSIFICATION:

Composite* calcite-barite vein LOCATION: The old Beaver Junior Mine is located in O'connor Township about 0.8 km (0.5 mi) north of the Beaver Mine on old mining location T.142. Lat: 48 0 19'25"N Long: 89 0 38'05"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: From the junction of Highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61, go west via Highway 11-17 for 21 km (12.9 mi) to Highway 588. Then go south on Highway 588 for 10 km (6.2 mi) to a gravel road leading southeast. About 40 m (130 ft) along the road a trail leads northeast for about 400 m (1300 ft) to the bottom of a steep diabase-capped hill. The vein is about 62 m (200 feet) up the side of the hill. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The country rocks consist of flat-lying Animikie shales capped by a 9.4 m (30-foot) thickness of diabase. Two veins are reported to occur on this property, however only one was found. The most northerly vein, probably the one denoted as the "Big Harry" vein (Tanton, 1931, p.131) was located near the top of the hill, just below the shale - diabase contact. The vein is solid calcite in the diabase, but becomes quite brecciated in the shale. The vein strikes 080 0 -085* and dips almost vertically. The vein is only about 50 cm (20 in.) wide in the diabase but becomes a brecciated zone about 1 m (3 feet) wide in the shale. A large pile of dump material was found down the slope of the hill indicating and adit had been driven into the vein near the shale - diabase contact. The entrance to this adit has caved in. MINERALIZATION: Quartz appears to be the most abundant material and occurs as clear, white amethystine and smoky crystals along the walls, and in vugs and cavities in the vein. Coarsely crystalline white calcite occurs in the central part of the vein along with a little fluorite. The only metallic mineral observed is pyrite. -46-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 134 is massive white calcite taken above the adit at the Beaver Junior Mine. The location of the sample is shown in Figure 1 and its analysis is given below. Sample No. 134 SiO2 MgO CaO L.O.I. TOTAL 104.63 Analysis by Geoscience Laboratory, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: Previous to 1927: North Bluff vein was worked by a cross cut adit driven northerly from the base of the hill. A second cross-cut adit 2.4 m (8 ft) long was driven onto the shale just below the diabase contact; 15m (50 * feet north and 15m (50 ft) above the first adit. This adit crosses the vein which is exposed on surface. The work on the northern or Big Harry vein consists of an adit 15m (50 ft) or more in length driven along the vein in shale 4.5 m (15 ft) below the base of the capping sill of diabase. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Present ownership unknown, but occurs on private property. REFERENCE MAPS; G.S.C. Map No. 276, Thunder Bay Silver Area, scale 1 inch to 4 miles. ODM, Map No. 2310, Ontario Mineral Map, scale 1:1,584,000 or 1 inch to 25 miles.

SELECTED REFERENCES Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 10, 42p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map - Areas, District of Thunder Bay, Canada Deptartment of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -47-

OCCURRENCE # 4 BLACK MOUNTAIN LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Black Mountain Lake is located approximately 2.8 km (1.75 mi) south of Shillabeer Lake and just west of Cockerham Township. Lat: 49 0 03 l 30 n N Long: 88*43 l 30 nW NTS: 52H/02/SE ACCESS: From Highway 11-17 turn north on the Black Sturgeon Road for 35.8 km (22 mi) to the Mawn Lake Road. Go west on Mawn Road for approximately 10 km (6.3 mi). An old logging road leads south from the Mawn Lake Road for about 3.8 km (2.4 mi) to the south end of Black Mountain Lake where a boat may be launched. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The bedrock geology as shown on ODM Map 2236 consists of Keweenawan diabase sills underlain by Sibley Group. None'of the sedimentary rocks crop out in the immediate vicinity of Black Mountain Lake. Marl occurs in the two most southerly bays of the lake, in the southern portion of the main body of water and in part of the north bay of the lake. Most of the central part of the main body of water was too deep to determine whether marl is present. The water is clear to greenish in the two southerly bays, but becomes a darker brownish-black colour, characteristic of most Northern Ontario lakes, in the main body of water. MINERALIZATION: The marl is tan-brown or beige at the water-marl interface but changes to a creamy,-off-white colour at depth. The top portion of the marl is quite oozy, and is composed essentially of loose, water-saturated, highly calcareous lime mud. When this material is dried, it becomes off-white to light grey in colour. The marl is very fine-grained. The marl is 3 m (10 ft) or more thick at most places sampled, except in the southerly most bay in the main body of the lake where it is only 0.8 - 1 m (2-3 ft) in thickness. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 114 was taken in the most southerly part of Black Mountain Lake and sample 117 was taken in the most northerly bay of the lake. Both samples contained the snail and clam shells found in the marl lakes examined. Sample locations are shown on the accompanying sketch map (Figure 2) and the analyses are given below. -48-

N

Sampl* No. 117

0.5 0.25 A^^ •Trail o

L EGEND Marl Diabase Sample Location

Figure 2- Sketch map of the Blackmountain Lake marl occurrence -49-

S amp l e No. 114 117 MgO 0.86 0.98 CaO 56.7 47.7 L.O.I. 44.4 49.8 Total 100.96 98.48 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No past or present record of development. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of past or present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: ODMNA Map 2236, Shillabeer Creek Sheet SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Dept. Mines and Northern Affairs, GR.98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -50-

OCCURRENCE # 5 CHARA (AND LUCY) LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Chara Lake is about 8 km (5 mi) north of Kowkash on the CNR mainline. It is in the east-central part of Kowkash Township, east of lake Nipigon, and about 67 km (42 mi) north-northwest of Geraldton. Lat: 50'18'10"N Long: 87*12'00"W NTS: 42L/06/SE ACCESS: Access to Chara Lake is via Highway 584 north from Geraldton to Highway 643 to a gravel road leading southwest just before Hanover River. This road leads to the north end of Lucy Lake and along the east shore to the south end of Lucy Lake where a boat may be launched. Chara Lake is reached by portaging a short distance from Lucy into Chara Lake. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: L.F. Kindle (1931, p.86) first described the Chara Lake occurrence: "White marl is abundant on the bottom of Chara Lake. It is associated with a prolific chara (algae) reef in the west half of the lake". No marl was found in the east part of Chara Lake. The first evidence of marl in the lake is at the narrows providing an entrance to the west part of the lake, where the water is about 30-60 cm (1-2 ft) deep, and the marl is near-surface. The marl at the narrows is at least 3m (10 ft) thick and is composed of an oozy, water saturated lime mud. The marl is firmer and has a soft earthy to sandy texture in other parts of the lake. The marl is only 75 to 90 cm (30-36 in.) thick at most places sampled, and is underlain by sand and gravel. The water is a clear to greenish blue colour in the west part of the lake and it is likely that marl underlies a good portion of the lake. The shores of Lucy Lake consist of sand and/or boulders but 8 m (25 ft) from shore the lake bottom drops off quickly and sandy marl is present in 3 to 5 m (10 to 15 ft) of water. The waters of Lucy Lake are a very clear greenish-blue colour; because of this colour, it is believed that marl is present over a great portion of Lucy Lake. The lake is too deep in most places for sampling with simple equipment. -51-

MINERALIZATION: The marl of Chara and Lucy Lakes is contaminated with sand, wood chips and fibers, roots and stems of plants, and other organic material such as peat and muck. The marl varies from a water-saturated lime mud to a greyish brown soft earthy to sandy textured material in the west part of Chara lake. Snail and clam shells are abundant. One sample of marly sand was obtained from the southwest part of Lucy Lake. An analysis of this sample contained 38.6 percent silica, as did most of the samples taken from Chara lake (See Assays of Mineralization). SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 080 through 083 were taken from the west part of Chara Lake and sample 084 was taken from the southwest part of Lucy Lake. All the samples were taken near shore; locations are shown on the accompanying sketch map (Fig. 3) and analyses of the samples are given below: Sample No. 080 081 082 083 084 28.8 55.5 56.7 7.73 38.6 A1203 4.69 9.12 9.61 1.46 6.27 Fe20a 2.15 2.18 2.28 0.53 2.03 MgO 2.18 3.39 1.09 0.65 1.53 CaO 24.7 10.6 11.3 36.0 22.7 Na20 0.99 1.93 2.11 0.06 1.33 K20 0.94 1.82 1.69 0.28 1.04 Ti02 0.19 0.34 0.28 0.06 0.25 ?205 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.04 MnO 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 LOI 33.1 14.4 14.3 49.0 ' 26.5 Total 97.7 99.4 99.4 95.8 100.3 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1975: Diamond drilling performed on claim TB.383366 by Mattagami Lake Mines Ltd. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: May 1974 - Claims staked by J.P. Ducharme, R.R. #14, Dog Lake Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario Aug. 1974 - Interest transferred to Mattagami Lake Mines Ltd. Past claim group TB385362 - TB385378 inclusive. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No present record of ownership -52-

Lucy Lake

LEGEND iH Marl

9 Sample location

0 400 800m 1 1 j

0 0.25 0.5 mi. l 1 1

Figure 3'- Sketch map of the Chara - Lucy Lakes marl occurrences. -53-

REFERENCE MAPS: Kowkash-Ogoki Area, Map 40 F, scale 1:125,720 or 1 inch to 2 miles. ODM Map 2102, Tashota-Geraldton Sheet, Geological Compilation Series, scale 1:253,440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. SELECTED REFERENCES: Guillet, G.R. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Industrial Minerals Report No. 28, 137p. Kindle, L.F. 1931: Kowkash-Ogoki Gold Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, Vol. 40, pt.4, p.55-104. -54-

OCCURRENCE # 6 CLOVER LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) ROCK ASSOCIATION: CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh water sediments. LOCATION: Clover Lake is located just north of the Esnagami-Exton Township boundary directly north of Kawashkagama Lake and about 16 km (10 mi) west-northwest of Nakina. Lat: 50 0 14'00"N Long: 86'52'30"W NTS: 52L/02/NW ACCESS: Access to Clover Lake is via Highway 643, then northwest on Highway 643 to a gravel road about 1.6 km (1 mi) northwest of where the highway crosses the CNR tracks. A small access point for boat launching is located about 0.5 km-north along the gravel road. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: There is no bedrock outcrop in the vicinity of Clover Lake. The area is covered by Recent glacial deposits of sand, gravel, and till. Clover Lake, as its name implies, resembles somewhat a three-leaf dover, consisting of three separate bays, east, west and central, connected by narrow entrances. The water is a very greenish blue colour, characteristic of marl lakes in the area. The lake occurs in an outwash esker delta complex of glaciofluvial origin, generally consisting of poorly sorted, stratified sand and gravel, and till. Locally, these deposits are carbonate-rich due to the presence of Paleozoic limestone clasts (Zoltai, 1967). MINERALIZATION: Marl and marly sand are present over much of the lake bottom but the water is too deep, especially in the central bay, to allow continuous sampling of the bottom material. The marl at the south part of the central bay appears to form a shoal with a steep drop off towards the north end of the lake. The marl at this location is very pure, consisting of a light tan-brown to brownish-grey coloured soft earthy material. Some of the alga chara is growing on the surface of the marl. The material is a creamy-white, fine-grained earthy material when dry. In other portions of the lake the marl contains sand, and various forms of organic matter, such as peat, muck, and twigs and roots of plants. The marl is at least 4m (13 ft thick) at the west end of the east bay. The marl contains shells, which are listed in Appendix A. -55-

N

400 800 m

Mar!

o Sample location CO

Kawashkagama Lake

Figure 4 : Sketch map of the Clover Lake marl occurrence. -56-

SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample No. 085 was taken at the south end of the central part of Clover Lake near the entrance to the east bay of the lake. Sample No. 086 was taken beside a small island at the west end of the east bay. Locations of the samples are shown on Figure 4. The analyses are listed below: Sample No. 085 086

SiO2 4 - 09 40 ' 2 A1 203 0.58 5.93 Fe7O3 0.12 0.85 MgO 0.59 0.68 CaO 52.4 20.1 Na20 0.01 1.26 K20 0.09 1.18 Ti02 0.01 0.17 P2O5 0.01 0.03 MnO 0.01 0.01 LOI 43.4 29.1 Total 101.3 99.5 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No record of past or present development. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of past or present ownership. REFERENCE MAPS: O. D. M. Map 2102 Tashota-Geraldton Sheet, 1966, scale 1 inch to 4 miles. Map S265 Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Thunder Bay, Surficial Geology, 1965, scale: 1 inch to 8 miles. O. G. S. Map P. 1535, Ontario Mineral Potential, Nakina Sheet, scale 1:250,000. SELECTED REFERENCES; Zoltai, S. C. 1967: Glacial Features of the North Central lake Superior Region, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 4, p. 515-528. -57-

Occurrence # 7: Cooke Point Occurrence Occurrence # 8: Cooper Barite Occurrence Occurrence # 9: Detroit-Algoma Mine Occurrence Occurrence # 10: Dorion Amethyst Mine Occurrence Occurrence # 11: Dorion Lead and Zinc Mines Occurrence For descriptions of these occurrences r see "Minor Occurrences" elsewhere in this report. -58-

OCCURRENCE # 12 DZUBA - LOT 7 OCCURRENCES See also "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: calcite, barite, amethyst ROCK ASSOCIATION: A composite quartz-calcite-barite vein occurs in a fault zone which brings quartz monzonite in contact with red calcareous mudstone of the Sibley Group. CLASSIFICATION: Composite quartz-calcite-barite vein LOCATION: The Dzuba and Lot 7 occurrences are located in McTavish Township on Mineral Lots 5 and 7. Lat: 48 e 42 l 35"N Long: 88'33'50"W NTS: 52A/10/NE ACCESS: Proceed from Thunder Bay via Highway 11-17 east to the Dorion Amethyst Mine road which is about 8.5 km (5.3 mi) northeast of Pearl. At the second gravel pit, 1.6 km (1 mi) along this road, a bush road trends east for 1.0 km (2/3 mi) to the CNR railway tracks. From the tracks a path leads easterly for 600 m (2000 ft) to the first outcrop of granite, in which the vein is exposed. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: This occurrence has been described in detail by Tanton (1931, p.172) and more recently by Vos (1976, p.46-51). Therefore, only a brief description is given here: The vein occurs in a northeast trending fault zone, the northwest wall of which is a quartz monzonite and the southeast wall is red mudstone and sandstone of the Sibley Group. The vein can be traced discontinuously along the fault zone for a distance of about 600 m (2000 ft) (Tanton 1931, p.172). The vein appears to "pinch and swell" considerably, sometimes being only 1 to 2 m (3 to 6 ft) wide, in others about 3m (10 ft) wide. Near the middle of the deposit the vein is exposed some distance up the northwest wall of quartz monzonite, which rises steeply about 15m (50 ft) above the deep depression representing the fault zone. At the northeast end of the vein is a large vug, partially filled with water. This vug contains very large amethyst crystals. MINERALIZATION: The major part of the vein consists of coarsely crystalline calcite of both white and pale grey varieties. At the southwest end of the vein in Lot 7, there is a very narrow, 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) rib of greenish-white barite which occurs near the contact of the sedimentary rocks on the southeast side of the vein. The mineralized rock here is about 7.6 m (25 ft) wide, and includes 3m (10 ft) of breccia in which the fragments consist of the Sibley Group and 4.6 m (15 ft) of fractured quartz monzonite containing veins and vugs with crystals of smokey quartz and amethyst (Vos, 1976, p.48). At the northeast end of the deposit, the vein is about 4m (12 ft) wide, consisting of massive calcite with vugs and -59-

LEGEND N (J Granite outcrop ^ Vein * Sample location

CO * 'eo~ tt.

Gr.nit. outcrop Z- .s . mp ,. No.. 0 35,036 O

s.** side Gravel r ****.0 Pits grave l road

0 400 800 m 1 1 1

0 0.25 0.5 mi 1 i 1

Figure 5: Geology of the Dzuba-Lot 7 calcite vein (modified after Mcilwaine, 1971). -60-

cavities containing white and green quartz and large crystals of amethystine quartz. SIZE AND GRADE: Tanton (1931, p. 172) states that "A very considerable tonnage of pure, coarsely crystalline calcite is available in this vein ..... n . Portions of the vein are mined intermittently for amethyst crystals. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 032, 037 and 038 were taken from the southwest part of the Lot 7 occurrence (Fig. 5), and analysed for their calcite and barite content. Sample No. 032 was a sample of coarse crystalline vein material; No. 037 was a sample of massive barite vein material and No. 038 was a sample of massive calcite and quartz vein material. Sample Number 032 037 038 ill Si02 0.50 1.69 30.3 A1 203 0.10 1 .10 1 .51 Fe203 0.00 0.00 0.10 MgO 0.13 0.00 0.25 CaO 52.9 1.69 36.7 0.15 0.96 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.58 Ti02 0.12 0.36 0.13 P20s 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.81 0.00 0.49 BaS04 0.05 85.9 0.09 LOI 43.2 1.7 29.9 TOTAL 98.0 93.4 100.1 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey -61-

Samples 035 and 036 were taken from the northeast end of the vein system (Dzuba Property, Lot 5). Sample No. 035 was a sample of massive calcite vein material and No. 036 was a sample of barite and calcite vein material. Sample No. 035 036 -i- .J-. SiO2 0 - 45 0 - 07 A1203 0.12 0.38 Fe2O3 0.00 1 .56 MgO 0.17 0.00 CaO 54.0 24.1 Na20 0.13 0.20 K20 0.00 0.00 Ti02 0.01 P205 0.00 MnO 0.81 BaSO4 0.05 LOI 43.3 Total 99.1 97.8 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1970: stripping and shallow trenching on claim TB132986 1972: manual labour and trenching on claim TB132986 1974: trenching and bulldozer stripping on claim TB352386 1977: power stripping (bulldozing) on claim TB35286 HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: TB132986 (leased claim) 1952: originally staked by H. Watson, R.R.#1 Pass Lake, Ontario 1953: restaked by H. Watson, Pass Lake 1954: restaked by Ken Purkis, Port Arthur, Ontario 1956: restaked by Milton Heise, Port Arthur, Ontario 1962: restaked by Frank Swanson, Dorion, Ontario 1963: all interests transferred to Nick Dzuba, Pass Lake, Ontario 1967: restaked by Phil Dzuba, Port Arthur, Ontario (TB132986) TB352386 (leased claim) 1966: originally staked by Maurice Chesley, Port Arthur, Ontario 1973: staked as TB352386 by Nick Dzuba, R.R.#1, Pass Lake, Ontario -62-

CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Nick Dzuba R.R.#1, Pass Lake, Ontario REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Preliminary Map P. 721, McTavish Township (East Part of North Half), 1 inch to 1/4 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; G.S.C. Memoir 167, 222p. Vos, M.A. 1976: Amethyst Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Guidebook No. 5, 99p. -63-

OCCURRENCE # 13 EAGLEHEAD LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: limestone-dolomite-marble ROCK ASSOCIATION: Limestone and dolostone which are carbonate-rich portions of the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group. CLASSIFICATION: Metamorphosed sediments of Late Precambrian age. LOCATION: The property occurs about 6 km (3.5 mi.) east of Eaglehead Lake and about 71 km (50 mi) north-northeast of Thunder Bay Lat: 49 0 03 I 45"N Long: 89 0 05'30"W NTS: 52H/03/SE ACCESS: Go 75 km (47 mi) north via Highway 527 (Spruce River Road) to Eaglehead Lake Road. Turn east on Eaglehead Lake Road until it begins to turn south to Eaglehead Lake. An east-trending bush road is followed east and then south to the showing. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The rocks consist of Sibley Group intruded by Keweenawan diabase sills and dikes. In the vicinity of the occurrence, the bedrock consists of a diabase sill underlain by carbonate rocks and associated mudstones. Three showings occur in a steep, north-facing escarpment which extends east-west for a length of about 1,400 m (4,500 ft). The number one showing, which occurs immediately south of the termination of the access road, consists from bottom to top of: greenish carbonate mudstone of undetermined thickness; 4.5 - 5.5 m (15-18 ft) of dolomite; 4.5 m (15 ft) of flat lying mudstone; diabase sill of undetermined thickness. The dolomite member consists of a basal stromatolitic unit, overlain by a wavy bedded carbonate unit which in turn is overlain by a banded carbonate unit. The number two showing, 113m (370 ft) to the west of the number one showing, consists of a minimum of 2m (6 ft) of white brucitic limestone overlain by the diabase sill. A contact metamorphic effect of fine-grained, green limestone about 5 cm (2 in) thick marks the contact of the Rossport Formation with the diabase. Dolomite of unknown thickness was noted at the base of the exposure. A thick exposure occurs about 183 m (600 ft) east of the number one showing and consists of red mudstone interlayered with white brucitic marble. The thickness of this exposure was not determined because of the overburden cover. Numerous talus blocks of both stromatolitic and wavy dolomite were noted along the base of the escarpment. Red mudstone was also noted underlying the dolomite and limestone along the base of the escarpment. Wavy banding occurs in the mudstone near the contact of the overlying carbonate member. -64-

Sample No.F-123-80 Lower mudstone^ Sampl* No. F-122-80\ \ Marble-dolomite Upper mudstone

0 400 800m l 1 1

0 0.25 0.5ml 1 1 1

Figure 6-Geology of the Eaglehead Lake limestone occurrence. -65-

Occasionally the carbonate is interlayered with the red mudstone. The upper mudstone member, which overlies the carbonate member, attains a thickness of 9-12 m (30-40 ft). Locally the upper mudstone is not present. The contact between the diabase and the mudstone or carbonate units undulates greatly and varies in dip from 1 to 6 degrees to the south. MINERALIZATION: The carbonate member at the Eaglehead Lake occurrence consists of white brucitic marble and grey, wavy banded dolomite. This showing is being worked by H. Lundmark and W. McAteer for decorative stone. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Two samples were analysed in 1980 by the Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. Sample F-122-80 is a sample of the white brucitic marble and F-123-80 is a sample of the grey dolomite (Fig. 6). Results of the analyses are given below: Sample No. F-122-80 F-123-80 l l Si02 ''•S 6 7.05 A1203 0.21 1.37 F6203 0.08 0.51 MgO 26.4 21.8 CaO 33.0 28.7 S 0.00 0.00 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1976-77: Trenching and blasting by H. Lundmark and W. McAteer 1980: Geological report and map by J.W. Redden

CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Mr. H. Lundmark and Mr. W. McAteer both of Thunder Bay, presently hold a group of 6 claims TB484842, TB465726, TB465727, TB465278, TB519118 and TB519233. REFERENCE MAPS; ODMNA Map 2235 Disraeli Lake Sheet, 1972, scale 1:63,360 or 1 inch to 1 mile. ODM Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, 1965. -66-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, GR 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -67-

OCCURRENCE # 14: EDWARD ISLAND OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -68-

OCCURRENCE # 15: ENTERPRISE MINE OCCURRENCE See also "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: Major: calcite, barite quartz Minor: lead, silver, chalcopyrite, gold ROCK ASSOCIATION: Flat-lying sediments of the Sibley Group which rest unconformably on Archean granite are cut by an east-west trending fault occupied by a Keweenawan diabase dike 1.25 m (4 ft wide). Faulting occurred after the diabase and several mineralized composite veins were formed. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite-barite vein LOCATION: Mining Lot C, Concession I, Lot 5, McTavish Township approximately 54.0 km (33.5 mi) east of Thunder Bay. The original acreage consisted of 162 hectares (400 acres) on the north side of the Canadian National railway about 4.0 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Ancliff station. Lat: 48 0 40'35"N Long: 88 0 37'35"W NTS: 52A/10/NE ACCESS: From Thunder Bay via Highway 11-17 travel east for 54 km then via a gravel road leading.east from Highway 11-17 for 1.0 km to CNR tracks. Walk approximately 270 m (300 yd) north along tracks to No. 1 shaft. No 1 shaft is located west of the tracks on the side of an outcrop. No. 2 shaft is located 90 m (300 ft.) SW of No. 1 shaft. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: In the vicinity of the old Enterprise Mine, pink quartz monzonite underlies sandstone and dolomite of the Sibley Group. These rocks have been intruded by a diabase dike striking nearly east-west. Further faulting caused several cavities and fissures to be formed which were cemented with vein material. The largest of the mineralized veins has an average width of 1.25 m (4 ft) with many branches on either side. The width of the vein varies and it is reported that at the bottom of No. 1 shaft it was from 1.5-2.1 m (5 to 7 ft) wide. The strike of the vein varies between N65*E and N70*E . The dip is about 75 degrees towards the southeast but becomes almost vertical at depth (Tanton 1931, p.168-169). The No. 1 shaft is capped by concrete and surrounded by a dump area. A dump area is also located south of the C.N.R. tracks. The No. 2 shaft, located some 90 m (300 ft) southwest of the No. 1 shaft, has also been capped with concrete. Evidence of the vein can be found directly southwest of the No. 1 shaft; however, the width of the vein zone could not be determined. The vein was not seen at the No. 2 shaft. -69-

Sample No*. OO5, OO7,OO8,OO9.

Granite outcrop

B Shaft

* Sample locat ion

Figure 7- Geology of the Enterprise Mine occurrence (after Mcilwaine,1971). -70-

MINERALIZATION: The most abundant mineral found in the dump area around the No. 1 shaft is calcite. Quartz is also abundant as well as some barite. Other minerals noted are galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and malachite. SIZE AND GRADE: The main vein was from 1.5 to 2.1 m (5 to 7 ft) wide at a depth of 55m (180 ft). The mineralized zone can be traced 64 m (210 ft), ending in several small fractures and veins to the northeast. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 005 and 007 are samples of massive pink-to-white calcite. Sample 008 is a greyish-white calcite. Sample 009 is a sample of barite and calcite. All samples were collected from the dump area in the vicinity of No. 1 shaft (Fig. 7).

005 009

Si02 3.29 1 .48 3.50 3.34 A1 203 0.11 0.13 0.16 1.00 F62O3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.23 CaO 52.5 52.9 52.1 3.02 Na20 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.32 P205 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.51 0.63 0.78 0.02 BaSO4 0.18 0.18 0.03 73.0 LOI 42.0 42.7 41.5 2.5 Total 98.9 98.4 98.4 84.4 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1868: Sampling and assays were completed 1870-76 Two shafts were sunk. No. 1 shaft was sunk to 54 m (180 ft). 23 m (76 ft) of east drifting and 20 m (66 ft) of west drifting was done on the 18 m (60 ft) level. A stope was mined in the West drift and a winze was sunk in the East level. A sump was completed on the north wall of the shaft at the 18 m (60 ft) level. A crosscut was made from the bottom of the shaft 4.5 m (15 ft) south. No. 2 shaft was sunk to 18 m (60 ft). 1884 The shafts were dewatered and the vein was sampled. 1926 New buildings were erected and the No. 1 shaft was dewatered and sampled. -71-

HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1865 Discovered by Mr. P. McKellar 1884 Ownership changed 1926 Acquired by Power and Mines Corp. Ltd. 1968 Oscar Styffe Ltd. 1977 Bill Forsgren of Murillo staked 10 claims which included the former Enterprise Mine. REFERENCE MAPS: ODM, Map 2137, Nipigon-Schreiber Sheet, 1968 GSC, Map 276A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 ODMNA Preliminary Map No. P.721 McTavish Township (East part of North Half) 1 inch to 1/4 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Hawley, J.E. 1929: Lead and Zinc Deposits, Dorion and McTavish Townships, Thunder Bay District; Ontario Department of Mines, Vol., 38, pt.4, p.59-85. Mcilwaine, W.H. 1971: McTavish Township (East Part of North Half), District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, Preliminary Geological Series Map P. 721, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. Geology 1971. Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines; Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -72-

OCCURRENCE # 16 GRAVEL RIVER CALCITE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: calcite ROCK ASSOCIATION: A number of calcite veins occur in Early Precambrian (Archean) felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite vein LOCATION: The Gravel River calcite occurrence is located about 55 km (34 mi) east of Nipigon, Ontario. Lat: 49'00'52 n N Long: 87 0 41 f 15 BW NTS: 42E/04/SE ACCESS: A north-trending road is located about 5 km (3 mi) east of where Highway 17 crosses the Gravel River 52 km (32 mi) east of Nipigon. The showing occurs about 15 km (9.3 mi) north along this gravel road. A short road has recently been constructed for 78 m (250 ft) east from the access road to the showing. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The area has not been mapped in detail; the most recent mapping was done to the north of the showing by Carter (1975) in the Dickison Lake area. A large calcite vein occurs on the east-facing side of a steep granite cliff, which is 62 m (200 ft) or more in height. The vein is from 4 to 5 m (13-16 ft) wide at the base of the exposure. It strikes approximately east-west (N85*-90*E) and dips vertically. The vein can be seen exposed about 15 m (50 ft) up the side of the hill where it appears to be thinning slightly. The country rock in the vicinity of the showing consists chiefly of pink-to-white hornblende-biotite granite; however, the wallrocks on both sides of the vein appear to be a grey, quartz-rich, fine grained, hornblende-biotite granite. A smaller vein occurs about 25-30 m (80-100 ft) south of the larger, or main vein. This vein is 1.25 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 ft) wide, strikes southeast-northwest and also appears to have a vertical dip. The contact with the country rock of both veins is very sharp. Medium-grained caLcite occurs in a 30 cm (12 in) wide zone at the south contact of the main vein. There is then an abrupt change to very coarse-grained calcite crystals. Other changes in crystal size were not observed in the main vein due to a black stain on the calcite. The vein appears to become more quartz-rich towards the north contact. -73-

f

N

l Lake

I ampf^No. 133 nfpl* No. 132 C^ y granite fc.*'---vi^ 7

LEGEND Granite Vein Sample location Road

Figure 8-'Geology of the Gravel River calcite occurrence. -74-

A third narrow calcite vein, about 30 cm (12 in) wide was observed to the north and up the side of the hill from the main vein. This vein appears to strike north 70 degrees east and dips 70 to 75 degrees towards the north. This vein is very irregular in nature, and in one place contains a couple of centimetres of amethystine quartz on the hanging wall. MINERALIZATION: The main vein consists of medium to coarse grained calcite with minor white quartz occupying vugs or cavities in the calcite. Inclusions of grey granite up to 15 cm by 23 cm (6 in by 9 in) also occur in places in the vein. The amount, or frequency, of the country rock inclusions could not be determined because of lichen and moss, and a black stain which coated much of the outside of the calcite vein. The south vein consists chiefly of white coarse-grained calcite. No barite was observed in either the main or south vein. SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 131 is coarse-grained, massive white calcite from the most southerly vein. Sample 132 is white, coarse crystalline calcite from the Main vein, containing a small amount of white amethystine quartz. Sample 133 is coarse crystalline calcite containing some quartz from the most northerly vein. Analyses are given below. (See accompanying map (Fig. 8) for sample locations). Sample No. 131 132 133

Si02 0.81 1.56 5.09 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 61.6 61.1 52.7 LOI 41 .0 40.2 38.7 Total 103.41 102.86 96.49 Analyses by Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No record of past development -75-

HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1958: Charles Parley staked mining claims TB92236 - 39 inclusive covering the showing. 1965: Joseph G. Simard staked mining claims TB120293 and TB120294 covering the showing. 1967: Restaked by Joseph G. Simard TB13133519, TB133520, TB134461 and TB134462. 1981: J.E. Nelson staked mining claims TB604847 and TB604848 covering the showing. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Montane Contractors Limited 305-335 Adelaide Street Thunder Bay, Ontario REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Map 2232 Nipigon-Schreiber Sheet, Geological Compilation Series, 1:253,440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. ODM Map G. 45 Area of Gravel River, 1 inch to 1/2 mile.

SELECTED REFERENCES: Carter, M.W. 1975: Geology of the Dickison Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Report 13, 28p. Accompanied by Map 2293, Scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -76-

OCCURRENCE # 17 HYMERS BARITE OCCURRENCE See also description of "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: Major: barite Minor: calcite, fluorite, quartz CLASSIFICATION: Composite barite-calcite vein LOCATION: South half, Lot 9, Concession I, O'connor Township, about 16m (50 ft) north of the road that runs westerly between Gillies and O'connor Townships. Lat: 48 0 18'40"N Long: 89 0 43'57"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: From the junction of Highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61 go west via Highway 11-17 for 21 km (12.9 mi). Turn west on Highway 590 for 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to Highway 595. Turn south on Highway 595 to the village of Hymers. Turn right on a northwest-trending road which leads to the north-south boundary of Gillies-0'Connor townships. Proceed west to a westerly trending bush road. The vein is about 16m (50 ft) north and about 312 m (1000 ft) along this road. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The vein is exposed in workings on the east side of a diabase-capped hill. An open cut has been excavated by trenching and blasting along the vein for a distance of 11-12 m (35-40 ft). On the face of the open, cut the vein is exposed for a vertical distance of about 5 m (15 ft) and can be traced intermittently westerly up the side of the hill for about 62.5 m (200 ft). The vein is 0.5-0.75m (2-2.5 ft) wide on surface but narrows to less than 15 cm (6 in) near the bottom of the exposure. The vein appears to pinch out entirely at depth. The vein occupies a fault zone trending 75-80 degrees azimuth in flat-lying, wavy-bedded greenalite-taconite iron formation. The southern wall in the exposure appears to be vertical, while the northern wall dips approximately 75 degrees towards the south. MINERALIZATION: The major vein material is coarse crystalline, platy, white barite. The other non-metallic minerals, in order of abundance, are coarsely crystalline white calcite, green fluorite, and white quartz. A few specks of sphalerite and galena occur locally in the vein. -77-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Two selected grab samples of vein material were analyzed by the Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. The results are listed below: Sample No. 001 004

Si02 6.43 10.6 A12O3 0.90 1.00 Fe2o3 ' 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.00 CaO 6.32 5.43 Na2o 0.87 0.86 *20 0.00 0.00 TiO2 0.23 0.29 ^205 o.oo o.oo MnO 0.00 0.00 BaS04 59.75 68.2 LOI 2.4 2.9 Total 76.5 89.3 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1969-1970: Trenching by Jacob Untersander on former claim TB105189. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: Pre-1927: R. Hymers of Hymers, Ontario 1969-1970: J. Untersander CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership. REFERENCE MAPS: Canada Department of Mines; Thunder Bay Silver Area #276A, 1 inch - 4 miles. ODM Atikokan - Lakehead Sheet, 12065, 1:253,440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. -78-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 10, 42p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -79-

OCCURRENCE # 18: INDIGO (BLUE) LAKE OCCURRENCE See description of "Minor Occurrences". -80-

OCCURRENCE # 19 INTOLA LAKES OCCURRENCE See also description of "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: Marl CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Four small lakes in the northwest part of Mcintyre Township about 12 km (7.5 miles) northwest of Thunder Bay. Lat: 48*28 I 45"N Long: 89 0 24'00"W NTS: 52A/06/NW ACCESS: Access to the Intola Lakes is via Highway 17, then west on Highway 102 (Red River Road) for 12.2 km (7.5 mi) to Law Road. Proceed south and east on Law Road for 1.4 km to Springardens Farm road.. Four small lakes occur immediately south of what is now known as Springarden Pheasant Farms. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: T.L. Tanton (1931, p.201) first described a small marl deposit about 16 km (10 mi) northwest of Fort William (Thunder Bay south) near Intola in Mcintyre Township as follows: "A lake with an area of about 12 acres occurs in Mcintyre Township 1 1/3 miles south-southeast of Intola Post Office. A deposit, locally 2 feet thick, consisting chiefly of calcareous shells of small organisms, is exposed along the shore around the western part of the lake. The deposit probably extends over a large part of the lake bottom". Four small lakes lie immediately south of what is presently known as Springarden Pheasant Farms. For the purposes of this report they will be referred to collectively as Intola Lakes. The area surrounding the lakes consist of glacial till and Recent swamp deposits of mud, muck and peat. The northeast-southwest Intola Moraine lies a short distance to the northwest of the lakes. Three of the lakes have been named by the present or previous owners, and the area is used as a summer resort. The most northerly lake is locally named "Missy Lake". To the southeast and connected by a small stream is "Martha Lake". To the south of "Missy" and Martha" Lakes, and separated by an east-west trending esker, is "Catherine Lake". To the southwest of Missy Lake and west of Catherine Lake is another, unnamed lake. The lakes appear to be spring-fed and marl is present, along with abundant "chara" algae in Missy and Martha Lakes. The marl in both these lakes is not very pure. In the northwest end of Martha Lake a small amount of marl occurs mixed with grey -si-

to Thunder Bay

Sample location

'•"ilfiSMsa

marl occurrence. ,ntoU Lakes mar( map of. the Fig ure -82-

clay and organic material. At the southeast end of the Martha Lake the material is mixed with clay, sand and peat with a very thin 15 cm (6 in) layer of pure marl. The best exposure of the deposit occurs on the east shore of the unnamed lake. Here the marl has been exposed along the shore and appears to be at the base of a second east-west trending esker ridge. The ridge has been quarried for sand and gravel and thus the marl bed has been exposed. The marl is underlain by peat and organic material. f MINERALIZATION: The marl on the east side of the unnamed lake is an off-white to cream-coloured, fine-grained, earthy material and is only about 60 cm (2 ft) thick. The marl also contains numerous snail and clam shells. Generally the marl is beige or tan-brown, water-saturated, lime mud, containing the algae "chara". The total extent of the deposit is not known because if poor exposure and great depth of overburden in most places. The accompanying sketch map (Fig. 9) shows the possible extent of the deposit. SIZE AND GRADE: A very minor deposit which is limited in both extent and depth. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 137 and 138 were both taken from the east shore of the unnamed lake west of Catherine Lake. Sample 137 is a surface sample containing numerous snail and clam shells, and sample 138 is an auger sample taken to 60 cm (2 ft) of similar composition. Sample 139, taken at the southeast end of Martha Lake, contained a mixture of sand, clay and peat, with a very thin layer of pure marl. The locations of the samples are shown on Figure 9, and their analyses are given below: Sample No. 138 139

0.07 3.39 3.1 MgO 1.50 1.71 2.79 CaO 57.9 48.5 25.8 L.O.I. 45.1 43.7 23.7 Total: 104.57 97.30 85.39 Analyses by the Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. -83-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No record of past or present development CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Dr. E. Powell of Thunder Bay presently owns a parcel of land known as Springarden Pheasant Farms. REFERENCE MAPS: O.G.S. Map 2372. Quaternary Geology of the City of Thunder Bay and Vicinity, District of Thunder Bay, scale 1:50,000. SELECTED REFERENCES: Burwasser, G.J. 1977: Quaternary Geology of the City of Thunder Bay and Vicinity, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, GR 164, 70p. Accompanied by Map 2372, scale 1:50,000. Guillet, G.R. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report No. 28, 137p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -84-

OCCURRENCE t 20 ITREN LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Limestone-dolomite-marble ROCK ASSOCIATION: Limestone and dolostone which are carbonate-rich portions of the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group. CLASSIFICATION: Metamorphosed sediments of Late Precambrian Age. LOCATION: Itren Lake is located about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) northwest of Buffy lake and about 4 km (2.5 mi) ESE of the Eaglehead Lake showing. It is about 69 km (49 mi) NNE of Thunder Bay. Lat: 49*02'45"N Long: 89 0 02'30"W NTS: 52H/03/SE ACCESS: The Itren Lake occurrence is most easily reached by float-equipped aircraft. The size and surrounding topography of this lake restrict landing to near ideal weather conditions. Other means of access require cross-country travel from any of the old bush roads in the surrounding area. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: Regionally, the geology consists of Sibley Group intruded by Keweenawan diabase sills and dikes. The showing occurs along the southwest shore of Itren Lake, in a near vertical scarp with larger talus boulders of diabase extending to the lakeshore. Locally, the outcrop consists of a diabase sill underlain by Sibley Group sedimentary rocks of the Rossport Formation. The sequence of rocks, from top to bottom, consists of diabase, of undetermined thickness, purple spotted mudstone, grey dolomite, white brucite marble and purple spotted mudstone. Locally, the upper mudstone is not present. The brucitic marble attains a maximum thickness of 3m (10 ft) and is exposed for a strike length of approximately 72 m (240 ft). At the northwest end of the exposure, the marble grades into grey dolomite. The southeast end of the showing is covered by overburden. The grey dolomite is exposed for a distance of 120 to 180 m (400 to 600 ft) and is 3m (10 ft) or more in thickness. The white marble and grey dolomite beds are nearly flat-lying. See Figure 10. MINERALIZATION: The rocks exposed at Itren Lake are composed of white brucitic marble and grey to multicoloured dolomite. The white marble and grey dolomite have been tested by the Geosciences Laboratory, Ontario Geological Survey, showing them to be a good building and decorative stone material. -85-

N

Lower mudstone Dolomite Upper mudstone S

\

\

0 400 800m 1 1 1

0 0.25 0-5 mi 1 1 1

Figure 10 : Geology of the Itren Lake limestone occurrence. -86-

( Specific results of the tests are on file with the Resident Geologist's Office, Thunder Bay). H. Lundmark of Thunder Bay uses the white marble and multi-coloured dolomite for cut and polished decorative pieces which are sold locally. SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: An analysis of the limestone from the Itren Lake occurrence is given below: Sample No. F-56-76

5 - 52 A1203 1.1 F6203 0.33 MgO 21.2 CaO 30.2 Na20 0.20 K^O 0.19 Ti02 0.1 MnO 0.1 41.9 Total 100.7 A sample of blue-grey marble was tested by of the Geosciences Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey (File, Resident Geologist's Office, Thunder Bay). It was found that the stone is strong arid tough and has a compressive and transverse strength higher than the average marble. A chemical analysis of the rock is given below: Sample No. F-55-76

Si02 2.00 A1 203 0-20 Fe 2o3 0.30 MgO 20.9 CaO 30.9 CO2 43 - 0 H20* 3.0 Total 100.3

*H2 0 calculated by subtracting loss on ignition (46%) from C02 . -87-

An X-ray diffraction analysis showed the sample was composed chiefly of dolomite with minor calcite and occasional serpentine. On the basis of the chemical analysis the mineralogy is: Dolomite 87% Calcite 7% Serpentine 5% The rock is classified as dolomite marble. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1980: Geological report and map by J.W. Redden. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Mr. H. Landmark and Mr. W. McAteer, both of Thunder Bay, presently hold 3 claims in the Itren Lake area: TB484656, TB484657 and TB484658. REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Map 2065 f Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, 1965. Scale 1 in to 4 miles. ODMNA Map 2235, Disraeli Lake Sheet, 1972. Scale 1:63,360 or 1 inch to 1 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River area, District of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, G.R. 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236 f Scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -88-

OCCURRENCE # 21 JARVIS ISLAND OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Major: barite, calcite Minor: argentite, galena, native silver, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite ROCK ASSOCIATION: A northwest-striking barite-calcite vein cuts flat-lying shales of the Rove Formation. CLASSIFICATION: Composite barite-calcite vein LOCATION: Jarvis Island is situated in Lake Superior approximately 40 km (24 mi) south of Thunder Bay. It lies 2 km (1.3 mi) southeast of the north shore of Lake Superior opposite Jarvis Point Lat: 48 0 05'48"N Long: 89 0 18'18"W NTS: 52A/03/SW ACCESS: Access to Jarvis Island is by boat from Sturgeon Bay or by boat or float-equipped aircraft from Thunder Bay. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: A detailed description of the deposit is given by Guillet (1963, p. 7-8): "The vein strikes N45*W and dips 40-60 e NE. Assuming it is continuous through the low central part of the island, it is 800 feet long. On the north side of the island, it is exposed almost continuously for 200 feet, but it has been removed in a deep open cut over much of this distance. Widths vary up to 15 feet and average about 6 feet. Examination of a large waste dump near the cut indicates that the vein material is about 50 percent barite. Calcite is common, and quartz and wallrock fragments constitute about 10 percent. On the southeast side of the island the vein pinches and swells from 3 to 7 feet in a continuous outcropping 70 feet long. It appears to pinch out completely under water 70 feet from shore. Narrow parallel stringers are associated with the main vein for several feet on both sides. The vein material at the southeast end is 80 percent calcite and about 10 percent each of barite and quartz." All the shafts are overgrown, and partially surrounded by barbed wire. The open cut and most of the shafts are full of water and should be approached with caution. MINERALIZATION: Guillet (1963, p.8) described the mineralogy of the vein: "The vein is coarsely-banded wherever observed. At the south end, aggregates of coarse (up to 6 inch) white calcite crystals are separated by white barite ribs that -89-

N

Figure 11'Sketch map of the Jarvis Island vein (modified after Guillet,1963). -90-

are up to several inches thick. At the north end, Ingall (1888, p. 43) reports the following sequence: Footwall (southwest) contact Feet O- 4 Coarse calcite with thin quartz seams 4- 6 Mostly calcite, but with some barite and minor quartz 6-12 Coarse barite with minor calcite Hanging wall (northeast) contact." Calcite, barite, quartz and fluorite were found in the dump material. Sphalerite and pyrite were also observed in minor amounts. SIZE AND GRADE: A considerable amount of calcite material occurs in the dump area. Dimensions of the dump are difficult to determine because much of the material was dumped into the lake or is overgrown. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 060 was taken from the open cut on the northwest . part of the vein. Sample 062 is massive barite taken from the southeast part of the vein. See Figure 11 for sample locations. Sample No. 060 062

SiO2 0 - 69 0 - 45 0.09 1.06 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.09 0.00 CaO 54.02 1.90 Na2o 0.19 1.08 K^O 0.00 0.00 Ti02 0.07 0.32 P2O5 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.07 0.00 BaS04 0.24 72.6 43.3 1.9 Total 98.5 79.3 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. -91-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1868: Vein was discovered 1869: Shaft sunk 12 ft 1870: Shaft deepened to 32 ft 1871-72: Main shaft sunk to 160 ft with two levels at 70 and 150-ft depths. Two other shafts and a winze were also sunk 1886: Further underground development including drilling north and south from main shaft. . 0 HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1868: Mr. MacFarlane 1871: Ontario Mineral Lands Company 1871: Sold to Jarvis Mining Company 1927: Sudbury Mines Company 1968: Westfield Minerals Limited CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Map 2250 Crooks Township, Jarvis and Prince Locations and Offshore Islands, District of Thunder Bay; 1 inch to 1/2 mile. G.S.C. Map 276A Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 ODM Map 2065 Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, 1965. SELECTED REFERENCES: Ingall, E.D. 1888: Mines and Mining on Lake Superior; Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report 1887-1888, pt. II p.1-131. Sergiades, A.D. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 448p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas; Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -92-

OCCURRENCE # 22 LOFQUIST-MAATA OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -93-

OCCURRENCE # 23 MOREHOUSE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: calcite ROCK ASSOCIATION: A composite calcite vein occurs in Rove Formation sedimentary rocks. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite vein LOCATION: The showing occurs on mining claim TB. 488502, Devon Township, about 46 km (28 mi) southwest of Thunder Bay. Lat: 48 0 07'25 nN Long: 89 0 47'30"W NTS: 52A/04/SW ACCESS: The claim is accessible by travelling south on Highway 61 from Thunder Bay to Highway 593 (Devon Road). Here turn right on Highway 593 west to a side road that leads north just southeast of the Arrow River Bailey bridge. This road is drivable for about 1.6 km (1 mi) to a culvert in a creek. The showing can then be reached on foot at a distance of 6.5 km (4.0 mi). DESCRIPTION: The showing consists of a vertically dipping calcite vein which strikes about N 85*E and varies in width from 2 to 4.5 m (6 to 15 ft). The vein can be traced over a strike length of 70 m (230 ft). The bedrock consists of Rove Formation shale and greywacke. The vein appears to cut both rock types; shale to the south of the vein is overlain by greywacke to the north of the vein. The shale and greywacke may be interbedded, but lack of exposure makes this statement tentative. A second calcite vein is located about 18 to 24 m (60 to 80 ft) north of the south vein. This vein, which can be seen in scattered outcrops, strikes at N 85*E; the dip is unknown because of poor exposure. The vein is about 2m (6 ft) wide at the best exposure and can be traced for about 106 m (350 ft). No work has been done on this vein. MINERALIZATION: The host rocks have been caught up in the vein system which in some places appears to be a breccia, but in some portions of the vein massive calcite is present. SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: A volumetric determination of a sample from the Morehouse vein, performed by Thunder Bay Testing Laboratory in 1980 yielded 96.76 percent calcium carbonate (Mason and Vos 1980, p.187). -94-

Morehouse vein

Diabase l \\rtv^'/.^-3 Shale/greywacke Sample location 0 400 600m 1 i J

0 0.25 O.Smi. 1 j

Figure l2:Qeology of the Morehouse calcite vein. -95-

A second sample of massive calcite vein material (Fig. 12) was analysed by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey. The results are listed below. Sample No. 050

Total 100.0 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1978: On the south vein some stripping was done by bulldozer. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Mr. W. Morehouse of Thunder Bay. REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Map 2207 - Devon and Pardee Townships and Stuart Location, District of Thunder Bay, Scale 2 inch to 1/2 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Geul, J.J.C. 1970: Geology of Devon and Pardee Townships and the Stuart Location, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 87, 52p. Mason, J.K. and Vos, M.A. 1980: Sources of Lime in Northern Ontario; p.186-187 in Summary of Field Work, 1980, by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L. White, R.B. Barlow, J.A. Robertson and A.C. Colvine, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 96, 201 p. -96-

OCCURRENCE # 24 MURIEL LAKE OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -96-

OCCURRENCE # 24 MURIEL LAKE OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -98-

N

PAIPOONGE TOWNSHIP NEEBING TOWNSHIP

River

'•s^ — j Road—y^-* Buildings Open r"--r-*^*' m Old pits and trenches Open cut a/fr ' c —r 1 1.019 ^ o a o \ "T iV""*^ ALGOMA MINE \ Hample No. 022 T ]*Open cut Sample Nos. 020,021 *Samole No. 024 Sample No. 018 { NEEPATYRE MINE

i Creek

600 1200ft. l LEGEND Vein Sample location Building Open cut Pit or trench

Figure 13 : Sketch map of the Neepatyre (Walbridge) Mine and Algoma Mine occurrences. -99-

MINERALIZATION: The main constituent of the Neepatyre vein is massive white calcite. A transparent variety of calcite (Iceland Spar) is also said to occur. This form of calcite was not observed during the visit to the property. Quartz occurs as either the white or amethystine variety. Barite and fluorite also occur sporadically throughout the vein. Metallic minerals are rare and sparsely disseminated in the vein material and include galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The Neepatyre vein was mined in the late 1920's principally for the coarse-grained calcite. This was crushed and screened to three sizes: pebble - dash for stucco work, 0.6 cm (1/4 inch) diameter; chicken-grit, 0.3 cm (1/8 jlnch) diameter and land plaster (very fine-grained material). Up to July 1927, 150 tons of material had been marketed. The Algoma vein, exposed on the west side of the road, is composed mainly of white and amethystine varieties of quartz. Some portions of the vein contain massive calcite as well as some green fluorite. Pyrite and galena were rarely seen in the vein material. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample 018 is a grab sample of massive calcite from the west end of open-cut No. 1 (Neepatyre Mine). Sample 019 is a grab sample of massive calcite from the east end of open-cut No. 1 (Neepatyre Mine). Samples 020 and 021 are grab samples of massive calcite vein material from open cut No. 2 (Neepatyre Mine). Sample 022 is a grab sample of quartz and calcite mineralized with pyrite and galena from a small open-cut or pit from the Algoma Mine property. Sample 024 is a grab sample of calcite and quartz vein material from a small pit or trench (Algoma Mine). Analyses of these samples are given below, and their approximate locations are shown on the accompanying sketch map (Fig. 13). -100-

Neepatyre Algoma Sample 018 019 020 021 022 024 No.

0.66 2.46 10.1 13.40 79.0 18.5 A1 203 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.28 1.40 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 MgO 0.10 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.11 CaO 54.8 53.3 47.9 46.4 11.3 45.3 N32O 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.23 0.13 0.07 0.09 P 205 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 . 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.32 0.26 0.34 0.37 0.11 0.42 0.08 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 LOI 43.0 42.3 39.5 37.9 8.9 35.7 Total 99.2 98.7 98.5 98.8 100.7 100.6 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto, 1981. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1863: some trenching was done at various places and a 12 m (40-ft) shaft was sunk on the copper-bearing part of the lode 1925: no previous workings before this time operations commenced 1927: workings consisted of three open cuts vein material was being blasted out of the main open cut. calcite-bearing vein material was separated by hand from the country rock and piled on 6 mesh wire screens measuring 2 m x 3.6 m (6 ft by 12 ft) and washed by a stream of water from a flexible flume brought from the stream above HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1863 purchased by Detroit industrialists 1925 Mr. Alf Cooper of Fort William CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Mr. Roy Roblin, R.R. #1, Neebing Township Thunder Bay, Ontario REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Map No. 2065 Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, 1965, scale 1:253,440 (1 inch to 4 miles). O.D.M. Map No. P.177 - Lakehead-Shebandowan Sheet, scale 1 inch to 2 miles. Canada Department of Mines Map No. 276, Thunder Bay Silver Area, scale 1 inch to 4 miles -101-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Port William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -102-

OCCURRENCE # 26 NIPIGON RIVER OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -103-

OCCURRENCE # 27 OMAKAKI LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh water sediments LOCATION: Omakaki Lake is located about 64 km (40 mi) northwest of Geraldton, Ontario, in the north central part of Oboshkegan Township. Lat: 50 0 13'40"N Long: 87"26'30"W NTS: 42L/3NW ACCESS: Access to Omakaki Lake is by small float-equipped aircraft or helicopter chartered from Jellicoe, Geraldton or Nakina. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: S.E. Amukun (1980, p.40) described the calcium carbonate occurrence at Omakaki Lake as follows: "Rapid chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate from solutions emanating from surface or groundwater that drain the moraines occurs in the map-area. Omakaki Lake ... was referred to by the field party as "Travertine Lake" because the shores of the lake are entirely made up of a hard, dense, finely crystalline, compact or massive, white to tan limestone that melts at body temperature. A similar mineral was reported by Moore (1909) on the shore of Red Paint Lake. It is unknown whether the limestone is travertine or tufa". MINERALIZATION: Marl is exposed on the southwest shore of Omakaki Lake. Portions of the deposit are contaminated with organic material peat and muck. Portions of the deposit are also quite sandy with the upper layer containing tufts of grass, tree roots and other vegetation. Snail and clam shells were noted on the surface and also at a few centimetres depth in the subsurface material. Specific shell identification is given in Appendix A. -104-

N

Omakaki Lake Sampl* Nos.OOS and O

Chert/brecciated chert

Sample location

Swamp

Figure 14 - Sketch map of the Omakaki Lake marl occurrence (after Amukun, 1980). -105-

SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: The following are analyses of two samples of surface material taken from the west end of Omakaki Lake (Fig. 14). Sample No. Sample No. 095 097

32.1 68.2 4.56 9.53 1.57 0^70 0.90 30.9 9.06 1.03 2.16 0.85 1.74

0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 28.9 7.6 Total 99.8 101.5 Analyses by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, 1981. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No past or present record of development. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of past or present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: OGS Map 2412 Gledhill Lake, scale 1:31680 (1 inch to 1/2 mile)

SELECTED REFERENCES Amukun, S. E. 1980: Geology of the Gledhill Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 198, 78p. Accompanied by Map 2412, scale 1:31680 (1 inch to 1/2 mile) . -106-

OCCURRENCE # 28 ONTARIO GEM COMPANY OCCURRENCE See also "Minor Occurrences" COMMODITY: Major: amethyst, quartz Minor: barite, calcite ROCK ASSOCIATION: A guartz-barite vein occurs in a fault zone at the contact between Sibley Group sedimentary rocks and Early Precambrian basement rocks. CLASSIFICATION: Composite quartz-barite vein LOCATION: The property is located in Lot 12, McTavish Township approximately 54 km (34 miles) northeast of Thunder Bay. It is covered by leased mining claim TB403879. Lat: 48 0 42'00"N Long: 88 0 35'00"W NTS: 52A/10/NE ACCESS: Travel west on Highway 11-17 to a point about 8.5 km (5.3 mi) northeast of Pearl, where a south-trending gravel road leads to the property. GEOLOGY: The vein strikes N35 0 E and dips about 85* towards the northwest. It is 1.8 to 2.4 m (6 to 8 ft wide) and has an exposed strike length of approximately 46 m (150 ft). The hanging wall is red limy mudstone of the Sibley Group. The footwall is porphyritic biotite quartz monzonite. The principal gangue mineral of the vein is white quartz which contains numerous inclusions of Sibley mudstone. MINERALIZATION: Barite occurs in a 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in) wide zone along the hanging wall of the vein. The barite exhibits some well developed bladed crystals. Some barite, occurring near the footwall of the vein as a minor constituent, exhibits a rosette texture. The central portion of the vein consists of a breccia of silicified Sibley Group mudstone fragments cemented by white and amethystine quartz. Various shades of purple amethyst and brown hematite-coated crystals occur. Galena occurs in small amounts (2-10%) as small cubic crystals up to 10 mm near the footwall of the vein. -107-

SIZE AND GRADE: ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Two samples of vein material from the Ontario Gem Co. operations were analysed by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey. The results are presented below: Sample No. Sample No. 039 040

SiO2 52 - 2 86 - 1 A1 203 1.22 0.98 Fe2O3 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.00 CaO 1.52 7.14 Na20 0.27 0.00 K^O 0.00 0.00 Ti02 0.17 0.14 P2O5 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.02 0.12 BaSO4 37 - 7 0 - 67 L.O.I. 1 .5 5.8 Total 94.6 100.9 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: April - May 1976: manual and power stripping performed by James N. Barrett HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: Sept. 1975: claim T. B. 403879 staked by Richard D. Middaugh Oct. 1975 : all interests transferred to James N. Barrett. 1976 : AMRIC Amethyst Mine, a subsidiary of Rickaby Mines Ltd. purchased claim T. B. 403879 from J.N. Barrett 1977 W. Miron purchased the AMRIC Amethyst Mine and changed its name to Ontario Gem Company CURRENT OWNERSHIP: 1981: Ontario Gem Company REFERENCE MAPS: Preliminary Geological Series Map P. 721, McTavish Township, scale 1" - 1/4 mile. -108-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Fenwick, K.G. and Scott, J.F. 1977: 1976 Report of the North Central Regional Geologist; p.42-56 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1976, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 71, 142p. 1978: 1977 Report of the North Central Regional Geologist; p.37-51 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1977, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 78, 121 p. Mcilwaine, W.H. 1971: McTavish Township (East Part of North Half), District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Mines and Northern Affairs, Map P.721 , scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. -109-

OCCURRENCE # 29 OZONE CREEK OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences" -110-

OCCURRENCE # 30 PITCH CREEK BARITE-CALCITE OCCURRENCES See also "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: Major: barite Minor: calcite, fluorite, amethyst ROCK ASSOCIATION: Two composite barite-calcite veins cut flat-lying taconite of the Gunflint Formation. CLASSIFICATION: Composite barite-calcite vein LOCATION: A vein containing barite occurs in the north bank of Pitch Creek in the west part of mining claim T143, Lot 10, Con. II, O'connor Township about 40 km (24 mi) west of Thunder Bay. A second vein occurs in Mining Location T. 144 in O'connor Township. Lat: 48 0 19'55"N Long: 89*44'25"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: From the junction of Highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61 drive west for 28 km (17.5 mi ) to Highway 590 and west on Highway 590 for 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to Highway 595. Here go south for 4.7 km (2.9 mi) to Concession Road IV and west for 1.6 km ( 1 mi) to first road on left (south). After 1.6 km (1 mi) along this road to Concession Road III, walk west on Concession Road III for 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to trail to the left. Follow trail for 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to Pitch Creek. The main vein is about 235 m (750 ft) downstream. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The vein on Mining Location T.143 occurs about 235 m (750 ft) downstream from where the trail meets the creek. The vein is about 1.5 m (5 ft) wide and composed mainly of platy barite. The vein is exposed over a strike length of 47 m (150 ft). The vein strikes N 55 to 60* east and dips between 50 degrees and 75 degrees southeast. The best exposure of the vein is on the north side of the creek, and it can be followed through the creek-bed to the other side. The second vein occurs about 550 m (1760 ft) upstream from where the trail meets the creek. It is about 15m (50 ft) south of the creek and is largely overgrown. A good deal of vein material was blasted loose in this area. Guillet (1963, p.11) described the vein as follows: "The main occurrence is exposed in 14 trenches over a length of 1 ,200 feet on the north flank of a ridge about 1/4 mile south of Pitch Creek. A lenticular vein 1-15 feet wide, and in some places branching to form two parallel veins, strikes N80 0 E. and dips 70 B N. It cuts flat-lying taconite of the Gunflint Formation. The vein consists principally of calcite, and lesser amounts of both clear and amethystine quartz. Fragments of wallrock are common. -Ill-

Green fluorite is present in minor amounts, and galena is present in traces. Cream-coloured barite is sporadically present in ribs several inches to a maximum of 24 inches thick. It is present in coarse, unoriented, platy crystals, many having a thin layer of encrusted quartz between them. The barite ribs show preference for the wall zones, rather than the centre of the vein, and have their greatest development where the vein is widest. Where the vein is narrow, barite is usually absent. The average barite content of the entire vein is about 10 percent." MINERALIZATION: The vein on Mining Location T. 143 is composed chiefly of cream-coloured platy barite. Calcite and quartz are present in lesser amounts. Some green fluorite was observed and the only metallic mineral observed was some disseminated galena. The vein on Mining Location T1 44 consists mainly of calcite, some barite, clear and amethystine quartz, green fluorite and some galena. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Two samples of the cream-coloured platy barite containing some quartz were taken from the vein on Mining Location T143 (Pig. 15) and analyzed. The results are listed below: Sample No. Sample No. 119 120

Si02 6.80 4.80 A12O3 0.30 0.30 Fe20a 0.17 0.30 MgO 0.00 0.00 CaO 1.43 0.69 BaO 51.97 49.1 equivalent BaSO4 79.00 74.8 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1966: R. Gja did some blasting and sampling primarily on the second vein exposed about 550 m (1760 ft) upstream from where the trail meets the creek. No silver is reported to have been recovered from this property. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: Mining Location T. 143 1960: V. Feeley and J. McDermott Mining Location T. 144 1960: Staked by Jacob Untersander, R. R. #1, Kakabeka Falls, Ontario 1961: All interests transferred to Stephen D. Pugsley 1962: restaked by J. Untersander 1964: all claims cancelled 1966: R. Oja -112-

N

Concession Road H

O'CONNOR TOWNS HIP

r Concession Road UT l ^ ^ \ /•taconite ~~" v, -^ Trail : 7 t ) ) ^ "*~" \^ p SampUNos.119 '120 Main vein ^'\^** B *"^^T^ - ^ Second vein LEGEND CO 0 400 000 m ^ vein i i O) E ^-, outcrop w ^ I 0 0.25 O.Smi. v^ bridge l o

Figure 15- Sketch map of the Pitch Creek barite - calci te vein occurrences. -113-

CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of current ownership. REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Map No. 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet 1965, scale 1:253,440 (1 inch to 4 miles). ODM Map P. 177 Lakehead-Shebandowan Sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles. SELECTED REFERENCES: Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario, Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 10, 42p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District; Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -114-

OCCURRENCE # 31 PORCUPINE MINE OCCURRENCE See also "Minor Occurrences". COMMODITY: Major: calcite, quartz, fluoritem, witherite Minor: argentite, native silver, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite ROCK ASSOCIATION: Two composite veins cement fissures within fault zones cutting Rove Formation shales and overlying Keweenawan diabase sill. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite-quartz-fluorite vein LOCATION: The old Porcupine Mine is located about 32 km (20 mi) southwest of Thunder Bay in the N 1/2, Lot 3, Con. VI, Gillies Township. Lat: 48*18'23"N Long: 89*39'42"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: The Porcupine Mine is accessible by road from Thunder Bay. From the junction of highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61, go west for 20.8 km (13 mi) to Highway 588,then a distance of 12.5 km (7.8 mi) to a gravel road to the left. About 0.5 km (0.3 mi) along this road an adit is located about 19 m (65 ft) to the right. About 47 m (150 ft) above the adit a second adit is located. A little further up the hill the rehabilitated remains of the mine can be seen. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The main vein at the Porcupine Mine strikes N65*E and dips 80 degrees to the southeast. There are reportedly three faults in the area striking at N50 e E, N80 0 E and N65*E. These faults are "cemented" by the composite veins. Displacement of each of the faults is only about 3 m (10 ft). One vein is 15-60 cm (6-24 in) wide consisting of white quartz, calcite, and green and purple fluorite, with small amounts of disseminated sphalerite and galena. The main vein is 30-134 cm (1-4 ft) wide and is partly exposed in the diabase in the area of the shaft which is capped with concrete. MINERALIZATION: The main vein exposed in the shaft area consists mainly of white calcite, white and amethystine quartz, and green and purple fluorite. The ore minerals reported in this vein were argentite in leaf and nugget forms, and native silver in wire and mossy forms. Sulphide minerals include galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. White witherite (barium carbonate) is also reported to be a minor constituent of the vein (Tanton, 1931, p.125). -115-

Metallic minerals observed were a few specks of galena and pyrite. SIZE AND GRADE: Veins do not exceed 60 m (200 ft) in length, 30 m (100 ft) in vertical depth and 120 cm (4 ft) in width. The old Porcupine Mine has been extensively rehabilitated. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1884: Development work was begun, and continued intermittently up to 1911. Principal mine workings consist of two adits driven northeasterly on the west side of the hill, and two shafts on north side of the hill. 1956-57: Some development work was carried out. 1966: Rehabilitation of old workings and sampling carried out. 1968: Shaft dewatered to 3rd level and sampling carried out. Geochemical and geological surveys carried out on surface. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1887: Mr. T.A. Keefer et al. 1956: Climax Silver Mines Limited 1965: Creswel Mines Limited (lease) CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: GSC MAP 276A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 GSC Map 213A, Kakebeka Sheet, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, 1928. ODM Map Silver Mountain Area, 1911.

SELECTED REFERENCES: Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Veins deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. -116-

OCCURRENCE # 32 PRAIRIE LAKE CARBONATITE COMPLEX COMMODITY: Major: calcite, carbonate Minor: uranium (U3O8)'. pyrochlore, magnetite, apatite, brookite, wollastonite ROCK ASSOCIATION: Interfingered sequence of carbonate rock and ijolites (Sage, 1975, p.65). CLASSIFICATION: Carbonatite-alkalic complex LOCATION: The Prairie Lake carbonatite-alkalic complex is located approximately 48 km (30 mi) northwest of Marathon, Ontario. ACCESS: Access to the complex is by Great West Timber's Deadhorse Creek forest access road which extends north for 32 km (20 mi) from Highway 17. Lat: 49*02 I 00"N Long: 89 0 43'00"W NTS: 42E/02/SE DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The following description is taken from Sage 1975. "The Prairie Lake carbonatite-alkalic complex forms a circular topographic high west of Prairie Lake. The complex consists of a complexly interfingering sequence of arcuate to curvilinear bands of carbonate rock and pyroxene-nepheline rocks of the melteigite-urtite series. The melteigite-urtite series are gradational into each other and thus the rocks are classified in a group as ijolites. The carbonate rocks are more abundant towards the periphery of the intrusion, and the ijolitic rocks towards the core. The carbonatite rocks are predominantly composed of calcite but minor amounts of dolomite are locally present. The calcite carbonatite rocks are medium-grained and contain minor quantities of fine-grained accessory magnetite, pyrite-pyrrhotite, tremolite(?) and biotite-phlogopite. Locally, the calcite is coarse-grained and nearly pure, probably representing a somewhat later pegmatitic phase of development. In some areas of the complex, a rusty weathering, ferruginous calcite locally appears to be younger that the non-ferruginous calcite. The ferruginous calcite is generally medium to coarse-grained and in the field is characterized by the presence of a limonitic coating on the weathered surface". -117-

Granite

Gneiss

Carbonatite Complex (mainly drift covered)

gam p l* No*. 064,0^5* J '

^\ ; Nep. he l [ne; ; ; . Syenite •sarr.pl* rto.'

•(mainly" drift' cd ve red);

Carbonatite Complex (mainly drift 'covered)

Prairie Lake

Figure 16 : Generalized geological map of the Prairie Lake carbonatite-alkalic complex. -118-

MINERALIZATION: Mineralogic studies conducted by Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited indicated the presence of pyrochlore, magnetite, apatite and brookite (Sage 1975, p. 64) in addition to calcite, dolomite, pyrite, magnetite, biotite and phlogopite. Extensive areas of the complex are covered by glacial drift and deeply weathered regolith soils derived from weathering of the intrusive rocks. SIZE AND GRADE: 1977-78 diamond drilling indicated radioactivity over a strike length of 320 m (1,050 ft). Part of the zone, 91.4 m (300 ft) long and 6.7 m (22 ft) wide, has a grade of 1.8 Ib. U3O8 and 5 Ib. Nb2O5 Per tonne. There is an estimated 200,000 tonnes of ore to a depth of 83.8 m (275 ft). ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Listed below are analyses of 4 samples submitted to the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey in 1981. See Figure 16 for sample locations. Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. 063 067 068 069

Si02 14.7 4.52 0.00 31.3 A1203 1-69 0.71 0.11 8.35 Fe2 0s 11.50 3.63 0.20 13.6 MgO 9.73 1.83 0.11 6.18 CaO 30.8 46.4 58.0 15.8 O- 22 0 ' 36 0 - 04 1 - 90 0.00 0.56 0.00 4.93 Ti02 1 - 22 0 - 27 0 - 00 3 - 64 ?20s 7.60 1.87 0.26 2.28 MnO 0.61 0.32 0.10 0.36 L.O.I. 20.45 36.3 42.5 9.4 Total 98.47 96.77 101.32 97.7 Sample No. 063 is a soil sample of the weathered soil regolith from a trench along the trail to Jim's showing. Sample No. 067 is a sample of coarse calcite crystals interlayered with fine-grained ijolitic rocks (?) - Jim's showing. Sample No. 068 is a sample of massive calcite crystals from a trench at Jim's showing. Sample No. 069 is a sample of mafic ijolitic rock with calcite-mica porphyry in a fine-grained ijolitic ground-mass. -119-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: In 1968 f J. Gareau, while employed as a prospector for Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited, discovered radioactive occurrences within the Prairie Lake Complex. During 1968, 1969, and 1970, Newmont conducted radiometric, magnetic, and geochemical surveys over the property. The company completed 531 m (1,742 ft) of diamond drilling in 14 shallow Winkie drill holes and 419 m (1,375 ft) of trenching. Electron microprobe analysis done by D. Watkinson of Carleton University, Ottawa, indicates that the pyrochlore is zoned with the uranium being concentrated towards the periphery of the pyrochlore grain. In the spring of 1975, I. Burns of Sudbury restaked the complex. In 1975, International Minerals and Chemical Corporation conducted an exploration and sampling program over the property. Three reverse circulation drill holes for a total length of 1131.6m (3450 ft) were also completed by I.M.C. (Resident Geologist's Assessment Work Files, Thunder Bay). In 1977-78 New Insco Mines completed 1524 m (5000 ft) of diamond drilling. The company also performed a radiometric survey, overburden drilling and did trenching, pitting and metallurgical tests. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Nuinsco Resources Limited (New Insco Mines Limited) REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Prelim. Map P. 1070, scale 1 inch to 200 ft ODM Claim Map No. M-2681 - Killala Lake ^ n -^/2 mi. SELECTED REFERENCES: Sage, R.P. 1975: Carbonatite-Alkalic Complexes; p. 58-66 in Summary of Field Work, 1975, by the Geological Branch, edited by V.G. Milne, p.F. Hewitt, K.D. Card and J.A. Robertson, Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 63, 158p. Sakrison, H.C. 1977: Geological Report on the Prairie Lake Uranium Project, District of Thunder Bay; Unpublished Report for New Insco Mines Ltd., 27p., Regional Mineral Resources Co-ordinator 1 s Office, Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay. -120-

OCCURRENCE f 33: PRINCE MINE OCCURRENCE OCCURRENCE # 34: RABBIT MOUNTAIN MINE AND RABBIT MOUNTAIN JUNIOR MINE OCCURRENCES

See "Minor Occurrences". -121-

OCCURRENCE # 35 RED PAINT LAKE MARL OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments. LOCATION: Red Paint Lake is approximately 65 km (40 mi) northwest of Geraldton, Ontario, in the extreme southeast corner of Gzowski Township. Lat: 51 e 14'15 nN Long: 87 0 22'00"W NTS: 42L/03/NW ACCESS: Access to Red Paint Lake is by small float-equipped aircraft or helicopter chartered from Jellicoe, Geraldton or Nakina. Alternatively, Red Paint Lake can be reached via the Canadian National Railway which passes just north of the lake. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: A description of the marl occurrence at Red Paint Lake is given by E.S. Moore (1909, p.252) : "Red Paint Lake is fed entirely by springs issuing from the drift beneath its surface as no superficial stream can be seen entering this lake. The name seems inappropriate for the lake, as the water is a charming, deep blue colour. This colour seems to be due to the lack of earthy sediments in the water and possibly to the presence of white calcium carbonate on the bottom and disseminated through the water. This white sediment must have an influence on the absorptions of the rays of light and on the production of the blue colour, because Blue Lake, in the southern portion of the district, contains some of this sediment and is alsoremarkably blue. No other lake in the region possesses asimilar deposit or anything like such a blue colour. The deposit of calcium carbonate, or travertine, in Red Paint Lake is at least 20 feet deep at the southeastern end, as a pole can be thrust down into it to that depth. Around other portions of the lake, the deposit varies greatly in thickness and may even be lacking. The creek leaving the lake is so saturated with calcium carbonate that it deposits travertine on the roots and stems of plants along its course, and in the bottoms of the upper lakes of the Red Paint River." MINERALIZATION: Marl occurs in the southeast part of the lake as a buff, oozy, water-saturated lime mud. The marl becomes more firm and earth-like at depth and is an off-white to cream-coloured material containing some sand and plant roots. -122-

N

LEGEND Leased mining claim

Sample Ideation

Paint Lake marl occurrence. Figure 17: Sketch map of the -123-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: A sample of near-surface marl was taken from the southeast part of Red Paint Lake (Fig 17) and analyzed by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey in 1981. Sample No. 094 3; Si02 2.79 A1 203 0.59 F6203 O- 07 MgO 0.69 CaO 48.7 0.00 0.03 Ti02 0.00 P205 0*02 MnO 0.02 L.O.I. 50.8 Total 103.7 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No past or present record of development. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: Mar. 1956 : claims KK14778, KK14779 and KK14786 staked by Ivano Palmaro of Beardmore, Ontario. Oct. 1957 : transferred to Can-Fer Mines Limited, 803 - 66 King Street, West, Toronto, Ontario Oct. 1964 : application for lease of claims granted to Can-Fer Mines Ltd. Dec. 1969 : Can-Fer Mining Ltd. merged with Bralorne Pioneer Mining Limited to form Bralorne Can-Fer resources Ltd. Sept. 1972: Name changed from Bralorne Can-Fer Resources Ltd. To Bralorne Resources Ltd., 205 - 5th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2W4 CURRENT OWNERSHIP: The southern part of Red Paint Lake is covered by leased mining claims #KK14778, KK14779 and KK14786. -124-

REFERENCE MAPS: Kowkash-Ogoki Area, map #40f, 1:126720 or 1 inch to 2 miles. PGM Gledhill Lake Area r #P999, 1:15840 or 1 inch to 1/4 mile. Gledhill Lake, Map 2412, 1:31680 or 1 inch to 1/2 mile.

SELECTED REFERENCES: Amukun, S.E. 1980: Geology of the Gledhill Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 198, 78p. Accompanied by Map 2412, Scale 1:31680 (1 inch to 1/2 mile). Guillet, G.R. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 28, 137p. Moore, E.S. 1909: Geology of Onaman Iron Range Area; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 18, p.196-253. -125-

OCCURRENCE # 36 SCRIPTURE'S VEIN OCCURRENCE See "Minor Occurrences". -126-

OCCURRENCE # 37 SHILLABEER CREEK (MILK LAKE) DEPOSIT COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: West central part of Cockeram Township, approximately 3 km (2 mi) southeast of Shillabeer Lake in the Black Sturgeon area. Lat: 49 0 05 I 00 WN Long: 88 0 40 I 50"W NTS: 52H/02/SE ACCESS: North of the Black Sturgeon road, off Highway 11-17, at Hurkett, Ontario to the Mawn Lake road. West on the Mawn Lake Road to Shillabeer Creek. Milk Lake is reached by travelling 0.6 km (0.4 mi) south along Shillabeer Creek. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The regional geology as mapped by Coates (1972) consists of Keweenawan diabase underlain by Sibley Group sediments. In the area surrounding the deposit there is glacial till, and Recent swamp accumulations of peat and muck. The water, which is greenish-blue, is only 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft) deep throughout the lake. Marl occurs on the lake bottom and in much of the swamp area surrounding the lake. The depth to bedrock in the area varies from 30 to .90 cm (1 to 3 ft). In 1959 and 1960 the Anaconda Iron Ore (Ontario) Company encountered thick sections of lime mud (Coates 1972). The Shillabeer Creek deposit is presently being developed by Tri-Ven Minerals under the Ontario Mineral Exploration Program. The company intends to extract the marl to supply agricultural markets in the Thunder Bay area. Production is expected to be in the 5,000 to 10,000 ton per annum range (W. Peterson, S. Craigo, personal communication). An access road has recently been constructed south from the Mawn Lake road to the deposit. Future work includes the construction of an earth dike to restrict the flow of water from Shillabeer Creek into the western part of the lake. Water will be pumped from the lake using a high volume pump. Drainage ditches may also be dug to supplement the dewatering program (W. Petersen, S. Craigo, personal communication). MINERALIZATION: The marl at the Milk Lake deposit is somewhat different in physical appearance from the marl from Shillabeer Lake. It is lighter in colour, varying from off-white to beige, and less contaminated due to shallow overburden in the area. When dry the marl is an off-white colour. It also contains numerous snail and clam shells. -127-

N

Sample location

Cake ^Bridge

Figure 18: Sketch map of the Shillabeer Creek {Milk Lake) marl deposit. -128-

Much of the swamp area surrounding the lake deposit is probably underlain by marl as evidenced in a number of bulldozed test pits. SIZE AND GRADE: The Shillabeer Creek marl deposit has good access for transportation, and is of sufficient size and grade to permit low - cost surface mining. A conservative estimate of mineable material would be in the order of 200/000 tons with a potential of 5 million tons. The marl consists mainly of calcium carbonate and appears to contain no impurities of consequence. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Many samples of the Shillabeer Creek marl deposit have been analysed. The results are summarized in Coates (1972, p. 36-37). In addition one sample of marl (Fig. 18) analysed in 1980 produced the following results: Sample No. F-146-80

SiO2 1.37 A1 203 O- 34 Fe 20s 0.12 MgO 0.72 CaO 54.20 S 0.21 Analysis by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1958: Staked by A. Gresky, 8 contiguous claims, TB91914 - 91921 inclusive 1958: Optioned to L. Baarts and L. Hermiston who conducted an auger drilling program outlining a "large marl deposit - prospecting along creek beds indicated it to extend intermittently to the northwest for several miles" (E.G. Pye 1959, unpublished report - Thunder Bay Resident Geologist's Office). 1959- 60: Anaconda Iron Ore (Ontario) Ltd. - drilling; according to A. Gresky (verbal communication) company encountered lime - mud 3-21 m (10-70 ft) in thickness (Coates 1972). 1962: Anaconda American Brass staked the north, south and east shores of Shillabeer Creek for several miles, south and east of Shillabeer Lake. -129-

HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1979: Staked by P. Skalesky, T. Peterson and W. Peterson 1981: T. Peterson, W. Peterson, S. Craigo CURRENT OWNERSHIP: 1981: Tri-Ven Minerals 402 University Drive Thunder Bay, Ontario REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Map 2236, Shillabeer Creek Sheet, scale 1 inch ** 1 Mile. O.D.M. Map M-1825, scale 1 inch to 1/2 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, GR 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. Wilson, A.W.G. 1910:' Geology of the Nipigon Basin, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir No. 1, 152p. -130-

OCCURRENCE # 38 SHILLABEER (SUCKER) LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Shillabeer Lake is located about 32 km (20 miles) northwest of Hurkett, Ontario, just west of the western boundary of Cockeram Township. Lat: 88 0 44 I 00"N Long: 49'06'30"W NTS: 52H/02/SW and SE ACCESS: Access is by road. Follow the Black Sturgeon Road, off Highway 11-17 at Hurkett north to the Mawn Lake road; on the Mawn Lake road there is a cut off marked by a sign indicating a boat launching site for Shillabeer Lake. This road leads to a creek flowing southeast out of the lake where a public boat launching site is located. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The regional geology as mapped by Coates consists of Keweenawan diabase sills and dikes underlain by Sibley Group sedimentary rocks. There is no outcrop in the immediate area of Shillabeer Lake. A few small eskers occur in the area, and a northwest-southeast trending recessional moraine lies to the north of the lake, but most surrounding area is underlain by glacial till and swamp deposits. The Shillabeer Lake deposit has been described by a number of authors, including Wilson (1910), Guillet (1969) and Coates (1972); some of the information is reiterated in the following description. Shillabeer Lake is a very shallow lake, nowhere exceeding 2 m (6 ft) in depth. A layer of gyttja (organic mud) is present over the entire lake bottom overlying the marl. The depth of the gyttja varies between 1 and 2 m (30 to 60 in). In the south part of the lake there is about 90 cm (43 in) of gyttia overlying 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in) of marl. The marl is underlain by a very dense hard grey clay. Towards the centre of the lake the gyttja layer is more than 1.4 m (4.5 ft) thick. The thickness of the marl bed was undetermined in the deeper part of the lake. At the north end of the lake there is about 76 cm (30 in) of gyttja overlying at least 2 m (6 ft) of dense grey marl. Towards the north shore in the southwest bay of the lake the sediments on the bottom consist of reddish-brown sandy silt and some clay overlain by a layer of organic mud. No marl was found in a number of locations tested in the north part of this bay. -131-

In the southern part of the bay there is about 2 m (6 ft) of mud overlying the marl in about 71 cm (28 in) of water. Most of Shillabeer Lake contains marl except for a small area in the southwest bay. The depth of the deposit was not determined but commonly appears to be 2m (6 ft) or more in thickness. MINERALIZATION: The marl from Shillabeer Lake is dark grey in colour, composed essentially of a loose, water saturated, highly calcareous lime mud. The dark grey colour appears to be due to staining by the loose organic mud immediately above the marl bed. When dry the marl is a light grey colour. The marl contains all the common snail and clam shells (see Appendix A). SIZE AND GRADE: Coates (1972) has estimated the marl to extend over a distance of 8 km (5 mi) and to exceed 0.8 km ( 1/2 mi) in width. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Four samples, 073 through 076, were taken in various parts of Shillabeer Lake. Analyses of the samples are given below. It can be seen that all of the samples have a high silica content and a relatively low calcium content compared with the Shillabeer Creek (Milk Lake) deposit. Sample No. Sample No. 'Sample No. Sample No. 073 074 075 076

Si02 44.9 49.7 54.1 49.6 A1203 9.46 10.6 11.6 10.7 Fe 203 4.68 4.65 5.05 5.72 MgO 4.57 4.57 5.95 6.26 CaO 15.8 12.9 9.45 11.4 Na20 1-75 1.97 2.17 2.00 K20 1.26 1.50 1.62 1.39 Ti02 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.56 P 20s 0.08 . 0.09 0.08 0.08 MnO 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 L.O.I. 15.8 11 .8 8.6 10.3 Total 98.9 98.5 99.3 98.1

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No past or present history of development. -132-

CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of current ownership REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Map 2236 Shillabeer Creek Sheet, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. O.D.M. M-1825, M-3035, M-3036, scale 1 inch to 1/2 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M.E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area; District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, GR 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235 and 2236, Scale 1 inch to 1 mile. Guillet, G.R. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 28, 137p. Wilson, A.W.G. 1910: Geology of the Nipigon Basin, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir No. 1, 152p. -133-

OCCURRENCE # 39 SHUNIAH (DUNCAN) MINE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Major: Calcite, quartz, fluorite, argentite, silver Minor: sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite

ROCK ASSOCIATION: Archean metasediments and metavolcanics, together with Animikie metasediments and Keewatin metavolcanics, underlie the area. A Keweenawan diabase sill is present. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite-quartz-fluorite vein LOCATION: This old mining location lies within the City of Thunder Bay on Lots 8 and 9, Mcintyre Township. Lat: 48'28'39 nN Long: 89*12 I 13"W NTS: 52A/06/NE ACCESS: From the junction of Highways 11-17B (Arthur Street), 11-17 (Expressway) and 61, travel east via Highway 11-17 for 14 km (8.7 mi). Then turn left (north) on the gravel road which leads to a radio tower located between the mine dumps. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The vein at the Shuniah Mine strikes east-west and dips vertically to steeply south. The vein is 6.1 to 9.1 m (20-30 ft) wide on surface but seems to pinch out towards the west. Several cross veins about 2 m (6 ft) wide also occur. The main vein fills a fault zone and brecciates the wall rock. Three dumps of vein material were located at the Shuniah site. The first is about 180 m (600 feet) north of the radio tower. The other two dumps are about 180 m (600 feet) and 360 m (120 m) to the west. A trench and a caved-in shaft are at the second dump. The site of the old Shuniah Mine has been largely rehabilitated by bulldozing the dumps and filling in the old workings. MINERALIZATION: The most abundant vein material seen in the dumps of the Shuniah Mine is calcite, which occurs as coarse, white crystals. Grey and pink varieties of calcite are also present. Quartz is common in white and amethystine varieties. Some fluorite, in dark green cubic crystals, is present in the dumps. The most abundant sulphide present is pyrite, which occurs as irregular massive aggregates or splotches. Other metallic minerals are chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite, which occur in minor amounts. Native silver and argentite were mined at the Shuniah Mine. -134-

N

Township

Hwy 11-17 (Expressway)

LEGEND •^ Vein * Sample Location S Trail

Figure 19 : Sketch map of the former Shuniah (Duncan) Mine -135-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: The following analyses originate from "in situ" sampling of the Shuniah Mine vein, as shown on the sketch map (Fig. 19). Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. 011 013 014

Si02 2.09 2.34 18.7 A1203 0.11 0.17 0.38 Fe 203 0.09 0.00 0.24 MgO 0.12 0.13 0.18 CaO 54.4 53.2 44.5 Na20 0.12 0.14 0.06 *20 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti02 0 - 00 0.00 0.03 ?2O5 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.41 0.57 0.62 BaS04 o.05 0.03 0.10 L.O.I. 42.6 42.4 35.3 Total 100.05 99.0 100.1 Analyses by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto.

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1867: Vein was discovered - surface work in form of trenching 1867-1868: Two shafts sunk to 9 and 18 m (30 and 60 ft); from deeper shaft a crosscut was driven across the vein and silver mined 1870: Mine reopened and main shaft sunk to 40 m (135 ft) ; several drifts and crosscuts driven. Also, more surface trenching was carried out. Some ore was mined. 1873-1881: Actively mined and vein followed to a vertical depth of about 215 m (720 ft). 1921-1922: Crosscut surface trenches were dug. Surface exploration is carried out along vein for a distance of 2.4 km (1 1/2 miles). CURRENT OWNERSHIP: City of Thunder Bay. REFERENCE MAPS: G. S. C. Map 198A, Fort William and Port Arthur Sheet, 1928. ODM Map # 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet 1:253440 (1 inch to 4 miles) . -136-

OCCURRENCE # 40 SILVER MOUNTAIN OCCURRENCES (WEST END SILVER MINE - EAST END SILVER MINE) COMMODITY: Major: calcite, barite Minor: silver, zinc, lead, fluorite, quartz ROCK ASSOCIATION: Animikie shale of the Rove Formation is capped by a Keweenawan diabase sill which is up to 30 m (100 ft) thick. A fault zone trending east-west contains composite veins up to 2 m (6 ft) wide in the diabase and a stockwork of veins locally reaching 31 m (100 ft) in width in the shale. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite-barite vein LOCATION: The Silver Mountain Mines are about 56 km (35 mi) southwest of Thunder Bay, in Lots 10, 11 and 12, Con. II, Lyster Township. Lat: 48 e 15'00"N Long: 89*52'02"W NTS: 52A/04/SW ACCESS: From Thunder Bay, travel west on Highway 11-17 for 20.8 km (12.9 mi) to Highway 588 to village of Nolalu. 9.6 km (6 mi) past Nolalu turn south on Highway 593 for 1.75 km (1.1 mi). Here a gravel road leads for 0.65 km (0.4 mi) to the West End Silver Mine. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The workings of the old West End Silver Mine have been largely rehabilitated by filling the shafts and trenches. Caution is recommended in the area, especially in the vicinity of the No. 2 shaft which has not been filled in completely. The East End No. 3 shaft is fenced with barbed wire which should not be crossed, as the edges of the shaft are of loose till. The shaft is very deep and the water table is at considerable depth. The East End Mine adit entrance is still partially open but the supporting timbers are very rotten and entering the adit is inadvisable. The best exposure of the Silver Mountain vein is at the West End Silver Mine. Here the vein varies from 2.5 to 3.2 m (8-10 ft) in width, strikes N70*E and dips steeply towards the north. In the vicinity of the West End No. 1 shaft the contact between the Rove shales and the diabase cap can be seen. The vein here is 2 - 2.5m (6-8 ft) wide and can be seen to cut both the shale and diabase. The vein is exposed in a number of old trenches, shafts, and open cuts along strike for a considerable distance. A number of concrete foundations are found along the strike of the vein indicating the extent of the development work during mining operations. -137-

There is a large dump at the No. 2 shaft of the West End Mine, containing possibly as much as 4,000 tons. This dump contains mostly waste country rock from development work, with a very small portion of vein material. There is a smaller .dump at the No. 1 shaft of approximately 500 tons which contains a greater amount of vein material but again consists mostly of waste country rock. The East End Mine was once mined for calcite and barite for stucco dressing which might account for lack of vein material in the dump areas. The dump at the east End Mine contains mostly waste country rock. The No. 3 shaft of the East End Mine is most readily reached from the West End property. It is located about 1 km (0.6 mi) east of the West End No. 1 shaft. Exposure of the vein at the east End Mine is poor. Vein material was observed in two test pits along an old trail and in the dump immediately below the adit. The East End Mine area is largely overgrown, however concrete foundations of the old mining facilities are still visible. MINERALIZATION: At the West End Silver Mine, the largest calcite vein averages over 1.5 m (5 ft) in width. The hanging wall of this main vein is cut by numerous calcite stringers representing the source of the silver mineralization. The footwall of the large vein was never extracted because it did not contain any ore. Barite is also an important constituent of the main vein. In one of the pits or trenches it appears to occupy the central part of the vein separating, on both sides, a mixture of calcite and barite. Minerals exposed in the vein or in the rubble in the dump areas include calcite, barite, fluorite (both deep purple and green varieties), white quartz (and pale amethystine quartz), and some chalcopyrite and galena. At the East End Mine several isolated outcrops of the vein consisting chiefly of massive calcite can be seen in old pits and trenches. Good samples of calcite vein material are found at the East End shaft, in an extensive area of dumped material. SIZE AND GRADE: The vein system can be followed for 3.2 km (2 mi). The largest vein averaged over 1.5 m (5 ft) in width. Vertical depths of workings extend over 78 m (250 ft). 1949: One estimate was 250,000 tons at "mineable grade" of Ag, Zn, Pb and calcium fluoride. 1954: Indications of 60,000 t at 5.0 oz/t Ag, 12.0% fluorspar (NM 28/10/54). -138-

0 40 O 800m 1 1 1

0 0.25 O.Smi. 1 1 1

Sampl. No. 0490(7* 's'

Sample location

Figure 20? Sketch map of the Silver Mountain (West End and East End) mines occurrences. -139-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Below are descriptions and analyses of samples taken from the West End and East End Silver Mines. See accompanying sketch map (Fig. 20) for sample locations. Sample No. 017 barite-calcite vein material, dump area, Shaft No. 1 West End Mine. No. 025 Massive calcite vein material, dump area, No. 3 shaft, East End Mine. No. 027 Calcite-fluorite vein material, dump area, Shaft No. 1 West End Mine. No. 029 Calcite-fluorite-quartz vein material, dump area, Shaft No. 1, West End Mine. No. 030 Massive barite vein material from pit or trench, West End Mine. No. 047 Calcite-quartz vein material, dump area, adit area. East End Mine No. 049 Calcite vein material, trench east of shaft along road, East End Mine. Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 017 025 027 029 030 047 049

Si02 7.66 3.07 4.68 11.2 1.81 9.71 7.42 A1 203 0.67 0.11 . 0.13 0.12 1.05 0.44 0.15 Fe2o3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.24 0.15 0.10 CaO 17.1 54.0 51.2 47.8 0.96 50.4 52.9 Na20 0.57 0.13 0.22 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.11 K20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Ti02 0.16 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 P2O5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.03 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.10 0.11 BaSO4 53.0 0.02 0.23 0.03 91.8 0.09 0.02 L.O.I. 14.3 42.6 40.7 38.4 0.3 37.6 37.6 Total 93.51 100.1 97.6 97.8 96.5 98.7 98.4 Analyses by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. -140-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1885: (East End) Considerable exploration and development work carried out. 1886: (East End) Some development work was done in the upper tunnel. 1886- 1892: (East End) Development work was carried out. 1887: (West End) 2 shafts had been sunk and also a pit. 1898- 1903: (West End) Sporadic mining. 1924: (West End) Mined for stucco dressing. Development includes: Three shafts (No. 2 shaft to No. 2 level or tunnel), 80-ft winze connecting two levels or tunnels, cross-cuts and 4 pits. Vertical depth of workings to 250 ft. HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1984: Mr. Oliver Dounais 1885: (East End) Leased to American industrialists 1886: (East End) The Silver Mountain Mine Company of Liverpool, England 1886: (West End) Bonded by the Silver Mountain Mine Company 1887: (West End) Litigation and stoppage of work 1924: (West End) Leased by Tyee Stucco Works Company 1948: Mcwilliams - Beardmore Mines Limited 1954: Jem Exploration Corporation Limited 1965: Mcwilliams Beardmore Mines Limited CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Ministry of Education (Lakehead University). REFERENCE MAPS: G.S.C. Map 276 A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 G.S.C. Map 213 A, Kakabeka Sheet, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, 1928 ODM Map Silver Mountain Area, 1911 -141-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Bow, J.A. 1898: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines Vol. VII, Pt. 1, p.35-84. Corkhill, E.T. 1908: Mines of Ontario, Ontario Bureau of Mines; Report No. 17, 1907, p.70. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1981: Canadian Mineral Deposits Not Being Mined in 1980, Updated as Deposits Not Being Mined in 1981; Mineral Policy Sector Internal Report MRI 80/7 by National Mineral Inventory Section, Mineral Supply Branch, Ottawa. Ingall, E.D. 1888: Mines and Mining on Lake Superior; Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report 1887-1888,. Pt. II, p.1-131. Miller, W.G. 1903: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Report of the Bureau of Mines 1903; p.73-107. Northern Miner, Northern Miner Press Ltd., October 28, 1954 Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -142-

OCCURRENCE # 41 SOUTH MCKELLAR ISLAND OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Major: barite, calcite Minor: fluorite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, silver ROCK ASSOCIATION: A Keweenawan diabase dike intrudes rocks of the Lower Gunflint Formation. The dike trends northeast from McKellar Point on the mainland, and forms part of the coastal group of islands along the northwest shore of Lake Superior. CLASSIFICATION: Composite barite-calcite vein LOCATION: South McKellar Island is situated in Lake Superior about 22 km (18 mi) southeast of Thunder Bay and directly south of Pie Island. Lat: 48 0 11 I 10"N Long: 89*07'45 M W NTS: 52A/03/NE ACCESS: South McKellar Island is accessible by boat from Sturgeon Bay on the northwest shore of Lake Superior, or by boat or float-equipped aircraft from Thunder Bay. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The South McKellar deposit has been described in detail by a number of authors including Ingall (1888), Tanton (1931), and Guillet (1963); thus only a brief description is given here. This is the largest known composite vein occurrence in the region. It cuts a northeast-trending diabase dike which forms a number of islands along the northwest shore of Lake Superior. The vein is from 13 to 20 m (40 to 60 ft) wide and 150 m (450 ft) long. It strikes north 45 degrees west and dips vertically, crossing the island near its middle and widest point. The old workings consist of an adit about 47 m (150 ft) long connected to a shaft 41 m (130 ft) deep. A cross-cut about 20 m (60 ft) long crosses the vein and one open-cut. MINERALIZATION: The vein consists mineralogically of two sections. The first is the major part of the vein, consisting of coarse crystalline barite and calcite. In this section, barite is the major mineral, constituting up to 90 percent of the vein material. The second section is composed of 80 percent calcite. Some quartz and associated purple fluorite also occur, along with a few metallic minerals including sphalerite, galena, pyrite and a little silver. For a detailed description of the South McKellar Island deposit the reader is referred to Guillet (1963, p.8 to 11). -143-

Lake N Superior

Open cut-*. Adit

Superior

Figure 21: Sketch map of the South McKellar Island calcite barite vein (modified after Guillet, 1963). -144-

The vein was mined for barite in the late 1880's and constitutes a major source of good quality barite and calcite in the region. * SIZE AND GRADE: Guillet (1963, p.10-11) reported the "vein would appear to represent about 50,000 tons of a barite-calcite mixture above lake level." ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Results of D.D.H. 67-1 analyses by L.V. Loma Chemical Co. Ltd., 1967, are given below:

Footage BaSO4JL 247-249 56.8 249-261 28.0 261-273 41 .8 273-285 58.4 285-300 51.8 (Resident Geologist's Assessment Work Files, Thunder Bay, Ontario). The following grab samples were taken from the open-cut area of the South McKellar Island deposit (Fig. 21), and analysed by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. 052 053 054

SiO2 0.56 0.31 0.23 A1 203 0.72 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 1.28 8.45 0.09 CaO 13.3 33.2 55.8 Na2O 0.67 0.30 0.21 K20 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO2 0.20 0.03 0.00 P205 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.17 0.68 0.01 BaSO4 58.4 14.0 0.14 L.O.I. 13.5 36.5 43.7 Total 88.8 93.8 100.2 Sample No. 052 is massive barite and calcite. Sample No. 053 is massive calcite and barite. Sample No. 054 is massive calcite. -145-

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1869 discovered by the McKellar Brothers in a search for silver, the vein was subsequently developed from a shaft 39 m (130 ft) deep, an adit 45 m (150 ft) long and a cross-cut 18m (60 ft) long. 1885 1894 shipments totalling 8,402 tons of hand-cobbed barite were reported by the United States Baryta Company of Cleveland, Ohio. 1894 The Duluth Barytes Company shipped 500 tons of barite. 1967 1 diamond drill hole totalling 90 m (309 ft) drilled by L.V. Loma Chemical Company Ltd. 1968 Extender Minerals of Canada Limited. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Extender Minerals of Canada Limited REFERENCE MAPS: G.S.C. Map 176A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931 O.D.M. Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, 1965 P.G.M. Lakehead-Shebandowan Sheet, P.177 - 1 inch to 2 miles SELECTED REFERENCES: Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Industrial Mineral Report No. 10, 42p. Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. Tanton, T.L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur and Thunder Cap Map Areas, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -146-

OCCURRENCE # 142 SPAR ISLAND OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Major: barite, calcite, quartz Minor: native silver, argentite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, cobalt arsenides, fluorite, witherite ROCK ASSOCIATION: The vein cuts a complex of Keweenawan diabase sills and dikes which intrude the Rove Formation shales and wackes. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite-barite vein. LOCATION: Spar Island is situated in Lake Superior approximately 35 km (22 mi) south of'Thunder Bay and about 3.2 km (2 mi) south of Mink Point. Lat: 48 0 06'10"N Long: 89 0 17 I 07"W NTS: 52A/03/SW ACCESS: Spar Island is accessible by boat from Sturgeon Bay on the northwest shore of Lake Superior or by boat or float-equipped aircraft from Thunder Bay. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The vein crosses the western part of Spar Island and cuts a complex of diabase sills and dikes which intrude Rove Formation metasediments. The vein is best exposed on the south side of the island where it is about 5m (16 ft) wide and can be traced southeast for about 94 m (300 ft) into the lake. It is exposed for about 19 m (60 ft) on shore along a strike of 160*. The dip of the vein is almost vertical. MINERALIZATION: Guillet (1963, p.12) has described the mineralization of the vein exposed on the south shore of the island as follows: "The vein material is predominantly coarse white calcite; white or pale pink barite constitutes about 25 percent, and quartz 10 percent. Narrow parallel stringers are present in places, and fragments of wallrock are not uncommon in the vein material" and :....."The vein is symmetrically banded about a central 2-foot rib of barite. The coarse barite laminae are cross-oriented with respect to the vein walls, but a pink-and-white colour- banding is superimposed on the laminae and is parallel to the walls. Fine disseminated sulphides are present in a 2-inch zone on both sides of the barite rib. A 4-1/2 foot interval separates the central barite rib and the vein wall on one side, and a horse of diabase on the other. It is composed mostly of a massive assemblage of coarse white calcite, colourless quartz, and white barite in the proportion of 70, 20, and 10 percent respectively. A zone of irregular width, varying up to 2 feet, is in contact with the diabase, and consists of poorly-oriented creamy- white barite crystals. On the east side, a 2-foot horse of diabase separates the main body of the vein from a 3-foot -147-

• Santplclio. 059

diabase Superio r 10 2Oft

Figure 22'Sketch map of the Spar Island vein (modified after Guillet, 1963). -148-

zone of banded calcite and barite. Coarse white calcite constitutes 90 percent of the zone, but barite is present in the form of thin ribs running lengthwise." ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 055 through 059 were taken from 5 different mineralized portions of the vein (see sketch. Fig.22) and analyses are given below:

Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample No. No. No. No. No. 055 056 057 058 059

Si02 1-58 0.54 0.73 2.66 A1 203 0.99 0.10 1.06 0.09 Fe2O3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.10 CaO 2.88 53.0 0.58 53.8 Na2o 1.10 0.16 1.13 0.14 K^O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti02 0.27 0.12 0.33 0.00 P2Os 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 BaS04 69.1 0.05 95.4 0.12 L.O.I. 2.6 43.3 0.7 42.5 Total 78.55 97.4 100.0 99.5 95.1 Analyses by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1846-47: An open cut was driven westerly for 20 m (65 ft) from the southwest point of Spar Island; 225 m (750 ft) further inland, 2 shafts 7 m (24 ft) and 14 m (47 ft) deep were sunk. A tunnel 50 m (163 ft) long was driven towards the shafts 15m (50 ft) below the collar of the higher shaft. It was reported that a winze was driven 15-18 m (50 to 60 ft) below this level. A shaft 27 m (90 ft) deep is reported to have been sunk on the vein. 1866: Worked for copper. There is no record of further work. However, some operations undoubtedly were carried on after the turn of the century. Several large waste dumps indicate considerable underground development. Two old boilers and a rail tramway also indicate significant activity. No production figures are available for barite or calcite. -149-

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT: 1846: Colonel J. Prince 1848-49: British North America Company 1856: Montreal Mining Company 1871: Ontario Mineral Lands Company 1968: Airways Explorations Limited CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership. REFERENCE MAPS: ODM Crooks Township, Jarvis and Prince Locations and Offshore Islands # 2250, 1:31680 (1 inch - 1/2 mile). ODM Atikokan - Lakehead Sheet #2065, 1:253440 (1 inch - 4 miles). ODM Cloud Bay Area (East Part) # P530 (1 inch - 1/4 mile) SELECTED REFERENCES: Geul, J.J.C. 1973: Geology of Crooks Township, Jarvis and Prince Locations and Offshore Islands, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, GR102, 46p. Guillet, G.R. 1963: Barite in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 10, 42p. Sergiades, A.O. 1968: Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular No. 10, 498p. -150-

OCCURRENCE # 43 SURPRISE LAKE MARL OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Surprise Lake east of Highway 599 about 70 km SE of Sioux Lookout and 50 km NE of Ignace Lat: 49 0 44'35"N Long: 91*11 I 00"W NTS: 52G/11, 52G/14 -ACCESS: Access to the showing is via Highway 599 north from Ignace, Ontario. Surprise Lake lies just east of the highway and can be reached by logging roads around either the north or south ends of the lake; the roads connect on the east side where they intersect the railroad tracks. The main showing is abo.ut 150 m (500 ft) west of this intersection. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The area surrounding the marl deposit is shown on S. Zoltai's surficial geology map S165 as underlain by an esker delta complex partly modified by wave action. Rock outcrop is scarce, as shown on Preliminary Geological Map P.525. Relief in the area of the marl is about 10 m (35 ft) increasing to 30 m (100 ft) at the north end of Surprise Lake. Total depth to bedrock may be considerably greater. MINERALIZATION: The marl in the vicinity of the swamp area north of the CNR tracks is creamy white, very fine grained and dense. Two holes tested by a soil probe indicated the thickness varied from 90-127 cm (40 to 50 in). Although hard when dry, the marl appears thixotropic in the wet state. A black humus layer up to 15 cm (6 in) thick overlies the marl bed. The upper 25 cm (10 in) of marl are penetrated by tree roots. The lower part of the bed is very clean and white. Where the deposit was penetrated by augering black silty sand was found underlying the marl bed. No bedding was noted in the central part of the deposit but interbedded sand and peat occur at the edges. Clam and snail shells are present throughout the deposit. Reconnaissance of Surprise Lake revealed that a large portion of the south part of the lake is underlain by marl. Only one area in the northern part of the lake in the large bay on the west side is known to be underlain by marl. Most of the northern part of the lake is underlain by sand and gravelly sand, probably derived from the esker delta complex. -151-

vej M a r l Sample location Bridge

49044'00" -ft— ^ Crystal Lake

0 4OO 800 m V f i "b 0 0. 25 0.5 ^0 L. ' f o*"

Figure 23-Sketch map of the Surprise Lake marl occurrence -152-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION:

Sample No. Sample No. F-14-81 187

Si02 2.29 5.41 A12O3 0.66 1.19 Fe2 03 0.16 0.14 MgO 0.84 1.00 CaO 52.06 , 46.1 S 0.02 0.26 LOI 43.50 0.11 Total: 99.53% Analysis by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey. Sample 103 is from the narrows at the south end of Surprise Lake. Sample 104 was taken from the east bay in the south end of the lake. Sample locations are shown on the accompanying map (Fig. 23) and the analyses of the samples are given below. Sample No. 103 104 MgO CaO L.O.I. Total: 98.52 65.96 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto, 1981. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: A small quantity of marl has been extracted to treat potting soil produced by the permittee. DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTIONS: Since the flow of water in the Crystal River system, although not large, is to the south, it would require extensive engineering to extract material from the south part of Surprise Lake. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: Mr. D. Atkinson of Sioux Lookout presently holds a parcel of land containing approximately 4 hectares (10 acres) north of the CNR tracks east of Surprise Lake. -153-

REFERENCE MAPS: Mollard, D.G. 1980: Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Data Base Map, Press lake, Ontario Geological Survey, Map 5062, Scale 1:100,000. O.D.M. Sioux Lookout-Armstrong Sheet. Geological Compilation Series, Kenora and Thunder Bay Districts, Scale 1 inch to 4 miles. Trowell, N.F. 1969: Watcomb Clarkton Area (east half), District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines, Preliminary Geological Map P525, scale 1 inch to 1/4 mile. Zoltai, S. 1960: Kenora-Rainy River Surficial Geology Map S 165; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Scale 1 inch to 8 miles or 1:506,880. -154-

OCCURRENCE # 44 TASHOTA OCCURRENCE OCCURRENCE #45 THOMPSON ISLAND OCCURRENCE OCCURRENCE #46 THUNDER BAY MINE OCCURRENCE OCCURRENCE #47 TYEE STUCCO WORKS

For descriptions of these occurrences see "Minor Occurrences" -155-

OCCURRENCE # 48 WABIKON LAKE MARBLE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Limestone - marble ROCK ASSOCIATION: Limestone and dolostone of the Rossport Formation of the Sibley Group. CLASSIFICATION: Metamorphosed sediments of Late Precambrian Age. LOCATION: The showing occurs on mining claim TB535374 on the southwest shore of Wabikon Lake in the vicinity of mile 70, Highway No. 527 (Spruce River Road). Lat: 49 0 20 I 00"N Long: 89*21 '30"W NTS: 52H/06/SW ACCESS: Access can be gained through a gravel pit road, east of Highway #527, which terminates within 365 m (1200 ft) of the south end of Wabikon Lake. An old road joins the most easterly gravel pit with the lake and from that point a trail follows the west shore to the Lundmark claim. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: This carbonate showing has limited exposure. The showing consists of a white to reddish-white limestone of the Rossport Formation of -the Sibley Group. The red-tinted limestone occurs at the lake shore, with the best exposure having a thickness of approximately 3m (10 ft) and grading upward into the white limestone, however, exposure is limited to three small outcrops. Just south of the main showing and for several hundred metres south along the west shore of Wabikon Lake, calcareous mudstones occur intercalated with shale. This unit is horizontally banded, with individual layers varying from white to grey to red. The shale is invariably dark grey to black. A diabase outcrop occurs just west of the No. 1 post of Claim TB535374 (Milne 1964) . MINERALIZATION: Calcite and brucite are the main constituents of the slightly impure carbonate. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: One sample submitted in 1964 by F. Koosel to the Department of Mines laboratory for analysis produced the following results: Sample No. 7905 Si02 1 Fe2O3 0.1 8% A1203 Q.80% CaO 35.10% MgO 22.65% -156-

Wabikon

V Lake

fTB 535374 white brucitic marble—*tfb5ample No. 100 wavy banded dolomite Sample No. 101 L ~—.. u mudstone 49 0 20'00'

Gravel Pits

Figure 24-'Sketch map of the Wabikon Lake limestone occurrence. -157-

An X-ray examination showed the sample to consist of calcite and brucite with minor silicate minerals, including serpentine and montmorillonite. The analysis was then recalculated to provide the following normative mineral composition: Calcite (CaCOs) 62. Brucite (Mg(OH)2) 32.84% Silicate 2.78% Analysis by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological. Survey, Toronto. *. Two samples of limestone were analysed from the Wabikon Lake occurrence. Sample 100 is a fine-grained, white-coloured brucitic marble. Sample 101 is a very hard, very fine grained, greyish-white dolostone showing a waxy texture. Analyses of these samples are given below. Locations are shown on the accompanying sketch map (Fig. 24). Sample No. Sample No. 100 101

Si02 3.51 2.54 A12O3 0.47 0.48 Fe203 0.00 0.26 MgO 23.3 21.9 CaO 34.0 29.6 Na2O 0.15 0.00 K20 0.00 0.00 TiO2 O- 00 0.02 P205 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.15 0.14 L.O.I. 38.9 44.5 Total: 100.5 99.4 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1964: 3 diamond drill holes totalling 26 m (84.6 feet) in former claim TB111119 by F. Koosel, Resident Geologist's Assessment Work Files, Thunder Bay, Ontario).

HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP: 1964: Originally staked by Fred Koosel of Thunder Bay 1966: Restaked by Fred Koosel 1977: Staked by H. Lundmark of Thunder Bay 1979: Restaked by H. Lundmark -158-

CURRENT OWNERSHIP: H. Landmark of Thunder Bay presently holds claim TB535374 in the Wabikon Lake area. REFERENCE MAPS: O.D.M. Map 2058 Garden Lake area, east Half, Thunder Bay District, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. O.D.M. Claim Map No. M-2906, Area of Wabikon Lake, scale: 1 inch to 1/2 mile O.D.M. Map. 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, Geological Compilation Series, 1964, scale: 1:253440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. SELECTED REFERENCES: Milne, V.G. 1964: Geology of the Garden Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay, Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report No. 25, 21 p. Accompanied by Geological Map No. 2058, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -159-

OCCURRENCE # 49 WAWONG LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments LOCATION: Wawong Lake is located about 8 km (5 mi) east of Kowkash on the CNR mainline, in the southeast corner of Rupert Township about 22 km (14 mi) west-northwest of Nakina. Lat: 50 0 15'00"N Long: 87*00'00"W NTS: 42L2/NW, L3/NE, L6/SE r and L7/SW ACCESS: Wawong Lake is accessible by road from Geraldton, north via Highway 589 to Highway 643. It is north of Highway 643 between Aroland and Cavell on the CNR mainline. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: There is no outcrop in the Wawong Lake area. The glacial geology (Map S265) consists of a complex of Recent glacial deposits of ground moraine, outwash deposits of sand and gravel, and eskers. These deposits generally consist of poorly sorted, stratified sand and gravel, plus till, and are locally carbonate-rich due to the presence of Paleozoic limestone clasts (Zoltai 1967). Wawong lake has an irregular shape and contains numerous bays and islands, with only two narrows connecting the west, central and east parts of the lake. The first reference to the possible occurrence of marl in the Wawong Lake was given by Hopkins (1917, p.215) where he wrote:"The water in the Wawong Lake; as the Indian name implies, is very clear and of a peculiar green colour". MINERALIZATION: Marl appears to underlie most of Wawong Lake from airphoto interpretation, but the major deposit occurs in an arm connecting the most westerly part with the west-central part of the lake. This arm is very shallow (only 15 cm (6 in) or less of water), making travel from the east to the central part of the lake difficult. In the southwest part of the lake, the marl contains sand near shore, but becomes less sand-rich in deeper water. Here the marl consists of soft, greyish brown coloured earthy material. The marl in the arm connecting the west with the central part of the lake is at least 2 m (6 ft) thick and is probably underlain by sand. Here the marl consists of an oozy, water-saturated lime mud overlying tan brown to grey-coloured, soft earthy material. In the northwest part of the lake the marl is at least 4.7 m (15 ft) thick and is mostly of water-saturated lime mud. Only the south, west and central parts of the lake were explored for marl due to size of the lake and weather conditions at the time of the visit. -160-

It is interesting to note that no shell remains were observed in any of the samples taken from Wawong Lake. This is peculiar since remnants of recent organisms were found in other marl lakes in the general area. ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Samples 090 through 093 were analysed for their calcium content. The silica content of the samples varies greatly as shown in the analytical results listed below. Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. Sample No. 090 091 092 093

Si02 9.46 57.6 2.55 9.65 A1203 1.58 7.98 0.54 1.78 Fe 203 0.53 1.38 0.29 1.12 MgO 0.99 0.09 0.71 0.80 CaO 38.6 12.8 51.5 30.7 0.10 1.91 0.00 0.00 K20 0.36 1.46 0.08 0.40 TiO2 0.06 O . 28 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.08 MnO 0.04 .0.03 0.05 0.03 L.O.I. 43.5 15.6 46.5 51.9 Total 93.3 100.0 102.2 96.5 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No past or current record of development. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No past or present record of ownership REFERENCE MAPS: Kowkash-Ogoki Area, Map #40F, 1: 126,720 (1 inch - 2 miles). P.G.M. Ogoki Lake Sheet, map #P.274, 1 inch - 2 miles ODM Map 2102 Tashota-Geraldton Sheet 1965, scale 1 inch to 4 miles O.G.S. Map P. 1535, Ontario Mineral Potential, Nakina Sheet, scale 1:250,000. Map S265, Ontario Dept. of Lands and Forests, Thunder Bay Surficial Geology, 1965, scale 1 inch to 8 miles. -161-

SELECTED REFERENCES: Guillet, G.R. 1969: Marl in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Minerals Report No. 28, 137p. Hopkins, P.E. 1917: The Kowkash Gold Area; Twenty-Sixth Annual Report, Ontario Bureau of Mines, Vol. 26, No. 4, p.190-226. Kindle, L.F. 1931: Kowkash-Ogoki Gold Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, Vol. 40, Pt.4, p.55-104. Zoltai, S.C. 1967: Glacial Features of the North Central Lake Superior Region, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 4, p.515-528. -162-

OCCURRENCE # 50 WEST BEAVER MINE OCCURRENCE See also "Minor Occurrences" COMMODITY: Major: calcite- Minor: quartz, fluorite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and argentite ROCK ASSOCIATION: Calcite vein in Rove Formation shales and a Keweenawan diabase sill. CLASSIFICATION: Composite calcite vein LOCATION: The old West Beaver Mine is located on former mining location T. 140 in O'connor Township about 47 m (150 feet) east of Highway 588, and about 1.2 km (0.75 mi) west of the old Beaver Mine. Lat: 48 e 19'00"N Long: 89 e 39'00"W NTS: 52A/05/SE ACCESS: Access to the old West Beaver Mine is by road from the junction of Highways 11-17B, 11-17 and 61. Go west on Highway 11-17 for 20.8 km (12.9 mi) to Highway 588. Follow Highway 588 south for 10.8 km (6.7 mi). A path leads southeast to an old adit and dump. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: The former West Beaver Mine lies on the north side of a hill of flat-lying shale overlain by a diabase sill. The vein strikes N 75 to 80" E and dips 70* towards the southeast. The vein is only 30 cm to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft) wide and occupies a fault zone. The entire zone is only 1.2 m (4 feet) wide with brecciated vein material occurring on both sides of the solid core of calcite. The adit opening is closed by caving and slumping of overburden. A dump lies just below and to the west of the adit. MINERALIZATION: The vein material is primarily coarsely crystalline white calcite, with some clear and amethystine quartz. Minor minerals include green and purple fluorite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and argentite. -163-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Sample No. 044 is a grab sample of massive white crystalline calcite from the West Beaver Mine vein. The analysis of the sample is given below: Sample No. 044

Si02 0.49 A12O3 0.13 F6203 0.00 MgO 0.10 CaO *. 54.8

K20 0.00 TiO2 0.00 ?205 0.00 MnO 0.13 BaS04 o.05 L.O.I. 43.4 Total 99.3 Analysis by Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto.

DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: 1885-86: worked in 3 cross-cut tunnels, about 60 m (200 ft) apart driven into the base of the hill about 122 m (40 ft) below the outcrops of the southeasterly dipping vein. from the ends of the two tunnels, drifts were driven into the vein for a total of 18 m (60 ft). CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of present ownership REFERENCE MAPS: G. S. C. Map No. 231 A, Kakabeka Sheet, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, 1928. G. S. C. Map 276A, Thunder Bay Silver Area, 1931. SELECTED REFERENCES: Tanton, T. L. 1931: Fort William and Port Arthur, and Thunder Cape Map Areas, District of Thunder Bay; Canada Department of Mines, Memoir 167, 222p. -164-

OCCURRENCE # 51: WOLFPUP LAKE OCCURRENCE COMMODITY: Marl (travertine/tufa) CLASSIFICATION: Recent fresh-water sediments. LOCATION: Wolfpup Lake is located in the southwest part of McMaster Township. Lat: 48 0 57'30"N Long: 88 0 40'00"W NTS: 52A/15/NE ACCESS: Access is by road from Highway 11-17, north on the "Black Sturgeon road for about 13 km (8 mi) where a westerly trending bush road leads to the southwest end of Wolfpup Lake. DESCRIPTION: GEOLOGY: Wolfpup Lake is a north-south oriented lake, with the extreme southerly part of the lake underlain by marl. A small bay in the northerly part also contains marl. There is very little outcrop in the vicinity of Wolfpup Lake. The geology as shown on Coates (1972) map consists of a few scattered outcrops of Sibley Group sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and shale.* The southern end of Wolfpup Lake is very shallow, sometimes containing less than 30 cm (12 in) of water, and there are logs lying on the bottom, which make travel with outboard motors difficult. The central and northern parts of the lake are deeper. MINERALIZATION: The marl along the southwest shore of Wolfpup Lake consists of grey to greyish-white soft earthy material containingnumerous small clam and snail shells (see Appendix A). The marl is overlain by a 2-3 cm (0.8-1.2 in) layer of organic material and reaches a maximum of 89 cm (35 in). The marl also contains small roots and wood fiber. In the south central part of the lake the marl is at least 2 m (6 ft) thick. The top portion is tan-brown to beige water-saturated, oozy, lime mud. It is a medium grey colour at depth. When dry the colour is light grey to off-white. The marl is at least 3 m (10 ft) deep in the north bay of the lake and is similar in composition and fossil content to that found in the south part. The central and north central parts of the lake are too deep to determine the presence of marl. -165-

••m*** Ne. 479

Figure 25 Sketch map of the Wolfpup Lake marl occurrence.

LEGEND

^ Marl * Sample location •^•Bridge -166-

ASSAYS OF MINERALIZATION: Two samples of marl from Wolf pup Lake were analysed for their mineral and fossil content. The analyses are listed below. The fossil contents are given in Appendix A. The locations of the samples are shown on the accompanying sketch map (Fig. 29). Sample No. Sample No. 070 072

SiO2 7.33 4.16 A1203 0.82 0.67 Fe203 0.37 0.36 MgO 1.23 1.39 CaO 41.6 47.5 Na2o 0.00 0 - 00 K20 0.21 0.16 TiO2 0.02 0 - 02 ^205 0.02 0.01 MnO 0.09 0.04 L.O.I. 48.75 45.9 Total 100.4 100.2 Analyses by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: No record of past or present development. CURRENT OWNERSHIP: No record of past or present ownership. REFERENCE MAPS: ODMNA Map 2236 Shillabeer Creek Sheet, 1972. Scale 1:63,360 or 1 inch to 1 mile. SELECTED REFERENCES: Coates, M. E. 1972: Geology of the Black Sturgeon River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, GR 98, 41 p. Accompanied by Maps 2233, 2234, 2235 and 2236, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. -167-

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Appendix A: List of gastropods and pelecypods (snail and clara shells) found in some of the marl lakes sampled.—-—————-——-—

Location Gastropods and Pelecypods Chara Lake Gyraulus parvus Lymnaea decarapi Heliosoma sp. PisidiuHPsp.

Clover Lake Amnicola limosa Gyraulus parvus Gyroulus parvus Valvara tricarinata Pisidium sp.

Oroakaki Lake Gyraulus parvus Lymnaea cf. de"campi Lymnaea sp. Pisidium sp.

Shillabeer Lake Gyroulus parvus Valvata sincera Valvata tricarTnata Pisidium sp.

Wolfpup Lake Amnicola limosa Gyraulus parvus Gyroulus parvus Lymnaea decampi Valvata tricarinata Gyroulus sp. Pisidium spp. SphaerTum sp.

Sioux lookout

L9ke Nipigon Geraldton

Manitouwadge

38 — •037 4 Nipigo

Fort Frances

HUNGER (BAY LAKE SUPERIOR

MINNESOTA LEGEND

Type of occurrence m vein marl limestone carbonatite Lime market

10 2O 3O 4O SO miles

Map 1 See text for list of occurrences Location Map of Lime Occurrences