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CANADIAN

Supplement to the MANITOBA COLONIST, Winnipeg, Canada. JAN 2 6 1943

WALPOLE ROLAND, C. E-, .. IE.

Topographical PORT ARTHUR, CANADA.

EXAMINER AND VALUATOR FOB THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY.

REFERENCES : AI.I.IAN E BANK AND MINING JOURNAL, London. England :

ENOIVKEKIt-G AND MINING JUl KNAL. >t>W York. U.S.A.: ONTARIO BANK, Port Arthur. Canada. ^ . 1 .- 1 I- 1 C T A T I U H .- U A T K [-I J-v f [v [v

, 8 s ! T I v 1 h Ap p Ul IhhU S I fi& IvE William Bishop & Co.

Port Jlrtliur Illustrated WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ITS PROpUCTS, RESOURCES ATTRACTIONS.

PORT ARTHUR, CANADA, MAY, 1889.

took "we ll call it Prince Arthur s Landing." The name readily among the 200 residents and held until 1874, when the municipality of Shuniah until Introduction. was created and officially fixed the name, which so remained 1883. Then theC.P.R. being under way, the name was changed by their wish to Port Arthur, supposed to be partly as a companion to this work is to the resources and E aim of present Port Moody, the Pacific terminus, and a compliment to Prince Arthur The name of the office was also attractions of Port Arthur and its tributary and partly for President Arthur. post the name changed, and in May, 1884, when the town was incorporated, in an interesting and accurate districts, was finally anil formally adopted. form. It is also intended as a record, which everv resident will be proud and too anxious to own and preserve, and one Important Position. which will reflect honor and credit all lasting Along Water Street, Port Arthur, there daily run through- of the Canadian Pacific the on the It upon his home, and we are confident that trains Railway, greatest globe. is distant 993 miles from the Atlantic ocean, at Montreal on the east, will feel everyone interested in any way, and 1912 miles from the Pacific, at Vancouver on the west. On the about 500 miles and on the south the is the intention to north it has Hudson s Bay, away, a thrill of pride in its production. It not International boundary, at Pigeon river, is distant some 60 miles. It but to at of amaze the reader by brilliant word passages, engage is at the head of navigation on Lake Superior, the greatest body water on the and from its harbor in beautiful tention faithful illustrations with concise and exact state fresh world, splendid by Thunder Bay extends an unbroken water connection to the Straits of ments. This is the first of its kind ever issued in Canada, Belle Isle and the Atlantic, through the other great lakes, the canals, and River St. Lawrerce, a distance of 2260 miles. The difference in and also the most beautiful, complete and expensive. The level between Lake Superior and the point on the St. Lawrence near compiler is not aware of any similar production surpassing Three Rivers, where tidal influence ceases, is about 600 feet. It is the nearest to the fertile of Manitoba it in all America. With this seaport great prairies it, and one that equals only and the Western Territories, and is the supply centre for the extensive to the of the In addition to all these proud distinction, a striking tribute enterprise mineral region in the adjacent country. district and thousand advantages it is the distributing point for Thunder Bay people and proof of faith in their country, these six western Algoma, or an area of 400,000 square miles, being without a errands. lovely messengers speed around the world upon their competitor in that immense territory.

Explanation. For .Healtlj and Pleasure. on the From the original desire to illustrate some of the residences, this There is no healthier region or more beautiful scenery than with its work has grown to its present form. The mature plan included several north shore of Lake Superior. The air is almost intoxicating the cool breezes from the lake render more pictures, but from various causes beyond our control they could clearness and tonic effect, and and restful. The not be had in time. It was intended to show the commercial and every nights sleep, in the hottest summer, certain as and much national importance of Port Arthur partly by groups of its merchants, trip on the lakes is quite as beneficial an ocean voyage, now professional men and Government officials, Civic, Provincial, and less expensive, while the splendid new steel passenger steamships, the of diffidence of others almost render it and most With Federal ; but delay some and the prevented running daily, safe, speedy, enjoyable. the completion of all the groups, and the reader will therefore under these merits it combines close connections with all principal points in and while stand that these illustrations do not comprise all those that should be. the world, and one can easily reach or leave it when desired, business. And The scenery and resources also would have had greater attention in there may be in ready touch with home, friends, and

> will be engravings could sufficient photos been had or the season and time there is also the prospect of mak g an investment that very rich in varied so at command permitted special ones being taken. Few would believe profitable, as the district is new imd very resources, the amount of time, work, thought and money expended, and the care that the head of the family while paying for his family s enjoyment attendant upon a book like this. has an opportunity for reimbursment in a business line.

Origin ef Name. <H Seaside Resort. 1 in a most invit Port Arthur was first called "The Station. In 1870 General Nature seems to have dropped Lake Superior down not the Sea Wolseley came up the lakes with troops on the way to Manitoba, in ing position, and fitted it with every attractive feature. If Indians the Chicora, Capt. McLean. On board also were Mr. Thomas Marks it is "Brother to the Sea" as Crowfoot, chief of the Blackfeet in and Mr. Win. Murdoch, C.E., with his staff to define the line of the expressed it. Of all the beautious spots none excel Thunder Hay Port as the chief Canadian Pacific Railway. Passengers and goods were then lightered scenic or sporting privileges. Here too with Arthur an ashore, there being no docks. Upon leaving the steamer General town, one is within easy reach of all the details of civilization, import also one finds Wolseley asked Mr. Marks the name of the place, and being told, said ant feature, as business men who holiday, know. Here PORT JIRT.HDR, ILLUSTRATED. good hotels, within a few yards of the lovely bay, and in the towns as the trip only occupies about a day. Safely stored in the centre of a people many familiar faces making the visitor feel home-like. Take your tight canoe with a good guide ahead and equally good steersman behind, tickets to Port Arthur and return, including railway and sleeping car, one can enjoy life for awhile. and make a short trip on the lake, say one to three days, to some of With Messrs. H. K. Wickstced, C. K., and J. M. Munro, Registrar, the several interesting points. The whole thing could be done in a both of Port Arthur, and both skilled canoeists, the writer ventured short time and would return more health, pleasure, change, and in his many years of inexperience, and was well repaid, though slightly formation, than perhaps any other available trip, for the moderate dampened about the foundations, Soon after starting, the noise of a amount expended. fall was heard, and the first portage or carry was made, the canoe and contents being carried on shore around the Mokoman falls, where the stream descends some twenty-five feet in the hundred, taking a quick turn through a split rock, into the Mace pool, a long and wide pool, Rielj and varied Jlttraetiens of tfye upon whose calm face lies the creamy foamlace in fretted flakes. As Waters and Reeks. the La Chute was next passed, the setting sun shot directly through the rocky way, its soft, golden rays, and here another carry was made into a charming bay, when, after a short run, the Island rapid and a T THE Port Arthur district has certainly many different attrac good camping place w as reached. Carrying the things up, the engineer soon had a brisk jack pine fire going and the er the bacon tions, its scenery being romantic and very beautiful, its lawj parboiled and then fried it and some eggs in the most artistic manner, and with and fishing abundant and almost untouched. game creamery butter, good bread, canned fruits, opened with the axe, as the naturalist find The geologist, botanist, and here sisted with good appetites, an hour rtew. And as night came on and the shadows the and and and specially interesting research ; there the Laurentian quieting crept up spruce pine poplar, while the ceaseless water lulled the the chat and formation rears its western head in Mount Mackay, falling listening ear, thought grew faint and fainter into sleep. whose thousand feet of timetorn cliff are mirrored In the morning the same succession of rapids, long reaches, and in the charming Kaministiquia river, whose waters engaging scenery were passed through, and small patches of cleared land were seen under cultivation, the soil a loam, some six a few miles above leap one of the most beautiful good clay inches deep. After passing Kcarte fall, quite a heavy descent in several falls in Canada, the excavation of their bed being itself a study. The breaks, by a half-mile carry, and going slowly across a river bay, the of land or water shed separating Hudson s Bay and Lake height Supe roar of the Kakabeka falls was heard ahead, and a long portage had to rior is here in Algoma, and is also the dividing line for much of the be made around it, though stopping half way to visit the falls, some flora and fauna. Many things found in Algoma are not again seen west hundred yards from the path. Including the volume of water, beauty of there until British Columbia is reached. The mulberry, capillaire, of surroundings, and of fall, it is one of the most exquisite spots in blueberry and moss cranberry, among fruits : the brook trout and red Canada, and well deserves a special trip by tourists. Below the falls in and some forms of lesser animal and life. You deer, game, plant came a series of wooded and fern isles in a wide wide lovely edged ; also add the many lovely walks, drives and water trips by canoe may river, a kingfisher dropped from a tree stump and glinted across, a or rail or steamers, with the gathering of wild fruits, rasps, saskatoons, peewit circled out, a pigeon swifted overhead, and a duck dropped gooseberries, strawberries, mulberries, blueberries and cranberries. The lazily down into the smooth water. The bridge of the new railway silver and gold-bearing veins and certain other economic products was the next sign of occupation, and across it teams from the silver are not again found until the Rocky Mountains are reached. The trout mines were passing. At Point do Menron is historic ground, and the alone should draw all who seek new fields and fishing anglers ample site of a farm of the Hudson s Bay Company, soon a bed of water lillies sport, for in the Nepigon and lesser streams as the Blende, Carp, Pigeon. was passed with one perfect flower floating, and now civilization set its Mackenzie, and others, are natural preserves of the gamest speckled foot firmly down and the steam craft, the grain elevators, and the from six ounces to three and five pounds. The writer saw one fly-risers sight of Port Arthur lying on the distant crescent gave warning of the lot from Carp river, thirty in all, only six of which weighed under two close of a charming trip. pounds, the rest being from I wo to three pounds, each. As for the Nepigon, the size of the fish and their plentitude and the exquisite beauty of the river and lake are sweet memories for life, some of the takes that have been made would not be credited by sportsmen accustomed to Distances From Pert

the "tired" waters of older districts. There is a Loch fishing TO MILKS BY KAir,. TO MILKS HY WATER. Lomond on top of Mount Mackay, overlooking the town, which has 430 Dlllllth 180 such trout and grouse sport as would make the travelled sportsmen Winnipeg Vane tuver 1918 Sault Ste. Marie 370 wonder how it could be kept quiet so long, and yet not over half Toronto 857 690 a do/en know of it. The trolling for black bass in Loon lake, and for Chicago Montreal 993 Owen Sound 520 big trout, pickerel and pike in Lake Superior and smaller lakes anil 1165 Sarnia 614 streams in all the district, is abundant and exciting from the size and Quebec Portland 1290 Buffalo 920 vigor of the fish in these cool waters. The gunner may seek cariboo New York 1473 Toronto 980 deer, bears, foxes, geese, ducks, snipe, rabbits, three kinds of grouse, and the fills a rich bill of Halifax 1575 Montreal 1270 and other smaller game ; whole varied charm .St. Paul 840 and benefit. One thing the traveller in this (ireat West might re member with comfort and profit to himself, and that is not to bring as he provisions or other supplies, can buy them at Port Arthur at reasonable prices and suitable to his wants and the country. Bring Tfye Customs. your favorite rifle and gun, your trusty rod and tackle, your hunting suit and gripsack, take a circular letter of credit from your home bank, Port Arthur was formerly a sub-port of Sault Ste Marie, but on for fun and bear. and .Silver Islet and you are "ready July 1st, 1874. was made a port of entry, Fort William being made outports of it at same time. Mr. Peter Nicholson is collec tor, with .1. K. Williams, landing waiter, and J. L. Boyce, clerk. This table shows the growth of the port through its customs work . Running ttye Kaministiquia. Year. Imports. Exports. Duty Collected From its source to its mouth, a constant feast of romantic curves, 1884-,-) ...... 924.591 $4t,310 * 10!), 782 96 green clad banks, and dancing water, with long placid reaches, in which ISS5-6 ...... 283,771 69,068 64.500 36 mirror fairy isles of varied size. One of the joys hereabout is to run 1886-7 ...... 269,367 86,315 70,705.19 of this in a and 40 the many rapids river, canoe, under proper conditions I8S7-8 ...... 421,8111 S!>0,847 85,4:ili it is a pleasure likely to last for some years. The requisites are a good canoe, canoemen, fine weather, genial company and fitting provision. Vessel Tonnage Owned in Pert Jlrttyur. Upon a calm, clear afternoon in August, three of us put a Peterboro canoe in this river at Kaministiquia station, on the Canadian Pacific Steam vessels Algonquin, steel, 2,240 tons, Clyde built, for Thos. Railway, and began the race and within five minutes passed the first Marks & Co., in 18S8. rapid, though an easy one. In a trip of this sort one needs to travel as Steamer. Steamer. Tug. Lighter. the lightly laden as possible and fact that our knives and forks were Kakabeka, Butcher Boy, Mary Ann, Black Prince, forgotten, and were little missed, shews how little is necessary. With Kate Marks, Ida, Salty Jack, Uude, two blankets for each person, a tin cup and pan, a knife and fork, an Brothers, Hattie Vinton, Reciprocity. axe, a water can, a fry-pan and some provisions, one can manage well, Richmond. - l c M A I I |-M- |

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.1 MDKM.M; .-. n,v -MSIIIM;. H 8. PORT J1RT.HUR ILLUSTRATED.

head is simply exquisite, and Fon-xt. and Stream, the authority in Sfyuniafy .Munieipalit.y. America, speaking of it says : "To those few who know, no word of is needed. The wonderful with its glorious troat This was first composed in 1873 as stated in the Town Government, appreciation Nepigon and and its magnificent scenery shows upon its portage trails the tread of lint in 1880-81 it was divided : \eebing, Paipoonge. Blake, Crooks In less than a hundred anglers yearly. Can it be that anglers have not Pardee being erected into tlie separate municipality of Xeebing. the of Port Arthur in heard of those waters. 1 883-8 1 it was again divided, Town being is and to the corporated out of it as stated. It under subject the fiscal from 1st provisions of the Shnniah Act. year being flie July with s Slopious to 30th June. The present officers are : W. L. Bell, Reeve, .Nepigon Fishing. Councillors J. C. Hashing, \Vm. MePharland and A. L. McEwen ; John M. Hamilton, now of Port Arthur, then living at \V. F. H. Keefer. Judge Clerk and Treasurer, H. Langworthy ; Solicitor, Sault Ste. Marie, was the first tty fisher on the Nepigon, having taken " a Mackinac boat direct from the "Soo to the present Camp Alexander, arriving there June 22nd, 1863. With him were Messrs. Alexander, of On the .Nepigon. St. Louis, and Capt. Dodds, of Indianapolis, their guide being a half-

. discovered the This name is also spelled Nipigon and Neepigon, but Xepigon, is breed named Kenosh or Ktienne Jolyneux The Judge the usual form, that being the name of the station near the river and pool named after him, and the party were astounded at the fishing, th-i in became on the Canadian Pacific Railway 65 miles east of Port Arthur. The trout plainl} seen swimming and jumping fact the guide river, the lake it frightened thereat, Hows from and the thinking the place bay it flows into enchanted as he had are named alike, never seen so many THE LAKK fish before. The of lies northwest of weight single trouton this stream Lake Superior, and is heavier than was surveyed by any other known. One Prof. Bell in 1808, in the last of who considers it party the most beautiful August, 1888, had fish 10 and of all the great 5, 6, 7i, lakes. It contains 12 pounds, and Mr. of a great many is Leronde, Nepi lands from two to gon House, has fifteen miles taken them up to long, ndsand down the water being 17 pou clear and cold. The to five each. One lake is the sixth writer says fishing and last in the in the Nepigon is chain of Great wearisome from its and the Lakes, being about success, record book at as large as Lake in which Ontario, having a Nepigon, coast line of 500 fishers are required to enter the num miles. Ft is nearly ber and of 75 miles long from weight north to south, and cateb is startling 50 miles wide with to anglers accus tomed to the deep bays. Some finger- of elsewhere. 1(3 rivers enter it. lings one, the Kabitoti- This book is kept. the Hudson s quaik, has 30 miles by Co s factor averaging 15 feet Bay and was be deep for the first there, four miles. gun in 1S74, the At the head of first name being the lake the Hud W. M. Cameron, 2. son s Kay Co . have Cincinnati, July then over had a fur post for Since visitors have about a century, 1,300 and Messrs. Bots- enrolled thereon, ford & McLaurin the yearly average about 75, last also have one as it SuMK 01 TIIK PlclNF.KKS. being is a rich fur coun year being the lar- S. .1. M.P. The DANVMIN, with some 160. try. country M.UTI..AN1I. JAMKS DICKSOX. JAMES FI.AIIKRTY. RuBKKT festn 1880 a record of bears a variety of wa: and a timber and the mineral wealth is varied and great, vhik- extensive the number and weights of the trout caught begun, couple H. Clark of tracts of cultivatable soil exist. of entries we give, July 10th to 2:ird, 1H86, L. and two NKl KION KIVKR. Palmerston, \V. D. Mathews of Toronto, Canada, others, of 26 of caught 243 trout, including 1 of ~\ pounds, 2 of 7, 10 of 6, 16 5, This is the and clearest that enters Lake It is 43 largest Superior. 4 and 04 of 3 pounds each. From July 10th up to August 20th, of miles long, a series of most picturesque expansions anil the rapids, 18S6, F. H. Birds, George A. Gates, of New York, and two others principal pools or widening^ being Helen, Jessie, Minor, Hanna and 102 caught 950 pounds of trout and in one day, August 16, caught pounds. Hamilton, and the chief rapids Alexandria, Narrows, Island, Split Rock, Pine and Little Flat Rock. The stream averages 2S5 feet wide and has 15 chutes or falls. Near the river mouth is the famous Red Lake Superior. Rock sacred to the Manitou or Great Spirit, and carved with symbolic is over 350 miles characters by early Indians who made their calumets or pipes from it. This grand reservoir of the St. Lawrence, long by miles. Here also is an old post of the Hudson s Hay Co., and a good dock to ,110 miles in its widest part, comprising an area of 32,000 square its 603 feet below and which vessels can run direct from any point on the Great Lakes, and Its greatest depth is 1, 200 feet, making bottom north have a safe harbor. Opposite is an Indian mission with its its surface 597 feet above sea level. The chief rivers flowing into the Black church and school and neat white houses. The river and lake abound ern Lake Superior are the Kaministiquia, next the Nepigon, all with fish of several kinds, especially the true speckled trout which Sturgeon, Current, McKenxie, Carp, and many lesser streams, having waters flow reaches twelve pounds weight and those of two to three pounds are their origin in the height of land or watershed dividing the quite common. The scenery from the entrance of the bay to the lake ing into Hudson s Bay from those of Lake Superior. PORT JUVTJ-lUR, ILLUSTRATED.

a considerable of the and in Pert District Past and Present portion country mostly containing good soil, Mining Jlrttyur have an important bearing upon its agricultural welfare and upon the mining interest. Histerj. ROCK FORMATION.

In general the Animikie formation lies nearly flat, resting on the older rocks which show on the north, but on south and east extensions *W \1 CAPITALISTS, and others interested in this district will near Black Bay, and in Thunder Cape Peninsula are covered by the and south of at the island in the mouth of wish to know the following : Has this region been Nepigon formation, these, Grand Portage Bay, are seen to pass under the Keweenian series. examined and prospected for minerals, to what extent, The rocks of the silver bearing formation are basic traps, black and and what results ? What is the present state of gray argillites, cherts and jaspers, with some ferruginous dolomites. the mining industry, and what has been done in This Animikie formation is divided into an upper and lower portion which are but not a definite line. The the past ? What experience has been gained of distinct, separated by very upper consists mostly of black, soft carbonaceous argillitee, sometimes dolo- the nature and habits of the mineral deposits mitic, at others quite ferruginous, and at others holding a large amount does it to the discovered and how apply recently of silica. The lower portion consists almost entirely of silicious rock?, mining sections of the region ? To these ques as chert and jasper, often accompanied by ferruginous dolomites, and themselves all contain more or less oxidised iron, at some tions it is hoped to furnish satisfactory answers places carry ing so much magnetite as almost to constitute an iron ore. One analy in this account of mines and mining on the sis by Mr. Hoffman gave 53 per cent, of iron, titanic acid being absent. of Lake from of north shore Superior the opening It is difficult to decide if the formation has any general dip or not, the measurements so far while from 5 to 10 work, forty-three years ago, up to the present. The area under obtained, ranging usually degrees, were so conflicting in direction and liable to disturbance by description is very great, extending through a tract comprised within dykes, veins, trap intrusions, etc., as to leave it in doubt whether the ten of and three of latitude, or nearly as degrees longitude degrees rocks have any general dip, or if so to what amount and direction. includes the area large as England, and silver-bearing extending This question remains to be woiked out, but the balance of evidence flat south and southeast of the whole southwest and tributary to Port Arthur. This great district was favors a general dip formation, probably averaging 5 to 8 degrees. The probable thickness of the almost unknown until a fairly recent time, and even now large sections Animikie formation is 12,000 feet. of it are only known to a very few and have been nearly without notice from mineral explorers. Speaking generally the whole region is a with and with great rocky area covered bush, mostly very dense, Mining Jiisterj. extensive Considerable stretches of the timber are muskegs. useful, FIRST PERIOD. but of the bush is useful for chiefly pine and poplar, much only mining There are evidences of mining operations by the ancients at different Districts of large size of farming lands also exist, and purposes. good places, where various crude implements, stone hammers, etc., have been some are in cultivation. For the mineral explorer it offers many found together with positive proofs of work done. Although it is known when the first free was made a white it is advantages, the rocky hills and mountains, and numerous lakes and gold discovery by man, yet difficult to find the exact date when silver was first discovered on the rivers with large rock exposure giving fine chances for finds, and these north shore of Lake Superior. also boat routes to the interior. water stretches affording ready In 1845 some mining was done by Colonel Prince on Spar Island and Though the geological features are diversified, the rocks consist of on Prince s Bay location, on the main land, in search of copper, but it resulted in in the vein ore a a Laurentian gneissic and granitic, within which are found numerous discovering grey copper carrying high per centage of silver. In 1846 the Montreal Mining Company employed areas of plutonic or volcanic rocks and metamorphic slates, etc., Professor Sheppard and a large party of men to explore and locate lands to be of Huronian whilst round thought age, overlying these, chiefly along the north shore, and they located during that year 27 blocks of Thunder Bay and Lake Nepigon, occur the Animikie, Nepigon, and mining land on the mainland, and some islands in front of them, near but did no work on them at that time. These were Keweenian groups of rocks. The mineral deposits found in this region by, mining grants two miles wide and ran back from the coast five miles, and contained are silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, arsenic gold, ten square miles each. But for the next sixteen years little was done fine red and sulphur. Quartz amethysts, agates, sandstone, barytes beyond a few spasmodic exploring efforts and testing some of the Thun and plumbago are also found, and mercury is said to have been. der Bay silver properties in 1845-6-7. The district s is divided into three EXTENT AND FEATURES OF MINERAL REGION. mining history periods, separated by intervals of idleness the first period of work beginning with 1846, The chief area of the district now under description or the new the second in 1863 and the third in 1882. Attention was first directed to the the finds on the south shore of Lake silver region, southwest of Port Arthur, has its sides extending about region by copper Superior, 40 miles along the west shore of Thunder Bay, 60 miles on the Inter and by Sir \Vm. Logan s suggestion of similar riches on the Canadian Mr. in in national Boundary at Pigeon River, and 80 miles along the northern side, and the Government accordingly sent Logan 1840 to the Canadian shores of Lake and this in side, where the formation abuts against the Archiean rocks or an ap vestigate Superior, during some silver veins were some rich of proximate area of 1,200 square miles. There are, also, other areas on spection found, having pockets the N. E. side of Thunder Bay, and extending down its east coast to ore. SECOND 1 EKIOD. Silver Isk t. But except the latter mine all important discoveries are confined to the first area. This opened a much more active stage, especially in the silver dis The rocks of the district are the Huronian, Laurentian and Lower trict about Thunder Bay, and the discovery in 1863 of luumatite and Cambrian, and include several granite masses. The veins carrying magnetic iron ores at various places from Port Arthur eastwards along silver ores occur, with a couple of exceptions, in the low er division of the Lake shore, gave evidence of the possible future in this line. In the Lower Cambrian or Animikie series. May, 1865, Peter and Donald McKellar, tt Fort William, discovered flat hills and The suiface presents many topped ridges, the first the Black ]5ay lode on location 6. afterwards known as ilie Enterprise often roughly rounded, separated by valleys 200 or 300 feet deep. The Mine, now in McTavibh township, which carries soir.e gold and a little debris at an cliffs vary from 30 to 150 feet, the sloping angle of about silver, beside other minerals. Some other galena lodes \vere also found 45 degrees for about another 50 feet and merging into the gentler slopes heie, including the Cariboo and Arctic, seme testing work being done of the clay and soil in the valleys. at the second in 1872 and at the last in 1884. In most of the early The mineral discoveries are so far mostly confined to a belt of discoveries of the McKellar brothers was associated Mr. John Mclntyre, country running along the northern fringe of the formation between then chief factor of the Hudson s Bay Company for the Fort William Port Arthur and Arrow Lake, and to the coast and islands of the X. district. But the second great period of mining for precious metals of the and W. sides and in the mouth Thunder Bay, country in the in the region really began with the discovery in September, 1866, of interior of the triangle being little known comparatively. The valley native silver and silver glance (argentite) in the Thunder Bay mine, by bottoms usually have a considerable depth of soil often of compact Peter McKellar. In May, 1867, George A. McVicar, of Port Arthur, white or yellow clay covered with varying depths of alluvial. found silver in the Shuniah or Duncan vein. The Wall bridge and lot The bush over the whole district is chiefly poplar and birch, mixed 11 veins were located in 1863, and the former had a shaft sunk, but in the lower lands with some pine, whilst balsam, spruce and tamarac they also seem to have been considered as copper and galena bearers bottoms. The of the hill is s prevail in the trap capping tops usually simply, and galena was also found at McKeilar Harbor, an 80 foot covered with scanty soil, glowing some jack pine. These valleys form shaft being sunk in 1878. PORT JIRT.Him ILLUSTRATED.

MeFarlane GOLD FOUND. In ISliS the Montreal Mining Company sent out Thos. and with the the winter of and a small party of men to examine anil report upon their lands, The gold history began discovery, during of the s J. and M. of the Hudson s that spring he found silver on Jarvis Island, part company pro- 1870-71, by two Indians Baptist Puchat, Bay Company of a gold and silver bearing vein, named the Jackfish Lake Mine, 70 miles west of Port Arthur, and in which free gold was found by Peter McKellar, and it occurs in sylvanite and pyritous ores. This created much excitement, being the first free gold discovery in the feet above Lake of that of the had feet wide in the broadest place, and was only eight district. At that time the Indians portion country from the shore thereof, its 16 no with the Government, and the territory also Superior, lying half a mile yet during treaty agreement being in the handsomest na in between Ontario and the Dominion, land titles could not be years successful working it produced quantity dispute a rival claimants of this find. tive silver and richest silver ore the world has ever seen, and greater had. In addition a contest arose between known Ontario w-as al value in bullion from the amount of veinstone broken than any But later on by mutual agreement the Government for the Jacktish Lake silver mine. lowed to issue land titles in 1871, the first being McKellar and Island mine was found John property. In 1872 a party directed by Peter employed In the spring of 1869, McKellar o by Wm. B. then of Silver Islet, and who had become in and Donald McKellar, and in this year also Thompson s Island was by Capt. Frue, terested in the in this gold district. But located Mr. Macfarlane for the Montreal Mining Company. Then discovery, began operations by were Chief Blackstone and his baud of the in 1870 of the Silver Harbor or Beck mine, by Am- they stopped by Chippewa came discovery after the Indians, until a treaty should be made with them. Soon Dominion Government made a treaty with the Indians, and as the Provincial land boundaries were last year defined these troubles are now settled. The Jackfish Lake vein was in the meantime traced by These discoveries were followed by the McKellar brothers finding silver Peter cKdlar into the lands on both sides to the north McKellar s Point and at 3 B on the main shore, on the same diorite M adjoining at on the also made on Victoria east and south-west, which resulted in taking up the location dyke as Silver Islet. Discoveries of silver were and north-east the Neebish Mining Company, and that on the south and Pic islands, the latter lying at the entrance to Thunder Bay, by west the It is said the vein was traced on the main shore on location 51 B, near Big Trout bay, and near the by Highland Mining Company acres of land were taken Some work was done on them, notably several miles south-west, and nearly 6,000 up international boundary. testing and s islands, at Stewart s on its course and surrounding the Jackfish Lake, Neebish, High at Pie, Jarvis, Thompson s, McKellar and Mink \Veesau land various who afterwards formed the Sheban- location and Sturgeon Bay, etc. Silver was found also in the properties, by parties 1 and on 26 dowan vein, on the properties comprising T to 6 T inclusive, T, Mining Company. At that time the road from Lake was the well known 21 T and 28 T, on Little Gull Lake, and on several of the locations on only Superior which did not the heart of the the southern shore of Arrow Lake, at its western end. These lust were Dawson road, penetrate gold country, and the Canadian Pacific which now traverses it, was then made by Americans named Kindred and General Baker. With these Railway, line. The cost of then with the discoveries were others on lands now in the townships of Mclntyre, but a projected transport being heavy, were other difficulties named, it was found advisable to wait, and nothing McGregor, MeTavish, Neebing and Paipoonge. Of these there further was done until when a number of went in and the Trowbridge location, which adjoins the Duncan mine, in Mclntyre 1882, explorers the Parasseux some acres of lands in the country w ere taken up township, the Wallbridge mine, the Parasseux vein, near 30,000 mining gold Slate river location on and the new of Moss was surveyed. rapids of the Kaministiquia river, and the township the In 1872 an Indian named Mamabin found and showed to Archibald lots 1 and 2 in the first concession of Paipoonge. To these add pro with McKellar on Lake a vein carrying free milling gold ore, and perties known as F 16 and Y 1, southwest of Paipoonge township, Partridge Daniel McPhee discovered at the of land the a few locations north of Mclntyre, and the Algoma mine on locations in 1872, also, Capt. height a vein ore almost solid, rich also 21 to 25 in the fourth concession of Xeebing township. Silver was also Tip Top mine, carrying copper pyrites in and silver. Gold was also found in veins different discovered on Lambert island, in Thunder Bay, and on various loca gold crossing islands in Lake Shebandowan and on the lands about and near that tions on the shore of that bay, east of Port Arthur. Further east near lake and Kashabowie lake about the same time, the discoverers Little Pic river, silver was found on several locations by Ambrose being Donald Lachlin John McXaughton, Charles Gehl Cyrette on C 45, on V 49, V 50 and V 51, by W. Pritchard, Barney Wilcox, MujLachlin, but no of extent were done on those McKellar and J. McLaurii), all of Fort William, and on location 1, be and others, developments any pro were on northwest of Thunder tween C 43 and V 49 and also at the Ecrire mine, about three miles perties. While these discoveries going slates on the east were west of Black river. During these discoveries silver was also found in Bay a portion of the gold bearing being explored the and made of the Heron lode in 1872 by W. Pritchard, places within the present town limits of Port Arthur, at Singleton discovery Bay J. McLaurin and Ambrose and it was worked a short time mine and in its very streets, for a tea chest full of very rich ore con (byrette, a few then and in 1879. taining native silver was taken from a vry small vein or seam again has since been fouhd on other locations on the main shore inches wide, that crossed Water street, in front of the store of Messrs. Gold 35 and on the Mocum Thomas Marks Co. east by Donald McKellar jit X, properties three miles north of Jacktish iBay by Peter and John McKellar and W. THIRD OR PRESENT PERIOD. Pritchard, and on K 120 in a copper pyrites vein carrying gold and silver, and on owned the But on During the whole of the time past mentioned operations on a large property by Klgin Mining Company. silver in none of these either has work of any ex scale were going or. at Silver Islet mine, keeping alive mining properties any development the district until fresh interest and increased work were caused by the tent been made. THE SII.VEU VEINS. working of the Huronian gold mine and the discovery and working of Rabbit Mountain silver mine in 1882, and several other important mining The silver ore of the district is native metal, and sulphide or discoveries were made creating greatly renewed interest and confidence argentite (black silver), genera ly associated with blende, galena, of the Thia and fluorite in a series iii the permanent value of the mineral resources country. pyrites, etc., in a gangueof calcite, barite, quartz was increased by the opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway from of fissure veins. These veins may be described as follows: 1. Coast in to ocean the district, 1S83-86. This 2. Port Arthur Rabbit Mountain ; 4, Silver ocean through Thunder Bay group ; group ; 3, group to led to the more extended working of the Huronian mine and partial Mountain group, 5, Whitefish Lake group. of the Kam ami some other development Highland, Tip Top, Kam, THE COAST liliori . locations. gold This series of veins are on the coast of Lake Superior bet ween Port After the Rabbit Mountain came in succession discovery rapid Arthur and the international boundary at Pigeon river, and on the Rabbit Mountain Silver Creek, Twin City or Porcupine, and Junior, group of islands in the mouth of Thunder Bay. The greater number the Beaver silver mines all discovered in ISS. j by Capt. Daniel intersect the "Macfarlane band," a belt of trap dykes and sheets, McPhee and Oliver and all within a radius of four miles. Dounais, thought to be the continuation of Silver Islet dyke. Nearly all the After these came the of the veins on mining finding argentiferous dykes strike northeast and southwest, or at right angles to the veins. locations R !40 T, 143 T, and 14t. The next important discovery 48, The gangue consists mo-itly of quartz, fluorite, calcite and barite, of silver ore was in on the east and west ends of Silver Mountain, 1884, and the veins carry native silver and silver glance associated with these out to Oliver Dounais Weesau (Louis properties being pointed by zinc blende and galena, and sometimes some copper sulphurets. the same Indian who directed him to the Rabbit Moun Bokachanim), None of this group are now working, but as Silver Islet was the chief tain vein. Soon after in 1884 and 1885, followed discoveries this, rapid mine in it and had great success and was a very important factor in the of veins on the locations known as Silver Bluff (R 61), argentiferous mineral development of the district it is worthy of more notice. Silver Hill (R Crown Point Silver Falls (R 110), Palisades 70), (R 95), SILVER ISLET MINE (R 97 and R 98), Sunset Lake (R 80 and 81) and also on R 60, R 64, is a vein a small about a mile out in R 79, R 90, R 199 and 174 T. To these add the Badger, Caribou, It on crossing rocky islet, Silver Lake from Thunder The vein strikes north 35 west and P.ig Bear, Klgin, West Beaver, Silver Victoria, Silver Wolverine, Superior Cape. Fox and several others. dips southeast at an angle of about 70 to 80 degrees, and would average PORT JJR-TJllDR, ILLUSTRATED

8 to ten feet in thickness, though in from JO to 30 feet a of places showing good amount work done in drifting and winzes, etc., with the of solid vein stuff. The is gangiie caleite, quartz and dolomite, the necessary surface work, houses, etc. In 1886, work was resumed and latter colored from cream to to the pink, according manganese in it, sustained until last year. The vein looked well, and silver was found and rhodochrosite was found. The metallic minerals arc native silver, from time to time, but apparently in limited extent. argentite, galena, blende, copper and iron pyrites, with marcasite. Mr. Victoria Island Some surface work and two test of 30 feet Macfai-lane also mentions tetrahedrite, domcykite, niccolite and cobalt pits and some tunneling. bloom, and Dr. \Vurtz found two new minerals called by him huntelite and animiUite. There also McKellar s Point A 30 foot shaft and an 80 foot with were found annabergite, antimonial silver, tunnel, and of some other work . cenigyritti graphite, the latter Mr. Richard Trethewey saying they sometimes found it without silver, but never found silver without Stewart s Location Some work done for copper. Combustible was found in graphite. gas large quantities accompanied Pine Bay A little work. by highly mineralized water, both confined principally in large cavities or Big Trout Bay Two tunnels 50 feet each, and some vein vugs under great pressure below the 8th level in the deepest work Discovered in stripping. ings. the summer of 1 SOS, $1,200 worth of specimens were taken the Cloud Lake Adit 250 feet driven. away by party that fall when leaving, and in 1809, after a difficult season s of (/ aid well Island Shaft feet work, 9,455 pounds ore were shipped, valued by- 00 sunk, without much result. at 751. the assay SO, During same winter 1809-70 twelve Mink Island Some little work done in 1872-73. men with a horse produced 17,00!) pounds of total value $18,291. Then Sturgeon Bay Two shafts sunk and a drift run. New York and Detroit capitalists acquired the property, in 1870, and K 17 -Some work done in ( apt. Frue, with 30 men and two horses, in four weeks, mined and 1878-7!). before shipped navigition closed, ore to the value of 92,153, having Prince s Mine -This is the oldest mine, having been worked in in 1846- for expended 80,000 breakwaters, coffer dams, pumping, etc. From 3-47, copper. Two shafts sunk, one 90 feet, and a tunnel 200 to November, 1870. November, 1871, silver ore was produced, worth feet. One bunch of ore was struck in sinking, weighing several hun The vein dred three by assay, 8048,132. had frequent and sudden changes in size pounds, and with per cent of silver and some gold. Pie Island 3 to 4 Vein feet ; some 400 feet drifting and 200 foot shaft sunk, crosscntting, winze and air-shaft done. Some development was also done on 13 B location on the same island.

state lasted until the close of 1870, and work almost closed the next THE PORT ARTHUR UROTP. But in the of year. summer 1.878, a bunch of rich ore was struck, Thunder Mine Four shafts a Bay sunk, total of 200 feet ; some yielding. 800,000 ounces of silver. This deposit was five feet solid and drifting sloping done, with crosscutting, etc.. buildings put up, across the breast and carried in two heretofore unknown great quantity three miles of road built, a stamp mill erected, and a 200 foot dock compounds of silver, Animikite and Huntelite. built. This was from 1800 to 1809, and work was again carried on for six The total depth of Silver Islet mine was 1230 and at 80 feet feet, months in 1874. The vein was from one inch to ten feet thick, and north on the bottom level a good bunch of ore was struck. The total carried native silver and argentite, with galena, blende and iron pyrites, yield was $3,250,000, or 650,000 and the total one- the ore sterling, outlay being in bunches, with the silver in strings, leaves and grains. ihird of this amount. The vein was traced one mile from the shore on The product of first operations was 329 1 pounds of ore, worth $2,592, the mainland, and galena was struck at one of the shafts the furthest and 200 tons low grade ore which yielded well, the concentrates 19 oz. of being inland, running silver to the ton. rich in native silver. Owing to its peculiar situation this mine was worked at enormous Shuniah or Duncan Mine- -In 1897 some was done and expense. To maintain a footing on a rock not 80 feet trenching square, against two shafts sunk 40 and 00 fee.t and a Lake storms to crosscut run, and several barrels Superior ; provide steam tugs, engines, pumpa, and of ore taken out, running from S200 to $300 per ton. The mine wag Btampmiil, establish a town on a barren rocky shore, and conduct and then closed owing to owners disagreeing and want of funds. It was exploration general operations; to do all this cost $1,200,000. re-opened in 1870, when the main shaft was sunk to 135 feet, with con- The mine made loo gallons of water per minute, from the lake, chiefly siderable d and several silver had to be rifting crosscuts, being got at several which pumped out. The oO-stamp mill cost $100,000, and points. The mine closed again in 1873, but re-opened in November, had a daily capacity of 60 tons. The rock put through ran from 6 to 1873, as the Duncan mine, and closed finally in 1881. The force had A, ounces per ton <.f 2,000 Ibs. The concentrates varied from to $300 varied from 2 to 100 men. A new mill and other but between and stamp good buildings (10,000 per ton, $300 $1,,">00 The cost of averaged were built the total was ; product being $20,000 worth of ore, and the out concentrating $1.70 per ton, the tailings averaged $2 per ton, and lay (including property, $75,000) was $500,000. A total of 4,884 feet the mill saved !.Kli per cent, of the silver in the ore. The 00 tons pro of diamond was done. duced from 1 to 2 of drilling tons wet concentrates holding about 14 per cent. of moisture. The cost of at this mine The Beck or Silver Harbor Mine -A 40 ft. shaft was sunk, and production was, mining, 2.50 ; surface work with a dock etc. 50 cents ; labor and to 50 cents done, explorations, etc., built, houses, sorting, carriage mill, ; crushing, stamp and 50. In ing dressing, $2 ; total, So. five weeks of 1878 some $370,- Algoma Mine (MacGregor Township) Lambert Island, Cariboo 000 worth of silver was produced. Owing to the great richness of the Island, Blende Lake. Kmmons Mine and Cornish Mine, all had more or ore and the of so less presence much metallic silver, some difficulty was development work done, but not enough to prove or disprove them. found at first in selling the ore to satisfaction. The varied assays greatly Singleton Mine This vein of white quartz, a foot thick, was found in the first lots and the smelters charged $100 per ton for smelting, and within the town limits of Port Arthur, and some rich bunches of native to return !)."j cent, of only guaranteed per silver, and refused accounting silver taken from it. for more than shewn by their own assay. So the company erected their \Vallbridge Vein 2t feet wide, and well defined. The develop own smelting works in 1871. Throughout the mine nearly 5,000 feet of ment was done with an idea of selling, and the vein improved in the holes were bored by the diamond drill. In March, 1884, owing to the depth it is said. non-arrival of a vessel with 1000 tons of coal, work had to be suspend Three mine Vein was from 18 to 24 inches ed, and remains so to-day. A wide, the ore being as rich as much of Silver Islet, and lasted well down, but pocketty. (JTIIKIl VKINS IN COAST CROUP. The shaft was sunk some distance and some drifting and consid Angus Island -Shaft sunk and drifted to intersect vein, but no erable woik done. The vein carried copper, lead, zinc, nickel, silver, success. cobalt and gold. McKellar s Island Shaft sunk 120 feet, drifted 100 and cross-cut Silver Hill A Nine miles N. from Port Arthur, and contains 60 with some test 00 acres. work was in feet, pits and other development. Argentiferous Some done 1872-73, and assays gave $4 , in blende was the chief vein ore. In 1880 the barite rib on the east side silver and $!( in gold per ton. It is owned by .1. C. Hasking & Co., of Port the main vein was worked, 30 men being employed, the product after Arthur. hand to extract as much caleite and as picking quartz possible, was Chicago Mine and Quebec Mine -These two properties are about 3 to the United the i- shipped States, buyers giving ,>"i per ton on tin rnil miles N. of Port Arthur and near the Shuniah mine. They are owned at the island for best quality. by the Lake .Superior Mineral and Development Company, of which Thompson s Island An adit level, run 25 feet, a 9 foot winze sunk. Mr. P. M. French is resident manager. On each a shaft is down about The vein carried blende, galena, and pyrites in small amount. 00 feet, and the manager says shews leaf silver and cobalt. Island shafts The strike of the Port is Spar Two 24 and 27 feet, finding copper glance, general Arthur group N. of K. and S. of copper pyrites, zinc blende, and some argentite. West, and the strike of the Silver Mountain and Whitefish Lake groups Jarvis Island In 180!. a is similar. 12 foot shaft sunk, producing ore yielding of silver. In this KAI .lilT MOUNTAIN $117, 1870-71 shaft was deepened 20 feet, and CROUP. three more sunk with a total of 270 and some with feet, sloping, Rabbit Mountain mine This is the first in the present period of PC T A T 1 1.1 I U h U 8 A T K f) \i \-i 1 fi f?

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Silver mining and created a sensation when opened, owing to its the Beaver and Rabbit Mountain, Porcupine, SilverCreek, Badger ami Holiness.richness. It is 24z-t mnesmiles southwestsouinwesc 01of PortrorL --\rumr.Arthur. Thexne vein isla a comcc ^Vest Beaver silver mines. It is traversed by the Government wagon four feet the ore of native silver and road from Murillo. It has a well defined true fissure lode, with a strike posite, averaging wide, consisting a little iron and and of S. K. and X. north. The walls of this lode argentite with much blende, with pyrites galena west, dipping slightly are slickensided and its carries leaf silver in calcite some copper pyrites in a gangue of quartz, calcite, and green anil purple gangue and fluorite fluorite. It has been proved 800 feet on the surface by trenches and with rich blende. This property has been most favorably reported cross-cuts. Since opening, in 1882, it has been worked in a spasmodic upon by local experts from Beaver and Badger mines including Mr. from M.A. and M.E and Williams and of their manner, having changed hands several times and employed two Brent, , Capts. Hopkins, mines. to want of to sixty men, it stopped December 16, 1887, and remains closed at respective So far, however, owing capital, but little work has been done. present, pending settlement of some differences among its owners. of was built and all the other A stamp mill 15 tons daily capacity Silver Creek Mine, 95 T Contains 100 acres, and adjoins Beaver, is claimed that the concentrates ran as as usual buildings. It high Badger, etc. A road is cut from the Government wagon road, which and that the ore 4,000 per ton and averaged 81,500, milling averaged passes within a quarter of a mile of the location, and within that dis feet of over feet and 880 per ton. Over 400 sinking and 740 drifting, tance the P. A. 1). & \V. railway is located. These mines are about from 100 some sloping was done, most of the good ore coming feet, 25 miles from Murillo station on the C. P. R. Samples from the mine and deeper. have yielded from one to over five thousand dollars per ton in silver. Rabbit Mountain Mine, Junior This is a short distance from the This vein is two to three feet thick, and has had some work done ou it. foot tunnel a foot in last, and the vein is parallel and dips to it at an angle of 75 degrees. It A 75 was driven and 70 shaft sunk 1885, and had a shaft sunk and some other work done. later on some more work was done, resulting in good ore at the bottom of the shaft. The amount was about 83,000, and the ore Porcupine Mine This vein is 2 to 5 feet thick, and its contents expended about covered ihis. Mr. E. D. who saw the similar to that of the district. It carries witherite or carbonate of Ingalls, M.E., clump, says it was mill rock, the silver as leaf and film barium, the only instance in Canada. The peculiar talcose material, good showing argentite. is also in Cariboo Mine Three small tunnels have been driven in this vein commonly called "mountain tallow," met with connection with the ore bodies. It is a white or pale green substance impregnating and some (iO feet of drifting done to test it at a cost of about 1,500. the vein stuff, and at first quite soft and greasy, but afterwards dries It is six feet wide in places and in others is split up. on to air. It is neither talc nor but and hardens exposure serpentine, The Elgin Mine This is about a mile north of the Beaver mine, is allied to mineral The bulk of the silver probably closely saponite. and is now being testeil by sinking and drifting. The vein consists of is in or leaf form with a small of metallic sulphide nugget proportion several parallel stringers distributed in about ten feet width of the en silver in wire and form. \Vork was in and includ mossy begun 1884, closing argillite. The metallic minerals arc; very abundant, and an continued at the owners intend ing drifting and sinking long intervals, early assay gave 10 per ton, the owner states. This property is being to its value and sell it. Mr. T. A. one of the ing prove Keefer, owners, developed by Capt. Thos. Hooper, who began work in September, 1888, some have been and more than sales of ore says $10,000 spent repaid by and employs seven men on it. In March the shaft was down 135 feet, obtained. and 130 feet of drifting done with encouraging results, Capt. Hooper Silver Victoria. This mine is on Lot 7, Concession C in Pai- stating that the assuys ran 587 oz to 5 oz. per ton. It resembles the poonge Township, south of the Kaministiquia River, close by the other veins of the group and lies about 200 yards from the high road. Government road to Murillo seven miles distant. The Port Station, HEAVER MINE. Arthur & Duluth proposed railway also passes through the property, which also has the advantage of being only 50 chains from the \\ hite- As this property has been worked constantly and vigorously front fish river water-power. It is three miles from the Beaver, Rabbit and the start in 1884 to the present, it merits extended notice as a Mountain mines, etc. The vein runs east and west, shows silver at good type of the district, group, and period. The main vein surface with argentiferous blende and galena. Mr. Henry G. Rath- averages 4 feet thick, though almost pinched out in places, and has the well, C. and M. E., then superintendent of the Cariboo mine, reported usual contents, yellow and dark color blende with some iron pyrites of the Victoria, "It is a mine of great promise, and from its advan and a little galena, in a gangue, chieHy of calcite, with some white tage of location I have no doubt will not only prove an economical and amethystine quartz and a little fluorite, generally green, but some- mine to work, but has every indication of proving a rich one also, and times purple. The silver occurs chiefly as argentite, in nugget, sheet will repay judicious investment. Capt. Harry James, who was cap and leaf form, with seme native silver. The mountain tallow is very tain of the Beaver mine for over a year, says of the Victoria, "The abundant in places. Two seams have been worked on, the main one vein is of similar composition to the Beaver, calcites with quartz and cuts X. W. across a range 200 feet high, and is intersected 300 feet in fluor spar, and it is also in the same black silver bearing slates. I by a vein running X. E. Up to March, 1889, some 1280 feet of sinking visited it several times, the first impression was favorable, and the last in shafts and winzes, 3,510 feet of drifting and 000 feet of crosscuttiug visit confirmed it, that the Victoria is the making of another Beaver." had been done in this mine. A large amount of work has been done on this property, entailing equal expenditure probably 350.000, but it Silver Champion. This property contains 85 acres and is crossed is stated that there was taken from it in 2A, months of 1S87, over 93,000 by a strong vein some five feet wide bearing northeast, dipping slightly of silver and in the fall of that year the ore body in sight was estimated northwest. The gangue is calc spar with some quartz carrying argen at about one million dollars. The property is evidently being developed tiferous blende and galena, with leaf silver. The Government wagon upon a permanent footing and is excellently managed so far as a visitor road crosses the location, and the mine is some 9.\ miles from the C. P. can judge. Some 75 men are employed and the village contains about K. Station, Murillo. It is covered with useful timber and has good 40 families or 200 people. The mine buildings comprise, boiler house, soil. Capt. Henry Parsons, in charge of Beaver mine in early days, machine shop, air compressor house, hoist house, blacksmith ami car reports that he regards the Champion as "one of the most promising house, stables, etc. The is com in this section." penter shops, pump laboratory very properties mill also the air plete and the stamp ; compressor runs 7 drills, 2 hoists, The West Beaver 140 T, (149 acres) Silver Creek mine adjoining and the pumps. The daily production now is 60 tons of ore, and about on the north, and Beaver mine on the west. The line of the P. A. D. 30 cords of wood are consumed for power and general purposes. The & \V. is located on this Silver Creek flows the Ry. property. through mine is owned by Col. Frank J. Hecker and Ex-Governor Alger, of location and offers a mill site convenient to the and the good workings Detroit, United States, and is managed by Capt. Thomas Hooper, with Government road crosses it. wagon (. apt. Williams in charge of underground work, W. C. Romcr assayer The vein which crosses the property has a strike about E. X. K., and accountant, and Capt. White in charge of machinery. Since start and dips to the southeast and varies from four to eight feet in width. ing, tliis mine has cleared and consumed the timber of 500 acres of its It is a remarkably strong true vein adjoining rich mines and rich itself. land, and requires daily to clear and use nearly one acie for its furnaces, It can probably be made a large producing mine by proper management etc. The monthly expenses are about 5,000, a school is maintained and sufficient capital. It has produced the ordinary milling grades of with some 40 scholais, and a general store with about 7,000 of varied ore, and very high grades of smelting ore yielding from 500 lo several goods in stock, and there is also a good hotel, costing 10,000, and thousand dollars per ton. accommodating a large number of guests. A resident physician is here and services are held twice a Big Bear MineThe mine is on Lot 34, in 2nd Con. Township of religious regularly monthly by visiting 1 minister. The mine is 29 miles S. W. from Port and work aipoonge, and contains 100 acres. The works expose a large vein Arthur, on and in two shifts of 10 hours each. about four feet wide with a strike about E. X. E. Its gangue is sim gous day night, except Sunday, ilar in character to the Badger, Beaver and other mines in the district, Badger Mine--This property contains 215 acres in location 201 T. and its ores vary from ordinary milling ore to smelting ore. yielding and part of 200 T. in Gillies Tp. It was discovered in the spring of from 500 to 3,000 oz. of silver to the ton. It has a convenient mill site 1887 by Mr. Charles E. Eschweiler, of Detroit, who interested in it on the on Oliver property creek, which flows through it, and is well Messrs .John M. Stowell, Charles A. Read, and others of Milwaukee, located. who with Mr. George W. Robinson, of Mobile, Alabama, advanced the The LonePine Thisproperty consists of lOOacres of mineral and well necessary capital for development. Work was began April, 1SS7, and wooded land in the of centre the new silver district, within 3 miles of after drifting on the vein 100 feet a rich body of silver was struck. Up- PORT JlRTcHUR, ILLUSTRATED.

to end of March, 1889, the woik done consisted of sinking the shaft 280 9,000 ounces per ton, was .struck, the foot wall there being chert, and feet. Over 2,000 feet of drifting, and 190 feet of winzes is done and some the hanging wall slate. Distinct traces of gold as high as 1J oz. per sloping between first and second levels, where extremely rich ore was ton, have been found, and also copper and nickel traces. over found, some assaying 19,000 ounces of silver per ton. Up to April Silver Mountain West End Mine. The vein cuts the middle of the first, $65,000 had been and worth of silver was 1880, expended $230,000 hill almost east, and dips 80 to 85 degrees, and has caused about half a taken from this mine. Some 80 men are and the surface employed mile of valley by denudation. In the last report of the Geological are the works smiths rock house, stables, 22 buildings hoisting shops, Survey of Canada it is described as "a very strong and persistent houses, store and office, and a mill of 22 tons dwelling stamp daily fissure, showing at frequent intervals right across the hill for over ti The has a of and non capacity. company capital $250,000, paid up mile. Along its outcrop, on the top and for some distance below, the assessable. The is Mr. Herbert Shear, and in mining superintendent vein is large and solid, from 4 to 6 feet thick, whilst in the argillites with this he he had never heard of a silver speaking gentleman, said, below, as one expects, its width is not so persistent, whilst a few feet mine that in course of and after a few months anywhere development further on it comes together again as a large solid vein. The gangue work had returned all its for and and outlay property working expenses consists mostly of white baritu and calcite with a little colorless quartz made a of about two hundred thousand dollars besides. This surplus and green fluovite. The silver occurs both as native and as sulphide or mine is in the Rabbit Mt. and distant from Port Arthur some 26 group, argentite. Good ore running about $127 to the ton is found at the miles the road it and the near high passing through projected railway west end, but the developments have not been extensive enough yet to The character and strike of this vein are similar to others by. genera] show the extent of the ore body. It was also discovered by Mr. of the district. The native silver it associated with nearly always Oliver Dounais, who treated it in separate halves east and west ends. and in occurs in such that is quartz, many places, proportion drilling The west end was bonded, but after a little work was done with very difficult and sometimes One of a of such, irnposssble. assay piece giving encouraging results, the parties got into law as to control, which ounces ton of The is disseminated 19.217.5 per 2,000 pounds. argentite stopped further work at that time 1885-6. But in May, 1888, H. N. the vein matrix. throughout Nichols, of Denver, Colorado, at the head of some Chicago and New Parasseux Vein This vein crosses the Kaministiqnia river in a York capitalists, resumed work on this property. It is about one mile direction X. E. of E., and is from 10 to 25 feet wide. Its composition from the East End, 14 miles from the Beaver, and 36 miles from Port is similar to the others and carries galena, blende, copper and iron Arthur. The work done at visit consisted of surface structures, pyrites. It is 14 miles west of Poit Arthur. Herrick and Logan made shaft house, ore houses, assay and general offices, boarding house, store special mention of this vein in the first survey of this district, and house, blacksmith and machine shop, carpenter shop, six miners Prof. Selwyn also in 1869, and English experts have pronounced favor cottages, stables, etc. About 30 men were then employed. A 25 ably upon it. Mr. Walpole Roland, C.E.,M.E., of Port Arthur, who horse-power boiler supplied steam for the hoisting and pimping plant. is made a careful examination of it, says : It a true vein, with the Up to April 17th about 225 feet of sinking and 500 feet of drifting strongest evidences of rich mineralization, and is altogether too good a had been done, and the vein is being opened in four places about 500 lie is F. continuous ore the property to dormant any longer." It owned by Mr. Proudfoot, feet apart. The main shaft had from surface, and of Winnipeg. at a depth of 200 feet was improving in quantity and quality. The No. 2 shaft struck rich ore near the and at a of 55 feet The general vein strike of the group is N. E. except the Beaver. surface, depth was drifting along a rich ore body, assaying from 3,000 to 18,000 oz. SILVER MOUNTAIN GROUP. silver per ton. Six assays made from the ore taken out in develop of this are almost of the siliceous class ment at this went oz. oz. oz The rocks group altogether point respectively 11,000 , 8,100 , 3,120 , in their lower division, the beds with a few exceptions sloping at low 7,330 oz., 18,120 oz., 15,580 oz. to the ton, the owners state. angles, and the upper division nearly altogether consists of the soft Mr. H. W. Tallant, of the Denver Mint, examined this property black argillacious. The archean rocks project into this field from the last summer some time after work had been resumed, and said it was a north, and present the Laurentian characteristics, being largely covered strong fissure vein of wonderful promise and predicted immense results. with drift deposits consisting of still white clay, sand and gravel. Tlie He took samples from the vein in the main shaft at different points, general surface of this drift is some 300 feet below the hilltop, and the which were assayed at the Denver Mint with the following results : streams have cut valleys below this still, with sides often 100 feet high, 400 oz., 290 oz., l82 oz., 21 oz., 860 oz., 40 oz., and 11,000 oz. the latter being also water gullied. Some $35,000 have been already expended by this company, and is in ore. The is called the West End Silver Mountain Mine East Knd, or Shuniah Weachu Mine The every opening company Mining of Co. Mr. H. N. Nichols is general manager; H. K. Nichols, superin enclosing rock is argillite, topped as usual by a sheet columnar trap, teudent, and J. J. Dennen, assayer. The company contemplate putting the falling being clearly visible and amounting to 80 feet. The me and more extensive machinery this season. tallic minerals are light and dark blende, galena, iron pyrites and a up larger hoisting plant as or little copper pyrites, the silver occurim both Dative and sulphide Crown Point Mine. This vein is from 3 to 4 feet wide, the silver The is the most sheets argentite. argeutite common, forming films, being argentite in leaf and nugget, the enclosing rock being very simi and solid nuggets often several ounces in weight, while the sulphide is lar to Silver Mountain mine. The work up to visit consisted of some often in fern and wire forms. The first ore found here was re more 530 feet of drifting, 110 feet of cross-cutting and a 10-feet winze, ten and E. I). he "felt sure that several markably rich, Ingills, M.E., says men being employed, no hoisting or pumping machinery being then tons of ore could have been obtained from the same which would spot required. All the development has been done by the original owners, to ton." He then silver bear average 1,000 $2,000 per says, "though who have not had enough capital to open the vein more, though the has been found at several other in the none of it is ing rock spots vein, results have certainly been encouraging. It is owned by A. D. Cum- nor do the so far 1887 seem to have re as rich as this, developments mings, of Duluth, and VV. N. Montgomery, of Virginia City, U.S.A. extensive bodies of but an fact sulted in proving any ore, encouraging Quite a lot of ore (said to be 1,200 tons) is on the dump, for which the the west a mile distant on the same of ore is the finding in end, vein, owner claims an average value of $250 per ton, and was then about ard it would seem if between these ex running $127 per ton, strange making a shipment to Omaha. The buildings are dry house and smith s the vein was found barren of bodies of treme points, any payable yield shop, sleeping quarters and eating house, office and residence. The size." silver ore was also obtained in two small counter and Some good property contains 160 acres, and is on Silver Mountain, and a few

of main vein . This mine was first leased to veins on either side the hundred yards from the East End mine. Americans on 12 months option, who began work in the spring of 1885, Silver Valley, R 111 This is one mile northeast of Silver Falls, and some 10,000, but at the end of the year did not care to pay spent and is (.wncd by \V. H. Laird, C. S. Morris and P. M. French, but is the asked, and gave tlm property up to its owners, who then in price not yet developed. terested with them Messrs. Trethewey, who formerly managed Silver Silver R 70 This is 23 miles from Murillo Station, Islet Mine. In 1886 a little work was done resulting in striking more Hill, property and contains IbO acres. Some testing work was done on this vein, and silver in the upper tunnel, and in October a Liverpool, England, com Mr. V. Bowerman, of Port Arthur, who had some reports on this mine pany bought the mine, began work October 27, and has carried on said showed it to be a valuable but he was not at is as follows : they property liberty operations ever since. Their share capital 100,000, directors and other ser to give them just then. Cost of property a.nd floating co., 55,000, for Palisades R 97- R 98 This is nine miles west of Beaver Mine vices in forming company, 9,000 ; working capital, 3,600. dipt. Vein, Thomas Trethewey and Mr. A, J. D. Blythe are the resident officers of and directly on the wagon road. The vein is a strong one averaging this company. It is 13 miles west of the Beaver mine, and comprises six feet wide and was traced a half mile. Mr. Malloy an expert pro vein. Dr. Lehnan made several from over 1,300 feet of vein in length, the average width being six feet, nounced it a true fissure assays to middle of of its ore which ran from to an though ranging from 13 feet down to a few inches. Up picked samples $50 $1,200 per ton, made Mr. Chas. Kreissman ton. March this year the work done was 3,363 feet of drifting, 786 feet of assay from the outcrop by gave $13 per has a test shaft of some 40 shaft sunk, 468 feet of winze and 366 feet of rise, 45 men being em This property contains 320 acres and had a of feet sunk on it. It is owned Messrs. Mclntosh & Johnston and ployed on an average. This mine was then down depth 470 feet, by then in the Oliver Dounais of Port and aie now for having passed through the trap and slates and was working Arthur, negotiations proceeding over its sale and chert. Capt. Trethewey said that at 360 feet much ore, assaying operation. vT A U i 1 j-iT |-1 1

M L ml i

;

1 M U 1 >. A^T|-I j-i UUU^T-pAT-H

OWNERS AND OFFICERS OF SILVER MINES IN PORT ARTHUR DISTRICT.

9. K. I 11. I 13. A. 1. A. D. Cummings, 8. C:.pt. Uan l McPhce, 5 Chas. 1-n-nt. 7. Capt. T. Trethervey, H. Xichol. W. I. Simmons, Falco.

t Mt. Mine. Mine. Silver Kox Mine. Silver W. End [ Crown Point Mine. Rabbit Ml. Mine. ,u!^(-r Mine. Shuniah We.u:hu Mine. | Badger

.- I 12 I Oliver nats. 2. H. X. Xichol. 4 A. I. I) 0. \V. R,)1:in<l. 8. W. N. 10 Thos. Hooper, Capt. Cottam, U. Dow Riythe, <> Montgornery, Cap. Silver Ml. W. End Mine. Shuniah Weachu Mine, C- E. Mining Engineer. Crown Point Mine. Beaver Mine. Silver Wolverine Mine. LI i I.-I.-LI , iv- re [^T AJ-YT-J-I \i ^-TK AT

POET ARTHUR TOWN OFFICIALS.

x !!. I \V. E. I I l.. Krown. 13IS. 1< I. 111 K NVIiol u. W w. MurdpcK,Murdrck, .[C City 7 Elliott, I Nichol, C - i * I - c H SI, r, 5 l-is \ Fr-iscr - -- -- . hi . F,r.: I , K. Ruu.n. - I I W !-.,!.., ,.,. | u. J 4 U - P.N,cholson.|lO.G.M |u J." ! FORT JlRTJiUR ILLUSTRATED.

110. This vein is 35 miles S.\V. of those of the Silver Silver Fall, R Port Arthur, Fox and are easily traced. With sufficient capital the Whitefish Lake wagon roatl passing near it, and the proposed Pt. the Silver Tip promises to be one of the steady producers in the A. D. & W. Ry. runs through the property. It contains 80 acres, is country. timbered and has a creek with water to a 50 well enough power keep Mining locations. 26 T, 27 T, 29 T. These are on south side of mill in constant work. The vein is from 2 to 12 feet wide, shown stamp Little Gull Lake, four miles X.W. of Whitefish Lake and forty-six miles shafts 30, 60 and 200 feet well defined walls, carries by apart, from Port Arthur, the projected wagcn road passes near them. W. H. and native the the of sulphides silver, gangue being peculiar pink spar : "the vein is well ,"i Furlonge, M.E , says defined and from to 8 fest Silver Islet vein. Dr. Lehnan : "Silver Falls is one of the best says wide, showing zinc blende, galena and pyrites giving $19 in silver per properties in the district." Mr. Peter McKellar reports : "The sur a small ton and amount of gold." face soil is good for cereals and root crops. The local disturbance is Black Bear Lode. This strikes X. E. the 37 degrees , vein unusual in this flat lying formation, the Animikie, and I consider such, averag ing four feet wide is slickensided and shows strong mineralisation favorable places to explore for metalliferous veins. It belongs to the Some work has also been done on Sunset Lake vein, Medicine Bluff, veins intersecting the silver belt, and is well worthy of thorough Scripture vein, Hurlburts, Geronx s, Laplaute s, etc. mining test." Mr. Walpole Roland, C.E., M.E., saya it has "a good A small steamer owned by the West End Mining Co., is now run showing of leaf silver. Capt. John Trethewey says it is "a well ning on Whitefish Lake for use of mining men. defined vein which promises well." Dr . Lehnan made 20 assays of its ore ranging from 1 5 to 540 PRESENT POSITION. ounces of silver per ton, with a trace of gold. This property is owned Communication is much improved in the district, and is good. The Mr. J. C. of Port Arthur, who has over 000 by Masking, expended So, C. P. Ry. affords connection with the rest of the world, the shores are upon it, the surface work including smith s shop, boarding house, men s easily reached from Port Arthur by tug or small craft, while the etc. quarters, Dawson road, Colonization road and others, with the numerous canoe Mine.- This is a half mile from Silver Mt. Augusta property west routes afford connection with the interior. Freight rates are now reas contains acres and has a road it. is end, 139 good wagon through It onable, both in supplies for the mines and products from them, and the distant the C. P. R. 26 is covered with timber suitable for from miles, growth of agricultural settlement will still further reduce the cost of mining purposes, and borders on a small lake. The formation is similar sustenance. to other veins of the group. Some three acres are cleared and mining The silver mines working at present are the Beaver, Badger, Silver buildings erected. Mr. Peter McKellar, who examined it, five or says Mountain East End, Silver Mountain West End, Crown Point, Silver six small veins in a 60 foot breadth show in the exposure and seem to be Wolverine, Silver Fox, and Elgin, and some other locations are either portions of one vein fissure. An 80 foot tunnel is driven in the slates being developed or preparations being made therefor. 15 feet below the trap, showing the vein continuous, with a fair show RESULTS ATTAINED. of ores including silver. The vein varied from a few to 16 inches and it Until the of the Pacific I broke out silver glance and consider one of great promise." A. opening Canadian Railway in 1883-86, Falco, M.E., of Silver Fox Mine, also reported favorably upon this from ocean to ocean, through the district, communications with the out property, and an assay by Mr. Charles Brent, of Badger Mine, gave side world were poor being by boat and in summer only and this 860 ounces of silver per ton of 2000 pounds, so the owner, Mr. Silas even only affected the ends of the lake, though S ime connection was Griffiths says. kept up with fishing stations, etc., by tugs and other irregular steamers, and the whole coast line of hundreds ol miles the natural base 193 T. This vein is six miles south of Silver Mountain, west, and forming of had to be reached these means. contains 139 acres. It is also owned by Mr. Griffiths who states that a explorers operations by imperfect Add to these the former absence of interior canoe or test pit on it made a good showing of silver. roads, compelling boat travel and foot on men s the WHITEFISH LAKE GROUP. journeys, carrying supplies backs, dense bush, limiting sight, and the snow in winter, and also the ex The Silver Wolverine Mine. This contains SO acres, property pense of supplies, as owing to the absence of farmers until last few years, less than mile from the north shore of \Vhitelish and east J Lake, just everything was imported. These great difficulties were also expensive, of the Queen location. F. I. S. of the Beaver Capt. Williams, Mine, causing a very gradual opening up of the region, and largely deterred describes it thus: It is on the run of the mineralized general highly people from making or developing discoveries. Even when work began belt and the silver ores of this and carries two carrying district, to test veins, incorrect estimates of the amount needed to develop a defined veins. The vein at surface is strongly 4J feet wide, and at prospect into a proved mine, either caused premature abandoning or a 16 feet is 3i and widens to feet at bottom of shaft depth 4J (then down starting with insufficient capital and exhaustion of the funds before the 34 feet). The vein is of and tluor composed quartz, calcite, spar, vein was proved a paying one or not. Capital was also used in building native black or carrying silver, argentiferous galena, pyrites, glance stamp mills and other surface work not at once needed, which if em and zinc the latter in this district silver, blende, invariably carries ployed in under-ground work might have carried the property through considerable silver. The of this general appearance lode is very stretches of poor vein to a paying standpoint. Then consider the changes indeed, the facilities for are and promising developing very favorable, in the mining laws, high prices upon locations and proprietary squabbles the location a most excellent for into a presents prospect developing and a desire to work only the very richest ores, neglecting the more last first class mine when out. properly opened ing and finally profitable low grade ores. These failures from such Mr. H. De Assoc. Mem. I.C.K. and : Q. Sewell, D.L.S. reports causes affected the region unfavorably and render it difficult to interest "The Wolverine is well wooded with timber suitable for and building those at a distance, who, unacquainted with these inside facts, must while its above the lake afford mining purposes, height facilities for judge from outside appearances. mining not often met with. The located line of the Pt. A. D. & W. Ry., Considering all the circumstances and with the light of this in which it is expected will be built soon, passes through the location." formation, the reasonable investigator will admit that the results, This mine is being worked by an English company, incorporated, attained have been satisfactory. with a capital of 100,000, Mr. A. B. Cottam being local agent. CENEP.AL NOTTS. Silver Fox Mine, R 264. This property is 12 miles west of Silver Mountain, and is operated by Messrs. H. N. ^Nichols and Achilles Falco, Mr. Chas. F. Eschweiler, Mining Engineer, of Milwaukee, United work having begun in June, 188S, some ten men being employed. A States, and discoverer of the rich BaJger mine, advises the formation of an road of four miles had to be cut, and lumber for building whipsawed, exploring company, to make the most of the mineral wealth of " and all supplies, tools, etc., packed in. The shaft in March 1889 was the country, and says : Your mining districts deserve more than any down 25 feet and cross cut of 125 feet run, working one shift. The other on this continent the fullest and closest attention. There is not the least doubt in buildings are a boarding house, office and manager s house, smith s shop, my mind, that the north shore of Lake Superior will ore house, etc. The vein is a true fissure about 4 feet wide, and the equal, if not surpass, the great success of the mines of the south shore." shaft shows considerable but the amount of water high grade ore, MK. N. LEHXEX, Ph. D., analytical chemist, of St. Paul. U. S., in the shaft further until such time as coming stopped sinking the says "Port Arthur district will be the most important silver field in the owners are able to in either get machinery, by railroad facilities or world. The deposits are more easily reached and worked than else road. wagon Meanwhile the cross cut is being pushed to cut the vein where, and the ore richer The veins are either struck at surface or at a of about 160 feet from the surface. depth near to it, and are from 2 to more feet wide. The veins are true, and Silver Tip Mine. This is 35 miles from Murillo station on the with no trouble from water in the mines, as they are 150 feet above water C. P. R. and the line and is in upon of the proposed Pt. A. D. & W. Railway. level, timbering needed only the shaft, and little even there. Silver Fox wagon road runs through the location on the south end, and There are ample supplies of fuel and water at close command and at Wolverine road within a low cost for all and are passes mile on its northern boundary.lary. Two mining wants, supplies reasonable and easily distinct veins laid in." very running parallel to each other, show outcroppings at various on the places surface, with an average width of six fuel, and It is a curious fact that some of the most valuable mines in " though tilledd withwit I calcites, fluorites, barytes, quartz and pyrites of copper and Port Arthur district, were pointed out by Indians, yet at first none of iron the , ore native silver. The veins are an extension pay being of them could be induced to tell the situation or go near the properties. PORT JIRTJiUR, ILLUSTRATED.

to describe them to though perhaps willing closely enough enable others five years, until the near approach of the railway connection stopped it. to find them. This superstitious objection to making known the loca As some 3,000 men were employed on the sections supplied from here, tions of minerals is ascribed to his idea that they are of a sacred character, during the building of the C. P. Ry., causing an immense flow of money, the of which will cause him disclosing trouble or early death. They it gave the place a strong advance In 1878 Shuniah municipality be are now believed to richer possess gold specimens than any hitherto gan building the Prince Arthur s Landing and Kaministiquia Ky., cost obtained in the district. ing 40,000, and which is now merged into the C. P. K. system. The house in Iron explorations have been carried on on the range which extends log built 1868 was used by the Public Works Department and southwest from the C. P. R. at Kaministiquia station to the Inter after by the Ontario Bank in 1875, and now stands on the Government reserve the on Cumberland street. national Boundary. The surface indications are that ore of quite as opposite Baptist church, The first dock was built in for the old good quality and certainly to quite as great an extent exists there as is 1S6S, wooding up Algoma steamship, and to be found south of the line and Port served for the and for the first Red Kiver ; Arthur may yet be an iron ore landing troops supplies Expe shipping port of importance. dition, General Wolsely sending the builder, Mr. James Dickson, a 550 cheque for its use, being more than the structure cost. In 18158 Mr. In connection with the mining industry two names are worthy of Dickson built the first store for Air. Thomas Marks, a place 10x10 feet, special mention and the President of the Port Arthur Board of Trade 8 " and feet high, out of 1,000 feet of lumber which he and Mr. James thus refers to them in his last address : I cannot conclude this sub Flaherty rafted ashore, June 12th, it being the first lumber imported. ject without mentioning the names of two men, to wiiose indefatigable The same Mr. built the first on the Dawson exertions, probably more than to any others who have interested them year Flaherty stopping place, Road, and afterward built and owned the first hotels, the first and second selves in mining in this district, much of the success and energy now Queen s which stood on the site of the Northern. displayed are due. while to either one or the other must be given the In 1881 the town had 1,000 people and 50 business houses, both credit for having been instrumental in attracting to our midst nearly doubling the next year. In the fall of 1882 the railway contractors all the outside capital now employed in this industry. It is, of course, opened the line to and in the Canadian needless for me to say that these gentlemen are Mr. Thomas A. Keefer through Winnipeg, May, 1883, Pacific Ry. Co. took over the line from them, and in it for full and Mr. Walpole Roland, C.E., M.E." opening traffic in 1880 placed the town in close connection with the world. Mr. T. A. Keefer is a Canadian education and taste. by birth, THE TOWN GOVERNMENT. He is a barrister, and was honored by the British Association for the In Advancement of Science in being made a member of that body some 1871 the town site was laid out by the Ontario Government and years since, as a mark of approval of his labor in their field. in 1S73 it was incorporated along with the adjoining townships of Blake, Crooks, Pardee and To Mr. Keefer was mainly due the attractive and very effective Mclntyre, McGregor. Paipoonge, Neebing, the Island Ward and formed the of Shuniah. In March mineral collection sent from Port Arthur to the Colonial Exhibition municipality 1884 the Town of Port Arthur was incorporated out of this some three years since, and he has for years spent an immense amount municipality, and consists of the North and South Wards of Prince Arthur s Landing of time, labor and money in the endeavor to place fully and properly with portions of the townships of Mclntyre and McGregor. The before the world a true knowledge of the extent, variety and wonderful Town is divided into three wards as follows : The value of the mineral deposits of this district. He was one of the represented Mayor elected by the whole town and three councillors from each ward elected original owners of the Beaver and Rabbit Mountain silver mines, and by the ratepayers in the respective wards. The first council consisted at present in whole or part of the Huroniau gold mine, Zenith zinc of Thomas Marks, Mayor, by acclamation, and councillors. Ward one mine, Porcupine, Silver Creek, West Beaver, Big Bear and various Geo. H. Kennedy, R. Vigars, J. C. Husking. Ward two W. G. other silver mines and mining locations and other mineral properties. Smith, Win. Margach, James Dickson. Ward three A. L. Russell, Upon all he has done, alone or with others, a large amount of develop J. F. Ruttan, J. T. Mackay. ment, costing a very large amount of money and resulting in the inflow THE TOWN S DAILY LIFE. of capitalists and mining men, from whom the district is now reaping also in great profit. Mr. Keefer has taken great interest the agricul The town bell, at the police station, rings at 7, 12, 13 and 19 o clock the is of ture of district, president the VVhitefish Valley Colonization and on Sunday s at 11, 18:30 and 19 o clock for all the churches except Company, and has under cultivation a considerable farm on Pie Island. the Roman Catholic, which has its own bell and rings at 6, 8, 10;30, 12, 18, 18:30 and 19 o clock. Walpole Roland, C.E., M.E. This gentleman gave the new mining The schools begin at 9:30, the noon recess being 1 \ hours, and close district a great impetus two years since in his exhaustive work "Algoma at 16 o clock. is West," which now bearing fruit, his long and intimate knowledge of Mails arrive, from the west, at 14:30, daily except Tuesday, and 1 he country and its mineral resources specially fitting him for the task. from the east, at 14:30. daily except Friday. Mails close daily at 13;30 With his fine education as a civil engineer, great natural abilities and except Tuesday for the west and Friday for the east. facile pen, he lias been of great service to Western Canada, and in Steamboats from points on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay arrive deed the Dominion, as he was a long time exploratory engineer on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and from Duluth, Monday, Tuesday, .surveys for the Intercolonial and Canadian Pacific Railways, and a Thursday and Friday, and leave same days. trusty examiner and valuator for the latter company in the Northwest C.P.Ry. boats arrive Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 10; Territories. He also made a special survey in the Athabasca country, leave for the east, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 15 o clock. and the first survey for the railway from Winnipeg to Hudson s Bay. Fort William leaves at 6:30, 9:15, 13:30 and 16:15 Born in India, educated at School, he entered the Ferry daily Edinburgh High o clock. and saw active service in India and China. After Bengal Engineers Town Council meets second and fourth in each from the British he came to Canada, has had every Monday retiring army, many month. years experience as a mining expert, from Nova Scotia to Algoma, Board of Trade Council meets first Tuesday in each month. and has written many valuable and most interesting articles, among Board of Trade meets first in January, April, July and them a series for the Manitoba Colonial, of which he was Tuesday journal October. mining editor in 1887. Among the lodes in 1 ort Arthur district he Fire Brigade meets every Wednesday at 19:30 o clock. has been instrumental in organizing and developing into true minehood C.P.Ry. telegraph oth ce open on week days from 8 to 20, and on are the Silver Wolverine, the West Beaver, the Porcupine, Silver Sunday from 9 to 10 and from 16 to 17 o clock. Creek, Big Bew, Silver Champion, Palisade and Lone Pine, upon which There are about 4,000 in the town, and they keep 1 17 considerable work has been done, ami ino.st are known to be rich. people horses, 140 cows and 174 dogs.

Seme Port First Persons and Events.

lies The first white resident was Frank Sr. who came from The town is on the western height of Thunder Bay, and in Brown, , latitude 48 26 N, and longitude 89 31 west. It is in Thunder Biy Collingwood, Ontario, in 1857. district, in Western Algoma, a division of the great Province of Ontario, First white child born was .lane McKachen, in 186 1. J. A. M.D. first J. the largest, wealthiest and most important member of the Dominion of First Physician, Macdonell, ; lawyer, Fit/.ger-

first L>. D. Van first Canada In 18,57 Mr. Robert McVicar, Crown Lands Agent, the first ald ; stipendiary magistrate, Norman ; sheriff, of John F. I). first dist. John M. white settler, built the first house near the present intersection Ar Clarke, M ; judge court, Hamilton, 1884; of first D. M. Blackwood first Thomas thur and Cumberland streets, then covered with a heavy growth postmaster, ; mayor. Marks,

1S84 : first board of Marks. timber. The original town contained only 534 acres, which were sold April 2<S, president trade, Thomas at public auction by the Government. Kirst house was built in 1857, by Robert McVicar; first store In 18.M) Mr. S. J. Dawson, now M.P. for Algoma, suggested to the in 1868, by James Dickson for Thomas Marks & Co.; first dock in 1868, for ks A Co. first Government of Canada the propriety of a road from Thunder Bay to by James Dickson Thomas Mai , hotel, by James Flaherty; first mail servica via 1861 first sod turned on C. P. June Manitoba, and work was begun on it 1868-69, and continued for some Duluth, ; Ry., T" 1 1 ; i ; -r- 1 PC T A u i T- A ; n . \i \-i 1-] up p

: PC -C T A ? T 1 11 i [ UU-U S T -C ,\ ! R f). I I A T- 1.1 I ; .- U g-T :-\ T E D. p [-1 fv p PORT jqRTiHUR ILLUSTRATED.

at 8 in first min- Meets 1st and 3rd Friday in each month p.m. Hall, Wright 1875; first Ry. engine entered Port Arthur, May 6, 1877; 1st, Block. ODDFELLOWS.

: PORT ARTHUR LODGE, 244 I. O.O.F Officers : A. M. Gill, J.P.G. s Hall first Alex. W. Rec. Sec.; M- consider C. P. Ry. connection, June, 1875, in Hebert ; J. W. Crooks. V.G.; Allen, V.G.; Burrows, J. Clifford first Treas. cargo of railroad iron, from Europe, 550 tons, Capt. ; Nicholson, Per. Sec.; W. J. Inglis, loaded cargo of grain exported on steam barge Erin, Capt. J. Clifford, Meets every Wednesday night. from cars at Marks wharf. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. of Karl Sir John Franklin on way to arctic circle 1846; visit passed 5 Officers : Geo. C C. ; James of CRUSADER LODGE, No. Hodder, and Countess Dufferin, 1874; visit of of Lome, 1881; visit Marquis James Webb, K.H.S. ; M. V.C. ; C. W. Hamilton, Prelate; 11, Symons, of Landsdowue, 1885 ; Dominion opened, May Express M. of A ; Martinis D. Campbell, M.F.; D. E. Andrews, M.E.; Johnston Carson, 1883; first dock, 1872-73; Ontario Bank opened, permanent govt., Robert J.G.; Alfred Sauiiders, A.G.; M. C. Campbell, D.D. mails to Fort 1855; Red River Expedition under Hughes, 1875; Garry began, G.C. Dawson Route 1868 ; General Wolseley arrived, May, 1870 ; begun, in Arthur St. Meets every Tuesday night at 8 o clock lodge room, for Saskatchewan trouble arrived, April, 1885, and returned Troops in First W. H. Davis. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, OF.ANGE LODGE Founded 1867. Master, July, 1885; Canadian Pacific Ry. opened P. ; W. H. Present officers : A. Allen, master ; John Hale, secretary 1st, 1886. July first in each Davis, treasurer. There are 57 members. Meet Monday month in their hall, Park Street. and POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS. Companies Corporations. LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE ASSOCIATION OF WEST ALGOMA Geo. H.

Oeo. A. Pres F. H. 1st ; A. Squier, LAKE SUPERIOR TUG COMPANY (LIMITED). Graham, Macdonell, president ; Keefer, vice-president treasurer. 1888 W. ; A. More, : ; $12,500. W. ident H. A. Wiley, Manager. Incorporated, capital 2nd vice-president ; Russell, secretary Geo. * Composed of Thomas Marks, George A. Graham, John T. Home, PORT ARTHUR LIBERAL ASSOCIATION Geo. A. Graham, president Business T. J. C. H. A. Towing, wrecking, I. L. 2nd ; Marks, Graham, Wiley. J. A. Mclntosh, 1st vice-president ; Matthews, vice-president lightering. Geo. Hodder, secretary-treasurer. 100 tons. Vessels Tug Mary Anne MILITARY BODIES. " " 50 Salty Jack 300 ; " 150 ALGOMA RIFLE 96TH BATTALION. Total Strength Organized Steam barge Butcher Boy Port Arthur. Staff S. W. 1886 Six ; Ray, Lighter Black Prince 75 ; Companies Headquarters Lieut. -Col. T. H. Elliott, Lieut. G. A. Kobold, Reciprocity 200 Commanding;; Major; Officers Port Arthur : G. S. Beck, M.D., Surgeon. Company: THE THUNDER BAY BOOM AND SLIDE, LUMBER, DOCK AND FORWARD Adjutant M. N. Garland, Captain; J. H. Woodside, first Lieut.; George ING COMPANY 1885; capital 50,000. James (LIMITED). Incorporated Hodder, second Lieut. Conmee, M. P. P, President ; James McTeigue, Secretary. Drill Tuesday, Thursday, weekly. AND ELEVATOR COMPANY. Es nights THE THUNDER BAY FORWARDING Affiliated with Dominion Thomas RIFLF. ASSOCIATION Organized 1887 ; tablished 1882 ; 300,000. Marks, President; George capital, Rifle Association Wm. Murdoch, President; M. N. Garland, 1st T. Marks, Secretary. 2nd Vice G. T. Vice Pres. ; Geo. Hodder, Pres.; Ware, Secretary. LAKE SUPERIOR DOCK, FORWARDING AND ELEVATOR COMPANY. successful and has About 50 members ; has had two very matches, Established 1882 D. F. Burke, President. ; capital, 100,000. an excellent range of 1000 yards. POKT ARTHUK, DULUTH AND WESTERN RAILWAY. Incorporated 1885. M. Dwyer, President; James McTeigue, Secretary. THE ONTARIO AND RAINY RIVER RAILWAY COMPANY. James Internal Revenue. President. Conmee, M.P. P. , in The collector Mr. PORT ARTHUR WATER, POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY. Organized I his office was opened 1874. present being A. Ironside. The collections for 1884 were, 18,225.18; for 1888. Jl. Dwyer, President; James McTeigue, Secretary. George 1885 were, 20,500.08; for 1886 were, 21,784.88; for 1887 were, $15,- 835.09, and for 1888 were, 15,176.88. Secret and otfyer Societies.

Source of tfye St. Lawrence. SIIUNIAH CHAPTER, R.A.M., No. 82. G.R.C. Officers : Ex. Comps. G. J. E. This is in Coldwater Lake, the last of three small ponds, altogether J. A. Eraser, Z; R. E. Mitchell, I.P.Z ; W. Smith, H ; L. S.N H. de about one mile thence a small stream across which Johnston, J ; W. J. Clarke, S.E. Comps. W. Bell, ; long, flowing through River and thence into Lake and Q. Sewell, PS. Rt. Ex. Comp. S. W. Ray, Treas. Comp. W. H. the willows almost touch, into Dog Dog and Lake I. J.S. Ex. A. W. on into the and to Thunder Superior. Demuth, S.S ; T. Roberts, Comp. Thompson, Kaministiquia Bay 1st Veil 0. Lake is about 60 miles in a direct line from Port Arthur, Master of Ceremonies. Comps. A. H. Chase, Master ; Coldwater much trouble. It is 3 feet deep, tem Master 3rd Veil ; J. K. can be reached without W. Bonter, Master 2nd Veil ; C. H. Strutt, and miles E. Janitor. and is 722 feet above Lake Superior, and 3 McLennan, Master 4th Veil. Ex. Comp. R. Mitchell, perature 40", clean, from watershed. SHUNIAH LODGE, A.F. & A.M., No. 287, G.R.C. Officers : W. J. I. P. A. Bro. J. E. Johnston, W.M. ; A. Fraser, M ; More, S.W ; W. J. Treas. C. A. Laney, J.\V.; J. H. Woodside, Chap. ; Clarke, ; M. J.D V. Geo Mooring, Sec.; W. H. Demuth, S.D.; N. Garland, ; Season of .Navigation. W. Bro. \\ . C. Dobie, D. of C.; R.W. Bro. S. W. Ray, Organist; and Thunder in 1873, April 28; 1874, A. Saundeis, I.G.; G. W. Brown, S.S.; J. A. Woodside, J.S.; John Lake Superior Bay opened 12; 1876, 6; 1877, April 17; 1878, March 18; Gootihead, Tyler. April IS; 1875, May May 3; 1882, March 20; 1883, Meets first on or before full moon. 1879 April 24; 1880, April 5; 1881, May Tuesday 11; Apri l25; 1884, April 24; 1885, May 2; 1886, April 30; 1887, May GRAND 17TH ALGOMA DISTRICT Officers: R.W. Bro. LODGE, 1888, May 21; 1889, April 19. S. W. D.D.G.; A. W. Thompson, P.D.D.G.M. In Ray, In all the years named it has closed in December, namely: No. ORGANIZED 1879 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS, RAY PRECEPTOHY, 23, 1873 Dec. 3; 1874, 28th; 1875, 4th; 1876,14th; 1877,14th; 1878,31st; S. R. E. Marshal W. J. 16th: W. Ray, Eminent Preceptor; Mitchell, ; 1879 20th; 1880, 3rd; 1881, 31st; 1882, 7th; 1883, 30th; 1884, Constable. 27th. Clarke, 1885, 20th; 1886, 16th; 1887, 16th; 1888, Meets every Wednesday on or before full moon, Masonic Hall. CANADIAN OKDER OF FORESTERS.

COURT PORT AP.THUR, No. 194 Officers : I. L. Mathews, D.D. Trie Timber Wealth;. - Geo. C.R ; J. A. Friser, V.C.; R. I Lawrence, H.C.R.; Slipper, of in the Thun is said there are hundred million feet pine Rec. Sec.; J. Woodside, Fin. Sec.: W. J. liarrie, Treas.: Hy. Mur It eight Arthur. This lies in A. der and chiefly tributary to Port doch, Chap.; W. C Woodside, Sen. W.; H. Gazeley, Jun. W. ; W. Bay district, and south to the International F. S. Court the area from Lake Superior to Savanne, Thompson, B. ; Witherspoon, B.; G. Beck, M.D., In the stretch of ten miles west from Frog Lake it Physician. boundary. square PORT .HRTJiUR, ILLUSTRATED. is estimated there are thirty million feet. There are vast quantities of The steamer Independence was on Lake Superior in September, poplar also, some of large size, and a considerable amount of tamarac 1845, but the first steam vessel known to enter Thunder Bay was the and cedar, with some birch, spruce, ash and other woods. Julia Palmer, a side wheeler of 280 tons, which was sent from Detroit The late surveyor-general, Lindsay Russell, and Mr. James Con- to St. Ignace Island, in Nepigon Bay, with men and supplies for the mee, M.PP. for Algoma, and Mr. S. J. Dawson, M. P., estimate that Montreal Mining Company. She coasted on westward and came into from Lake Superior to the Lake of the Woods there are twenty five Thunder Bay in September, 1846. She was built at Buffalo as a full thousand million feet of timber, board measure. rigged ship, and afterwards converted into a side-wheel steamer, and hauled over the rapids at Sault Ste. Marie in 1846. She was followed in 1857 by the Rescue, which plied between Collingwood and Thunder until the Autumn of the in on Decks and Bay 1858, Ploughboy running opposition, Frontage. the same route, at the same time. In 1S62 the Rescue again appeared on this for the Northwest Transit Co. the mails for Fort There are nine docks at present, with a total dockage accommoda route, carrying and she had the in tion of fourteen thousand two hundred feet, and the water frontage of Garry (now Winnipeg), again Ploughboy opposition, at intervals. In 1865, the a side-wheel, of the town is six miles. The docks are : though irregular Algoma, Feet. 416 tons, began on this route and continued until 1871.

Thos. Marks & Co. No. 5 1 ,000 In 1869 the Chicora came on also and ran until the autumn of 1875. C. P. R. Co. No. 1 1,000 She was built by Laird, at Birkenhead, on the Mersey, England, in 2 1,000 1861, named, Letter B., and bought by the Chicora Company, of 1 S. C. who named her the and used her as a Lake Superior Dock Co ,000 Charleston, , Chicora, Thunder Bay Dock Co. No. 5 1,000 blockade runner during the American war, being commanded, during Thos. Marks & Co. No. 3 600 the blockade, by Capt. Coxetter, now of Savanne, Out. She now Smith & Mitchell 600 runs from Toronto to Niagara. In 1870 the Cumberland was added G. 0. Clavet 600 to the route and ran until 1877, when she was wrecked, and became a W. H. Davis 300 total loss, on the Rock of Ages, a sunken reef off the west end of Isle Royale. In 1869-70, the Canadian and British Governments employed the following vessels in carrying troops and supplies from Collingwood to Thunder Bay, for the suppression of the Red River trouble . Thunder Bay and Yachting. NAME. NATIONALITY. entrance is This magnificent body of water is 32 by 16 miles. The Steamer Clematis ...... American .276 between Thunder 1,350 feet high, and Pie Island, 850 feet, and Cape, do Arctic do .618 five miles south. The of water here is 180 feet and from 60 to depth do Union ...... do .933 120 feet in the bay. do Brooklyn...... do .439 An experienced sailor says this is one of the finest bays imaginable do Canadian . H(i for water, room, no shoals, and nearly Algoma yachting having deep plenty Waubuno ...... do .180 wind from some A course of one hundred miles do always enough quarter. do Shickluna...... do .450 can be laid inside this magnificent bay, only geing once around. do Chicora ...... do . 550 The club have on the bay and six sailing yachts and one yacht quarters Pioneer ...... do steam launch are owned by the townsmen. A boat livery is also main Tug do M. J. Mills ...... do . 62 tained on the lake shore where 20 boats and 12 canoes are kept for hire, do Okorona ...... do . 37 and contains 12 boats of owners. Altogether some besides, private Gunboat Rescue ...... do .275 are invested in sail and row boats. An annual regatta has been $6,000 Albert ...... do 456 for some 13 and in the do Prince held on July first, Dominion Day, years past, Schooner Snow Bird ...... <!o .110 for all race about 10 or 12 sail boats start on the mile course. open ...... do .101 6 tons each do Nemesis The sail are Lurline, Albatross, cutters, deep draft, ; yachts do Pandora ...... do .326 do 3 tons; White Wings, schooner, 10 tons; Genesta, Sylvia, do, Orion ...... do .210 7 tons. do sloop, 6 tons, and Mountain Boy, schooner, The first arrivals with troops were the Algoma and Brooklyn, on head the morning of May 27th, 1870, from which were landed the of the 60th Rifles. Tfyunder Bay District. quarters stall and four companies The side-wheel steamer Manitoba began plying on the Sarnia and that of bounded a The Judicial District comprises part Algoma by Thunder Bay route in 1871, in the Beatty Line, and ran regularly each Gros on Lake to its inter line drawn due north from Cap, Superior, season until 1883, when she was driven ashore at Southampton, Like westward to a line drawn due north from section with the Albany river, Huron, and wrecked. She was rescued by the insurance companies, s Island to its intersection with Lac Seul. the easterly end of Hunter rebuilt at Detroit in 1887, sold to the C. P. Company, renamed the Its northern and southern boundaries are identical with the district of and Sault Ste. Marie. Carmona., and now plies between Owen Sound It is about 500 450 miles in connection with the Mani- Algoma. by square. ^,jie ^cad ia a p rO pellor of 450 tons, ran miles or and concon- This comprises 43,132 square 27,605,802 acres, toba m thg same Une {rom 1871 to 1873 tains a of 20,000. It is long past two centuries since the n population In 1874 the Ontario and the Quebec,nl,w. two propellersnronellors of 700 tons first was done here on the shores of Thunder Bay, and from trading were linilt at Sarnia and entered the Beatty Line the same year, here started Thompson, Harmon, Simpson, Milton, each, Verandrye, still on the Sarnia and Port Arthur route. The Que Dawson and others on their the Ontario being Cheadle, Duluth, Hennepin, Wolseley, Marie river in 1885 in 126 feet of water. She de Grossier and Rad- bec sank in the Sault Ste. of the interior. Here in 1656 M. E. with explorations was raised in 1886, rebuilt at Buffalo, renamed F. Spinner, dison and went to River, and in 1678 Daniel Gresalon explored Rainy and now trades as a steam barge. The raising of the Northwest American register, tramp the fur trading which resulted in the opening on the began of this sunken vessel was the greatest wrecking feat ever done Fur in 1808. From here departed the Red River exploring Company lakes. sent the Canadian Government under Gladmau, Hynd great expedition by of s a of 450 tons, running in the spring and Dawson in 1857, which ended in the abolition of the Hudson iiay The Asia, propeller began the boat of the Windsor and Lake Superior Line, and s claim to the great prairies of Manitoba and the Territories. 1875, as pioneer Company season the also a of 450 The whole northern shore was surveyed by David Thompson in 1798, was followed the same by Sovereign, propallor and both continued until the fall of 1876. In while in the Hudson s Bay Go s employ, and resurveyed in August, tons, in the same line, with the line and formed tlie North 1812. From 1805 to 1857 the business was confined to fur trading with 1S87 this line amalgamated Beatty The Asia was chartered by the great the Indians, and it still remains a profitable one in some sections. west Transportation Company. in and in Northern Transportation Co., of Collingwood, 1882, Septem with a loss of 102 there ber, 1882, was wrecked on Georgian Bay, lives, being only two survivors. Pert s Lake Commerce. of built on the Jlpttyur The Campana, a twin screw steamship 1,500 tons, the South American trade, was in London, England, Previous to 1829 the Northwest and Hudson s Bay Clyde for bought American, the of and in the Canada Transit Co., to replace City Winnipeg. companies had in their employ, plying on Lake Superior visiting 1881, by in two at Montreal, towed through the St. Lawrence, Thunder these vessels: The Invincible, Otter, Mink, She was cut Bay regularly, at Port Dalhousie and between Colling 20 to 100 each. Lieut. canals, joined together placed and ; running force, tons, Recovery Discovery 1882 until 1887. She is now running on the schooner Mink in the wood and Port Arthur from Bayfield, (afterwards Admiral) employed Hy- and Duluth. the N W Trans. Co. line, from Sarnia, Port Arthur drographic survey of Lake Superior. i C p-T Ap-T}-i U.p IL-K-U p-T

SOME OF THE BUSINESS MEN OF PORT ARTHUR. 1. F. S. 4 \Vll,:y II A. \Vil.-y. . \V (i. Smith. 10 \Vm. I. I.. M:uthuw> i Kfhop IS. Hi C. i. I. 2. I T. M.ick .iy H odder I M.uk.iv. 11. [. O C ..niKir A. U 17 I i J. Squier. tteo. J l. A K. \. Mill-. C .rclitlKl 0. W. I. Clarke. |.,hn Merrill. 12. I thos. Murks. IB. . A. Woodside. is. K. V SOME OF THE PROFESSIONAL, MEN OF POKT ARTHUR.

F. Cul.ljs. 18. ( ,. T Ware. Barrister. 23. Rev. A . 7 W. H 1! I A . Barrister 16 F J. McClung. l.J M. McGovern. 4. W. P Cooke, License 12 W. C Dohie (iiain In-iiLtlor 19. Kcv. F ] . Tapscott, Meth(tdi>[. Emigration Agent. Weather Observer. Inspector, H M Sr Fi-hinc Inspector. 16 W. 1, Bell, H.iptist. 24. kev.J. Pringle, 2. C. Masking, 5. J. P. Donnelly, J. 20 Fred Ptesbyt -iian. Counsellor of Shuniah. Indi.in Agent. Snp t Gram Elevator 13 Wm. McPharland, cipalily. Jones. of Shuniah. 21. T. Penfold, 25. Dr. T S. Sipielhe. I of Shum.ih Reeve Jailer." fp. \V. H L.IW, I) A I J Jndfrey. Barrister 3. 1 > I I. M. Munro, . M- I s H: UP... < r M^.,I.:., PORT jqRTcHUR, ILLUSTRATED.

with the steamers of 300 The United Empire, a propeller of 1,500 tons, launcher! at Sarnia, in Arthur, Ossifrage, tons, making bi-weekly line in and continues in it. and the Hiram R. Dickson is since added, also making bi-weekly 1882, joined the N. \V. T. Co. 1883, trips, Iti 1883 Marks North Shore Line was founded, with the propellers trips. The Francis a sidewheel steamer of 550 ran between E. M. Foster, and City of Montreal, and the steam barge Kincardine, Smith, tons, and Lake from 1870 to 1886, when she was which made regular bi-weekly trips to all north shore points during Collingwood Superior ports wrecked on Manitoulin Island. rebuilt at she was 1883-84. The Kincardine was" wrecked at Jackiish Bay in 1883, rescued Being Colliugwood, and now between Owen Sound and Sault Ste. and rebuilt. The E. M. Foster ran until the fall of 1885, when she was renamed the Baltic, plies taken to Lake Huron and foundered off Port Hope, Michigan, in the Marie. con The of Owen Sound, a of 650 tons, with the Francis fall of 1888. The City of Montreal was rebuilt at Owen Sound, City propellor Smith formed the Canada Transit and on the above route verted into a steam barge and sold to A. Campbell, of Col borne, Ont., Line, plied She until the autumn of but was wrecked at river. She and used by him in carrying sandstone from Nepigon to Chicago. 1883, Michipicoton was rebuilt at Given Sound and returned to the route, remain foundered off Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior, in the fall of 1888. rescued, there until the fall of when she was wrecked and a total In 1883, Graham s North Shore Line was founded, composed of the ing 1887, loss, each of 450 tons, and the steam on the east end of Manitoulin Island. propellers, Argyle, Ocean, and Prussia, 350 tons. In 1878 an 800 ton called the City of Winnipeg, (former barges City of Mt. Clemens, 150 tons, and Georgian, They propellor, all north shore the Anna L. came on the Canada Transit Line, and continued made bi-weekly trips between Port Arthur and points ly Craig) until when she was burned at her dock in Duluth. during 1884-85. After that the Argyle was sold to Kingston, rebuilt, 18S1, The lines now on the Port Arthur route are: converted into a steam barge and named the Glengarry. The Ocean was steamship Canadian Pacific with three mak taken to St. Catharines and now plies between there and Montreal. The Steamship Company, boats, to and from Sound. The Prussia was burned off the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior, in 1886. ing tri-weekly trips Owen The Northwest with three boats, The City of Mt. Clemens was taken to Port Huron and the Georgian to Transportation Company, making to and from Sarnia. Toronto, and afterwards to Georgian Bay and foundered there in the semi-weekly trips The with four from Mon spring of 1888. Jacques Line, boats, giving weekly trips treal. The Jacques Line began in 1882 and contained the propellers with two and connection with Acadia, 650 tons; Glenfinlas, 900 tons; St. Magnus, 800 tons; Scotia The Inman Line, boats, semi-weekly Duluth. and Canada, 450 tons each. They plied between Montreal and Port Fort Arthur. In 1883 the Glentinlas was burned at No. 2 Lock, in the old A Steamer also makes 4 daily trips on the Port Arthur and and connections are made Welland canal, at St. Catharines. This vessel was built in 1856, and William Ferry line, frequent with^oint* the shore and islands of Lake named the City of Brantford, was afterwards bought by the Welland along Superior. Calabria and ran on Lake between Port Ry . Co., renamed the Ontario, Dalhousie and Kingston, being too large to pass through the old Wel land canal. The Duluth and North Shore Line consisted of the tugs Siskiwit, Fly-Fishing on the .Nepigon. 75 tons; Amethyst, 60 tons; T. H. Camp, 90 tons, and the steamer Isle and Agnes, 150 tons. In 1884 they renamed the latter the Royale, BY CLOU D ABHENT. she foundered off Isle Royale in 1886. The Amethyst went ashore in December, 1880, at Grand Marias; was rescued and rebuilt at Duluth. It is hard not to go into eestacies and be carried away by one s en This line carried the overland mails from Duluth each season after the thusiasm when to write of the glorious fishing on this the was on this attempting lower lake boats ceased running. In 1884 Stewart put finer ones in some grandest of all earthly trout streams. There may be a of 100 tons, and during the seasons of 18S4-5-6. line, propeller, plied other world but this is I am aware that trout of equal ran for one be anticipating. The Vernon. of 50i) tons, followed in 1887, and season, for or at size are taken with the fly at Rangeley Lakes, example, transferred to Lake where she foundered in 1888, with a ing Michigan, Parmachenee, but the difference between fishing in these rapid waters lives. loss of 40 of those lakes is and the still fishing with the fly in the smooth waters Between 1872 and 1875, the steamer Mary Groh ran between Bay- almost like the difference between fly-fishing and bait fishing. Duluth and Port Arthur, and the Lotta Benard ran on field, Ashland, This stream is the outlet of Like which is situated some to in Nepigon, the same route. The Mary Groh was transferred Lake Michigan of ike thirty or forty miles to the north of the western portion L Supe and is still in commission. 1876, It is so and wide that I am sure the first of the M. Smith rior. deep impression Between 1873 and 1879, the steamers Maytham and Ella and has been accus especially if he be from the United States ran at intervals between Port Arthur and Michigan, angler, irregular Houghton, tomed to associate brook trout with brooks, would be one of immensity. on Isle calling at Menong Mine, Rock Harbor and other points Koyale. would and Wading in along the shore as far at the depth permit The Manistee, 450 tons, of the Duluth and South Shore line, propeller our flies upon the swift current, we were again and again called at Port Arthur at intervals between 1873 and 1885. casting answered by the wild rush of the gamiest trout I ever saw. Trout Steamers of the Lake and Like Trans. Co. , no and we Michigan Superior weighing from two to two and a half pounds were rarity called at Port Arthur in the summer mouths and at intervals a hours regularly frequently had on two at a time. Three of us in few during were the in the spring and fall, between 1875 and 1882. They propel the middle of the afternoon caught more than eighty pounds of fish and of 600 of at lers Peerless, 1,000 tons; City Duluth, tons; City Freemont, could have taken more, as we stopped fishing before sundown, when L. 500 tons. 500 tons, and Joseph Hurd, least two hours of the best part of the day remained. In 1883 the Champion, a side-wheel tug, of 200 tons, was brought At Rock Island we found Major Edward Cunninham and John F. from the Gulf of St. and traded from Port Arthur to north most excellent Lawrence, Shepley, Esq., of St. Louis. They had found the fishing afterward re shore points in 1883-84 for the C. P. Ry. Co. She was in the swift water above the Rock Island Portage, and spent several at Sound, renamed the Cambria and now runs on the C. P. were at built Owen days there and had some very fine sport. While we camped Sound and >Sault Ste. Marie in connection with 22 Ry. line between Owen island, the Major caught one trout of 4i pounds weight, length inches, the Carmoua. The steam Dauntless, was from yacht brought Quebec girth 12i inches. Mr. Shepley s largest weighed 3| pounds, length, in and ran in connection with the from Port Arthur to silver doctor the most 1884, Champion 20^ inches, girth 12J inches. They found the U. S. ports. killing fly. the side-wheel The Owen Sound steamship Co. began in 1884 with At Hamilton s Pool we met a Mr. White and Mr. Bristol, of St. and of 500 tons. The was wrecked in what steamers Magnet Spartan, Spartan Paul, Minn. They had found some rare sport, especially they on Cariboo Island, Lake in, 1883, and the Co. then withdrew of black water close under the bank Superior, called the "Aquarium," a strip the The insurance rescued the of smaller Magnet. companies Spartan, repaired below the camp. At this point I tried the experiment using

on the St. Lawrence. . I found her at Detroit, and both boats are now plying flies than those deemed absolutely necessary on this stream were to small The Canadian Pacific Steamship Company began in 1884, also. that in some of the more quiet stretches the trout rising notice the and of cast. Their line being composed of the steel steamers Algoma, Alberta, and natural flies, but would not large gaudy bugs my the one a "Great Athabaska. These were each of 1,500 tons, were built on the Clyde, I therefore put on a cast of flies tied on ISo. 10 hooks, and it was not before I was cut in two at Montreal, taken through the canals, rejoined and put on Dun" and the other a Stone Fly, long the route from Owen Sound to Port Arthur in connection with the hitched to a beauty of about a pound and a half. I caught quite front of Canadian Pacific whom are owned. formed a handsome trout on this cast. Later in the evening, directly in Ry. Co , by they They a on a small decided advance in Lake Marine. The Algoma was wrecked Nov. 7, the camp in swifter water, I landed 3J pounder Dusty it with a hooked hiijisetf 1885, on Isle Royale, with a loss of 45 lives, but the other two are still Miller on a No. 8 hook. He took rush, Ijrmlv, running on the route. In 1888 the company began building, at Owen Sound, a steel steam ship to replace the Algoma, and similar to the other boats, but larger. This boat launched in April, 1889; is the first fellow that was his steel or iron ship built in Canada and is named the Manitoba. stretcher, had been seized by another I^think equal In 1888 the Inman Line was established between Duluth and Port in size. Well, we had a circus, as may be imagine.;. PORT JIRT.HUR ILLUSTRATED.

On the to Falls I took the way up Virgin largest trout of our trip, occupy his land and begin improvements within one month. At the so far as and I learned, the largeso taken on the stream the end of five he receives a during present years title, after making proof of completion of season. It was thus: I had laid rod down in the my canoe with the required settlement duties. These duties are to clear and cultivate 15 flies in the water ten feet trailing perhaps astern, and was tying a string acres of which at least two are to be cleared and cultivated for on the of creel. Just as the canoe yearly strap my was passing over a rather the five years. To have built a habitable house 16x20 feet and to have shallow part of the still water where a shoal of rocks made out into the lived upon and cultivated the land for five years after location. The stream, there was a break for one of my flies a trout. I settler by picked up may absent himself from the laud for six months in any one the rod just as lie came and hooked him on stretcher again, firmly my year during the term. After a patent issues the owner may sell the a March Brown of the bass size. fly, ordinary land and take another free grant. Free grants are exempt from debt It was done, you see, in a very unsportsmanlike If a while the way. photo liability, owned by legatee or his heirs, for 20 years. The been lie grapher had there would probably have seen one for settlement in sportsman townships open Thunder Bay district are : Blake, standing up in a birch-bark canoe with a bamboo rod in his hand split Crooks, (Jillies, Lybster, O Connor, Oliver, Paipoonge and Dawson well curved, and a on the coolly watching spot water, and feeling the Road. J. F. RUTTAN, Agent, Port Arthur. weight on the line, and endeavoring to keep the strain on that rod at about such a of degree pressure, and would have shared the feeling of exultation ami thrill of excitement which was participated in by the whole party when the immense dorsal fin showed above the water and Fishing Industry. the distance between head and tail at last resolved itself into a lazy The district under local inspection extends from Thunder Bay to the Pigeon River on the south and Jackfish Bay on the north, and includes Silver Harbor, Black Bay, Amethyst Harbor, Welcome Islands, Thunder Bay points, and Point Porphry, Roche de Bout, St. the record of a rather stiff Ignace, pair of scales. Jackfish Nepigon, Rossport and Bay, or some 200 miles. The fishing Undoubtedly the large flies tied on hooks are better for the large grounds are divided into five mile limits, and as many licenses granted very swiftest, roughest water, both on account of their more for each as the " " making inspector thinks sufficient. The close or non-fishing show, and because on the of a especially they hang jaws romping big season is during November. About 44 sail boats of 2 tons and 4 steam fish better when he starts, and as he is almost certain to do, straight tugs are employed, and so far no illegal methods have been practised for Lake Superior. Then you want a hook that will hold a canoe. I for catching, nor is there any poaching by United States fishermen. had good success with several varieties. The fish are caught by gill and pound nets, the latter only being I used successfully the March Brown, on which I took my big fellow, allowed at certain points. The fishers remain out about 6 or 7 hours the Moose fly (black body and black and white a black brown wings), fly, daily, returning to shore as soon as loaded up. The chief varieties are hackle, the Coachman, both royal and plain, the Drake, a green (lost trout or lake salmon, whitefish, sturgeon and pickerel, and the catch is wolloper on this the leader in swift the Silver by parting water), Lawyer, marketed in the United States and Eastern Canadian cities, beside the Parmachenee Belle, a brown with silver and as in fly body, also, duty local consumption, which is 3,000 pounds weekly, and 2,000 go west. bound, I had on several dark and in the with great sport days evening The fish after unloading are dressed, packed in ice in square wooden the "Silvernail" made with silver and fly, body, gray hackle, striped boxes and shipped. Some are salted in 100 pound barrels, one barrel feather from neck of jungle cock for feather on whole. The wings, put of Canadian salt being used to each 8 kegs of fish. No smoking is done common assortment of flies on hooks will answer when the trout large except for private orders, and fish oil is not extracted, neither is the are on the feed. When not, I found that smaller flies would coax up sturgeon roe (caviare) saved, only one man doing anything with it, nor the smaller trout, say those from one to two running pounds. are the sounds saved. The figures for the season of 1888 show that the Le.adtrx need to be made of the best and to be well tied. I gut value of the sail boats employed was 83,825, and of the nets 10,100. found it of to pull them in two when the a little advantage gut got frayed, Of whitefish 500,000 pounds were caught, with 360,000 pounds of trout, and tie them over. The leader should not be more than seven or eight 48,000 pounds of Sturgeon, 91,000 pounds of pickerel and 30, 000 pounds feet on this stream, especially when from a boat. fishing other fish, or a total weight of over one million pounds, which sold for The rod should be a pliant yet rather stiff one, of capable enduring over thirty-three thousand dollars. The cost of a fishing license is hard work, and heavy enough to set the barb to cover in the hard jaws from $10 to 15 dollars, according to locality, and for using a pound of the fish in the water. A heavier rod is to deep needed properly hook net is $50. a trout on the Nepigon than is needed to him. I found seven play my About 100 men are engaged in the business, the principal and and a half ounce bamboo a more rod to use than the split satisfactory practically the only firm in the trade being the Port Arthur Fish Co., ones I have been accustomed to use on smaller streams. lighter established in 1885, and controls the entire catch from the limits in the The ml should be a solid of at least good, one, capable holding Thunder 45ay inspector s district. This company has large and well or of line. Don t to thirty forty yards good, strong, waterproof forget appointed buildings at Port Arthur and at Rossport, and consume 2,000 take a net. The handle should be as doubles are not un landing long, tons of ice yearly in packing at those and other points. This company and the tail which of course should be netted common, fish, always first, supply to the A. Booth Packing Co. of Chicago, and it is not improbable is often when the other is And don t quite vigorous quite spent. forget that the latter company will absorb the Port Arthur company, success the tnr oil, carbolic acid and "shoo or glycerine, penny royal, fly," ful though it has been. They have long envied the splendid salmon, whatever favorite the smell of. The trout "bug disguster" you prefer whitefish and others supplied them from here, and having gobbled up bite on this stream. freely all the lesser companies in Canada and the United States, will likely The canoe goes with the guide, though it has to be paid for sep follow suit with this one. arately. The Lake Whitefish (Corfyonii* clitpfiformix) It is very abundant, Mr. the Hudson s factor at who will Flanagan, Bay Nepigon, and its flesh leads all other fresh water fishes in quality, being white, also kindly and make out a for on very courteously you permit fishing tender, juicy, and does not tire the appetite. They average six pounds and the dollars. The is worth the application payment of Jii-e. fishing and run up to over 20 pounds. They feed upon small crustaceans, and fiver. the money and don t If are sort of an Pay grumble. you any sometimes take a bait or fly. They spawn from the middle of October the worst I mean the fish will angler except hog you get your to end of November, and in one year the young fish reach a length of s worth. It is almost that make money imperative you your arrange five inches. They are very prolific, but have a number of enemies ment for before as are hard to at. guides reaching Nepigon, they get beside man. It is the most important fish of the lake, and eagerly The was SI. 50 till some of our American price formerly per day, sports bought in all available markets. The price for fish from Lake Superior men the to show their spoiled programme by paying more, just good is higher than others. will. bad and 2. Now, all, good indifferent, charge Lake Trout or Salmon Trout (SalrelimiK namaycuth) It is more As I look back over the ten on this stream it days spent grand nearly related to the char than the salmon, and is peculiar to the inland seems almost like a dream. It is so different from in the anything seas of North America. It is sometimes 120 pounds weight, though the United States. A million men could be the comfortably camped along average is about 5 to 10 pounds, and is almost always found in the and not crowd one another. Nepigon same lakes with whitefish, upon which they feed greedily, though they eat anything and everything possible. They usually live in deep water, and their chief spawning grounds are along the north shore of Lake Superior, and are only second in importance of catch to the whitefish. Free Grant Lands. From 15 to 30 pounds and over is quite a common weight, and they are in plentiful at all times and places in the Thunder Bay district. It is A man over 18 old or a without children is sir.g:e years married man great demand in the markets, and a firm, well flavoured fish, and r.nder l.-l with him is to reiidiiuf entitled a grant of 100 acres. The affords grand trolling sport. male head of a family or sole female head having a child or children The Siskiwit or Siscowet Said to exist only in Lake Superior, and under 18 residing with him or her may have a free grant of 200 acres Herbert calls it the very best salt fish in the world. It averages 4 and 100 acres more " may buy at 50 cents per acre cash. As soon as pounds and rises to thirty. The name is an Indian one, meaning cooks located the local the is to enter and fish so fat. are by agent applicant required itself," the being They fairly plentiful. T A IhhU.STK/XTE D. 1^ J-

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Jlgrieultural Resources. plowing generally begins the middle of April and closes in the fall about the first of Novembei. He has 300 acres, 40 being in cultivation One of the most important interests which has to do with Port and being yearly extended, and chiefly devoted to market gardening. Arthur s future is that of agriculture. The lands in the immediate The soil is a clay loam, warm, quick and enduring. From 70 bushels vicinity are calculated for the successful growing of cereals and of potatoes sown 1,800 bushels were harvested from somewhat over six vegetables, lying close to a cash market and susceptible of a great acres, and hay averages 1 tons per acre. The large red clover and the diversity of crops, are waiting only to be subdued and cultivated to white Dutch clover grow wild all over the district miles away from farms. make the agriculturist handsome returns. AH about the town, Among the settlers is Mr. John Armstrong, of County Fermanagh, beyond the hills and stretching away along the length of the river Ireland, who has ten acres in garden truck above the town and grows valleys are large areas of fertile soil, well watered and drained, which excellent crops, especially potatoes. He says a man can make a good to-day can be bought at a low figure. These lauds are destined to be living there and would advise some of his fellow nationalists to come the truck garden for a great city, for already the town demands more out. He says potatoes have been grown up to 3i pounds, and that fresh vegetables, poultry, dairy products, meats, etc., than can at about eight miles from town is an elevated tract of land of twenty present be obtained, although she draws heavily on the resources of the thousand acres, suitable for sheep raising. east and west, and this demand is increasing with each passing The Government statistics show that in crops Algoma is up with year. Only a part of the demand is met by the local supply of milk, the best of them. Of fall wheat the average is 22 bushels and of spring butter, eggs and poultry, while in addition to the town demand there is wheat 19 bushels, while barley is 25 bushels, and oats 32 bushels, rye a large and ever increasing call for supplies from the mining regions to 17, peas 24, corn 47, buckwheat 27, beans 20, potatoes 173, mangels the south. This is an for carrots 301 bushels and l. tons acre. exceptionally good place poultry raising, 344, 255, turnips hay j per The because of the unlimited supply of the best food which can be had percentage of cleared land under crop is larger than any other section almost for the asking. The millions of bushels of wheat which pass of the province. All varieties of live stock thrive and all the farm through the elevators every year contain some shrunken and broken products are in brisk demand. The average value of good farm land is kernels which are not fit for shipment and some cockle and other seeds. five dollars an acre. These are taken out by the cleaners before the grain is shipped, and at present are burned, but could be put to a much better use as poultry feed. The luxuriant of root the growth grasses and crops, sheltered Markets and valleys, shady groves, and the numerous lakes and streams of sparkling Wages. water, make the vicinity of Port Arthur an ideal location for dairy CENTS. farming. The establishment of flour mills and linseed oil mills which Beef, per Ib 8 to 15 is certain for the near future, will make an abundant supply of bran Bread, per loaf 7 and linseed meal. There will thus be left nothing to be desired in the Bacon, per Ib 14 to 16 doz matter of a supply of food for live stock. It is not necessary for any Kggs, per 20 to 30 one to make experiments in any of these lines. Turnips, per bus 50 to 75 All kinds of vegetables grow freely even the choicest such as celery Potatoes, per bus 50 to 75 Beets and bus and cauliflower. There are a few fairly large market gardens near the carrots, per 1.25 to 2.00 town and from one of them in 1887 some 11,000 of products were sold. Cabbage, per doz 1. 20 to 2.00 Milk, per 10 Farms are to be had at reasonable prices within easy reach; for quart Ib 10 to 20 instance, in one issue of the Port Arthur Herald were notices of four Poultry, per Oats, per bus 35 to 50 for sale, one within three miles having 50 acres cleared, and another Butter, Ib 25 to 30 with 105 acres cleared, and a house, stables and barn on it. per Flour, per 200 Ibs 5.50 to 6 50 The West Agricultural holds an annual exhibition Algoma Society Mutton, per Ib 8 to 15 at Port Arthur and the Manitoba Colonixt thus refers to that of 1888 : Pork, per Ib 10 to 12 "At Port Arthur, in October, Western held her annual Algoma agri Sugar, per Ib 8 to 10 cultural show, and it would be a to most. In addition to the surprise Tobacco, per Ib 50 to 60 grains in straw and bulk, there was a of capital display vegetables, Tea, per Ib 40 to 80 many of them of the choicest the cauliflower and es quality celery Hay, per ton $20 pecially. Potatoes, carrots, cabbage, beets, turnips, cucumbers, apples, Farm laborers, with board, $1 per day ; domestic servants, $10 to kohl-rabi and all the usual tomatoes, peas, beans, tobacco, other to $15 per month ; masons, |3 per day ; laborers, $1.50 $2 per day ; and sound. The butter was also and the varieties, clean, large good, 3 dock to bricklayers, per day ; carpenters, $2 per day ; laborers, 20 home-made bread, and there were flowers and to show enough plants 35c per hour. that the is favorable to floral country ; while the of growth display Guides for hunting or exploring from $1.50 to $2.50 a and ladies that day work, painting, etc., proved the finer part of our nature is their board. well attended to. One of the exhibits was a group of vegetables from Ignace near the Height of Land or Watershed between Lake Superior and Hudson s lb miles west of Port Arthur on the main line of Bay, in Manufactures. the Canadian Pacific Railway. They were grown by R. Hosker, and Importance included broad cucumbers and several varieties celery, beans, turnips, Port Arthur is destined to become the greatest manufacturing of good potatoes." center in the West. Her geographical position; her nearness to inex This is an active one and this it furnished free flax Society year haustible supplies of raw materials; her facilities for cheap transporta seed for trial the for a of fertilizers as by farmers, arranged supply tion, both by water and rail; her big water power; her cheap fuel be and for seed and voted 50 toward a might necessary, grain buying supply; and last, but not least, a vast empire for her market, a country Shorthorn beside for the of bull, offering prizes largest yields potatoes, destined to support millions of inhabitants all these point to this end. $25 and SI 5 to second and third. the annual 60, first, At fair this The miner, the farmer and the lumberman have barely touched the 500 will be in and the is year given prizes, Society financially strong. wealth of the Port Arthur district. In whatever direction one may When the Scottish crofter movement the llrm/il immigration began turn, opportunities for profitable enterprises seem abundant in this summed Port Arthur district inducements for these desirable settlers : up great north land, which require only energy and intelligence to develop. "The climate here is somewhat similar to that which have they With the growth of the district and the great West, the varied wants been accustomed to ; if desire to leave the homestead and they family will call into profitable life the following . In Iron Blast furnaces, steel plants, rolling mills for rails, beams for bridges, buildings and other structures, and merchant s iron, foundries, machine shops, nail mills, forges, and in general, plants for and from two to fifteen acres in for can be had for shape cultivation, the entire series of iron and steel be at a products may profitably operated them cost of from .$150 to 500 ready to step right into. We can here, including also stoves, hot air furnaces, engines, boilers, etc. place ten families in the township of Oliver on these terms, where they blind will have a home market the in In Wood Working. Saw mills, sash, door and factories, highest Canada for their produce viz : the mines works, harvester works, manufactories of agricultural imple where they will have churches, schools and neighbors right wagon ments of all musical furniture, etc. at their doors. The first crop could be put in for them at a cost of kinds, instruments, from .*:;."> to SI 50, so that they might even come if the matter were Miscellaneous Flouring mills, paper mills, oil mills, pulp mills, arranged, after their spring s work was done/ woollen and linen factories, glass works, tanneries, boot and shoe The Kamiiiistiquia Valley alone which adjoins the town has over factories, paint works, smelting and refining works for the precious 20,000 acres of good land. metals, locomotive works, car shops, and, in short, whatever is needed Mr. Win. McPharland, one of the councillors Shuniah municipality, to supply the wants of an intelligent, progressive and enterprising and who has a fine farm three miles from Port Arthur, says the spring people. PORT JIRTcHUR ILLUSTRATED.

of late railway contractor, says: "No line has been projected years, Town Industries. of The sur that offers more advantages for the investment capital." an for construction Saw Mill Thiswasestablished 1886. Itis situated on South Water veys show that the line passes through easy country in two short River is of the be Street, and its size is 50 x 100 feet, with a capacity of 40,000 feet B. M. except places. Rainy part boundary tween and the and is a stream, from 250 to 400 er 10 hours. This mill is owned by Messrs. Vigar Bros., the pro- Canada U.S., splendid a of deep, alluvial soil. The banks 5ucts being board, plank and square timber, the average annual output yards wide, winding through valley one are from 30 to 40 feet and the country level and well supplied with being 2| million feet. It contains one circular saw, 60 inch, valuable timber of various kinds. The contains some 220,000 trimmer, one slab saw, and one edger. They also own a pile driving valley of acres on the Canadian side, fit for and stock raising, and is outfit, consisting of a floating steam driver, with a daily capacity agriculture 100 are the total settled. !00 piles. Altogether from 35 to men employed ; fairly investment is SI 2,000. Planing Mill This turns out an average of six million feet yearly of dressed lumber. It was opened in 1888, and is owned by Messrs. Lake Business. Graham, Home & Co. cannot be better illustrated Aerated Waters These works were opened in 1881, are owned by Port Arthur s increased lake business of the arrivals and as furnished Messrs. Elliott & Co., 40 x 00 feet in size, and 7,000 invested therein. than by a comparison departures, by the Collector of for 1887 and 1S88. The products are soda water, ginger ale, lemonade, cream soda, Customs, lime The sarsaparilla, champagne cider, and champagne juice. yearly PORT ARTHUR S SHIPPING, 1887. output is 10,000 dozen. VESSELS. NO. REGISTERED TONS is on Cumberland Street was Sash and Door Factory This East, Inwards TONNAGE. CARRIED. CREW. and 30 men. Its size is 48 x 140 feet. is established 188, employs _It Canadian Steamers 179 162,058. . . .50,473. . . .4,989 and the cost owned by Messrs. Kennedy & Saunders, machinery $5,000. Canadian Schooners 49 17,469 .... 31 ,500 .... 343 is Mr. Conrad Gehl. It Lager Beer Brewery The proprietor American Steamers 46 11,683.... 1,409.... 496 was founded in 1876. Production 20,000 gallons yearly, the 14 averaged American Schooners. . .. 2 305 1,269 a total of 50 x 81 feet. building being 28 x 38, with three cellars FOOXUKY. This is owned Messrs. Woodside Bros., is on IRON by Total, 270 192,615 34,651 5,842 Manitou street was 1883. Its size is 40x120 feet and ; opened Sept., Outwards. etc. It contains 3 lathes, 1 includes machine . . shop, blacksmithy, Canadian Steamers 176 178,833. . . .47,063. .4,934 and is run planer, 2 drills, 1 shaper, 1 bolt cutter, 1 milling machine, Canadian Schooners 49 17,469.... 9,232.... 343 boiler . The by a six-horse power engine with a 10-horse power molding American Steamers 46 11,683.... 9,063.... 496 and shop can turn out all sorts of castings for heavy machinery, etc., American Schooners 2 330 14 is and weekly casts are made . The output mining machinery general Annual custom work. Twelve men are employed. output 12,000. 273 190,790 83,858 5,787 The of these factories are marketed in and about products 1888. and east and west the and in Manitoba and the town, along railway, NO. REGISTERED TONS. the Territories. Inwards TONNAGE. CARRIED. CKEWS. Canadian Steamers. ..256 119,151. .. .104,151 ... .4,879 249 to Mines. Canadian Schooners.... 61 22,712.... 28,782.... Proposed Railway tfye American Steamers. ... 123 44,069. . . . 42,204. . .1,546 Schooners. ... 18 13,628.... 24,591.... 160 The matter is now in this position. The Port Arthur, Duluth & American from Port Western Railway is chartered by the Federal Government Arthur to Gunilint Lake on the boundary between Ontario and Min mile has nesota, 85 miles in length, for which a subsidy of 3,200 per has a been gi anted. The Ontario and Rainy River railway provincial charter from Port Arthur to Rainy River, and has a grant from the Ontario Government of 3,000 per mile for 50 miles to Sand Lake. As the route for the first fifty or sixty miles of these two projected finance the lines is identical and it is not possible for either company to 458 176,986 6,834 upon the limited amounts of Government grants which they Total, 297,560 enterprises and hold, it is proposed, with the consent of the Ontario Government, THE OUTSIDE CANADIAN BOATS. to build a common to both the assistance of those interested, railway These were: The steamship Algonquin, the steel steamship Rose- for miles of the distance. It is now projected to the lake companies say sixty dale, the propeller S. L. Tilley and consorts, barges Neelon, from Port Arthur via Fort William and the silver district and consort build through Benson and Merritt, propeller Myles, steambarge Dominion to Sand Lake. and the Agusta, steambarge Clinton, towing barges Grimsby Lisgar, The estimates for construction, cost of right of way, station grounds, and Glengarry towing the barges Gleuora John Gaskin, tug steel ballast propeller clearing, grubbing, grading, bridging, rails, tracklaying, James A. Writer with barges Brandon, Jennie and Kegina, propeller water and an ing, station houses, tanks, telegraph lines, etc., equipment Bruno and consorts Maggie McRae and Laura, propeller St. Magnui flat and box and mail cars, of locomotives, cars, passenger, baggage and City of Montreal towing schooner Keewatin. and to the Government is steambarge sufficient for the business pass inspection CARRIED. or after THE COMMODITIES $14,000 per mile, or for the first fifty miles $700,000, deducting carried other than the line boats have been the subsidies (of $310,000) $390,000, which is being raised. The commodities by to a on Erie to Heron Rossport, Port Arthur, This railway as projected runs westerly eleven miles, point soft coal from Lake ports Bay, from Lake Ontario and Lake Erie the Canadian two miles east of Murillo Station,; thence it and Fort William, anthracite coal Pacific, lumber from and maintains a course through the town to Port Arthur and Fort William; and Georgian Bay, turns slightly southwesterly ports have been corner of the heart of Gillies and the South Shore. The down cargoes ship of Paipoonge, the southwest O Connor, Lake Michigan the Kaminis- wheat from Port the destination being in nearly all and Lybster and the southerly portion of Strange, crossing Manitoba Arthur; the celebrated Kakabeka Falls, and cases tiqnia some three miles below now Kingston. Little THE ALGONQUIN. passing almost within call of the Beaver, Porcupine, Pig, Palisade, fleet in and ii Silver Falls, East Silver Mountain, and West Silver Mountain mines, This vessel was added to the Canadian Lake 1888, but as Arthur. She was built through a country not only rich metalliferously agriculturaly owned by Messrs. Thomas Marks & Co., Port shore of Whitefish of is a well. Leaving Strange, the line skirts the north in 1887-SS, on the Clyde, by Napier, Shanks & Bell, Glasgow, into Arrow and on 14 feet Lake, crosses the divide and gains the water, discharging steel screw, steam ship, 250 feet long, 40 feet beam, of and 500 tons Lake, near the 52nd mile. The balance of the line is projected only, draft carries 2,000 tons of cargo or 08,500 bushels grain south side 12 milts an hour. She but the route is pretty definitely fixed as running along the more on 16 feet draft, with a loaded speed of the of Sand Lake and thence southwesterly to North and Gunflint lakes, classes 100 A. 1 at Lloyds, she and the Rosedale being only the latter and classification. crossing the International boundary at the west end of steamers on the lakes with the highest British within a stone s of all passing within easy distance, generally throw, WHEAT SHIPMENTS. the recent discoveries of iron. care has been taken by the Every 2,097,824 bushel. " of 1S84 to secure easy and curvature. Crop engineers throughout gradients _ 1,200,378 valuable mineral and 1885 The projected railway would open up very in 1886 1,975,515 timber districts and extensive agricultural areas the latter especially " of 1887 5,003,884 the Whitefish and Rainy River sections. About 23,000 square miles " . . . . 2,075,434 the ...... -. country are tributary to the line in Ontario. Mr. John Ross, great PORT JlRTJiim ILLUSTRATED.

Education. Pert Jfrtljur. The town has a school, a public school, and a separate school, Upon Superior s finger tip, high which is controlled the Roman Catholic church. Far pointing toward the boundless West, by School This was in two rooms of the school Upborne above the white-winged ship, High opened public but on moved into the Her battlements, rock-founded, rest. in August, 1887, January 9th, 1888, present of Park and which cost Mr. Around her oceans wield their sway building, at the head Street, $11,500. Coleman was the first master, and retained it for two terms. The Of billowed grains and roaring pines ; is H. with R. And in her cells fast chained and bound present principal W. Law, B.A., M.D., King, B.A., assistant-master, The board of trustees consists of W. S. Beaver Are precious ores in glistening veins. A. W. J. A. J. J. W. H. BALLOT. (chairman), Squier, Margach, Mclntosh, Hancock, L. Meikle, I. L. Matthews. In 1889 the cost to the municipality is $1,900, with government grant of $800. The number of pupils on the registrar is 40, in the following branches : English grammar, English literature, composition, reading, dictation, penmanship, arithmetic, in while 16 are Thunder Bay. algebra, English history, geography 40 pupils each, in bookkeeping and commercial transactions, 6 in each of geometry, This deep indentation on the north coast of Lake Superior is shut Thunder Grecian and Roman history and ancient history, 5 in chemistry, 27 in in by islands and headlands on the south and west, and by French, 3 in German, 16 in Latin, and 35 in drawing. Twelve pupils Cape Peninsula on the east, while outside, 11 miles off, is Isle Royale, are preparing for third class certificates, and two for second, with one running east and west, closing the gap, as the opening between the cape for matriculation and one for Canada College. The and Pie Island is called. Once inside, vessels are safe from any wind. University Upper is of white brick and red sandstone, the two lower rooms Within Thunder is Port Arthur harbour, protected from every building only Bay at used. wind, the east alone blowing over the low part of Thunder Cape Pen being present this the Government has a breakwater. Public School This was in 1872, on Reserve A, the first insula, and protected by opened T board of trustees being D. D. Van Norman, T. W oodside, and A. Bowerman, and W. C. Dobie was added in 1873. Their first financial report was the year ending December 31, 1873. To Government war 58.00 Cr. for and other rant, ; by payments repairs, expenses, $57.95. Edministration of Justice. for 61.25. Debts due teachers, 100 ; do. repairs and other expenses, in and in John M. Hamilton, Judge of the District Court, Surrogate Court, A school house was built 1874 in Waverley Park, occupied of the Court Chas. the autumn of the same year. Mr. J A. Stewart is the principal, the Local Judge and Master High ; Kreissmann, Regis of District assistant teachers Misses L. Kennedy, K. Ella Healey, trar of the High Court, Surrogate Court, and Clerk Court ; being Kennedy, of J. T. Sheriff Annie Woodside, and Mr. McKenzie ; the board trustees, A. R. Lewis, District Crown Attorney ; James Meek, Acting of Deeds (chairman), R. W. C. Dobie, W. W. Russell, J. E. and Marshal of Maritime Court ; John M. Munro, Registrar Mackay Vigars, Bailiff of the Johnston and V. Bowerman. and Clerk of the Division Court ; W. H. Hesson, High

Bailiff of the Division Court ; Thomas 1st Teacher and J. A. Stewart. Class of Court ; J. Donovan, Penfold, department Principal, of . and Junior Fourth No enrolled 32 Jailor Pupils Senior ; pupils ; Average POLICE FORCE. attendance 27.

: R. Chief J. This consists of three men Nichols, ; Bailey, Sargeant; Subjects taught Reading, (fourth reader,) writing, arithmetic, Thos. Squire, Patrolman. The service costs the town about 2,000 per grammar, Geography, Literature, composition, history, English and year. Canadian, dictation and spelling, drawing. 2nd department Teacher Miss Lizzie L. Kennedy. Class of Pupils of 42 at Senior and Junior Third ; No. pupils enrolled, ; Average 34. Fire Department tendance, Subjects taught Reading, (third reader,) and same as in the 1st This is under the control of the committee of fire, water and light department. The consist of 1 1 hand of the Town Council. appliances steamer; 3rd department Teacher Miss Kate W. Kennedy. No. of pupils 1 hose 4000 feet of hose. 10 ; 4 hose reels ; ; pounds attendance 43. Class of Senior and In engine wagon enrolled 54 ; Average pupils on the steamer. One on of steam is kept constantly engineer always termediate Second. Subjects taught Reading, (second reader) writing, duty. drawing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, literature, composition, The officers are : Jas. H. Woodside, chief ; John Woodside, dictation and spelling. J. assistant chief ; E. P. engineer ; Thomas Redden, deputy Vigars, 4th Teacher, Miss Ella Class of Junior hose Alex. 1st department Healey. pupils ; Wm. Woodside, Capt. ; McLean, engineer company second and Senior Part II of First. No. of enrolled, 48, R. hook and ladder com pupils average lieutenant hose company ; Lawrence, Capt. 37. To Junior 2nd the same as in the 3rd department 1st lieutenant hook and ladder F. Subjects taught ; Geo. Beatty, company ; pany To Senior Part II of First the subjects for Second ommitting grammar, ; Jas. H. Woodside, treasurer. 60. Fregean, secretary Membership literature and dictation. The members of the fire brigade hold weekly meetings. The 5th Miss Annie Woodside. Class of officers and men are paid 25c for each meeting, and 25c per hour when department Teacher, pupils, Junior Part II of First and Senior Part one of First. No. of en on duty at fires. The total cost to the municipality for the maintenance Pupils 34. of the fire department is about 4,000 annually. rolled, 44, average, Subjects taught Reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, drawing. 6th department Teacher, Miss Maggie McKenzie. Class of pupils Intermediate and Junior Part I of First. No. of pupils enrolled, 102 Beard ef Trade. average 73 Subjects taught Reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, drawing This was organized in 1885, Messrs. Thomas Marks being pres and singing. and H. ident, Geo. A. Graham vice-president, W. Langworthy secretary- In the 6th department the half-time system has been adopted and Its is now 65 the annual fee ten dollars. treasurer. membership ; being has been one year in operation. It is affiliated with and entitled to representation on the Dominion aver The total No. of pupils enrolled in the schools is 322 the total Board of Trade. The Board has dealt with several matters, important attendance is 248. Promotion examinations held in July and De them the of the canal the of the age among enlargement system, fixing cember. Western grain standards, the import duty on lumber and reserving School Number of pupils on register, 147 ; average mining timber. The secretary s office is on Lome street, where a Separate 97. are the same as in the public schools, permanent exhibition of the minerals and other products of the district attendance, Subjects taught with is being gathered The Board owns the Daniels Block on Park street, religious teaching. Established Sisters of St. Au and is active and prosperous. The officers for 1889 are: St. Joseph s Convent by Joseph, nine and President Thomas Marks. gust 27, 1881. At present there are sisters teaching nursing Vice- President George A. Graham. in the hospital. in is 45 x 50 contains 3 Secretary-Treasurer J. J. O Connor. The Hospital was established 1884, feet, from the Ontario Council George H. Macdonell, A. Squier, J. F. Ruttan, W. C. wards and 4 private rooms. It is supported by grants donations and some Dobie, F. E. Gibbs, V. Bowennan, H. A. Wiley, James Meek, J. T. Government, and the town, and by private paying Home, S. W. Ray, F. S. Wiley, W. H. Langworthy. patients. PORT JIRT.HUR ILLUSTRATED.

Jllgoma s September, 1877, Mr. Dundas resigned and was succeeded by the Rev. Boundary. J. K. McMorine. On April 5th, 1881, both church and parsonage were The district is bounded on the east a fire. Algoma by line drawn due destroyed by The present parsonage, costing $1,500, was finished north from the mouth of the French on to the in and the new river, Georgian Bay, March, 1882, church, costing more than $7,000, in July, mouth of the Moose river, on James On the north the 1884. Mr. McMorine Bay. by resigned in 1885, when at the request of the Lac Seul and the English river, Albany river. On the west by a line Bishop of Algoma, the present incumbent, Rev. C. J. Machin, took drawn due north from the n.w. of the Lake of the angle Woods to the charge. At that time Pore Arthur provided only one-third of the cler intersection with the English river. On the south the ical income. It now the whole. by Rainy river, provides The congregation is large, lake, river, Lake Sault Ste Marie river and and there are over Rainy Pigeon Superior, ninety communicants. Improvement is steadily The district is miles Georgian Bay. 1,200 in length and from 200 to going on. The Womens Sewing Society have raised $800 towards a 800 miles in width. Algoma also includes the Manitoulin, Cockburn school-house to be built in the autumn. It has also been determined and St. Islands. that a new and substantial Joseph more parsonage shall be erected. A parochial missionary association, a branch of the S. P. G., is doing good work, raising about S300 a year. A branch of S. P. C. K. is contemplated. The has Bishop constituted Thunder Bay District a rural deanery, of Sporting .Notes. which the incumbent of Port Arthur, is rural dean. BAPTIST. Organized September, 1885. by Rev. Robert Garside, With the rod one has an almost untouched list of speckled trout with 14 members. It has been under Rev. Fred. T. from the streams at command within easy reach, or can troll in the lakes for the Tapscott first. At first the town hall was used for trout. services, but in December, great their About a dozen 1886, they opened present church, corner Cumberland and St. muskellunge (Enox Nolnlior) are yearly caught in Paul which streets, has cost 2,800 and seats 250 people. The income Thunder Bay and generally large. for 1888 was $2,800, and 100 members have been added since Messrs. Fred. Jones and Geo. T. Marks, of Port Arthur, one day organiza tion. The average attendance at Sunday school is 155, and the scholars trolling off Jarvis Island caught in six hours 45 red salmon trout of an contributed $377 last Mr. I. L. Matthews is of six year. the clerk of the average weight pounds. church. Mr. A. S. of Wink, barrister, Port Arthur, in 1| hours fly fishing on the ROMAN CATHOLIC. Built in 1874. Rev. R. first Nepigon on July 2nd, 1888, caught eight trout" weighing a total Baxter, S.J., Total income about of 24 pounds. pastor. $1,000, at present. First church burned in the This season Mr. Macdonell has placed the first steam launch on February, 1881, replaced same year by a substantial brick structure 40x70. Situated at Thunder Bay, a coal oil burner of six horse power, six feet beam and 30 the corner of Arthur and Algoma streets. feet long with a speed of ten to twelve miles an hour. This is also one of the greatest fur yielding districts from the Reports from the other churches have not been available. Nepigon to the Lake of the Woods a length of 400 miles and north to Hudson s Bay. Of the smaller animals except the beaver, the supply in some cases seems to be increasing and certainly in others is not lessen ing and for this I have the authority of a Hudson s Bay factor of many years experience in one of the largest districts collecting the usual Light, Water, and Street Systems. variety of skins. ELECTRIC LIGHT. The Heisler incandescent system. Established by the Port Arthur Power and Water, Light Company, May, 1889 ; pres ident M. Dwyer ; secretary James McTeigue. Town Council. PRESENT STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Is on Arthur from Hebert to S. Water street, Cumberland from Van Home to Bay, Court from to Wilson, from Cameron to The first council met for organization May 12th, 1884, and ap Elgin Algoma Waverly, Park from to S. S. Water Arthur to Pearl pointed W. H. Langworthy clerk and treasurer; A. S. Wink, solicitor; Waverly Water, Bay, S. Water to Dr. C. Algoma, Wilson street Cumberland to Court. W. W. Russell, engineer ; Lome Campbell, medical health officer; A. W . Thompson, J. J. O Connor and Geo. T. Marks, a Board SEWERS. Located on 1 Pearl street from Second to Cumberland St.

" " " of Health. Thos. Marks retired from mayor s chair, Dec. 31st, 1884, 2 Park Algoma " "

" " and James Conmee presided in 1885, being succeeded by Geo. H. Mac 3 Cumberland Arthur " "

" donell, who was mayor for three successive years, and was followed by 4 Wilson Cumberland to S. Water " Thos. A. Gorham in January, 1889. In all about one mile in extent. PRESENT COUNCIL. WATER SUPPLY PROPOSED. By gravitation from Current River through ravines into McVicar s Creek to a dam at a point about 1,000 Thos. A. Gorham, mayor. Councillors, Ward 1 C. H. Shera, P. feet above street, from which the water will be J. Bawlf 2 Algoma point pumped Nicholson, W. ; Ward G. W. Brown, J. McTeigue, J. E. by water-power into a reservoir, situate at or near the intersection of Johnston, ; Ward 3 J. F. Ruttan, H. L. Elliott, J. A. Eraser. Town Van Norman and High streets, on the Russell addition, at a of clerk, W. H. height Langworthy. 220 feet above the level of Lake from Superior ; there the water will be TOWN ASSESSMENT. distributed in suitable sized steel mains, for the present, on Arthur St. from the intersection of the Red River road to S. Water St., Park St. 1884 $1,028,745 from Waverly to S. Water St., Pearl from Banning St. to S. Water 1885 1,359,730 St., Cumberland from Victoria to Wilson St., Court St. from Wilson to 1886 1,325,117 Victoria, Victoria from Court to Cumberland, St. Paul from Arthur to 1887 1,527,834 Cameron St., Cameron from Cumberland to Court St., South Water St. 1888 1,505,472 from Arthur to Wilson. In all o), miles. 1889 1,750,524 The surplus water over the dam above Algoma street, will be TAXES LEVIED. brought down and over a series of dams to Lake Superior and will be General used for water-power purposes, capable of being developed into a Purposes. Schools. capacity of 6,000 horse-power. 1S84 $16,459 92 $3,086 24 STREETS. Arthur, Lome, Park, Lincoln, Pearl, Ambrose, Wilson, 1885 19,156 15 4,454 10 Manitou, South Water, North Water, Bay, John, Court, Machar Ave 1886 24,514 04 4,036 35 nue, Algoma, Second, Banning, High, Hill, Pine, Elizabeth, Duke, Van 1887 18,022 00 00 4,886 Norman, Cameron, Cumberland, St. Paul, Tupper. Howe, Graham, 1888 22,298 96 4,363 IS River, Victoria, Hebert, Regent, Elgin, McVicar, Van Home, Waverly, Front, Jean, Winnipeg avenue, Prospect avenue, Oxford, Ontario, King, Albert, Dixon, Frances, Young, College, Sheppard, St. Vincent, St. George, St. Joseph, Riverside avenue, Nugent, Stephens, Robert Thie Churches. son, ljueen, Hester, Inchiquin, Lisgar, Elizabeth, Beverly, Foley, Wiley, Dufferin, Red River road, Fort William road, Shuniah road. PROTESTANTEPISCOPAL. Port Arthur, now in the diocese of Algoma, In all about 20 miles, and 8 miles of sidewalks. formed of the diocese of Toronto. Rev. originally part C. B. Dundas The improvements for this year include the completion of the was the first incumbent, ordained and in 1872. erection of being appointed During breakwater ; the four business blocks, of brick and stone ; that the erection of a wooden church was which year plain begun was the introduction of electric light, and the opening or extension of streets the The was built in In completed year following. parsonage 1875. and sidewalks, with various private additions to realty. : : J ; T A I 11 I Ls L- LI .S T A I B ^ j-i p ^ IItJ.cUSTp;XTET>.

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Here is a convent and Returning Thanks. garden. orphanage for girls, a boy s school, a church and a four story stone residence, and proposed industrial school It is very rare in publications of this kind that such an amount of costing (18,000. skilled work is employed, and it seems a here to that fitting place give THE hotels of a city are an of its condition. credit to those whose care and have unfailing sign They knowledge permitted this issue. mark eras in its and growth development. The village inn, the country The Photos Almost all these were done by Messrs. W. J. Barrie and J. F. Cooke. of Port Arthur, under varying and often difficult conditions, and the majority were taken specially for this book. The beauty of the engravings is largely due to the excellence of the photos, its progress the change for the better is marked by the improvement of as a good print cannot be had from a poor photo. its houses of public entertainment. Port Arthur has reached a sound The These were done the Moss Engravings by Engraving Co., position in this respect. New York, and the work speaks for their thoroughness, and each one CURRENT RIVER. Its course is explains itself. They are done by the Moss procecs, which is so far picturesque beyond description. Leaping from one brow to another, its the thick beyond compare with any free hand drawing. The softness and winding way among underbrush which lines its shores, and between the trees that close delicate finish are exquisite, and bear continual study, while being true above now a turbulent flood to life. it, whose rushing can be heard at a distance, and again into a stream or an The Paper This is the product of the Canada Paper Co., of subsiding quiet, placid eddying for a then to over another Montreal, and is a good and true foundation to receive such illustra pool, only moment, leap projecting crag until it mingles its waters with the lake the lover of nature follow tions and press work, the cover paper being especially beautiful. mighty " its " course, is attracted some new some The Letterpress This and the make up were done at the office ing constantly by scene, new picture, some new enchantment, which lures him on and on. of The Commercial, Winnipeg, and perhaps only members of the pro fession will fully understand the labor and skilled interest required. Information This has been gathered from so many sources, both verbal and written, that it is scarcely possible to mention them Conclusion. separately, and this chance is therefore taken to thank all those who Great cities do not occur rise so by accident, they from natural and kindly furnished it, and also to those whose monetary assistance artificial causes, chief among the former being a dominant commercial allowed the publication of this work. or geographical position. That must be where extended lines of land and water carriage meet, and where the tributary country is great and rich in resources. Of these are products of the farm, forest and mine. When these are General Notes. joined with energetic and capable men, the result is as certain as any thing may be within our range. Now in applying this to L. R. O BRIEN, the Canadian artist, thinks the Kakabeka falls are Port Arthur take first her "as beautiful as anything on the continent." POSITION. THE Secretary of the Port Arthur Board of Trade will answer Port Arthur is a natural terminal point. Water transport is the questions about the town or district. key to commerce, and when joined by railways, complete the situation. Its in this was seized the CURRENT RIVER WATER POWER. This is estimated at the lower importance respect long ago by farseeing men controlling the Canadian Pacific who have falls to be 3,000 horse-power, which could be increased to 4,000 a little gigantic Railway system, made it their Lake terminus. higher up stream. promptly Port Arthur is located at the extreme head of the great chain of How FACTORIES RISE. When a smelter is started the lead ores lakes, 300 miles beyond any other lake port, and consequently 300 will be used, and with a linseed oil mill Manitoba flax handling seed, miles nearer the richest agricultural and of the west. It and the fine close works will be mining regions baryta by, paint profitable. is also not less than 500 miles nearer the Pacific Coast and is, conse Port Arthur THE district has long been an important trade point. quently, on the pathway of commerce between the eastern and western Before the of there were five days railways routes connecting it with seaboards. Of course it is at the extreme of deep water navigation on the of the : prairies west, namely by Pigeon River, by the Kaministi- the west, and will become one of the chief railway centers. The re Current quia River, by River, by Nepigon River and the Dawson route. quisites for cheap transportation are, therefore, all at hand here. These THE DAWSON RoAD.This is one of the prettiest drives of the important geographical conditions are strongly reinforced by others which that a vast volume district. In the first 44 miles the road crosses three large rivers, 22, guarantee of international commerce 27 and 39 miles from Port Arthur. For the first 27 miles it runs must inevitably seek the route of the great Lakes through Port Arthur a as the shortest and line between all through partly open country and over a succession of sandy hills, and cheapest Atlantic ports, both Euro and and those of the along its course affords some charming scenery and excellent shooting. pean American, East Indies, China and Japan. These conditions may be thus summarized. EVERY railway terminus on the great lakes east has a line of steamers connecting with Port Arthur, viz: from Collingwood, Owen RESOURCES . Sound, Sarnia, Chicago, Milwaukee, Duluth, etc. The Canadian Pacific The Farm These are practically unlimited, as almost the whole Co s steamers are over tons Railway 1,400 each, and run from Owen products of the country west of Lake Superior and north of the Inter Sound to Port Arthur, a distance of 504 miles, in about 36 hours and national Boundary flow here. are on time. always The Mine Here is the heart of a great extent of varied riches here- THE PRESS. This is represented by the Sentinel and the Herald. before shown and scarcely yet entered upon, the production and treat ment of which The Sentinel and Iforth Shore Miner is issued daily and weekly. The cause rapid and large growth of population and wealth. former in its The Forest The enormous extent of to being eight year, and the subscription 6, while the weekly timber tributary the place is is not known or $-2 per year. It is owned by the Thunder Bay Printing Company, fully indeed surveyed, but good judges estimate it at Mr. D. L. Mclntyre being managing director and editor. It is Con thousands of millions of feet. servative in The Fisheries also politics. The Herald and Algoma Miner is published by Are an important factor. the Herald Printing Company at $1 per annum, Mr. D. F. Burke being Cheap Power The cheapness with which coal can be laid down here editor. The paper is Liberal in politics and it is seven years old. by water, and the abundance of wood, added to the waters running THE waste answers the question of cheap power for manufacturing. GRAIN ELEVATORS. These are some of the largest, best Facilities This splendid natural harbor made per equipped and most complete anywhere, and the rapid loading facilities Handling afford a fectly safe by man s hand, and the ready facilities for rapid dispatch they give great advantage to vessels trading here, in saving of marine business now the conditions for time. The system is being yearly increased to meet the building up, supply remaining storage the existence of a sea a wholesale center and demands of the fertile western prairies, and even now has a total great port, storage point for the wide west. The lesser aids to solid are in abun capacity of three million bushels. growth present dant supplies of building material, stone, brick and lumber, an equable FLOUR MILLING. No place offers for thi greater advantages and healthy climate, pure and unlimited water, and perfect drainage industry. Here wheat can be delivered into one door of the mill on the facilities, with one of the finest sites to be found. Reviewing all these water front, direct from the car that was loaded on the railway prairie, conditions one risks nothing in concluding that Port Arthur will be one and the flour can be passed out of another door into the hold of a vessel of the great cities of the world. that has just unloaded enough coal to run several mills for a twelve The bright bow of promise in flaming beauty spans her skies. month. About 100 barrels is the daily consumption of the town and Like a she exacts her tribute from other in district. royal despot every point western Canada. Forest and field and mine alike send their treasures A JESUIT MISSION. On the Kaministiquia River, above the town, to her gateway, and in their turn the fruit receive of loom and spindle. a mission to the Indians has been established over half a century, with Through the whole west every workshop and every golden field of grain, two fathers and six lay brothers resident. The reserve of land contains are factors in her growth. No Titan force can stay her march to great acres 300 1,600 (for Indians), and 100 are cultivated four being in a fine ness, nor rivalry impede her course. PORT JJR.T.HUR, ILLUSTRATED.

PHOTOGRAPHERS W. J. Barrie, J. F. Cooke, M. A. O Meara. Building Stene. RESTAURANTS M. Mathews, S. Cunningham. miles east of VERTE ISLAND SANDSTONE. In Nepigon Bay, some 70 REAL ESTATE J. F. Ruttan, A. Squier, Geo. H. Macdonell <fe Co. Port Arthur, is an island containing some of the choicest building stone Wiley & Co. in America. It is a hard durable red sandstone of a rich color, of high RAILWAY AND STEAMSHIP TICKET AGENCIES Hancock & Inglis, Wiley fire and tenacious. The is from 20 to 40 feet proof qualities, deposit & Co., F. R. Swan. deep, and improves in descent. It is being worked by General John SEWING MACHINES J. L. Meikle, Moir & Mills. MacArthur of Chicago, and $30,000 have been spent on docks, build AND TINWARE Thomas Marks & Wells & A. ings and plant since opening in 1883. From 30,000 to 50,000 cubic STOVES Co., Emerson, Whitcomb. feet are yearly shipped, some 50 men being employed, the principal Clavet, O Meara & market being Chicago and other United States cities, where it sells at SHIP CHANDLERS Thomas Marks & Co. the a ton. $1.25 per foot, duty being i$l STATIONERY AND NOVELTIES J. L. Meikle, Moir & Mills, W. H. WINNIPEG FLAG STONE SUPPLY. When the time comes to use Arthur. the Canadian Pacific and Thunder district will stone pavements, Bay TELEGRAPH COMPANIES Canadian Pacific Railway Company s service. have the profits of providing them. There is in sight of Port Arthur TAILORING H. Nicholson, Hodder & T. Wilcox. and under the Giant s Head at Thunder Cape, a quarry of excellent Montgomery, or feet smooth on one & VV. O Meara. flagging stone, from two to twelve more square, WAGON WORKS Taylor Johnston, sides. is a dark hard and with well and often on both It slate, tough, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS. defined breakage, with unlimited supply and very easy of access, being S. J. M.P. Collector of only 15 feet from deep water. FEDERAL Political representative, Dawson, ; inland Geo. Ironside customs, P. Nicholson ; Collector revenue, ; F. Jones Immi Fisheries Inspector, W. C. Dobie ; Postmaster, ; J. M. McGovern Resident gration agent, ; engineer public works,

Wm. C.E. ; Grain F. E. Gibbs ; Timber Business Directory. Murdoch, inspector, . Davis Indian J. P. Forest inspector, W H. ; agent, Donnelly ; John Har BANKS. Ontario Bank, Ray Street & Co. ranger, John Hourigan ; Light-house keeper, Cooper ; bor master, J. Davidson. BAKERS. Hy. Foote, W. H. Demuth, D. M. Davidson, A. Lavery. BOAT LIVEKY. F. Jones. PROVINCIAL Political representative, James Conmee, M.P. P.; of district court, John M. Hamilton ; Sheriff, James BARBERS. Thomas Dunbar, Malcolm & Slipper, D. Anderson. Judge Meek, (acting); Registrar, John M. Munro ; Crown attorney, G. VV. M. W. Hancock. BUTCHERS. Brown, Sullivan, Spofford Bros., Police A. ; License A. R. Lewis ; magistrate, W. Thompson A. McGillis. Hesson Crown lands and timber BOOTS AND SHOES. C. 0. Lalonde, inspector, W. H. ; agent, Clerk of District Court, Chas. Kreissman ; Jailer, BOOKSELLERS. Moir & Mills, J. L. Meikle. Win. Margach ; Jas. J. Thos. Penfold ; Turnkey, Humphrey; Bailiff, Donovan; BLACKSMITHS. & Johnston, Woodside Bros., Chas. O Meara. Taylor License commissioners, W. J. Clark, D. McKellar and G. 0. P. BUILDERS. J. H. Post & Sons, A. Mclnrot, A. Morrice, Charles Scott, of the W. VV. W. J. G. 0. Clavet ; Justices Peace, Russell, Clarke, Kennedy & Saunders. P. Clavet, J. F. Ruttan, W. C. Dobie, John Cousins and P. CONFECTIONERY AND FRUIT. G. L. Peterson, J. C. Banks. Nicholson. COAL AND WOOD. Dominion Coal Co y. TOWN OFFICIALS. Co Mathews & Shera & C. W. DBY GOODS. & , Fraser, Co., W. H. clerk and treasurer ; Mackay T. A. Gorham, mayor ; Langworthy, & Co. 7 L. Hamilton Council, J. F. Ruttan, Geo. VV . Brown, P. Nicholson, H. J. Bawlf DRUGS. J. J. O Connor & Co., VV. J. Clarke, T. J. C. Rodden. El iott, J. A. Fraser, J. E. Johnson, J. McTeigue, W. and C. H. Chief of Richard Nichols; DRESSMAKING. Miss W. W. Coward, (C. W. Hamilton & Co.,) Miss Shera; police, Sergeant, Health James ; Patrolman, Thos. ; inspector, Gordon, (Shera & Co.,) Miss McPhadden, (Mathews & Fraser,) Bailey Squier Chief fire J. H. Woodside; Solicitor, Mackay & Co. Richard Nichols; brigade, C E. ; G. M. F. H. Keefer ; Engineer, Wm. Murdoch, Assessor, J, A. & Geo. FURNITURE. Smith, Dwyer Nagle, Mooring. board of W. VV. Russell. Francis ; Chairman health, FISH DEALERS. Port Arthur Fish Co. THE PROFESSIONS. FLOUR AND GRAIN. W. J. Bawlf, V. Bowerman.

Rev. C. J. Machin ; Roman Catholic, Wm. & M. Isbister & Co., Mclntosh & Johns RELIGION Protestant Episcopal, GROCERS Bishop Co., Rev. A. J. Rev. Father Hudson, S.J.; Methodist, J. McClung ; ton, W. C. Dobie & Co., G. O. P. Clavet, P. Labby & Co., W. Rev. J. ; Rev. T. A. Tapscott. Hasking, L. U. Boniu, \V. F. Fortune, \Vm. Hayne, D. Coveny, Presbyterian, Pringle Baptist, J. Coburn. MEDICINE Drs. T. S. T. Smellie, J. A. McDonell, W. F. Peters and GENTS FURNISHINGS AND CLOTHING. Garland, Elliott & Co., J. M. G. S. Beck. Neelin, J. C. Vivian, Mackay & Co., Mathews & Fraser, H. LAw_Wink & Cameron, Keefer, Thacker & Godfrey, T. A. Gorham, Nicholson. . . . A . R . Lewis and G T Ware HARDWARE. Thomas Marks & Co., Wells & Emerson, M. Isbister & Co. MINING ENGINEER AND ASSAYER Chas. Kreissman. HARNESS AND SADDLERY. J. Witherspoon. Russell, Roland, C.E HOTELS Northern, Northern Hotel Co. proprietors, F. S. Wiley, man LAND SURVEYORS Russell, McDougalKt Walpole H. Sewell. Merrill & Hodder ; VV. G. Johnston ; deQ. ager ; Algoma, Bodega, Adams & ord Western, Chas. Hayne ; Continental, Spofl ; Argyle, EDUCATION W. H. Law, B.A., M.D., R. King, B.A., J. A. Stew VV. Mansion J. VV. T. Jackson H. Davis ; House, Annie Wood- H. ; Albion, art; Misses L. Kennedy, K. Kennedy, Ella Healey, W. J. ; B. Guerard ; ; Schweigler Ottawa, Sisters of St. and Mt. Leven. Morey Mining Exchange, side, M. McKenzie ; Joseph Brand John Bourke ; Tracey House, Ole ; Merchants, Cosmopoli- A. Guerard ; D. K. SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. ton, M. M. Connolly ; Bay View, Royal,

P. J. Erikkala ; ; Daly ; Windsor, Norway, Campbell Superior, SOCIETIES Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Forresters, Knights of Pythias, A. Johnson Victoria Hotel, Isaac Fraser. ; Royal Templars, Orange Lodge, Sons of Temperance, Imperial A. accident and marine; F. Jones, life; INSURANCE Squier, fire, life, Federation League. J. F. fire and life Geo- J. J. O Connor, life and accident ; Ruttan, ; acci Thunder Yacht, St. George s Snowshoe, H. Macdonell, fire, life and accident; Wiley & Co., fire, life, CLUBS Keewaydin, Bay Tennis, life. All these Shuniah Snowshoe, Cricket, Lacrosse, Football, Curling, dent and marine ; Hancock & Inglis, agents repre School Band of sent a total of 30 companies. Philharmonic, Mercy. JEWELLERS A. W. Thompson, Moir & Mills, A. Ross, and VV. P. INSURANCE RATING. Cooke. of Port Arthur is classed "E" by the fire underwriters association^ LIVERY STABLES A. Crysler, R. Cuthbert, McDonald & Dwyer. Canada, its class having been improved ia 1888. The following Thomas & Co. M. Isbister & Marks : & LIQUORS AND CIGARS Wholesale, , fire and marine are in the town Glasgow companies represented Com Co., S. Downing. London, Imperial, Western, Northern, Queen, Caledonian, London & MILLINERY Mrs. Trayner. mercial Union, City of London, Lancashire Citizens, British America. PIANOS AND ORGANS J. L. Meikle, Moir Mills. Lancashire,

S E R V E

KAMyntjf.fi &

SUPPLEMENT TO THE MANITOBA CC 887-

MILES TO I INCH.

SOURCES or INFORMATI ON . surreys

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OLON1ST, WINNIPEG. OF INFORM AT ION .

Catena Cfejgpar g _ j> jfoji d Jtrgentiferooa $

- GeolagicaTSonnclaaes:{ ^

, Sportsmen and Tourists IN PORT ARTHUR DISTRICT

GET THEIR

Gamping, hunting, Fishingcoooocoooo

, c , eT77-r.. e ?n?and Exploring Outfits

O JVJ WM. BISHOP & CO., GROCERS AND ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMEN.

An important condition of an enjoyable summer outing is a stock of suitable viands properly put up.

From long experience with Anglers and Tourists we understand their wants in this respect.

We a Feature of Wire w Mal^e Special Filling (Mei% by WjaiL FOR.

Intending Visitors to the <Nepigon. <

Which Hallock terms "King of Trout streams."!

Pert OP Station Opdeps ape Carefully Packed and await \f. Jlptfyup flepigen - - * * = * * * s flrrroal at = * :A .^ as Ije Bireet. Owner , ^^- may

to about t?iis District, and would su.g- ptv..<t.ar<l answer any questions your TTnliclcty 7;e Ictfrpn here //v? .s- yum-. \ftft ft.ftft ft ftftftftftft ftftft ft ftftft ft -(ft ft ft ftftft ft#ftft#ft4($(#(ftftft *ft- ft ft ft ftft ftftft ft : ft ft ft ftft:ftft ft ftft ^ftftftftftftft^ftftftftftftftftft \ftftft.^ ftftftLANDftftft ft ft.ft.ft ftftftft M tftftftftft:ft^ft-zftft^ftft ftftft iiv

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HAS FOR SALE ALL KINDS OF

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Jlere Property in and -Near Town and Farm and .Mineral

Lands in tfye Tljander^Bay Distriet.

d. F.

Crown Lands Agent for Thunder Bay District, and prepared to Locate Settlers on Free Grant Lands,

REAL ESTATE < UR A iMCE,

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