DOCSLIB.ORG

The Collin Family at Thunder Bay: a Case Study of Métissage

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Collin Family at Thunder Bay: a Case Study of Métissage The Collin Family at Thunder Bay: A Case Study of Métissage RUTH SWAN and EDWARD A. JEROME University ofManitoba Hallock, Minn. Antoine Collin/Colin was a canoe-maker who was mentioned exten­ sively in the fur trade joumals in the early 19th century up to the 1830s. He and his descendants are of interest for the following reasons: (1) they represent the class oflower-ranked employees ofthe Montreal-based North West Company (NWC) who made the transition to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and are well documented in the postjoumals and account books; (2) while sorne stayed in the Lake Superior area and moved into the Ojibwe communities after treaty, at least one son moved to the Red River valley and bec ame "Métis"; (3) Antoine was Edward Jerome' s great-great­ great-grandfather. Not a great deal is known about individual "voyageurs" who came from Quebec and settled in the Great Lakes communities, aside from the writings ofJacqueline Peterson (1978, 1981). W. J. Eccles (1987) provides useful information on the exploration of the old North West by French officiais, and studies by geographers and historians of the fur trade and native history have contributed to our understanding of French expansion into the Great Lakes basin (Ray 1974; Campbel11976; Gilman 1982, 1992; and White 1991 ). Theresa Schenck has produced a notable family study on the Cadottes of Lake Superior (Schenck 1994). Edward Jerome, a descendant of the Pembina Métis in the Red River valley, has traced his ancestry back to Antoine Collin, the canoe-maker at Grand Portage and Fort William. This microstudy of a particular family investigates the canoe-maker's origins, the place of the family in the social hierarchy of the fur trade post, and what their ethnie identity might have been. It is part of a larger study which traces another son to the Red River valley and shows how these descendants contributed to the development of the bison hunting culture at Pernbina. 1 Antoine Collin's ancestry is difficult to trace because of the paucity of records in the 18th and earl y 19th centuries. There were no church records 1 This is the Ph.D. dissertation ofRuth Swan, "A history of the Pembina Méti s". 312 RUTH SWAN and EDWARD A. JEROME for the Thunder Bay area until the late 1830s when Father Pierz, based at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, went around Lake Superior to visit the Ojibwe and fur trade communities.2 He listed an Antoine Collin (son of Joseph), born in 1766, and an Angelique Collin born in 1767. A Metis genealogy suggests that Antoine Collin was born in 1780.3 His son Michel swore in an affidavit in 1874 that he had been born at Fort William in 1799. Since his father worked for the North West Company and it did not move from Grand Portage to establish the new rendezvous until 1804, it seems more likely Michel was born at Grand Portage where his father was stationed (Arthur 1973:xlv, 63). Since it has not been possible to identify Antoine Collin's mother, it is difficult to say definitely that he had biracial heritage. However, Elizabeth Arthur described the Collin family as long-established residents: "The Collins were in the Fort William area from the beginning of the nineteenth century... some were half-breeds; almost all married Indian girls" (1973:xliv-xlv). Campbell (1980:40) characterized the Collin family as different from the local "Indians" because of their occupation as "freemen" within the fur trade hierarchy.4 In his affidavit for halfbreed scrip in 1878, Jean Baptiste Collin listed his mother as "Mishaha Weyers (Latour)" without an ethnic designation (NAC, Affidavits, v. 1319). This suggests she may have had a French voyageur father, but was raised by her mother's Ojibwe family.5 Since Jean-Baptiste was eligible for scrip as a "Halfbreed head of family", at least one of his parents had Aboriginal ancestry, possibly both. Tanguay's Dictionnaire genealogique (1871-90, 3:109-112) shows that the first Collin (Mathurin) married in Quebec in 1668; thereafter, there are numerous references to the name, with Antoines being baptized in 1736 2 We would like to thank Father William Maurice, St. Anne's Church, Fort William First Nation, Thunder Bay, for genealogical information and Eric Angel for his assistance. 3 Sprague and Frye (1983, Table 1) give birthdates of 1780 for Antoine and 1783 for his wife. HBCA, B.231/e/5. An 1828 census lists both Michel and Antoine Collin as "freemen". "Weyers" is not a known French voyageur name, but it might be a misspelling of "Sayer". John Sayer was a North West Company bourgeois in the Fond du Lac distnct of northern Minnesota. He was bom about 1750 and had a fur trade licence for Michilimackinac by 1780 (Wallace 1934:497); he could have had an Ojibwe daughter bom about 1783 who had a son at Grand Portage by 1799. THE COLLIN FAMILY AT THUNDER BAY 313 and 1743. There is no baptism for an Antoine in 1766 as per Father Pierz's notes (Maurice, personal communication, 1998), suggesting that Antoine the canoe-maker was born around Lake Superior. There is an Antoine Collin who had three children born 1792-94, one at Repentigny, Que., but he cannot be connected with the voyageur. Evidence from the voyageur contracts suggests that there were at least ten men by the name of Collin dit Laliberte in the Great Lakes area during the 18th century; for example, there was a Pierre Colin dit Laliberte at Detroit by 1713, an Antoine Colin at Michilimackmac by 1752 and a Claude Colin at Kaministiquia (the future site of NWC Fort William) by 1752 (MHS, QAR). They may have been the canoe-maker's grandfather, uncle, or cousins. There was a contract for Joseph Laliberte dit Colin to go to Michilimackmac in 1753 (MHS, QAR #263,12juin 1753), and contracts for Joseph Colin dit Laliberte to go to Michilimackmac in 1754 and to Grand Portage in 1758 (MHS, QAR #283, 19 mai 1754, and #361, 21 Jan­ vier 1758). Since Father Pierz listed Antoine's father as "Joseph" and his birth date as 1767, this Joseph was in the right place at the right time to be his father. The evidence is circumstantial as we did not find a contract for Antoine Colin between 1780 and 1799; nevertheless, it appears likely that he was born around Lake Superior and had an Ojibwe mother; he may have been born at Grand Portage as he worked there in 1799. Usually, the contracts lasted three to five years and the French voyageurs took native wives according to the custom of the country.6 Since many of the voyageurs listed in the genealogical dictionaries disappeared from the Quebec records and appear in Great Lakes communities, it appears that they formed the basis of mixed-blood communities around the Great Lakes, such as Detroit, La Baye (Green Bay), Chicago, Sault Ste. Mane, La Point and Grand Portage (Peterson 1978, 1981, 1985). Richard White's claim that "a separate people, the metis, ...mediated between French and Algonquians 6 "The bourgeois' control over their men was also continually limited by the latters' willingness to choose the option of remaining in the country as freemen instead of either returning to Montreal or pursuing their fur trade duties. Equipped with wilderness skills and often unwilling to return to the more constrained lite ot their home society, a considerable but undetermined number left their emp oyerto settle with their native families in the Northwest where they subsisted partially^ indep­ endently and partially by income gained from work as guides SUPP^0™^ for fur trade company men in their area" (Brown 1980^:86); see also Van Kirk (1980:28). 314 RUTH SWAN and EDWARD A. JEROME and became of critical importance to the area" is debatable because they used the term "Freemen" rather than "metis" (White 1991:74). The records of the fur trade provide the most information on the men of the Collin/Colin family. The earliest records from the North West Company show that Antoine Colin was at Grand Portage in 1799 with an annual wage of 600 livres (Masson 1889-90,1:66). The NWC Ledger Book of 1811-21 includes Antoine Colin and his sons Michel and Jean-Baptiste; most of Antoine's income derives from canoe-building. He also had an 1816 NWC account; against his annual wages (implying that he was a con­ tract employee and not a freeman), he purchased on 19 November a 3-foot gun, 95 lbs. of flour, 3 lbs. of powder, 10 lbs. of shot, 4 flints, and 1 wor­ sted belt. Against the income of a canoe on 20 November, he obtained two quarts of high wines mixed and a large horn comb. There are only four dated entries for 1816-17, suggesting that Antome's family was fairly self- sufficient. Michel only appeared in two entries for 6 and 7 September 1816, with such items as blankets, strouds, yew-handle knives, tobacco, portage strap, silk handkerchief, and six yards printed calico.8 During the Fur Trade War when the NWC and HBC were involved in fierce competition, the HBC Thunder Bay (Point de Meurons) post journal noted Antoine's unhappiness with the NWC and his offer to switch allegiances: This afternoon, Colin the Canoe Maker of Fort William came here with a Macock of Sugar to trade — he complains greatly of the usage he has met with from the Nor-Westers and has made one an offer of canoe bark which he says he will send the latter end of this month.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Guide Prepared By: Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters March 2014
    The Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Guide Prepared by: Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters March 2014 Acknowledgements: This guide was made possible and is relevant in Canada and the United States thanks to the Lake Superior Binational Program, and the Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species. Funding and initial technical review for this guide was provided by the Government of Canada, through Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, respectively. Oversight and technical reviews were provided by the Province of Ontario, through the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species. The University of Minnesota Sea Grant Program provided oversight, review, and through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative helped provide funding for the first print run. This guide was patterned after The Lake Champlain Basin Aquatic Invasive Species Guide, developed by the Lake Champlain Basin Program Aquatic Nuisance Species Subcommittee - Spread Prevention Workgroup. We sincerely thank them for allowing us to use their guide. Suggested Citation: Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters. 2014. The Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Guide. Prepared in collaboration with the Lake Superior Binational Program and the Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species. Available at www.Invadingspecies.com. Cover photo of Round Goby by David Copplestone-OFAH Lake Superior Watershed Table of Contents Introduction ...........................................page 2 Guide to Aquatic Invasive Fishes
    [Show full text]
  • Starting a Business Guide
    Starting a Business Guide 2 Starting a Business Guide Prepared by: Tourism & Economic Development’s Thunder Bay & District Entrepreneur Centre P.O. Box 800, 111 Syndicate Avenue South Victoriaville Civic Centre, 2nd Floor Thunder Bay, Ontario P7C 5K4 Contact: Lucas Jewitt Development Officer Entrepreneur Centre Telephone: (807) 625-3972 Toll Free: 1-800-668-9360 Fax: (807) 623-3962 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ThunderBay.ca 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Are you an Entrepreneur? Introduction 4 Finding a Business Idea Chapter One 5 The Feasibility Analysis Chapter Two 7 The Business Plan Chapter Three 11 Financing Chapter Four 15 Legal/Regulatory Information Chapter Five 28 City/Municipal Policies and Regulations 28 Provincial Policies and Regulations 34 Federal Policies and Regulations 45 Other Administrative Questions 46 Agency and Organizational Contacts to Assist with Your Start-up Chapter Six 50 Local Agencies and Organizations (Thunder Bay) 50 Provincial Agencies and Organizations 57 Federal/National Agencies and Organizations 57 Quick Reference Telephone List for Thunder Bay 61 Quick Reference Telephone List for Unorganized Townships 62 Organizational and Informational Websites 63 4 INTRODUCTION: ARE YOU AN ENTREPRENEUR? Starting a business can be very rewarding, but also time- consuming and labour-intensive. Before you start researching, obtaining sources of funding, finding a location and completing all of the other tasks necessary to open a business, you’ll probably want to know if you possess the typical characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Of course, there are many variables in determining entrepreneurial success, but knowing that you fit the profile is an important first step (as well as a confidence booster!) in getting your business off the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Thunder Bay Area
    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • N Shore L. Superior: Geology, Scenery
    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • North Lake Superior Métis
    The Historical Roots of Métis Communities North of Lake Superior Gwynneth C. D. Jones Vancouver, B. C. 31 March 2015. Prepared for the Métis Nation of Ontario Table of Contents Introduction 3 Section I: The Early Fur Trade and Populations to 1821 The Fur Trade on Lakes Superior and Nipigon, 1600 – 1763 8 Post-Conquest Organization of the Fur Trade, 1761 – 1784 14 Nipigon, Michipicoten, Grand Portage, and Mixed-Ancestry Fur Trade Employees, 1789 - 1804 21 Grand Portage, Kaministiquia, and North West Company families, 1799 – 1805 29 Posts and Settlements, 1807 – 1817 33 Long Lake, 1815 – 1818 40 Michipicoten, 1817 – 1821 44 Fort William/Point Meuron, 1817 – 1821 49 The HBC, NWC and Mixed-Ancestry Populations to 1821 57 Fur Trade Culture to 1821 60 Section II: From the Merger to the Treaty: 1821 - 1850 After the Merger: Restructuring the Fur Trade and Associated Populations, 1821 - 1826 67 Fort William, 1823 - 1836 73 Nipigon, Pic, Long Lake and Michipicoten, 1823 - 1836 79 Families in the Lake Superior District, 1825 - 1835 81 Fur Trade People and Work, 1825 - 1841 85 "Half-breed Indians", 1823 - 1849 92 Fur Trade Culture, 1821 - 1850 95 Section III: The Robinson Treaties, 1850 Preparations for Treaty, 1845 - 1850 111 The Robinson Treaty and the Métis, 1850 - 1856 117 Fur Trade Culture on Lake Superior in the 1850s 128 After the Treaty, 1856 - 1859 138 2 Section IV: Persistence of Fur Trade Families on Lakes Superior and Nipigon, 1855 - 1901 Infrastructure Changes in the Lake Superior District, 1863 - 1921 158 Investigations into Robinson-Superior Treaty paylists, 1879 - 1899 160 The Dominion Census of 1901 169 Section V: The Twentieth Century Lake Nipigon Fisheries, 1884 - 1973 172 Métis Organizations in Lake Nipigon and Lake Superior, 1971 - 1973 180 Appendix: Maps and Illustrations Watercolour, “Miss Le Ronde, Hudson Bay Post, Lake Nipigon”, 1867?/1901 Map of Lake Nipigon in T.
    [Show full text]
  • Thunder Bay, Ontario Date : May 2012
    Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative Municipal Adaptation and Resiliency Service (MARS) Extreme Weather Event Fact Sheet Event : Flood Location : Thunder Bay, Ontario Date : May 2012 RECENT EXTREME WEATHER EVENT On the evening of May 26th 2012, a low-pressure system and associated warm front moved north from the state of North Dakota to sit just south of the city of Thunder Bay. Over the next two days, waves of thunderstorms pounded the city with rain and heavy winds, resulting in flash flooding. Authorities in Thunder Bay declared a state of emergency and the city was subsequently declared a disaster area by the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. In total, rainfall in Thunder Bay in May of that year totalled 206 mm (8.1 in), 310 per cent above normal, shattering the previous monthly record set 41 years ago. Half of that amount fell during the May 26th storm. IMPACTS OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENT Critical Infrastructure: Floods washed out numerous roads and trails and fast moving water tore up large chunks of asphalt on roadways as well as stalling vehicles on roadways, in parking lots and on bridges. The city’s Water Pollution Control Plant experienced extreme flows that resulted in flooding of below grade tunnels and the main pumping station. Severe erosion occurred at the city’s landfill and flooding also disrupted power to homes, businesses and residents. Public and private property: Several municipal government facilities and infrastructure were severely damaged as a consequence of the flooding. In addition to damage to municipal assets, the city of Thunder Bay reported basement flooding within hundreds of homes and several business as a result of overwhelmed sewer and storm water systems Economic cost of weather event: The City of Thunder Bay’s flood disaster related costs from May 29th to April 30th, 2013 totaled $22.9 million CAD ($21.5 million USD), of which all but $1.3 million ($1.2 million USD) was funded by the City’s insurer and the Province of Ontario.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fishes of Thunder Bay District, Ontario
    Thunder Bay Field Naturalists Checklist of Fish es of Thunder Bay District , Ontario 31 December 2019 Introduction This first edition of Checklist of Fishes of Thunder Bay District adds to existing checklists prepared by members of the Thunder Bay Field Naturalists (TBFN) covering other vertebrate taxa (mammals, birds, reptiles & amphibians), as well vascular plants, butterflies, and odonates. As with these other checklists, it covers the official judicial District of Thunder Bay (Figure 1). The District extends from the eastern border of Quetico Provincial Park east to White River, and from the international border north to Lake St. Joseph and the Albany River. Much of the District (60%) is within the Great Lakes watershed, with the remaining draining into the Arctic Ocean either north via the Hudson Bay Lowlands, or west via Rainy Lake/Lake of the Woods and the Nelson River watershed. Figure 1. Judicial District of Thunder Bay with primary watersheds and protected areas. 2 The fish species of the Thunder Bay District mostly reflect post-glacial colonization, modified by more recent ecological and anthropogenic influences. The Wisconsinan ice mass began to retreat north of Lake Superior circa 10,700 BP (Farrand and Drexler 1985), allowing fish to initially colonize the Thunder Bay area (Momot and Stephenson 1996). The Marquette advance circa 9900 BP likely wiped out these early colonizers, but its retreat around 9700 BP allowed many species access from glacial refugia in the Mississippi River basin to the south (Mandrak and Crossman 1992b; Stephenson and Momot 1994). Some species invaded from the east via the outlet of Lake Minong and Lake Superiors’ other post-glacial predecessors.
    [Show full text]
  • 1987 Report on Great Lakes Water Quality Appendix A
    Great Lakes Water Quality Board Report to the International Joint Commission 1987 Report on Great Lakes Water Quality Appendix A Progress in Developing Remedial Action Plans for Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes Basin Presented at Toledo, Ohio November 1987 Cette publication peut aussi Gtre obtenue en franGais. Table of Contents Page AC r ‘LEDGEMENTS iii INTRODUCTION 1 1. PENINSULA HARBOUR 5 2. JACKFISH BAY 9 3. NIPIGON BAY 13 4. THUNDER BAY (Kaministikwia River) 17 5. ST. LOUIS RIVER/BAY 23 6. TORCH LAKE 27 7. DEER LAKE-CARP CREEK/RIVER 29 8. MANISTIQUE RIVER 31 9. MENOMINEE RIVER 33 IO. FOX RIVER/SOUTHERN GREEN BAY 35 11. SHEBOY GAN 41 12. MILWAUKEE HARBOR 47 13. WAUKEGAN HARBOR 55 14. GRAND CALUMET RIVER/INDIANA HARBOR CANAL 57 15. KALAMAZOO RIVER 63 16. MUSKEGON LAKE 65 17. WHITE LAKE 69 18. SAGINAW RIVER/BAY 73 19. COLLINGWOOD HARBOUR 79 20. PENETANG BAY to STURGE1 r BAY ( EVER 0 ir c 83 21. SPANISH RIVER 87 22. CLINTON RIVER 89 23. ROUGE RIVER 93 24. RIVER RAISIN 99 25. MAUMEE RIVER 101 26. BLACK RIVER 105 27. CUYAHOGA RIVER 109 28. ASHTABULA RIVER 113 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) 29. WHEATLEY HARBOUR 117 30. BUFFALO RIVER 123 31. EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK 127 32. ROCHESTER EMBAYMENT 131 33. OSWEGO RIVER 135 34. BAY OF QUINTE 139 35. PORT HOPE 145 36. TORONTO HARBOUR 151 37. HAMILTON HARBOUR 157 38. ST. MARYS RIVER 165 39. ST. CLAIR RIVER 171 40. DETROIT RIVER 181 41. NIAGARA RIVER 185 42. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER 195 ANNEX I LIST OF RAP COORDINATORS 1203 GLOSSARY 207 ii Acknowledgements Remedial action plans (RAPs) for the 42 Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes basin are being prepared by the jurisdictions (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Buonocorea2014m-1B.Pdf (1.808Mb)
    Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations from 2009 2014 Soft path approach as a water management strategy: a case study in Thunder Bay, Ontario Buonocore, Allison Rose-Marie http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/3977 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons The Soft Path Approach as a Water Management Strategy: A Case Study in Thunder Bay, Ontario Allison Buonocore A thesis presented to Lakehead University in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Northern Environments and Cultures 2014 Department of Geography and Anthropology Lakehead University 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1 UMI Number: 1562337 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 1562337 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the criteria for a soft path approach as it may apply to municipal water management in the City of Thunder Bay. A categorization of Thunder Bay’s water management practices was created to understand the city’s current state.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario's Stream Rehabilitation Manual
    Ontario’s Stream Rehabilitation Manual Written by Mark G. Heaton Rick Grillmayer And Jack G. Imhof Illustrations By Roy DeGuisti Copyright by Ontario Streams 17266 Old Main Street, Belfountain, Ontario L0N 1B0 May 2002 All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction The Created Need Restoration, Rehabilitation or Reclamation Building on Experience Partnerships Mean Ownership Chapter 2 Perspectives What is a Watershed? Life in a Dynamic Physical Environment ….. Eco ~ System Stream Corridors The Natural Tendency of Rivers (written by Jack G. Imhof) Chapter 3 Look Before You Leap Project Planning Basics STEP 1: Focus STEP 2: Research and Reconnaissance STEP 3: Evaluation and Impact Assessment STEP 4: Goal, Objectives and Targets Chapter 4 Charting the Course to Action! STEP 5: Plan, Prepare and Consult STEP 6: Implement STEP 7: Monitor and Report Chapter 5 Learning From The Past Gathering The Information Drawing Conclusions... Chapter 6 Techniques Introduction Barrier Management Barrier Modification Fishways Soil Bioengineering (written by R. Grillmayer) Live Staking Fascines Brushlayers Brushmattress Live Cribwall Willow Posts Native Material Revetment Live Rock Revetment Habitat Improvement L.U.N.K.E.R.S. Boulder Placement Half Log Cover Instream Log Cover The Sweeper Palette Cover Cabled Log Jam Channel Rehabilitation Natural Channel Reconstruction (Under Construction) Riparian Corridor Rehabilitation (Under Construction) Woody Debris Management Low Stage Weirs (Under Construction) Wing Deflectors Bibliography Bibliography Appendices Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging Fort William First Nation in Source Water Protection Using Photovoice
    DOCUMENTING FIRST NATIONS PERSPECTIVES ON WATER: ENGAGING FORT WILLIAM FIRST NATION IN SOURCE WATER PROTECTION USING PHOTOVOICE by Matthew Roy A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Northern Environments and Culture Lakehead University 2010 ABSTRACT This research project was created through a partnership between the Anishnabe of the Gitchi Gami Environmental Programs, the Fort William First Nation Youth Council and Lakehead University. Together 13 members of the Fort William First Nation participated in a photovoice project to document perspectives on source water protection. Many First Nations communities are not involved in the creation of source water protection policy, which can increase the risk to drinking water supply. Through the use of photovoice this research examines community perspectives about water and peoples’ connection to it. This exploratory research examined three themes: jurisdictional issues, threats and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. The use of photovoice is a positive way to increase involvement in and discussions about source water protection. This method provides the opportunity for communities to examine source water protection from a science-based perspective, and share their knowledge, experiences and understanding of source water protection from a Traditional Ecological Knowledge perspective. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research was possible thanks to the Environment Ontario Drinking Water Stewardship Program grant awarded to Dr. Robert Stewart of Lakehead University and funding from the United Way Youth Scape awarded to the Anishnabe of the Gitchi Gami Environmental Programs (AGGEP). This research would not have been possible without patience and guidance of many people. Both the AGGEP and the Fort William First Nation Youth Council provided technical and personnel assistance, and a welcoming environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION to the Index of Death Notices, Obituaries, Estate Notices and In Memoriams as published in the Port Arthur Daily News and Port Arthur News-Chronicle 1906 - 1919 This alphabetical index was created to provide an easy reference for researchers seeking family information, biographical sources and estate files of individuals. The references cited are from the Port Arthur Daily News 1906 - 1916 and the Port Arthur News-Chronicle 1916 - 1919. These references are in most cases the first published notice. Researchers are urged to search forward about a week or two in the newspaper on microfilm from the date the death notice or obituary was published to find references to inquest cases or cards of thanks notices, as these are not included here. When variations in spellings of names were found, both variations were usually entered. In the time period of this database, death notices were not published for every person who died in the district. There were many news reports of men killed in industrial accidents such as the C.N.R. construction, however, names were not always included. Comparisons of the Ontario vital statistics and this database show only about 50 – 70% of deaths had published notices. There are very few notices in the pre-1910 Daily News. The reasons might have been editorial, social custom or cost of the notice. Rural deaths were more commonly noted in the correspondent updates from the district, especially for infants. If references about an individual are not found here or the Daily Times- Journal, please consult the Ontario Death Indexes and Registrations at the LDS Thunder Bay Family History Centre or at www.Ancestry.com available at Brodie Library.
    [Show full text]