Liebig condenser benzilic acid rearrangement (1838) Carl Schmidt Arthur J. von Oettingen * Linus Pauling (Giessen, 1844) (Dorpat, 1865) Pauling electronegativity scale (1932); hybridization concept in chemical bonding (1948); structure LIEBIG TREE #2 c Dr. John Andraos, 2002 of alpha helix in proteins (1951); Ostwald dilution law (1888) co-ordination theory of crystal structures; concept of catalysis (1894) Corey-Pauling-Koltun space filling rates of chemical reactions; chemical equilibrium models (1959) Chemistry Nobel 1909

Geiger-Muller Fritz Pregl Jan S. Sterba-Boehm Robert T.D. Luther tube, threshold Arthur A. Noyes Walden inversion rule (1893) John L.R. Morgan Development of (Prague, 1903) (Leipzig, 1896) (1909) (Leipzig, 1890) (Leipzig, 1895) microanalysis methods Chemistry Nobel Jaroslav Heyrovsky William C. Bray Charles D. Coryell Roscoe G. Dickinson Badger's rules Ward V. Evans 1923 Invention of polarography (Leipzig, 1905) Jacob A. Marinsky (Cal Tech, 1920) and equation (1934) (Columbia, 1916) Chemistry Nobel 1959 discovery of element Victor Henri 61, promethium enzyme kinetics (1903) Henry Taube Beckman pH meter Pearson's HSAB (1945) Linus Pauling principle (1963) concept of ligand (1935) * Chemistry Nobel 1954 substitution reactions Peace Nobel 1962 of co-ordination complexes (1952) Chemistry Nobel 1983 Karplus equation William N. Lipscomb, Jr. Lawrence O. Brockway Daniel C. Gajdusek Edgar B.Wilson, Jr. (1959) Structure of boranes (Cal Tech, 1933) Discovery of new mechanisms (Cal Tech, 1933) Creutz-Taube Leonard S. Lerman Chemistry Nobel 1976 for origin and dissemination of complex ion (1969) (Cal Tech, 1950) infectious diseases Jerome Karle Physiology & Medicine ? Woodward-Hoffman Herbert A. Hauptman Nobel 1976 Dudley H. Herschbach Charles H. Townes Sidney Altman rules (1965); concept of Development of direct Collision dynamics of elementary Quantum electronics, maser-laser principle Discovery of catalytic conservation of orbital methods for determination chemical reactions Physics Nobel 1964 properties of t-RNA (1971) symmetry of crystal structures Chemistry Nobel 1986 Chemistry Nobel 1989 Chemistry Nobel 1981 Chemistry Nobel 1985 Theodor W. Haensch Arthur L. Schawlow Arno A. Penzias (Heidelberg, 1969; Stanford) Development of laser Discovery of cosmic Physics Nobel 2005 spectroscopy microwave background Physics Nobel 1981 Physics Nobel 1978