Zecker, Robert M. "Index." Race and America’s Immigrant Press: How the Slovaks were Taught to Think Like White People. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011. 329–348. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 26 Sep. 2021. <>.

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Abdul Aziz (sultan of ) American Defense Society 22 288n. 137 American Federation of Labor 96, Abel 74 207, 210 Abyssinia 66, 93, 153, 157 American Museum of Natural History acculturation 4, 5, 6, 22, 31, 37, 114, 145 117, 167, 178–81, 185, 189, The American Slav 242, 244, 245, 197–8, 242 292n. 207, 305n. 104 Acheson Harden Handkerchief American Slav Congress 242, 244 Company 82 Americanization 5, 22, 149, 167 “The African” 158–9 radicals 188, 242 9, 15, 17, 131, 180, settlements 37, 180–1 182, 219, 241 and whiteness 4, 114, 121, 131, 134, immigrant perceptions 2–3, 5–6, 26, 139, 177–8, 180–1, 185, 188–9, 89, 94, 97, 101, 172, 187, 192–3, 197–9, 242 199, 204–5 Amos ‘n’ Andy 46, 181, 195 race riots 88, 94, 97, 205, 214–18, Amsterdam News 237 220–34, 237–8, 240 anarchists 32, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 91–3, resisting lynching 14, 18, 20, 127 127, 135–7, 217 soldiers 20–1, 120–1, 127, 214 Anderson, Benedict 27, 256 n.8 scabbing charges 206, 209–13 anticolonialism 35, 42, 117–23, 125–6, Aguinaldo, Emilio 105, 106, 108, 110, 128–9, 134, 141, 149, 151–7, 111, 113–14 160–1, 245, 289n. 156 “Alabama Coon” 180 anticommunism 78–9, 161, 243, 244, Albanese, Carmen S. 251 251 Albania 64 Anti-Defamation League 88 Alcsut, Hungary 171 anti-Semitism 9, 15, 71–7, 79–84, Alexander III (tsar of Russia) 75 86–8, 206, 274n. 12, 275n. 41, Alexander, June Granatir 5, 22 305n. 103 Alexander Smith Carpet Company, Antin, Mary 275 n.42 197, 298n. 10 Apaches 286n. 116 Algeria 59, 153, 155, 160 apartheid 150–1 Algiers 160 Apponyi, Count Albert 169 All Right! 186, 241 Arabs 154–5, 160 Allegheny City, Pennsylvania 164 Arbeiter Zeitung 148 Altoona Mirror 235 Argentina 65, 73 Amalgamated Clothing Workers of Armenia 64 America 199 Armenians 94 American Aluminum Works 94 Arundel, Maryland 226

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Aryans and Mongols 165 “Before Day Club” 21 Atchison, Kansas 32 Beidler, Jacob A. 118 Atlanta 77, 126, 216, 217 Beilis, Menahem Mendel 74–5 Atlanta Constitution 263n. 94 Belair, Maryland 24 Attila the Hun, 59 168 Belgian Congo 140, 148, 156, Attorney General’s List of Subversive 288n. 144 Organizations 161, 243 244 Belgium 65, 156 Aurora, Missouri 18 Bell, Thomas 4, 27, 46, 205 Ausgleich 52 Belle Island Park, Detroit 88 Austin, Al 136 Benga, Ota 145–6, 287n. 123 Austin, Charles 136 Benkovsky, Jozef 189 Australia 66, 84, 109, 141, 163, 171, Berbers 160 296n. 39 Berkley, Virginia 33 Austria 64, 128, 251, 270n. 35 53, 66, 82, 86 Austrian Rod & Gun Club 292n. 203 The Berlin Wall 53 Austrians 164, 174, 290n. 175 Bernolak, Anton 255n. 20 Bibb County, Alabama 213 Back of the Yards, Chicago 210, 221, bicycles 288n. 137 242 Biegert, M. Langley 216 Backor, Michal 64 Bielek, Ivan 70 Bacon Bill 281n. 22 Bielska, Brigid 298n. 10 Baker, Ray Stannard 21, 33 “big stick” policy 104, 126, 128, 130 Baku, Azerbaijan 65 Bigelow, Poultney 83–4 Balch, Emily Greene 55 Birmingham, Alabama 212 Baldwin Locomotive Works 237 Birth of a Nation 149, 218 Bales, M.P. (Hay) 281n. 22 Bishop, E.A. 12 Balltown, 29 Bivouac 43 Baltimore 79, 172, 226, 244 Black Belt, Chicago 38, 210, 214–15 Bamboo Curtain 251 The Black Hand see Mafi a bandits 122, 126, 128, 131, 134–40, blood libel 55, 74 285n. 107 Blossburg, Alabama 257n. 18 Bangor, Maine 226 Blount, George W. 33 Baptist Young People’s Union 42 Bludar 269 n.29 Barnabet, Clementine 20 Bluefi eld, West Virginia 29, 97 Barnum’s “Ethnological Congress of Blumenbach, Johann von 50 Strange Savage Tribes” 171 B’nai B’rith 77, 88, 305n. 103 Baron de Hirsch Fund 72 boarding houses 53, 56, 97 Barre, Vermont 92 Boas, Franz 70 Barrett, Charles F. 229 Boer War 150 Barrett, James 2, 7, 68, 78, 195, 210, Boers 149–51 215, 223 Bohemian bazaars 159 Barth, Gunther 26 Bohemian Review 70 baseball 22, 188, 260n. 41 Bohemians see Czechs Bashkirs 57 Bolsheviks 75, 78, 285n. 107 Bataks 141 Boston 274 n.25 Beaver, Pennsylvania 226 Boxer Rebellion 36, 117, 119, 163, Becker, Maurice 289n. 156 164

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boxing 43, 47, 218–19 Cameron, Texas 136 Boyd, Kennedy, 41 Camorra see Mafi a Braddock, Pennsylvania 27–8, 187, Canada 109, 158, 164, 290n. 175 205 Cannibal Symphony Orchestra 145, Bradley, Ohio 211 176, 186 Bragg, William 257n. 14 cannibalism 7, 9, 35, 66, 103, 127, Bratislava 86, 90 139–49, 152, 153, 176, 186, 192, Brazil 91, 140 202, 213, 241, 286n. 116 Brazil, Indiana 211 Čapek, Thomas 64 Brewton, Alabama 264n. 94 capitalism 24, 26, 43–4, 134, 137–8, Bridgeport, Chicago 221 148, 162, 187, 199, 206, 210, Bridgeport, Connecticut 22 212–13, 241, 260n. 46, 260n. 49, Broadway 149, 189, 195, 287n. 128 295n. 18, 299n. 23 Brodkin, Karen 89, 240, 250 and Mexican revolution 135–7, Brodnan, Ján 255n. 20 285n. 109, 286n. 111, The Bronx 98, 287n. 123 and minstrel shows 177, 182, 202 Bronx Zoo 145–6, 287 n.123 radical critiques 43–4, 134, 137–8, Brooklyn 85, 86, 98, 99, 178, 182, 189 148, 187, 213, 241, 295n. 31 Brookwood Labor College 198–9, 241 Caracas, Venezuela 129 Brown, John 20, 187–8, 203, 241 Carmaux, France 54 Brown, William 227 Carnegie, Andrew 117–18 Brownsville, Texas 21, 121, 136 Carol Club 290 n.178 Bryan, William Jennings 117, 119, Carranza, Venustiano 137 294n. 15 Carter, Peter 37 Bubbly Creek, Chicago 215 Cartersville, Georgia 16, 18 Buchanan, Georgia 19 Caruso, Alfredo 92 Budapest 52, 63, 66, 69, 72, 85, 162, Caruso, Enrico 99 167, 169, 172, 206 Castro, José Cipriano 129 Buffalo, New York 251 Catabalo, Mindanao, Philippines 119 Bugoš, Andrej 26, 172 Catholics 88, 89, 96, 105–7, 110, 116, Bulgaria 64, 65 118–22, 125, 126, 129, 130, 149, Bunker Hill 206 239 Burck, Jacob 265n. 110 Cato, Will. 21, 34 Burleigh, Harry T. 182 census 169–70, 291 n.191, 291 n.194 Burns, Tommy 218 Centralia, Washington 78 Burnside, Illinois 215 Černova Massacre 6–7, 167 Burton, Theodore E. 118 Cesta k americkemu Občianstvo 56, 189 Butler, Smedley 134 Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 65 Chaplin, Charlie 145, 186 Čadca 64 Charleroi, Pennsylvania 260 n.46 Cahan, Abraham 148–9 Charleston, South Carolina 227 Cairo, Illinois 76 Chase, Hal 260 n.41 California 15, 120, 163, 166, 172, Chattanooga, Tennessee 15, 24 207–8 Chicago 38, 112, 115, 163, 217, 233, Calumet, Michigan 292n. 203 246 Calumet Rifl e Club 292n. 203 Croatians 43, 56, 60, 198, 250 Camden, New Jersey 8, 227, 255n. 20 Czechs 147–8, 185–7, 203

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Irish, 301n. 45 Collier’s Weekly 55 Italians 93, 98 Collinsville, Illinois 32, 174 Poles 4, 55, 210, 221–3, 239, 242 Colorado Fuel and Iron Company race riots 192–3, 220–8, 234, 241, 137, 139 306n. 114 Colored Farmers’ Alliance 216 restrictive covenants 94, 239–40, Columbia University 99, 270n. 35 242 Columbus, Christopher 64 segregation 214–15, 301n. 45 Columbus, New Mexico 137 strikes 210 The Communist International 42, 160 Chicago Defender 41, 237, 239 Communist Party 42–3, 46, 48, 87, Chicago Examiner 156 134, 160, 240, 244, 265n. 115 Chicago Tribune 240 Coney Island, Brooklyn 85 Chihuahua, Mexico 135–6 Congolese, 286n. 116 Chilkats 104 Congress of Berlin 153 China 36, 42, 160, 162, 164, 165, 169, Congress of Industrial Organizations 249 161, 243 Chinese 69, 120, 133–4, 156, 162–5, Connellsville, Pennsylvania 29, 162, 168, 169, 175, 206–10, 275n. 41, 168, 226 281n. 22, 290n. 178, 298n. 10 convict labor 212, 288n. 144, 299n. 21 Chinese Exclusion Act 164, 209 “coolie wages” 133–4, 162, 197, 206–9, Chlebuch, Anton 174 298n. 10 Christadora House Boys’ Glee Club coon songs 180 181 Cooper, Texas 25 Christadora House Settlement 139, Cooper Union (New York) 22 180–5, 290n. 178, 294n. 15 Cork Southern Reporter 65 Christmas plays 51, 55, 190 Corrigan, Archbishop Michael 147 Cicero, Illinois 224, 232, 246 Corti, Eli 93 Cigani 56 “Cottonfi eld Dance” 148 Ciganska Kri 56 Courtney, Texas 22 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico 135 Coweta, Oklahoma 217–18 Civil Rights Act 251 crime Claremont, Virginia 20 African American 12–17, 20, 22–4, Clarksburg, West Virginia 138 28–30, 32–3, 39, 41, 42, 223, 226, Cleveland 56, 72, 118–19, 158, 168, 227 192, 234, 260n. 41 Italian 9, 68, 90–1, 95, 97–100 Cleveland Gazette 36 Jewish 55, 74, 76, 85 Cleveland, Grover 119 Mexican 15 Cmero, Štefan 172 Polish 55 “Coal Black Coffee” 180 Slovak 54 Coaldale, Pennsylvania 115 Črnošolec 56 Coatesville, Pennsylvania 38–9, 41, 49, Croatia 64 131, 238 Croatian Workers Singing Society, Cobb, Ty 22 “Red Star” 284n. 87 Cohama, Mississippi 37 Croatians 43, 56, 60, 72, 80, 160, 182, Cohen, Arthur M. 148 198–9, 201, 202, 241, 250, 284n. Cold War 161 87 Colley, Linda 59 “Crowded Hole” 185

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Crowell, J.F. 37 Dianish, Ján 115–16, 121, 138–9 Cuba 21, 105, 104–6, 119, 122–7, 134, Diaz, Porfi rio 134–5 199 Dickerson, Ben 15–16 Cubans 120, 122–8, 199 Dickstein, Samuel 243 Čulen, Konštantín 90 Dies, Martin 243 Cullen, Countee 182 Dillingham Commission 51, 69 Cumberland, Maryland 227 Dingaan 150 Cunningham, R. A. 66, 112, 142, 145, Doctor, Isaac 227 296n. 39 Dominican Republic 128–9, 134 Cuocola, Jacobo 97 Donora, Pennsylvania 91, 175 Czech-American Dramatic Society Dothan Eagle 264n. 94 (Chicago) 56, 185, 187 Douglas, Ann 195 Czech Republic 54, 55 Douglass, Frederick 187–8, 203 Czechoslovak Legion 159–60, 175 Dow, George 290n. 170 Czechoslovak National Council of Dowler, Wayne 57 America 242 Down on the Levee 199 Czechs 22, 27, 37, 52, 53, 55, 64, 117, Draft Riots 177 147–9, 160, 172, 174, 182, 185–7, Dray, Philip 16 203, 215, 241 drotári see tinkers Du Bois, W. E. B. 31 Dahomeans 65–6, 146 Duma 57 The Daily Worker 48, 134, 160, 232, Dumas, Alexandre 187 265n. 110 Dumont, Frank 185 Daisytown, Pennsylvania 170 Dunlo, Pennsylvania 95 Dallas 239 DuPont Company 237 “Dance of the Hottentots” 148 Ďuraňa, Štefan 164–5 “Darkest Russia” 273n. 7 Dutch 59–60, 240 Darktown on Parade 180–4 Dyer Bill 43 Davis, David A. 216 Dziennik Chicagoski 122–3, 209, 221, Dceruška z Afriky (The Daughter of 239, 242 Africa) 147–8, 186 Dziennik Związkowy 221 Debs, Eugene V. 294n. 15 Declaration of Independence 175 Eagan, Catherine 3, 63, 65 Decoration Day 22 East Harlem, New York 93, 98, 101 Democratic Party 177, 294n. 15 East Saint Louis, Illinois 205, 215, 220, T.S. Denison’s Blackface Plays 198–201 222, 226, 228, 233, 235, 238 Denver 36, 206 “East Side Considerations” 70 Denver & Salt Lake Railroad 206 East Side Settlement 37, 117, 180 De Rosa, Pasquale 101 Eastman, Monk 85 Detroit 88, 94, 164, 214, 224, 232, 234, Eddystone American Company 237 239, 240, 242–6, 249, 292n. 207 Educational and Dramatic Society of Detroit Free Press 307n. 2 Young Slovaks 56 Detroit Tigers 22 Egypt 42, 83, 155, 160 Devon, West Virginia 29 El Paso, Texas 135, 286n. 111 Dewey, George 103, 105, 107, El Reno, Oklahoma 21 287n. 125 Elaine, Arkansas 21, 216 Dewitt, Arkansas 17–18, 257n. 19 Elizabeth Street, New York 98

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Ellis, Fred 232, 265n. 110 Foreign National Citizens 22 Ellis Island 3, 4, 5–6, 50, 68, 100, 209, The Forgotten Man 198 250 Forrest Theater, Philadelphia 218 England 65, 71, 149–50, 153, 157–61, Forstmann & Huffman Woolen Mills 164 295n. 18 English 51, 59–60, 93, 95, 141, 147, Fort William, Ontario 56 150, 154, 156, 158, 197, 211 Fort Worth, Texas 213 The Enlightenment 51, 53 Fox-Trot Molly 186 , Germany 64 France 65, 84, 130, 153, 160 Estrada Palma, Tomás 125–6 Franco, Francisco 160 The Eternal Jew 81 Frank, Leo 15, 76–9, 275n. 31 Ethiopia 153, 157, 160 Franklin, Vincent 238 Evansville, Indiana 35, 216–17 Franz Josef (kaiser of Austria- Everything for Your Minstrel Show Hungary) 170–2 199–201 Franzos, Karl Emil 53 Ewen, Elizabeth 145 Freeland, Pennsylvania 115 Ewen, Stuart 145 French 51, 59–60, 141, 150, 153, 156, Exodus 74 158, 160 extortion 97–101 French Foreign Legion 160 Freud, Sigmund 21 fascists 86–7, 242–3 Frick, Henry Clay 212 Fasunek, Tomáš 65 Friedman, Bonchi 199 Federal Housing Administration 237, Funston, Frederick 110, 111, 137 250 Fuzio, John 101 Fellow Citizenship Association 37, 117 Ferko, Joseph 190 Gadsden, Alabama 22, 37 Ferrero, Guglielmo 154–7 Galovic, Jozef 95 fi ght fi lms 218–19 Galveston, Texas 138 Fiji 66, 146 Gandhi, Mohandas K. 42, 46, 160 Filipino Scouts 112 The Gang 221, 233 Filipinos 35, 36, 67, 105–15, 117–23, gangs 101, 221, 233, 234, 239 126–9, 145, 171, 186, 281n. 22 gangsters 9, 79, 85, 90, 93, 95 97–100, Finns, 265n. 115 102 fi rebombings 92, 98–9, 216–17, 224, Garfi eld, New Jersey 296n. 48 230, 233–4, 237, 240, 257n. 18, Garreto, Alessandro 93 302n. 54 Gary, Indiana 232 First Catholic Slovak Union (Jednota) Gaston County, North Carolina 120 8, 19, 58, 105, 117, 165 Gatling guns 114, 116 “The First of May” 187 Geneva, Eugenio 98 Fleschman, Antoinette 275n. 44 German American Freundschaft Club Floral Park, Somerville, New Jersey 180 234–5 German-American Peace Society Flying Horse Riots 177 270n. 35 Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley 207 Germans 51–2, 54–5, 59, 168, 190, 211 Foley, Neil 136 and African Americans 86, 89, 94, foodways 95–6 97, 192, 213, 240 Ford, Henry 81 Chicago 240

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imperialism 62–3, 130 Grudzinski, Reverend Louis 221–2 and Italians 93, 97 134 lynched 32, 78 Guglielmo, Thomas 4, 163 lynchers 41, 256n. 9 Guidi, Archbishop Augusto 118 minstrel shows 179–80 Guinea 141–2 Philadelphia 89, 97, 180, 192, 213 gunboat diplomacy 128–9, 161, 166 and Slovaks, 52–5, 147, 169, 174, Gunda, Béla 64 197 “Guramentado” 115 World War I 62–3, 169, 174 Guyana 161 Germany 63, 64, 84, 128, 130, 157, Gypsies (Roma) 3, 7, 27–8, 51, 52, 174, 270n. 35 54–7, 63, 85, 86, 139, 140, 168, Geronimo 286n. 116 171, 187, 195, 204 Gershwin, George 273n. 7 Gershwin, Ira 273n. 7 Habsburg Empire 27, 50, 51, 52, 54, “Geseres” 72, 73 58, 79–80, 120, 167, 170–2 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 173 Hagenbeck, Carl 51, 65, 104, 145 GI Bill of Rights 235, 250 Hahnville, Louisiana 91 Giatto, West Virginia 94 Haiti 128–32, 134, 187 Gibson, Kenneth 251 “Haiti Ballad” 187 Gilman, Sander 55, 63 Hale, Grace Elizabeth 13, 15, 22, 31, Giovannucci, Perri 35, 127 33, 34, 233 Girls’ Hebrew Technical School 181 Hamtramck, Michigan 242–3 glassblowers 54 Hanna, Mark 118 Glassport, Pennsylvania 56 Harbin, China 65 Glen Lyon, Pennsylvania 114 Harbulak, Michael 246 Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de Harlem, New York 245 50 Harlem Renaissance 185 Goldfarb, Morris 181 Harper, Ben 22 Goldwater, Barry 250–1 Harpers Ferry, Virginia, 187 Gómez, Máximo 124 Harris, Lewis 24 The GOP Nationalities Reporter 250 Hasanaginica 60 Grant, Madison 53, 70 Haseltine, W. C. 98 Gray, Thomas 257n. 16 Hattiesburg, Mississippi 22 Grays Ferry, Philadelphia 237–8, 246 Hauptmann, Gerhart 187 “The Great Jewish Invasion” 70 Havana 117, 126–7 The Great Migration 86, 97, 178, 180, Hawaii 128, 286n. 119, 287n. 125 192, 202, 205, 213–15, 232 Hay, John 156 Greater Pullman Property Restriction Hayden, Tom 223 Association 239–41 Hayward, Susan 149 Greece 60 Hazleton, Pennsylvania 93–4, 115, 188 Greek Catholic Union (Sojedinénije) 8, Hearst, William Randolph 117, 166 47, 73, 255n. 20, 266n. 116 Hearst’s Magazine 278n. 80 Greeks 94, 210, 278n. 75 Hebrew Technical Hall (New York) Greenville, Mississippi 197, 298n. 10 181 Greenwood, Florida 264n. 94 “Hej, Slováci!” 170, 180 Griffi th, D. W. 219 Henderson, William 28 Grinorka 57, 189 Hendrick, Burton 70, 71

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Hennessy, David 90, 98 Irish 66, 146, 272n. 59, 287n. 125 The High Wall 88, 305n. 103 Italian 86, 101 Hill, Rebecca 20, 24, 187, 222, 237 Jewish 85–6, 274n. 12 Hillside, New Jersey 278n. 81 minstrel 10, 35, 181, 186–7, 191, Hindus 120, 158, 164, 298n. 10 202 Hirsch, Arnold 233, 234 Turkish 60 History of the Slovaks in the United States Hunčík, Štefan 64 90 Hungarian-Slovak Citizens Club Hitler, Adolf 86, 242, 243 (Brooklyn) 178 Hlinka, Andrej 7, 85–6, 88, 167 Hungarians see Magyars Hlinka Guards 86, 88 Hungary 6, 64, 70, 75, 125, 133, 150, Hog Island, Philadelphia 237 167–9, 172–4, 178, 206, 210, Hollywood 146, 149, 195 292n. 207 The Holocaust 87–8 Hunter, Jesse 230, 232 Holy Ghost Byzantine (Greek) Hurricane Katrina 230 (Philadelphia) 57, 189, 246, 247 Ifi ll, Sherrilyn 213, 232, 233 home ownership 38, 89, 232, 234–40 Igorots 107–8, 110, 118, 126, 150, 164 Homestead, Pennsylvania 138, I’ll Say She Is 287n. 128 268n. 25, 306n. 113 Iloilo 114 Honolulu 286n. 119 Immigration Restriction League 67, Hoover, J. Edgar 244 71, 139 Hopkinsville, Kentucky 28 Independence Day 22, 114, 149, 185, Horowitz, Harry (“Gyp the Blood”) 85 188 Hose, Sam 263n. 94 India 42, 120, 157–8, 160, 161, 164, Hot Springs, Arkansas 29, 36 298n. 10 The Hottentot 146 “The Indian Love Call” 197 House Un-American Activities Indiana County, Pennsylvania 33 Committee 243 Indianapolis Recorder 36 Houston 41, 245 Indians (Asian) 157–8, 160, 161, 164, Howard County, Arkansas 258n. 24 298n. 10 Hrbetnica 241 Indians see Native Americans Hriesnica 269n. 29 Indignation Meetings 72, 167–8 Huerta, Victoriano 135 Industrial Workers of the World 44, Hughes, Langston 199 78, 207 Hull House, Chicago 214 “insular cases” 110 Humenne 3, 187, 204, 296n. 41 interethnic fi ghting 90, 93–5, 97, 215, humor 50, 146, 168–9, 286n. 119, 233, 258–59n. 32 296n. 41, 296n. 48, 299n. 23 Ireland 54, 65, 278n. 80 African 147–9, 158–9 Irish 3, 52, 57, 60, 63, 69, 87, 103, 116, African American 2–3, 5, 43, 46, 118, 174, 210, 215, 278n. 80 86, 181, 187, 191–6, 204, 230, and Africans 65 256n. 6, humor 66, 146, 195, 204, 272n. 59, cannibal 141, 149, 152 , 192 287n. 125 Chinese 290n. 178 interethnic fi ghting 93, 233 Filipino 122, 287n. 125 and minstrel shows 182, 189–90 Gypsy 56, 85–6 and Poles 221

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race riots 221, 238, 240, 242, Jefferson, Thomas 108 301n. 45 Jeffersonville, Indiana 217 restrictive covenants 246 Jellico, Tennessee 211 and Slovaks 96, 233, 278n. 81, Jennings, Hugh 22 301n. 45 Jernejčik 241 Irkuats 58 Jersey City 96, 292n. 207 Irkutsk 64 Jewish Review 86–7, 276n. 50 Iron Curtain 251 Jews 37, 70–89, 215 Istanbul 60, 63, 66 and African Americans 89, 148, Italians 4, 82, 87, 180, 210, 240 177, 179–84, 189, 195, 240, 250, and African Americans 93–4, 251 259n. 32 and Africans 3, 59, 63, 65, 101, crime 85 153–7 humor 85–6, 274n. 12 anarchists 91–3 lynched 7, 15, 76–9 crime 68, 79, 89–93, 95, 97–100, minstrel shows 148, 177, 179–84, 258–9n. 32, 277n. 64 189, 195 humor 86 pogroms 36, 54–5, 71–6, 79, 82–3, interethnic fi ghting 91, 93–5, 97, 256n. 9 211, 214–15, 233, 258–9n. 32, restrictive covenants 239 277n. 64, 299n. 16 settlement houses 139 lynched 7, 20, 36, 90–3 and Slovaks 9, 51–2, 55–7, 68, 71– lynchers 41, 94 90, 275n. 41, 291n. 198 “people’s justice” 92 “Jews” (poem) 76 restrictive covenants 246 Jikira, Philippines 122 and Slovaks 9, 52, 57, 68, 95–7, Jim Crow see segregation 99–101, 189, 211, 214, 215 Johnson, Hiram 207 Italy 97, 98, 150, 153–5, 157 Johnson, Jack 218–19, 241 itinerancy 4, 27, 51–5, 63–6 Johnson, Lyndon 251 Johnstown, Pennsylvania 33, 175, 197 Jackson, Georgia 261n. 64 Jolo 107, 112, 116 Jackson, Missouri 28–9 Jolson, Al 189, 195 Jacksonville, Florida 226 Jones Bill 110 Jacksonville, Indiana 211 Jones, William A. 110 Jacobson, Matthew Frye 2, 4, 5–6, 50, Jonesboro, Arkansas 263n. 91 67, 87, 93, 116, 122–3, 126, 163, Joseph (archduke of Austria) 171 189, 205, 243, 248, 250 Joubert, Piet 150 Jamaica, Queens, New York 91–2 Journakoff, Sergei 242 Jamaica (West Indies) 133 Juhas, Ján 138–40 James, C. L. R. 128 Juraj of Podebrad 289n. 153 James, Jesse 20 Jurko, John 97 Jánošík 96 Japan 59, 82, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169, Kabyle Anamim 160 249, 290n. 176, 291n. 182 Kadak, Pavel K. 58–9, 165 Japanese 58–9, 133, 156, 158, 161–6, Károlyi, Count Mihály 171 170, 206–8, 249, 298n. 10 Kazakhs 57–8 jasličkari 51, 55, 190 Kazal, Russell 89, 97, 180, 192, 213, The Jazz Singer, 189, 195 240

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Kazamek, Juraj 180 Larksville, Pennsylvania 189–90 Kellogg Corn Flake Company 15 Lasch, Christopher 117 Kenya 152 Lattimer Massacre 7, 26, 129, 206, Kester, Ján 189 284n. 81 Ketchel, Stanley 218 Lattimer, Pennsylvania 7, 26, 129, 206 Key West, Florida 127 Laurier, Sir Wilfred 158 Keyworth Stadium (Hamtramck, Lawrence, Massachusetts 198 Michigan) 242 Lawrenceville, Illinois 38, 214, 233 Kiev 73–4 League of Law and Order 136–7 Kikta, Anna 3 Lee, Robert E. 188 Kikulski, John 210 Leechburg, Pennsylvania 101, 241 The King of the Gypsies 268n. 25 Lenin, Vladimir 75 King’s African Rifl emen 153–4 Lent 74 Kipling, Rudyard 42, 160 Leonia, New Jersey 263n. 93 Kishinev 54, 71–3, 79, 82, 274n. 14 Leopold II (king of Belgium) 156, Klimkowce (Galicia) Austria 251 288n. 144 “Kmoter Švablik z Kakošovec” Lhamon, W. T. Jr. 181–2, 186–7, 190, (“Godfather Švablik from 202–3 Kakošovec”) 85, 168, 169, 191 Liberal Party (Cuba) 126 Kolárovice 53, 63–4 Liberty Bonds 174–5 Kolumbus, Ján 46 Liberty Loans 266n. 116 Košice 55, 75, 89, 256n. 9 Libya see Tripoli Kosinec, Adam 64 “Licorice Quartet” 198 Kossuth, Lajos 167 Lincoln, Abraham 26, 63, 108, 123, Kowalewski, Bronislaw 221 173–4, 188, 212–13, 295n. 31, Kramer, Paul 105, 107, 111, 122 299n. 22 Ku Klux Klan 36, 43, 46, 185, 199, Lincoln High School (Cleveland) 56 243, 265n. 110 Lipsitz, George 2, 210, 252 Kubiš, Vincent 170 Liptak, Mathew T. 131 Kuko 269n. 29 Lithuanians 198–9, 215, 240, 242, 250 Kun, Béla 75 Little, Frank 44 Kurgan, Helen 294n. 15 Litwack, Leon 13, 17 Kuryer Polski 123 Livermore, Kentucky 13 Kushnir, Maria 56 , Yugoslavia 60 Kysuca 64–5 Lobeck, Agnes 227 Lochrie, Pennsylvania 95, 211 “La Marsellaise” 26 Lodge, Henry Cabot 53, 59, 69, 169, Laboda, Adam 3, 4 207 Lackawanna Valley, Pennsylvania London 53, 63, 65, 72, 161, 245 260n. 41 Loro, Emanuel 92 LaFollette, Tennessee 211 Los Angeles 26, 172, 249 Lake Village, Arkansas 18 Lott, Eric 34, 182, 190, 195 Lancaster, Pennsylvania 97 Lott, Oliver 261n. 62 Land of Our Forefathers 146 Louis, Joe 43, 47, 241 Lane, Jill 199 Louisville, Kentucky 245 Lansford, Pennsylvania 98, 115 Lowber, Pennsylvania 210 “large foreign policy” 104 Lower East Side, New York 37, 180–4

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Loyalty Club 180 Macon, Georgia 29, 259n. 32 Loyalty Day 266n. 116 Macon Telegraph 264n. 94 Ludlow, Colorado, 137–8 McVay, Thomas 238 Ludlow Massacre 137–8 Madagascar 65 Ľudový denník 43, 48, 240 Mafi a 9, 79, 85, 90, 93, 95, Ľudový kalendár na rok 1947 244 97–100, 102 Ľudový kalendár na rok 1950 64 Magellan, Ferdinand 106 Ludvík, Bretislav 147, 186 Magyarization 6, 169, 170, 172, Lumpkins, Charles 222 178, 180 Lutherans 19, 179, 198 Magyarones 178 Luzerne, Pennsylvania 189–90 Magyars 27, 32, 50, 52, 54, 64, 79, Luzon 104, 107, 116 82, 96, 140, 153, 154, lynching 1–2, 5, 9, 20–6, 28–45, 159, 164, 166–75, 178, 49, 54, 82, 121, 143, 164, 210, 211, 215, 291n. 186, 188, 212, 234, 257n. 291n. 191, 292n. 207 19, 258n. 24, 263n. Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania 91, 263n. 93 115, 167 African Americans resist 14, 18, 20, U.S.S. Maine 117 127, 228, 265n. 105 Majski Glas 160 Germans 32, 78, 174 Malays 106, 114, 123 Italians 7, 41–2, 90–3 Malcomson, Scott 65 Jews 7, 76–9 Mallpast, Charles 16–17 and Mexicans 137 Mamatey, Albert 291n. 194 miscegenation 16–17, 93, 257n. 16, Manchuria 73, 290n. 176 257n. 18 Manifest Destiny 104, 110 “people’s justice” 12, 13, 15–17, Manila 105–7, 109–11, 120–2, 126 22–4, 28, 30, 36, 37, 39, 41, 125, Mann Act 218 144, 148, 202, 227, 230, 232–3, Marconi, Guglielmo 155 264n. 94 Marietta, Georgia 15, 76 and Poles 122–3 marines 131, 134, 135, 187, 227 rape 15–16, 22, 24, 38–30, 32, 74, Marion, Indiana 261n. 66 76, 92, 227 Maris 58 and Slovaks 38–9, 41–5, 128, 131, Marseilles 157 172–4, 191–2, 238, 304n. 91 Marshall Street, Philadelphia 56 socialists denounce 42–5, 265n. 110 Martin, E. S. 70, 71 souvenir taking 29, 35, 41, 265n. Martin, Willey P. 42 105 Martinček, Reverend Jozef 168 Martinek, Joseph 242 MacArthur, Arthur 106–8 Martinson, Herman 139, 181 McClure’s Magazine 85 Marx Brothers 148, 287n. 128 “McDonough’s Jass Band Orchestra” Masaryk, Tomáš G. 70, 239 189–90 Masontown, Pennsylvania 212 McKeesport, Pennsylvania 26, 138, “Massa’s in the Cold, Cold Ground” 173, 222 185 McKinley, William 35, 103, 105, 107, Matthewson, Christy 260n. 41 114, 117, 123, 128, 130 Mau Maus 152, 161, 245 McLaughlin, Malcolm 215–16 May Day 26

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May, Lev. A. 76 Moravia 64 “the melting pot” 248–9 Moravians 27, 53 Memphis, Tennessee 278n. 75 Morawska, Ewa 56, 86 Menelik II (emperor of Ethiopia) Morgan City, Illinois 38, 214 153–4, 156–7 Morne law 127 Merchantville, New Jersey 227 Morocco 59, 153, 155, 157, 161, Merola, Crescenzo 92 288n. 137 Metuchen, New Jersey 234–7 Moros 109, 111, 112, 115–18, 121, Mexican Revolution 134–9 122, 126 Mexicana 139, 181 Morris, Patrick 16–17 Mexicans 7, 15, 41, 94, 103, 135–40, Morrisdale Mines, Pennsylvania 97 285n. 107, 286n. 111 Moscow 64, 65, 66, 161 Mexico 122, 134–9, 165, 285n. 107, Most Holy Trinity Roman Catholic 286n. 111 Church (Yonkers) 197 Miles, Nelson A. 103 Mouson, Henry 25 Miller, William 251 movies 146, 149, 189, 195, 218–19 Millersburg, Kentucky 37, 41 Mulberry Street, New York 92 Mindanao 104, 116, 119, 287n. 125 Muley Hassan (sultan of Morocco) Mineola, New York 98 153 Mineral Spring, Pennsylvania 174 multiethnic neighborhoods 56, 86, Mineral Wells, Mississippi 22–3 101, 214–15, 240, 246 Miners 199, 241 Mummers 190–1 Minersville, Pennsylvania 115 Munhall, Pennsylvania 26, 299n. 22 Mingo County, West Virginia 29 “Musical Americana” 198 Mingo Junction, Ohio 95 Muskegon Heights, Michigan Minh, Ho Chi 161 283n. 74 Minneapolis Tribune 257n. 19 Muslims 56–61, 107, 110, 115–16, 119, Minor, Robert 265n. 110, 289n. 156 120, 154–7 minstrel shows 10, 34, 43, 57, 146, Mussolini, Benito 160 148, 176–91, 195–203, 241, 251 “My Old Kentucky Home” 57, 185, miscegenation 16–17, 93, 96, 218, 189 257n. 18, 258n. 20 missionaries 55, 57, 141, 149, 154, “Nada,” Croatian-American Dramatic 156, 163, 164, 213, 286n. 116 Society of Chicago 43, 56, 198, “Mister Dooley” 287n. 125 241, 250 Mitchum, Robert 149 Naród Polski 221 Mlada Breda 60 Národný kalendár 57, 189, 284n. 81 Molčan, Jozef 115 Natal, South Africa 150 “Mongols” 52, 54, 58–60, 63, 69, 96, Natchez, Mississippi 17 140, 154, 158, 163–7, 169–72, National Association for the 175, 178, 207, 290n. 170, Advancement of Colored People 292n. 207 31, 230, 265n. 105 Monroe Doctrine 129–30, 134 National Guard 229 Monroe, Louisiana 24, 261n. 65 National Liberty Party 263n. 83 Montenegro 60 National Party (South Africa) 150–1 Montgomery, Alabama 227 National Slovak Society 8, 19, 26, 38, Moorestown, New Jersey 37 47, 77, 84, 95, 115, 155, 161, 208,

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243, 244, 255n. 20, 275n. 41 North Queensland, Australia 296n. 39 National Steel Company 95 Northover Cadets 182 Native Americans 84, 103–4, 112, 116, Notzer, Mary 227 171, 206, 218, 248, 286n. 116 Nováck, Valent 162 nativism 4, 69–70, 83–5, 93, 115 Novak, Michael 250 Navarre, 75 Nowak, Mary 251 Navy, U.S. 127, 129, 136, 166 Nubians 171 Nazis 86–7, 151, 243, 276n. 50 Neal, Claude 263–4n. 94 Obrana 80, 158–9, 174 neighborhood improvement Obregón, Álvaro 285n. 107 associations 94, 239–42, 245, Odessa 72 304n. 94 Oklahoma City 15 New Brunswick, New Jersey 193 “Old Black Joe” 180, 185 New Deal 86, 260n. 49 Old Forge, Pennsylvania 92 New Guinea 141–3, 150 The Old World in the New 69 New Haven, Pennsylvania 168 Olongapo, Zambales, Philippines 115 New Kensington, Pennsylvania 198 Omaha, Nebraska 192, 205, 225, “The New Mongolian Storm” 165 227–8, 240 “The New Negro” 21, 228 “open door” policy 59 New Orleans 16, 90, 98 Opium Wars 164 New York, 138, 146, 149, 177 Orange Free State, South Africa crime 32, 68, 226, 227 150–1 Czechs 66, 117 Orange, New Jersey 227 Italians 68, 91–3, 98, 100, 101 Orbach, C. L. 19 Jews 68, 70–3, 79, 89, 139, 180–4 orientalism 60, 70, 71, 159, 162, minstrel shows 176, 180–4, 186 273n. 7 Puerto Ricans 161, 245 Orsi, Robert 3, 63, 65, 256n. 6 race riots 234 Orth, Charles D. Jr. 181–2 settlement houses 37, 117, 139, 180 Osadné hlasy 241 Slovaks 60, 117, 168, 176, 180, 186 Othello 60 zoos 145 Otis, Elwell 107–8 New York American 154 Ottoman Empire 4, 51, 60–3, 158 New York Herald 83–4, 188 “Our Neighborhood” 194 New York Herald Tribune 245 Out of This Furnace 4, 27, 205 New York Times 92, 97, 260n. 40 Ozone Park, Queens, New York 101 Newark, New Jersey 60, 98, 223, 251, 278n. 81 Packingtown, Chicago 215 Newbern, Tennessee 28 Pacyga, Dominic 4, 31, 221, 223, 233, Nicaragua 134 239, 242 Nicetown, Philadelphia 215 Palestine 73, 79 The Nigger Night-School 180 Palm Garden (New York) 181–2 The Night Riders 185 Palmer Raids 47 Nitra, Georgia 19 Palmerton, Pennsylvania 72, 115, Nitra, Slovakia 19 291n. 198 Nixon, Richard M. 250 Pana, Illinois 106, 206 Norfolk, Virginia 275n. 44 Panama, 120, 133–4 Norman, William 36 Panama Canal 133–4, 207

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Papua 141 111–23, 126–31, 134, 138, 164, Parang 115 281n. 22, 287n. 125, 298n. 10 Paris 53 Phillips County, Arkansas 21, 216 Paris Communards 198 Philpott, Thomas 214–15, 234, 239–40 Parsons, Tennessee 257n. 16 Pilsen, Chicago 241 Passaic, New Jersey 5, 25, 38, 82, 97, Pirinsky, George 242–4 147, 168, 178–9, 182, 189, 210, Pittsburgh 27, 29, 164, 165, 198, 226 295n. 18 Pittsfi eld, Massachusetts 3, 4 Passover 74–5 Platt Amendment 125–6 Paterson, New Jersey 207 plays see minstrel shows, specifi c titles patriotism 5, 22, 84, 87–9, 116, 138, Plymouth Rock 5, 250 149, 159, 167, 180, 189, 198–9, pogroms 7, 15, 36, 54, 71, 75, 83, 206, 288–9n. 153 256n. 9 Pauken, James 79 Poignant, Roslyn 141, 171, 191 Pavliak, Tomáš 114, 138 Point Breeze, Philadelphia 246–7 Peekskill, New York 57 Point Breeze Homes, Philadelphia Pellegrino, Joseph 92 246 Pennsylvania State Constabulary 114, Polacktown, Philadelphia 292n. 207 155, 175, 281n. 26 Poland 64, 65, 71, 76, 88, 122, 251 People’s Party 217 Poles 53, 57, 82, 88, 155, 162, 199 Perna, Giovanni 90 and African Americans 195, 209–10, Pershing, John J. 117, 122, 128 214–15, 221–3, 239–40, 242–3 Perth Amboy, New Jersey 235, 292n. Chicago 4, 55, 210, 214–15, 221–3, 207 233, 239–40, 242 Peters, Paul 43 crime 55, 233 Petersburg, Virginia 19–20 and Cuba 122–3, 126 Petrosino, Joseph 98 Detroit 243 Phagan, Mary 76, 77 and Jews 75, 86 Philadelphia 190–1 lynched 256n. 9 African Americans 89, 97, 177, 180, Philadelphia 215 192, 213, 218, 238, 246–7 and the Philippines 115, 123, 126, Germans 89, 97, 180, 192, 213, 240 128, 186 Irish 238 pogroms 75 Italians 79, 92, 97, 101, 215 race riots 221–3, 239, 242–3 Jews 56, 74, 79 restrictive covenants 239–40, 242 Poles 79, 215 Saint Louis 239 race riots 177, 234, 237–8, 249 and scabs 94–5, 209–11, 223 Rusyns 57, 189, 246–7, 255n. 20, and tinkers 64 266n. 116 Polish Sokols 115 Slovaks 8, 27, 46, 54, 56–7, 74, 174, poll tax 43, 48, 241, 243 178, 189, 215, 241, 255n. 20, Polsky Žid 56 266n. 116, 292n. 207 The Pope 154 socialists 46, 241 Popular Front 88 Philadelphia Inquirer 92, 238, 247, Porambo, Ronald 223 265n. 105, 298n. 10 Port-au-Prince, Haiti 130 Philadelphia Tribune 238 Portugal 159 The Philippines 21, 35, 103–8, postcards 17, 66, 146, 229, 265n. 105

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Potash and Perlmutter’s Firm 56 Omaha 225–9 Pottsville, Pennsylvania 281n. 26 “people’s justice” 224, 228, 230, Poughkeepsie, New York 92 232–4 Powell, Reverend George 247 Philadelphia 234, 237–8 Prager, Robert 32, 78, 174 Rosewood, Florida, 230, 232 51, 53, 66, 104, 146–8, 164, Springfi eld, Illinois, 211, 217 171, 185, 186 Tulsa 217, 225, 229–31 Pratt City, Alabama 212 Racine, Wisconsin 19 Presbyterians 246 Radzialowski, Thaddeus 195, 209 Pretoria 150 Raleigh, North Carolina 275n. 44 Prince Street, New York 98 Rankin, Pennsylvania 38, 214, 234 Princeton University 163 rape 15–16, 22, 24, 28–30, 32, 74, 76, Prisega o Polnoči 56 92, 94, 227, 230 Prochazka, Karel 53 Reading, Pennsylvania 100 Progress 161 Rebel Arts Bulletin 43 Prosser, Gabriel 131 Rebel Arts League 198–9 prostitution 85, 96, 98, 218, 275n. 44 Reconstruction 177, 185, 216, 219 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 198 Red Bank, New Jersey 226 Providence, Rhode Island 226 Reed, Paul 21, 34 Pruit, Bud 216 Remington Company 237 public housing 197, 243, 245–6 Republican Party 185, 250–1, 294n. Puck 66, 146, 181, 272n. 59, 274n. 12 15, 296n. 41 Puerto Ricans 101, 117, 120, 131–3, Republican Salute to Captive Nations 161, 245 251 Puerto Rico 104, 119–20, 131–4, 161 restrictive covenants 4, 94, 101, 239– Pullman, Illinois 215 40, 245, 304n. 85 Purcell, Oklahoma 37 Richard, Ernst 270n. 35 Purim 89 Rio Grande River 134 Pynsent, Robert 54 “Rip and Račik” 152, 169, 191–2, 202 Robotnícky kalendár na rok 1921 43, 44 Queens, New York 91–2, 101 Robotnícky kalendár na rok 1937 43, 45, Queens Village, New York 101 46, 47, 241 Rockefeller, John D. 137–9, 156, 285n. race riots 4, 10, 20, 35, 195, 202, 205, 109 214–18, 220–35, 237–40, 242–6, Roediger, David 2, 7, 31, 67, 68, 78, 249 165, 195, 206, 240 and African American self-defense Rogin, Michael 2, 70, 148, 177, 189, 18, 21, 37–8, 214–16, 222–3, 195, 218 228–30, 232–3, 238 Rokovnjači 56 Chicago 38, 192–3, 214, 220–6, Roma see Gypsies 233–4, 238, 240, 306n. 114 Romania 65 Chinese 158 Romanians 80, 210 Cicero, Illinois, 246 Rome 101, 153, 156 Detroit 88, 234, 242–3, 245–6 Romero, George 20 East Saint Louis, Illinois, 215–16, Roosevelt, Franklin D. 161, 235, 260n. 220, 226, 228, 233, 235, 238 49 Japanese 158 Roosevelt, Theodore 21, 34, 36, 73,

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76, 104, 114, 118, 123, 125–30, (Greek) Catholic Church 156, 164, 217, 274n. 14 (Cleveland) 56 Roots Too 5 Saint John’s Lutheran Church Rope and Faggot 31 (Passaic) 179 “Rose Marie” 197 Saint Louis 64, 112, 220, 239 Rosenberg, Louis (“Lefty Louie”) 85 Saint Louis World’s Fair 111–12, 122, Rosenbloom, William 85 145, 146, 171, 287n. 123 Rosewood, Florida 227, 230, 232 Saint Mary of the Assumption Ross, Edward Alsworth 4, 50, 53, Byzantine (Greek) Catholic 68–70, 207 Church (Wilkes-Barre) 198 Rothschild, Baron 82 Saint Michael the Archangel Roman Rovnianek, P. V. 19, 275n. 41 Catholic Church (Chicago) 246 Rovnost ľudu 26, 42, 43, 54, 75, 128, Saint Michael’s Byzantine (Greek) 134, 148, 160, 188, 193, 213, 232 Catholic Church (Passaic) 189 Roxy Theater (New York) 149 Saint Paul, Minnesota 147–8, 186 Russia 15, 36, 53, 54, 57–61, 64–5, Saint Petersburg 36, 51, 58, 65, 66, 71–3, 75, 76, 79, 82–4, 128, 74, 79 165–6, 290n. 176, 305n. 104 Salemville, Pennsylvania 92 Russians 36, 57–61, 73, 75, 83, Salvatore, Michael 98 165, 171 Samara, Russia 65 Russo-Japanese War 58, 165, 171 Samoa 134 Rust, Minnie 28 Samoeds 58 Rusyns 5, 6, 8, 53, 58, 103, 153, 173, San Francisco 104, 207 194–5, 198 San Juan, Puerto Rico 120, 132 and African Americans 10, 247 Santo Domingo see Dominican and Cuba 125 Republic and Germans 54 Šariš 164 jasličkari 51 Saxton, Alexander 2, 67, 116, 181 and Jews 56, 71–3, 75 scabs, 4, 26, 94, 95, 106, 133, 206, and Magyars 52, 54, 72, 178 209–13, 223, 277n. 64, 299n. 166 minstrel shows 178–9, 189 Schechter, Kate 139, 181 Philadelphia 57, 189, 247, 255n. 20, Schneider, William H. 65 266n. 116 Schultz, Alfred P. 4 and Puerto Ricans 133 Scomana, “Majk” 90, 92 in the South 19–20 Scranton, Pennsylvania 86, 92, 167, 193, 198 Sabadság 168 Scranton Times 167 Safe Harbor, Pennsylvania 97 Scribner’s 148 Saint Charles, Arkansas 18 Sebastian, Texas 136 Saint Francis Roman Catholic Church segregation 4, 31, 49, 66, 177, 202, (Johnstown, Pennsylvania) 197 212, 218, 227, 249 Saint Francis’ Roman Catholic Army 121 Church (Lawrence, and communists 265n. 115 Massachusetts) 198 Cuban 126, 199 Saint John of God Roman Catholic Haitian 131 Church (Chicago) 221 in North 210, 214–15, 234, 239–41, Saint John the Baptist Byzantine 244–7, 265n. 115

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school 172, 245 Slovak People’s Party 86 Slovak 54 Slovak Socialist Workers’ Section 42, union 210 46, 47, 134, 160, 241 Selma, Alabama 261n. 62 Slovakia 54, 63–4, 86, 88, 169, 175, Senegalese 160 291n. 194 Senior Young Men’s Association Slovaktown, Arkansas 17–20 181–3 64 Šenk Palenčený 56 Slovenians 56, 160, 292n. 203 Serbia 60, 64, 65 Smith, Bert 41 Serbs 80 Smith, Frank 18 settlement houses 37, 117, 139, 177, Smith, Grant 37 180–5, 290n. 178, 294n. 15 Smith, Jacob 114 Seville, Spain, 75 Smolnicky, Ján 173–4 Shakespeare, William 60 Social Darwinism 58, 104, 156, 165, Shamokin, Pennsylvania 115 168 Sharon, Pennsylvania 168 Socialist Party 199, 294n. 15 Shaw, George Bernard 187 socialists 42–3, 46, 56, 79, 93, 148, Shelley, Thomas 197 154, 160, 181, 188, 193, 198–9, Shuffl e Along 195 241 Siberia 57–8, 64, 69 Sojourner Truth Homes, Detroit 243, Sicilians 9, 20, 65, 69, 93, 98–100, 193, 245 257n. 18 Somalia 154 Silesia 64, 256n. 9 Somerville, New Jersey 234–5, 237 Silverstein, Len 85 Somogyi, Manó 64 Simmons, F. M. 167 Sons of the Mayfl ower 50 Sinclair, Upton 241 Šottník, Jozef 60 Singing Jailbirds 241 South Africa 149–51 Sioux 112, 171 Soviet Union 160, 244 Slabey, J. M. 168 Spain 64, 75, 103, 105, 109, 117, 119, slavery 20, 59, 66, 173–4, 187–8, 195, 153, 199 204, 212–13, 242, 295n. 31 Spanish-American War 21, 105, 112, Slavonia 64 123, 217 Slovak American Citizens Club Spanish West Africa 141, 144 (Brooklyn) 178, 185 Sparrows Point, Baltimore 172, 244 Slovak Calvinistic Presbyterian Union Spellman, Archbishop Francis 88, 243 246 Spielmann, Carl Christian 165, Slovak Catholic Sokol Hall (Passaic) 290n. 179 97 Spiš 65 Slovak Colonization Society 19 Spring Valley, Illinois 94 Slovak Gymnastic Union Sokol 101 Springfi eld, Illinois 78, 211, 217 Slovak Hall (Brooklyn) 178 “Squire Edgegate” 43, 193 Slovak Hall (Philadelphia) 46, 47, 49, “starozhily” 58 178, 241 The Starvation Army, a Labor Play on Slovak League of America 86, 276n. Unemployment 198 50, 291n. 194, 292n. 207 Statesboro, Georgia 21, 34 Slovak National Hall (New York) 145, Statue of Liberty 248 176, 186 Steeltown, Chicago 215

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stereotyping 142–4, 152, 192 Tannenbaum, Irvin 139, 181 Steyn, Martinus Theunis 150 Tappes, Shelton 242 Stockyard Labor Council 210 Tarentum, Pennsylvania 290n. 178 Stoddard, Lothrop 53, 70, 157 Tasker Homes, Philadelphia 246 Stolarik, M. Mark 19, 27 Tatar 56, 269n. 29 Štrajk 56 Tatars 56, 57, 60, 165 Strausbaugh, John 190 Tbilisi, Georgia 64, 65 Straz 123 “Teddy Ronson” 194 Streible, Dan 218 Texas 35, 36, 43, 94, 128, 134, 136–7, strikes 7, 81–2, 129, 282n. 40, 284n. 81 245, 286n. 111 and African Americans 106, 199, Texas Rangers 136–7 206, 209–13, 216, 244 Thanksgiving 177, 199, 201 and Chinese 120, 207 Thomas, Waldo 263n. 91 and Italians 93, 95, 211 Thrasher, Frederic 221, 233 and Poles 155, 162, 198–9, 209–11 Tin Pan Alley 148 and Puerto Ricans 133 tinkers 4, 9, 51, 53–5, 63–6, 271n. 56 and scabs 26, 95, 106, 206, 209–13 Tiso, Monsignor Jozef 86, 276n. 49, and Slovaks 95, 206, 212–13 276n. 50 and state police 26, 114, 137–8, 155, Toda 171 175, 260n. 46, 281n. 26 Tokyo 165, 166 Studs Lonigan 301n. 45 Toll, Robert C. 182 Stuttgart, Germany 64 Tonawanda, New York 209 suburbanization 38, 89, 234–7, 240, Torgovnick, Marianna 145 250 Treaty of Paris 109 Suggs, Henry Lewis 131 Treaty of Versailles 175 Sugrue, Thomas J. 240, 246, 249 Treidberg, Joe 85 Sulu 112 Trenčín 27, 51, 54, 64–6 Sumatra 141 Trenton, New Jersey 56 Sunderland, Willard 58 Trescow, Pennsylvania 188–9 Sunshine Club 294n. 15 Trinity College (North Carolina) 37 Svatopluk Slovak Club (Philadelphia) Tripoli 59, 101, 150, 153–7 8 Trotsky, Leon 75 “Swanee River” 178 Truc na Truc 269n. 29 Swedes 94, 210, 240, 299n. 16 Trumbull Park, Chicago 306n. 114 Sweet, Ossian 234, 303n. 79 Tulsa, Oklahoma 192, 217, 229–31, Switzerland 64 233, 240 Syracuse, New York 79, 85 59, 63 Syrians 163, 290n. 170 Tunisia 59, 63, 65, 155 Turkey 51, 58, 60–3, 65, 120, 153–5, Taft, William Howard 21, 110, 118, 170 166, 294n. 15 Turkmenistan 160 Tagalogs 107, 109, 110, 114, 118, 123 Turner, George 263n. 83 Tageblatt 213 Turner, Nat 131 Tahiti 146 Tuscano, Franco 98–9 Tallapoosa, Georgia 19 Tuttle, William 234 Tampico 136 Twain, Mark 117

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Ukraine 55, 192, 251 Waldorf-Astoria Hotel 68 Ukrainians 58, 215 Waldrep, Christopher 14, 16 Ulster 278n. 81 Wall Street, New York 134, 286n. 111 unions 78, 96, 137, 161, 181, 182, Wallace, George 251 198–9, 206, 207, 210, 213, 216, Wallington, New Jersey 38–40, 234, 226, 241–3 236 United Auto Workers 242 Walsenburg, Colorado 211 United Electrical Workers 161 War is a Racket 134 United Mine Workers 137 Warne, Frank Julian 69 Unity Club 139 Warsaw 51, 66, 104 University of Chicago 214 Washington, Booker T. 33, 217 Usti nad Orlici 66 Washington Club 181 Uzhorod 55, 192 Washington, D.C. 90, 109, 110, 114–16, 126, 128–9, 134, 135, V Službe 189 137, 163, 166, 169 Valdosta, Georgia 259n. 32 Washington, George 108, 159, 167, Valley Forge 88–9 288–9n. 153 Vanco, Ján 168 Washington, Jesse 260n. 40 Vancouver 158, 164 Watervliet, New York 227 Vandergrift, Pennsylvania 95 The Weavers 187 vaudeville 7, 141, 147–8, 190, 191 Weber, John 273n. 4 Vdávání Lilky Grůnn, a Jewish Comedy Webster County, Kentucky 206 56 Webster, Daniel 286n. 116 Veľké Rovné 271n. 56 Weinberger, Irving 181 Veľký Gemereš 82 Wellsville, Ohio 94 Venezuela 129 Wendell, Barrett 275n. 42 Venice, Illinois 220 Wentworth Avenue, Chicago 214 Veracruz 135–7 West Frankfort, Illinois 94, 215 Vesey, Denmark 131 West Indies 133, 298n. 10 Vicksburg, Mississippi 259n. 32 Western Federation of Miners 206 Vienna 27, 51, 52, 53, 55, 66, 171 Weyler, Valeriano 122 Vietnam 161 When Slavery was in Bloom in America Villa, Pancho 135–8 187–8, 241 Vincennes, Indiana 217 White, Edward 110 Viterbo, Italy 97 White Elephant Hotel (Philadelphia) VJ Day 244 292n. 207 Volga River 57–8, 65 White, George F. 12–14, 28, 38–40, Volgus 58 233, 304n. 91 Volz, Wilhelm 141 “white man’s wage” 59, 69, 104, 133, voodoo 20 162, 174, 177, 197, 206–9, 211, Vortrekkers 150 299n. 21, 299n. 22 Vranov 2 White Plains, New York 98 Vrbovče 284n. 74 “white privilege” 31, 163, 165, 209, 210, 212, 226, 240, 244, 252, Waco, Texas 260n. 40 292n. 207 Wagner, Honus 260n. 41 white slavery, 98, 275n. 44

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White, Walter 22, 31, 230 Wright, Richard H. Jr. 214 The White Witch Doctor 149 wild man of Borneo 66, 143 yellow journalism 34–5, 55, 104, 105, Wilhelm II (kaiser of Germany) 62–3, 127, 229 172 “Yellow Peril” 59, 104, 133, 162, 165, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 174, 198, 166, 249, 252, 298n. 10 278n. 78 Yonkers, New York 92, 146–7, 168, Wilkeson, Washington 299n. 16 197, 298n. 10 Williams, G. Grant 238 Yorkville, New York 180 Williams, Yohuru 14 Young Men’s Christian Association 179 Wilmington, Delaware 12, 14, 28, 29, Youngstown, Ohio 98, 115, 304n. 85 38–40, 233, 234, 304n. 91 Youngstown Sheet and Tube 304n. 85 Wilmington, North Carolina 126 Yugoslavia 64 Wilson, Peter L. 59 Wilson, Woodrow 160, 163, 173, 175, Zajacz, Nikolaj 20 181, 266n. 116, 270n. 35 Zambales, Philippines 115 Winton, Hal 42 Zangwill, Israel 72 Wolfe, Larry 51, 53 Zaniat, Štefan 114–15 Wood, Amy Louise 17, 21, 24 Zanzibar 140 Wood, Leonard 125, 229 Žatkovich, Gregory 173 Workers’ (Communist) Party 42, 134, Zemplín 2–3, 27, 82, 204 160 Zgoda 123 World War I 8, 22, 32, 38, 47, 52, 60, Zhu Chen, China 163 69, 72, 78–9, 94, 157–9, 167–74, Zimula, Jozef 64 178, 205, 207, 215, 217 Zionists 73, 79 World War II 4, 59, 88–9, 161, 166, Zizka, Ján 289n. 153 185, 232, 242, 244–6, 248, Zola, Emile 187 292n. 207 Zoltán 168 World’s Columbian Exposition 112, zoos 51, 65, 66, 145–7, 149, 153, 171 146, 287n. 125 Zulumćar 60, 270n. 40 world’s fairs 66, 111–12, 122, 145, 149, Zulus 146–7, 150–2, 157, 168, 171, 171, 186 190–1, 197 Wright, Richard 43 Zunz, Olivier 214

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