DOCSLIB.ORG

Library of Congress Classification Outline: Class K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Library of Congress Classification Outline: Class K LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION OUTLINE CLASS K - LAW (Click each subclass for details) Subclass K Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence Subclass KB Religious law in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence Subclass KBM Jewish law Subclass KBP Islamic law Subclass KBR History of canon law Subclass KBU Law of the Roman Catholic Church. The Holy See Subclasses United Kingdom and Ireland KD-KDK Subclass KDZ America. North America Subclass KE Canada Subclass KF United States Subclass KG Latin America - Mexico and Central America - West Indies. Caribbean area Subclass KH South America Subclasses Europe KJ-KKZ Subclasses Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica KL-KWX Subclass KZ Law of nations Subclass K K1-7720 Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence K1-36.5 Periodicals K37-44 Bibliography K46 Monographic series K48 Encyclopedias K50-54 Dictionaries. Words and phrases K58 Maxims. Quotations K(64) Yearbooks K68-70 Directories K85-89 Legal research K94 Legal composition and draftsmanship K100-103 Legal education K109-110 Law societies. International bar associations K115-130 The legal profession K133 Legal aid. Legal assistance to the poor K140-165 History of law K170 Biography K(175) Congresses K(176)-(177) Collected works (nonserial) K(179) Addresses, essays, lectures K181-184.7 Miscellany K190-195 Ethnological jurisprudence. Primitive law K201-487 Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law K202 Periodicals K212-213 Methodology K215-218 History K236 Universality and non-universality of law K237-264 The concept of law K270-274 Acts and events K280-286 Sources of law K288-296 Interpretation and construction of law. Lacunae in law K300-304 Classification of law. Typology K321-474 Schools of legal theory K325-328 Historical jurisprudence K330-344 Positivism K366-380 Sociology of law. Sociological jurisprudence K400-474 Natural law K486-487 Relation of law to other topics K(520)-5582 Comparative law. International uniform law K524-525 Treaties and other international agreements K540-546 Trials K578-579 Concepts applying to several branches of law K583-(591) Legal systems compared K592-597 Regional divisions. Interregional comparative law K600-615 Private law K605-615 Unification K623-968 Civil law K625-709 Persons K670-709 Domestic relations. Family law K720-792 Property K795-798 Trusts and trustees K805-821 Succession upon death K830-968 Obligations K840-917 Contracts K920 Restitution. Quasi contracts. Unjust enrichment K923-968 Torts K970 Compensation to victims of crime. Reparation K1000-1395 Commercial law K1010-1014 The merchant. Business enterprises K1021-1022 Commercial agency K1024-1132 Commercial contracts K1026-1045 Sale of goods K1054-1065.5 Negotiable instruments K1066-1089 Banking K1094-1096 Loan of money K1100-1109 Secured transactions K1112-1116 Investments K1130-1132 Carriage of goods and passengers. Carriers K1150-1231 Maritime law K1195-1223 Maritime social legislation K1226-1231 Marine insurance K1241-1287 Insurance K1301-1366 Business associations K1370-1395 Insolvency and bankruptcy. Creditors' rights K1401-1578 Intellectual property K1411-1485 Copyright K1500-1578 Industrial property K1700-1973 Social legislation K1701-1841 Labor law K1861-1929 Social insurance K1960-1973 Public welfare. Public assistance K2100-2385 Courts. Procedure K2110-2155 Court organization and procedure K2201-2385 Civil procedure K2390 Negotiated settlement. Compromise K2400-2405 Arbitration and award K3150 Public law K3154-3370 Constitutional law K3161 Constitutional history K3169 The state K3171-3179 Constitutional principles K3184-3188 Form and structure of government K3195 National territory K3201 Foreign relations administration K3220 Public policy K3224-3278 Individual and state K3280-3282 Church and state K3289-3367 Organs of government K3290-3304 The people. Election law K3310-3329 The legislature K3332-3363 Heads of state and the central government K3367 The judiciary K3370 Constitutional courts and procedure K3375 Colonial law K3400-3431 Administrative law K3402-3417 The administrative process K3420-3431 Administrative organization K3440-3460 Civil service. Government officials and employees K3476-3560 Public property. Public restraint on private property K3566-3578 Public health K3581-(3598) Environmental law K3601-3611 Medical legislation K3615-3622 Veterinary laws. Veterinary medicine and hygiene. Prevention of cruelty to animals K3625-3649 Food. Drugs. Cosmetics K3651-3654 Alcohol. Alcoholic beverages K3661-3674 Public safety K3700-3705 Control of social activities K3740-3762 Education K3770-3795 Science and arts. Research K3820-3836 Economic constitution, policy, planning, and development K3840-4375 Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law K3842-3862 Trade regulations. Control of trade practices K3870-3918 Primary production. Extractive industries K3921-3925 Manufacturing industries K3926-3935 Food processing industries K3941-3974 Trade and commerce K3978-3992 Public utilities K4011-4343 Transportation and communication K4360-4375 Professions and occupations K4430-4675 Public finance K4453-4640 National revenue K4650-4675 State and local finance K4700-4705 Government measures in time of war, national emergency, or economic crisis K4720-4780 National defense. Military law K4725-4734 The military establishment. Armed forces K4740-4760 Military criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Criminal law and procedure K5015.4-5350 Criminal law K5401-5570 Criminal procedure K5575-5582 Juvenile criminal law and procedure K7000-7720 Private international law. Conflict of laws K7051-7054 International unification, approximation, and harmonization K7060-7081 Choice of law K7085 Retroactive law. Intertemporal law K7090 Juristic acts K7120-7197 Persons K7125-7140 Natural persons K7145-7148 Juristic persons. Associations K7155-7197 Domestic relations. Family law K7157-7179 Marriage. Husband and wife K7181-7197 Parent and child. Guardian and ward K7200-7218 Property K7222 Trust and trustees K7230-7245 Succession upon death K7260-7338 Obligations K7265-7305 Contracts K7310 Restitution. Quasi contracts. Unjust enrichment K7315-7338 Torts K7340-7512 Commercial law K7350-7444 Commercial contracts K7449-7460 Maritime law K7470 Insurance K7485-7495 Business associations. Business corporations K7510-7512 Insolvency and bankruptcy. Creditors' rights K7550-7582 Intellectual property K7555-7557 Copyright K7570-7582 Industrial property K7585-7595 Social legislation K7611-7688 Civil procedure. International civil procedure K7690 Arbitration and award K7720 Recognition of foreign administrative acts Subclass KB KB1-4855 Religious law in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence KB2-4 Bibliography KB7-68 Periodicals KB68 Annuals. Annuaires KB70.A-Z Monographic series. By title, A-Z KB73 Collections. Compilations (General and comprehensive) KB74-78 Auxiliary sciences KB90.A-Z Encyclopedias. Law dictionaries. Terms and phrases. Vocabularies. By author or title, A-Z KB100.A-Z Proverbia. Legal maxims. Brocardica juris. Regulae juris. By author or title, A-Z KB122 Biography (Collective) KB130 Legal research. Legal bibliography. Methods of bibliographic research KB150 Conferences. Symposia KB160 General works. Treatises KB162-250 Legal systems compared KB270-280 Theory, philosophy, and science of religious law KB400-4855 Interdisciplinary discussion of subjects KB400 Ritual law. Religious observances and rituals KB410 Law reform and policies. Criticism KB479 Private law (General) KB480-482 Private international law. Conflict of laws KB491 Civil law (General) KB524-530 Persons KB531-619 Domestic relations. Family law KB622-628.5 Guardianship. Guardian and ward KB632-636.2 Inheritance and succession KB636.3 Gifts. Charitable gifts. Donations KB640-726 Property. Res in commercio KB810-962.8 Obligations. Contracts and transactions KB1270-1278 Labor laws and legislation KB1468-1550 Social laws and legislation. Welfare. Charities KB1572-1690 Courts and procedure KB2000-2035 Public law. The State KB2101-2862 Constitutions and religion. Constitutional and administrative law KB2870 Civil service. Employees of state, communal agencies, and religious corporations KB3000-3034 Police and public safety KB3040.5-3056 Public property. Government property KB3075-3096.5 Public health KB3098-3121.7 Medical legislation KB3122 Veterinary medicine and hygiene. Veterinary public health KB3123-3123.5 Animal protection. Animal welfare. Animal rights KB3124-3125 Birth control. Family planning KB3127-3135 Environmental law KB3137-3183 Cultural affairs KB3190-3429 Economic law KB3440-3500.7 Transportation and communication KB3515-3522 Professions. Intelligentsia KB3526-3694 Public finance KB3709-3726 Government measures in time of war, national emergency, or economic crisis KB3735-3780 Military law KB3790-4855 Criminal law and procedure Subclass KBM KBM1-4855 Jewish law. Halakah Halakah KBM523.6 Even ha-#ezer law (General) KBM523.72 H. oshen mishpat. law (General) KBM523.8-4855 Mishpat Ivri KBM523.8 Bibliography KBM523.82 Monographic series KBM523.9 Legal education. Study and teaching KBM524 General works KBM524.12-524.26 The concept of Jewish law KBM524.3 Sources of Jewish law (Mishpat Ivri) KBM524.32-.34 Methodology of law development KBM524.36 Influence of other legal systems on Jewish law KBM524.38 Law reform and policies. Criticism KBM524.4.A-Z Concepts applying to several branches of the law, A-Z KBM524.42 Private law KBM524.43 Conflict of laws. Plurality of laws conflict KBM524.5 Assistance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understanding the Value of Law Related and Civic Education 34P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 429 879 SO 029 531 AUTHOR Cornett, Jeffrey W. TITLE Understanding the Value of Law Related and Civic Education for Youth: A Review of the Literature. PUB DATE 1998-05-00 NOTE 34p.; Report prepared for the American Bar Association, April 1997. Paper presented at the Civitas: An International Civic Exchange Program Conference (Vogosca-Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, May 7-13, 1998). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070)=- Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Citizenship Education; *Civics; Critical Thinking; *Law Related Education; Literature Reviews; *Scholarship; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Student Attitudes; Student Behavior IDENTIFIERS Civic Values ABSTRACT Research in law-related education (LRE) and related fields is reviewed in this report. For the past two decades, researchers consistently have reported that law-related curricula and instruction make a positive impact on youth when compared to traditional approaches to teaching and learning law, civics, and government. The overall conclusion is that LRE programs have a positive effect on student knowledgeabout law and legal processes, and individual rights and responsibilities. Inaddition, there is evidence that LRE programs have a positive influence on student attitudes and behavior. The most positive changes in student behavior often are associated with LRE programs where the following elements are present: instruction is of high quality and promotes higher order thinking; students are actively involved in the instructional process; teachers thoughtfully mediate the curriculum through wise selection of materials and outside resource persons; administrators actively support the program; and instructors have a network of professional peer support. This review incorporates an analysis of the major databases that yielded 9 technical reports, 6 scholarly papers, and 25 dissertations directly linked to law-related education.
    [Show full text]
  • National Cultural Policy 2012 (Draft)
    NATIONAL CULTURAL POLICY MONTSERRAT (DRAFT) TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg Executive Summary 1 Philosophical Statement 1 2 Methodology 1 3 Background 2 4 Definition of Culture 4 5 Mapping the Cultural Landscape 5 6 The Cultural Backdrop 6 7 Proposed Policy Positions of the Government of Montserrat 16 8 Aims of the Policy 17 9 Self Worth and National Pride 18 10 The Arts 21 11 Folkways 24 12 Masquerades 27 13 Heritage 29 14 Education 32 15 Tourism 35 16 Economic Development 38 17 Media and Technology 41 18 Infrastructure 44 19 Implementation 47 Appendix 1 Groups & Persons Consulted Appendix 2 Consulting Instruments Select Biography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Executive Summary presents a brief philosophical statement, the policy positions of the government and the aims of the policy. It defines culture, outlines the areas of national life considered in the policy and provides a selection of the action to be taken. The policy document emphasizes the importance of the development of a sense of self-worth and national pride, the role of folkways in defining a Montserratian identity and the role of training, research and documentation in cultural development and preservation. Particular emphasis is placed on culture as a means of broadening the frame of economic activity. The co modification of aspects of culture brooks of no debate; it is inevitable in these challenging economic times. The policy is presented against a backdrop of the Montserrat cultural landscape. Philosophical Statement Montserrat’s culture is rooted in its history with all its trials and triumphs. Culture is not only dynamic and subject to influences and changes over time, but it is also dialectical, meaning that while it springs from history and development, culture also impacts and informs development .
    [Show full text]
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, Report Was Prepared by the World Justice Project
    World Justice .:�=; Project World Justice Project ® Rule of Law Index 2020 The World Justice Project Rule The World Justice Project of Law Index® 2020 The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, report was prepared by the World Justice Project. Kamel Ayadi, William C. Hubbard, Hassan Bubacar The Index’s conceptual framework and methodology Jallow, Suet-Fern Lee, Mondli Makhanya, Margaret were developed by Juan Carlos Botero, Mark David McKeown, William H. Neukom, John Nery, Ellen Agrast, and Alejandro Ponce. Data collection and Gracie Northfleet, James R. Silkenat and Petar Stoyanov. analysis for the 2020 report was performed by Lindsey Bock, Erin Campbell, Alicia Evangelides, Emma Frerichs, Directors Emeritus: President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai Joshua Fuller, Amy Gryskiewicz, Camilo Gutiérrez Patiño, Matthew Harman, Alexa Hopkins, Ayyub Officers: Mark D. Agrast, Vice President; Deborah Ibrahim, Sarah Chamness Long, Rachel L. Martin, Jorge Enix-Ross, Vice President; Nancy Ward, Vice A. Morales, Alejandro Ponce, Natalia Rodríguez President; William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Cajamarca, Leslie Solís Saravia, Rebecca Silvas, and Board; Gerold W. Libby, General Counsel and Adriana Stephan, with the assistance of Claudia Secretary; William H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Bobadilla, Gabriel Hearn-Desautels, Maura McCrary, James R. Silkenat, Director and Treasurer. Emma Poplack, and Francesca Tinucci. The report was produced under the executive direction of Elizabeth Executive Director: Elizabeth Andersen Andersen. Chief Research Officer: Alejandro Ponce Lead graphic designer for this report was Priyanka Khosla, with assistance from Courtney Babcock. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report was made possible by the generous supporters of the work of the Lead website designer was Pitch Interactive, with World Justice Project listed in this report on page 203.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of the German Language in Papua New Guinea T
    Craig Alan Voll<er The legacy of the German language in Papua New Guinea t. lntroduction' German colonial rule in the western Pacific began formally in 1884 when unbe- known to them, people in north-eastern New Guinea (Ifuiser Wilhelmsland), the archipelago around the Bismarck Sea, and in the next year, almost ali of neigh- boring Micronesia were proclaimed to be under German "protection". This act changed ways of living that had existed for tens of thousands of years and laid the foundation for what eventually became the modern state of Papua New Guinea. This proclamation was made in German, a language that was then unknown to Melanesians and Micronesians. Today the German language is again mostly unknown to most Melanesians and only a few visible traces of any German colonial legacy remain. There are no old colonial buildings, no monuments outside of a few small and almost hidden cemeteries, and no German Clubs or public signs in German. In this century there has not even been a German embassy. But it is impossible to step out in New Ireland (the former "Neu-Mecklenburg"), for example, without being con- fronted by a twenty-first century reality that is in part a creation of German col- onial rule. Species that were introduced by the Germans stiil retain their German name, frorn clover,I(lee in both German and the local Nalik language to pineap- ples (GermanAnanas / Nalik ananas). The best rural road in the country the Bulominski Highway was started by and named after the last German governor of Neu-Mecklenburg and a mountain range is known as the Schleinitz Range.
    [Show full text]
  • Substantive Criminal Law: Principles and Working 1 Vocabulary
    55256_CH01_001_016.pdf:55256_CH01_001_016.pdf 12/18/09 1:58 PM Page 1 CHAPTER Substantive Criminal Law: Principles and Working 1 Vocabulary Key Terms Actual cause Ecclesiastical courts Positive law Actus reus Federalism Precedent Administrative law Felony Preponderance of the evidence Attendant circumstances General intent Procedural law Beyond a reasonable doubt Gross misdemeanor Property crime Burden of proof Injunctive relief Proximate cause But-for test Intervening cause Punitive damage Canon law Jurisdiction Recklessness Capital felony Kings courts Republic Case law Law courts Social contract theory Civil law Least restrictive mechanism Specific intent Code of Hammurabi Legal cause Stare decisis Common law Lesser included offense Statutory law Compensatory damage Mala in se Strict liability Constitutional law Mala prohibita Substantial factor test Constructive intent Mens rea Substantive law Corpus delicti Misdemeanor Tort Courts of equity Misprision of felony Tortfeasor Crime Natural law Transferred intent Criminal law Negligence Uniform Crime Reports Culpable Nulla poena sine lege Violation Declaratory relief Ordinance Violent crime Democracy Ordinary misdemeanor Wobblers Deviance Petty misdemeanor Introduction This chapter explores and describes the founda- tions of American criminal law. While progressing From the genesis of time, human beings have sought through its content, readers are informed of the to establish guidelines to govern human behavior. In extent to which serious crime occurs in America. ancient civilizations, rules were derived from morals, Readers will also develop an appreciation for the customs, and norms existing within society. Thus, in Republic form of government used in this nation most societies, modern laws evolved from a loose and how social contract theory guides the construc- set of guidelines into a formal system of written tion of criminal law.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Morals and the Law in Ancient Egypt and Babylon James Bronson Reynolds
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 4 1914 Sex Morals and the Law in Ancient Egypt and Babylon James Bronson Reynolds Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation James Bronson Reynolds, Sex Morals and the Law in Ancient Egypt and Babylon, 5 J. Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 20 (May 1914 to March 1915) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. SEX MORALS AND THE LAW IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND BABYLON. JAMEs BuoNsoN REYNoLDS.' EGYPT. Present knowledge of the criminal law of ancient Egypt relating to sex morals is fragmentary and incomplete in spite of the fact that considerable light has been thrown upon the subject by recent excava- tions and scholarship. We have not yet, however, sufficient data to de- termine the character or moral value of Egyptian law, or of its in- fluence on the Medeterranean world. Egyptian law was, however, elaborately and carefully expanded during the flourishing period of the nation's history.2 Twenty thousand volumes are said to have been written on the Divine law of Hermes, the traditional law-giver of Egypt, whose position is similar to that of Manu in relation to the laws of India. And while it is impossible to trace the direct influence of Egyptian law on the laws of later nations, its indirect influence upon the founders of Grecian law is established beyond ques- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Antigua and Barbuda an Annotated Critical Bibliography
    Antigua and Barbuda an annotated critical bibliography by Riva Berleant-Schiller and Susan Lowes, with Milton Benjamin Volume 182 of the World Bibliographical Series 1995 Clio Press ABC Clio, Ltd. (Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado) Abstract: Antigua and Barbuda, two islands of Leeward Island group in the eastern Caribbean, together make up a single independent state. The union is an uneasy one, for their relationship has always been ambiguous and their differences in history and economy greater than their similarities. Barbuda was forced unwillingly into the union and it is fair to say that Barbudan fears of subordination and exploitation under an Antiguan central government have been realized. Barbuda is a flat, dry limestone island. Its economy was never dominated by plantation agriculture. Instead, its inhabitants raised food and livestock for their own use and for provisioning the Antigua plantations of the island's lessees, the Codrington family. After the end of slavery, Barbudans resisted attempts to introduce commercial agriculture and stock-rearing on the island. They maintained a subsistence and small cash economy based on shifting cultivation, fishing, livestock, and charcoal-making, and carried it out under a commons system that gave equal rights to land to all Barbudans. Antigua, by contrast, was dominated by a sugar plantation economy that persisted after slave emancipation into the twentieth century. Its economy and goals are now shaped by the kind of high-impact tourism development that includes gambling casinos and luxury hotels. The Antiguan government values Barbuda primarily for its sparsely populated lands and comparatively empty beaches. This bibliography is the only comprehensive reference book available for locating information about Antigua and Barbuda.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech Sound Programme for 'K' / 'C' at the Start of Words
    Speech Sound Programme for ‘k’ / ‘c’ at the start of words This programme is for children who are producing a ‘t’ sound in place of a ‘k’ / ‘c’ sound at the start of words. For example, ‘cat’ is produced ‘tat’ and ‘cup’ is produced ‘tup’. ‘k’ is the target sound. ‘t’ is the produced sound. Below are a set of stages to work through with the child. Start with Stage 1 and only move up to the next stage when you are confident that the child has achieved the current stage. It is recommended that the programme is carried out for 15 minutes three times a week. If you would like any advice or you feel that the child is not making progress, please contact the Speech and Language Therapy team on 0151 514 2334. Stage 1 - Listening for the target sound 1. See ‘Picture Set 1’ for sound cue pictures that represent the target sound ‘k’ and the produced sound ‘t’. 2. Place the two pictures (‘k’ and ‘t’) in front of the child. 3. Teach the child the sounds, not the letter names, e.g., say ‘k’ and not ‘k-uh’. 4. Say the two sounds at random and ask the child to point or place a counter on which sound they hear. 5. Repeat this activity a number of times until you are sure the child can consistently hear the difference between the two sounds. Stage 2 - Sorting pictures by their first sound. 1. Now that the child can hear the difference between the two sounds (‘k’ and ‘t’) on their own, try the same with words.
    [Show full text]
  • The Freshwater Ichthyofauna of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea!
    Pacific Science (1999), vol. 53, no. 4: 346-356 © 1999 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved The Freshwater Ichthyofauna of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea! J. H. POWELL AND R. E. POWELL2 ABSTRACT: Tailings disposal from the Bougainville Copper Limited open-cut porphyry copper mine on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea (1972-1989) impacted the ichthyofauna of the Jaba River, one of the largest rivers on the island. To assess the 'extent of this impact, comparative freshwater ichthyologi­ cal surveys were conducted in five rivers on the island during the period 1975­ 1988. Fifty-eight fish species were recorded, including one introduction, Oreo­ chromis mossambicus. The icthyofauna is dominated by euryhaline marine spe­ cies consistent with that of the Australian region, but more depauperate. There are more than 100 species present on mainland New Guinea that are absent from Bougainville streams. Oreochromis mossambicus was the most abundant species in the sampled streams, accounting for 45% of the catch. The most abundant native fishes were the mainly small Gobiidae and Eleotridae. There were few native fish of potential value as food and these were restricted to an eleotrid gudgeon (Ophieleotris aporos), tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides), eel (An­ guilla marmorata), and snappers (Lutjanus argentimaculatus and Lutjanus fus­ cescens). Fish production in the rivers is limited by the morphology of the streams and the depauperate ichthyofauna. Fish yield from the Jaba River in its premining state is estimated to have ranged from 7 to 12 t/yr. The popula­ tion living in the Jaba ,catchment in 1988 (approximately 4,600 persons) shared this resource, resulting in an extremely low per-capita fish consumption rate of less than 3 kg/yr.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Risk of Stroke in Dialysis Patients: a Retrospective Analysis Over the Last 40 Years
    toxins Article Changes in the Risk of Stroke in Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis over the Last 40 Years Toshiya Aono 1,†, Yuki Shinya 1,2,*,† , Satoru Miyawaki 2 , Takehiro Sugiyama 3,4, Isao Kumagai 5, Atsumi Takenobu 1, Masahiro Shin 2 , Nobuhito Saito 2 and Akira Teraoka 1 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Teraoka Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima 729-3103, Japan; [email protected] (T.A.); [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (A.T.) 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (N.S.) 3 Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; [email protected] 4 Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan 5 Department of Nephrology, Teraoka Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima 729-3103, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-3-5800-8853 † These two authors have contributed equally to this study and are thus co-first authors. Abstract: The stroke incidence in hemodialysis (HD) patients is high, but the associated factors remain largely unknown. This study aimed to analyze stroke incidence in HD patients and changes in risk factors. Data of 291 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative stroke incidences were 21.6% at 10 years and 31.5% at 20. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) significantly increased overall stroke (hazard ratio (HR), 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–4.12; p = 0.001) and ischemic p stroke (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.00–4.64; = 0.049).
    [Show full text]
  • Were German Colonies Profitable?
    Were German colonies profitable? Marco Cokić BSc Economics 3rd year University College London Explore Econ Undergraduate Research Conference February 2020 Introduction In the era of colonialization, several, mainly European, powers tried to conquer areas very far away from their mainland, thereby creating multicontinental empires. One of these European powers was the German Empire which entered the game for colonies in the 1880s and was forced to leave it after World War I. Still, these involvements had a significant impact on several aspects of the German Empire. This essay discusses the question if the colonial policy of the German Empire until 1914 was an economic success. The reason for this approach is twofold. Firstly, economics can be seen as one of the main motivations of colonial policy (Blackbourn, 2003). Hence, looking at the economic results of this undertaking as a measure of success seems reasonable. Secondly, economic development can be measured relatively accurately and is a good proxy for defining success of the German colonial policy. Therefore, economic data will be used and tested against the economic hopes of advocates of colonialism during that period. The essay is split up into three main parts. In the first part, the historical background behind German colonialization and the colonies is introduced. After a brief explanation of the empirical strategy for this paper, data will be used to show if the German hopes were fulfilled. Theoretical background The German economy of the 1880s and German aims in the colonies In the 1880s, Germany was an economic leader. Several branches such as the chemical industry were worldwide leaders in their sectors and economic growth was, compared to other countries, very high (Tilly, 2010).
    [Show full text]