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World Justice Project ® Rule of Index 2020 The Rule The World Justice Project of Law Index® 2020

The World Justice Project (WJP) Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, report was prepared by the World Justice Project. Kamel Ayadi, William C. Hubbard, Hassan Bubacar The Index’s and Jallow, Suet-Fern Lee, Mondli Makhanya, Margaret were developed by Juan Carlos Botero, Mark David McKeown, William H. Neukom, John Nery, Ellen Agrast, and Alejandro Ponce. Data collection and Gracie Northfleet, James R. Silkenat and . analysis for the 2020 report was performed by Lindsey Bock, Erin Campbell, Alicia Evangelides, Emma Frerichs, Directors Emeritus: President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai Joshua Fuller, Amy Gryskiewicz, Camilo Gutiérrez Patiño, Matthew Harman, Alexa Hopkins, Ayyub Officers: Mark D. Agrast, Vice President; Deborah Ibrahim, Sarah Chamness Long, Rachel L. Martin, Jorge Enix-Ross, Vice President; Nancy , Vice A. Morales, Alejandro Ponce, Natalia Rodríguez President; William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Cajamarca, Leslie Solís Saravia, Rebecca Silvas, and Board; Gerold W. Libby, General and Adriana Stephan, with the assistance of Claudia Secretary; William H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Bobadilla, Gabriel Hearn-Desautels, Maura McCrary, James R. Silkenat, Director and Treasurer. Emma Poplack, and Francesca Tinucci. The report was produced under the direction of Elizabeth Executive Director: Elizabeth Andersen Andersen. Chief Research Officer: Alejandro Ponce Lead graphic designer for this report was Priyanka Khosla, with assistance from Courtney Babcock. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report was made possible by the generous supporters of the work of the Lead website designer was Pitch Interactive, with World Justice Project listed in this report on page 203. assistance from Priyanka Khosla, Matthew Harman, Courtney Babcock, and Rebecca Silvas. © 2020 by the World Justice Project. The WJP Rule of Law Index and the World Justice Project ISBN (print version): 978-1-951330-34-7 Rule of Law Index are trademarks of the World Justice ISBN (online version): 978-1-951330-35-4 Project. All Reserved. Requests to reproduce this should be sent to:

WJP Rule of Law Index Permissions World Justice Project 1025 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 1200 Washington, DC 20005 USA

E-mail: [email protected] Subject line: WJP Rule of Law Index Permissions World Justice Project Rule of Law Index® 2020

Section One About the WJP Rule of Law Index

01 05 Introduction 06 Overview of Scores and Rankings 08 Features of the WJP Rule of Law Index 09 Defining the Rule of Law 11 Conceptual Framework of the WJP Rule of Law Index 12 Indicators of the WJP Rule of Law Index

Section Two 02 Scores and Rankings 16 Rule of Law Around the World 18 Rule of Law by Region 20 Rule of Law by Income 22 Rule of Law by Factor

Section Three 03 Country Profiles 32 How to Read the Country Profiles

Section Four Behind the Numbers

04 162 Methodology 169 Contributing 201 Acknowledgements 202 About the World Justice Project The WJP Rule of Law Index is the world’s leading source for original, independent data on the rule of law. Introduction

The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law The scores and rankings in the WJP Rule of Index® 2020 is the latest report in an annual Law Index 2020 are derived from more than series measuring the rule of law based on the 130,000 surveys and 4,000 legal experiences and perceptions of the general practitioner and surveys worldwide. public and in-country legal practitioners and The Index is the world’s most comprehensive experts worldwide. dataset of its kind and the only to rely principally on primary data. Strengthening the rule of law is a major goal of citizens, governments, donors, The Index is intended for a broad audience businesses, and civil organizations that includes makers, around the world. To be effective, rule of organizations, academics, citizens, and legal law development requires clarity about the professionals, among others. It is our hope fundamental features that define the rule that this diagnostic tool will help identify of law, as well as an adequate basis for its strengths and weaknesses and encourage evaluation and measurement. policy choices, guide program development, and inform research to strengthen the rule The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 presents a of law within and across these countries and portrait of the rule of law in 128 countries . and jurisdictions by providing scores and rankings based on eight factors: Constraints on Government Powers, Absence of Corruption, Open Government, Fundamental Rights, Order and Security, Regulatory Enforcement, Civil Justice, and .

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 5 Overview of Scores and Rankings

The table below shows the overall scores and rankings of the WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 in alphabetical order. Scores range from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating the strongest adherence to the rule of law.

Global Global Overall Score Global Rank Overall Score Global Rank Country/ Score* Change* Rank Change† Country/Jurisdiction Score* Change* Rank Change†

Afghanistan 0.36 0.02 122 3 Ecuador 0.49 0.01 86 3 Albania 0.50 -0.01 78 4 Egypt 0.36 0.00 125 2 Algeria 0.49 -0.01 83 8 El Salvador 0.49 0.02 84 2 Angola 0.43 0.01 110 4 0.81 0.00 10 0 Antigua and Barbuda 0.63 0.00 34 1 Ethiopia 0.41 0.02 114 6 Argentina 0.58 0.00 48 2 0.87 0.00 3 0 0.80 0.00 11 0 0.73 -0.01 20 3 0.82 -0.01 8 1 The Gambia 0.50 - 74 - The Bahamas 0.61 -0.01 41 2 Georgia 0.60 -0.01 42 1 Bangladesh 0.41 -0.01 115 2 0.84 0.00 6 0 0.65 0.00 29 0 Ghana 0.57 -0.01 51 3 Belarus 0.51 0.00 68 1 Greece 0.61 -0.01 40 4 0.79 0.00 14 0 Grenada 0.59 -0.01 44 1 Belize 0.48 0.00 89 1 Guatemala 0.45 -0.01 101 3 Benin 0.50 0.00 81 0 Guinea 0.42 -0.02 111 4 Bolivia 0.38 0.00 121 0 Guyana 0.50 0.00 73 3 Bosnia and Honduras 0.40 0.00 116 1 0.52 -0.01 64 2 Herzegovina SAR, 0.76 0.00 16 0 Botswana 0.60 0.01 43 1 Hungary 0.53 -0.01 60 2 Brazil 0.52 -0.02 67 7 India 0.51 0.00 69 0 Bulgaria 0.55 0.00 53 1 Indonesia 0.53 0.01 59 4 Burkina Faso 0.51 0.00 70 1 0.43 -0.02 109 3 0.33 0.00 127 0 Italy 0.66 0.00 27 1 Cameroon 0.36 -0.02 124 2 Jamaica 0.57 0.00 49 1 0.81 0.00 9 0 0.78 0.00 15 0 Chile 0.67 -0.01 26 1 Jordan 0.57 0.00 50 1 China 0.48 -0.01 88 4 0.52 0.00 62 4 0.50 0.00 77 5 Kenya 0.45 0.00 102 3 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.34 0.01 126 0 Kosovo 0.54 - 54 - Costa Rica 0.68 0.00 25 1 Kyrgyz 0.48 0.01 87 0 Cote d'Ivoire 0.46 0.00 95 0 Lebanon 0.45 -0.02 96 4 Croatia 0.61 0.01 39 3 Liberia 0.45 -0.01 98 1 0.73 0.00 18 1 Madagascar 0.44 0.01 105 4 0.90 0.00 1 0 Malawi 0.52 0.00 65 3 Dominica 0.58 0.00 46 1 Malaysia 0.58 0.03 47 4 Dominican Republic 0.48 0.01 90 7 Mali 0.44 -0.01 106 2

*Scores and change in scores are rounded to two decimal places. †The change in rankings was calculated by comparing the positions of the 126 countries and jurisdictions measured in the 2019 Index with the rankings of the same 126 countries and jurisdictions in 2020, exclusive of the two new additions to the 2020 Index. The two new countries and jurisdictions added to the Index are: Kosovo and The Gambia.

6 The country scores and rankings for the WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 are derived from more than 130,000 household surveys and 4,000 expert surveys in 128 countries and jurisdictions.

Global Global Overall Score Global Rank Overall Score Global Rank Country/Jurisdiction Score* Change* Rank Change† Country/Jurisdiction Score* Change* Rank Change†

Mauritania 0.36 0.01 123 1 St. Lucia 0.62 0.00 36 2 Mauritius 0.61 0.00 38 1 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.64 0.02 31 4 Mexico 0.44 -0.01 104 3 Suriname 0.50 -0.01 76 5 Moldova 0.50 0.01 82 3 0.86 0.00 4 0 Mongolia 0.53 -0.01 57 3 Tanzania 0.47 0.00 93 0 Morocco 0.50 0.00 79 3 Thailand 0.51 0.00 71 6 Mozambique 0.41 -0.01 113 2 Togo 0.45 0.00 99 3 Myanmar 0.42 0.00 112 0 Trinidad and Tobago 0.54 0.00 55 1 Namibia 0.63 0.00 35 1 Tunisia 0.54 0.00 56 3 Nepal 0.53 0.00 61 0 Turkey 0.43 0.00 107 3 0.84 0.00 5 0 Uganda 0.40 -0.01 117 2 0.83 0.00 7 1 0.51 0.00 72 6 Nicaragua 0.39 -0.01 118 2 United Arab Niger 0.45 0.00 103 0 0.65 0.00 30 2 Emirates Nigeria 0.43 0.00 108 0 0.79 -0.01 13 1 North Macedonia 0.53 -0.01 58 1 United States 0.72 0.00 21 1 0.89 0.00 2 0 Uruguay 0.71 0.00 22 1 Pakistan 0.39 0.00 120 1 Uzbekistan 0.47 0.01 92 4 Panama 0.52 0.00 63 2 , RB 0.27 -0.01 128 0 Peru 0.50 -0.01 80 7 Vietnam 0.49 0.00 85 2 Philippines 0.47 0.00 91 0 Zambia 0.45 -0.01 97 3 Poland 0.66 -0.01 28 1 0.39 -0.01 119 1 Portugal 0.70 -0.01 23 1 Republic of Korea 0.73 0.00 17 1 Romania 0.63 -0.01 32 1 Russian Federation 0.47 -0.01 94 4 Rwanda 0.62 0.01 37 3 Senegal 0.55 0.00 52 0 Serbia 0.50 0.00 75 5 Sierra Leone 0.45 0.00 100 0 0.79 -0.01 12 1 Slovenia 0.69 0.01 24 2 South Africa 0.59 0.01 45 2 0.73 0.01 19 2 Sri Lanka 0.52 0.00 66 2 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.63 -0.01 33 3

*Scores and change in scores are rounded to two decimal places. †The change in rankings was calculated by comparing the positions of the 126 countries and jurisdictions measured in the 2019 Index with the rankings of the same 126 countries and jurisdictions in 2020, exclusive of the two new additions to the 2020 Index. The two new countries and jurisdictions added to the Index are: Kosovo and The Gambia.

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 7 Features of the WJP Rule of Law Index The World Justice Project (WJP) developed the WJP Rule of Law Index to serve as a quantitative tool for measuring the rule of law in practice. The Index’s methodology and comprehensive definition of the rule of law are the products of intensive consultation and vetting with academics, practitioners, and community leaders from more than 100 countries and jurisdictions and 17 professional disciplines.

The scores and rankings of the eight factors and 44 sub-factors New Data Anchored in Actual Experiences of the Index draw from two sources of data collected by the WJP: The Index is the only comprehensive of indicators on the rule of law that is based on primary data. The Index’s scores are 1. A General Population Poll (GPP) conducted by leading local built from the assessments of residents (1,000 respondents per polling , using a representative sample of 1,0001 country or jurisdiction) and local legal practitioners and experts, respondents in each country and jurisdiction; which ensure that the findings reflect the conditions experienced by actual people, including residents from marginalized sectors 2. Qualified Respondents’ Questionnaires (QRQs) consisting of society. of closed-ended questions completed by in-country legal practitioners, experts, and academics with expertise in civil Culturally Competent and ; , civil , and The Index has been designed to be applied in countries and ; labor law; and .2 jurisdictions with vastly different social, cultural, economic, and political . No society has ever attained—let alone Taken together, these two data sources provide current, original sustained—a perfect realization of the rule of law. Every country reflecting the experiences and perceptions of the faces the perpetual challenge of building and renewing the general public and in-country legal practitioners and experts in structures, , and norms that can support and sustain a 128 countries and jurisdictions worldwide. rule of law .

Rule of Law in Practice Country-Specific Data and Online Tools The Index measures adherence to the rule of law by looking at In addition to this written report, an interactive online platform policy outcomes, such as whether people have access to for country-specificWJP Rule of Law Index data is available at: or whether is effectively controlled. This stands in contrast worldjusticeproject.org. The interactive data site invites to efforts that focus on the written , or the institutional viewers to browse each of the 128 country and jurisdiction means by which a society may seek to achieve these policy profiles and explore overall and factor scores. outcomes.

Comprehensive and Multi-Dimensional While other indices particular aspects of the rule of law, such as absence of corruption or rights, they do not yield a full picture of the of the rule of law. The WJP Rule of Law Index is the only global instrument that looks at the rule of law comprehensively.

Perspective of Ordinary People The WJP Rule of Law Index puts people at its core. It looks at a country’s adherence to the rule of law from the perspective of ordinary and their experiences with the rule of law in their . The Index examines practical, everyday situations, such as whether people can access public services and whether a dispute among neighbors can be resolved peacefully and cost-effectively by an independent adjudicator.

1 Due to small populations or obstacles to data collection in certain countries and jurisdictions, the sampling plan was adjusted in some cases. One adjustment was to decrease the sample size. For more information on specific countries and jurisdictions and sample sizes, see pages 166-168.

2 Please see the “Methodology” section on page 162 of this report for more detailed information regarding data collection and score computation.

8 Defining the Rule of Law Effective rule of law reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and protects people from large and small. It is the for communities of justice, opportunity, and —underpinning development, accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights. Traditionally, the rule of law has been viewed as the domain of and . But everyday issues of safety, rights, justice, and affect us all; everyone is a stakeholder in the rule of law.

Despite its profound importance for fair and functioning The rule of law affects all of us in our everyday lives. Although we societies, the rule of law is notoriously difficult to define and may not be aware of it, the rule of law is profoundly important— measure. A simple way of approaching it is to examine a set of and not just for lawyers or judges. Every sector of society is a outcomes that the rule of law brings to societies, each of which stakeholder in the rule of law. Below are a few examples: reflects one aspect of the complex concept of the rule of law. The WJP Rule of Law Index seeks to embody these outcomes within a Business Environment simple and coherent framework. Imagine an investor seeking to commit resources abroad. She would probably think twice before investing in a country The WJP Rule of Law Index captures adherence to the rule of where corruption is rampant, rights are ill-defined, law as defined by the WJP’s universal (see following and are difficult to enforce. Uneven enforcement page) through a comprehensive and multi-dimensional set of of , corruption, insecure property rights, and outcome indicators, each of which reflects a particular aspect of ineffective means to settle disputes undermine legitimate this complex concept. The theoretical framework linking these business and deter both domestic and foreign investment. outcome indicators draws upon two main principles pertaining to the relationship between the state and the governed. Public Works Consider the bridges, roads, or runways we traverse daily—or The first measures whether imposes limits the offices and buildings in which we live, work, and play. What on the exercise of power by the state and its agents, as well would happen if building codes governing design and safety as individuals and private entities. This is measured in factors were not enforced or government officials and contractors one, two, three, and four of the Index. The second principle used low-quality materials in order to pocket the surplus? Weak measures whether the state limits the actions of members of regulatory enforcement and corruption decrease the security society and fulfills its basic toward its population so that of physical and scarce resources, which are the public interest is served, people are protected from , essential to a thriving economy. and all members of society have access to dispute settlement and grievance mechanisms. This is measured in factors five, Public Health and Environment six, seven, and eight of the Index. Although broad in scope, this Consider the implications of , wildlife , and framework assumes very little about the functions of the state, deforestation for public health and the environment. What and when it does, it incorporates functions that are recognized would happen if a were pouring harmful chemicals by practically all societies, such as the provision of justice or the into a river in a highly populated area and the environmental guarantee of order and security. inspector ignored these actions in exchange for a bribe? Adherence to the rule of law is essential to holding governments, The resulting set of indicators is also an effort to strike a balance businesses, civil society organizations, and communities between what scholars call a “thin” or minimalist conception accountable for protecting public health and the environment. of the rule of law that focuses on formal, procedural rules, and a “thick” conception that includes substantive characteristics, such as self-governance and various fundamental rights and freedoms. Striking this balance between “thin” and “thick” conceptions of the rule of law enables the Index to apply to different types of social and political systems, including those that lack many of the features that characterize democratic , while including sufficient substantive characteristics to render the rule of law as more than a of rules. The Index recognizes that a system of law that fails to respect core guaranteed under is at best “rule by law” and does not deserve to be called a rule of law system.

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 9 The Four Universal Principles of the Rule of Law The World Justice Project defines the rule of law as a durable system of , institutions, norms, and community commitment that delivers:

Universal Principle One The government as well as private actors are Accountability accountable under the law.

The laws are clear, publicized, and stable; are Universal Principle Two applied evenly; and protect fundamental rights, Just Laws including the security of and , property, and human rights.

Universal Principle Three The processes by which the laws are Open Government enacted, administered, and enforced are accessible, fair, and efficient.

Universal Principle Four Justice is delivered timely by competent, ethical, and Accessible and Impartial independent representatives and neutrals who are accessible, have adequate resources, and reflect the makeup of the communities they serve.

The four universal principles are further developed in the following eight factors of the annual WJP Rule of Law Index: Constraints on Government Powers, Absence of Corruption, Open Government, Fundamental Rights, Order and Security, Regulatory Enforcement, Civil Justice, and Criminal Justice.

10 Conceptual Framework of the WJP Rule of Law Index The conceptual framework of the WJP Rule of Law Index is comprised of eight factors further disaggregated into 44 sub-factors. These factors and sub-factors are presented below and described in detail in the section that follows.

Factor One 1.1 Government powers are effectively limited by the Constraints on 1.2 Government powers are effectively limited by the 1.3 Government powers are effectively limited by independent auditing and review Government 1.4 Government officials are sanctioned for misconduct Powers 1.5 Government powers are subject to non-governmental checks 1.6 Transition of power is subject to the law

Factor Two 2.1 Government officials in the executive branch do not use public office for private gain Absence of 2.2 Government officials in the judicial branch do not use public office for private gain Corruption 2.3 Government officials in the and the do not use public office for private gain 2.4 Government officials in the legislative branch do not use public office for private gain

Factor Three 3.1 Publicized laws and government data Open 3.2 Right to information Government 3.3 Civic participation 3.4 Complaint mechanisms

4.1 Equal treatment and absence of discrimination 4.2 The right to life and security of the is effectively guaranteed Factor Four 4.3 of the law and rights of the accused Fundamental 4.4 Freedom of opinion and expression is effectively guaranteed Rights 4.5 Freedom of and is effectively guaranteed 4.6 Freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy is effectively guaranteed 4.7 Freedom of assembly and association is effectively guaranteed 4.8 Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed

Factor Five 5.1 Crime is effectively controlled Order and 5.2 Civil conflict is effectively limited Security 5.3 People do not resort to violence to redress personal grievances

6.1 Government regulations are effectively enforced Factor Six 6.2 Government regulations are applied and enforced without improper influence Regulatory 6.3 Administrative proceedings are conducted without unreasonable delay Enforcement 6.4 Due process is respected in administrative proceedings 6.5 The government does not expropriate without lawful process and adequate compensation

7.1 People can access and afford civil justice Factor Seven 7.2 Civil justice is free of discrimination 7.3 Civil justice is free of corruption Civil 7.4 Civil justice is free of improper government influence Justice 7.5 Civil justice is not subject to unreasonable delay 7.6 Civil justice is effectively enforced 7.7 Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are accessible, impartial, and effective

8.1 Criminal investigation system is effective Factor Eight 8.2 Criminal system is timely and effective 8.3 Correctional system is effective in reducing criminal behavior Criminal 8.4 Criminal justice system is impartial Justice 8.5 Criminal justice system is free of corruption 8.6 Criminal justice system is free of improper government influence 8.7 Due process of the law and rights of the accused

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 11 Informal Justice and the Rule of Law The conceptual framework of the Index includes a ninth factor on informal justice that is not included in the Index’s aggregate scores and rankings. Informal justice systems often play a large role in countries where formal legal institutions are weak, remote, or perceived as ineffective. For this , the WJP has devoted significant effort to collecting data on informal justice through our surveys. Nonetheless, the complexities of these systems and the difficulties of systematically measuring their fairness and effectiveness make cross-country assessments extraordinarily challenging.

Factor 9: Informal Justice 9.1 Informal justice is timely and effective 9.2 Informal justice is impartial and free of improper influence 9.3 Informal justice respects and protects fundamental rights

Indicators of the WJP Rule of Law Index

Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers Factor 2: Absence of Corruption

1.1 Government powers are effectively limited by the legislature 2.1 Government officials in the executive branch do not use public Measures whether legislative bodies have the ability in office for private gain practice to exercise effective checks on and oversight of the Measures the prevalence of , informal payments, government. and other inducements in the delivery of public services and the enforcement of regulations. It also measures whether 1.2 Government powers are effectively limited by the judiciary government procurement and public works contracts are Measures whether the judiciary has the independence and awarded through an open and competitive bidding process, and the ability in practice to exercise effective checks on the whether government officials at various levels of the executive government. branch refrain from embezzling public funds.

1.3 Government powers are effectively limited by independent 2.2 Government officials in the judicial branch do not use public auditing and review office for private gain Measures whether comptrollers or auditors, as well as Measures whether judges and judicial officials refrain from national human rights ombudsman agencies, have sufficient soliciting and accepting bribes to perform duties or expedite independence and the ability to exercise effective checks on processes, and whether the judiciary and judicial rulings and oversight of the government. are free of improper influence by the government, private interests, and criminal organizations. 1.4 Government officials are sanctioned for misconduct Measures whether government officials in the executive, 2.3 Government officials in the police and the military do not use legislature, judiciary, and the police are investigated, public office for private gain prosecuted, and punished for official misconduct and other Measures whether police officers and criminal investigators violations. refrain from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform basic police services or to investigate , and whether 1.5 Government powers are subject to non-governmental checks government officials in the police and the military are Measures whether an independent media, civil society free of improper influence by private interests or criminal organizations, political parties, and individuals are free to organizations. report and comment on government without fear of retaliation. 2.4 Government officials in the legislative branch do not use public office for private gain 1.6 Transition of power is subject to the law Measures whether members of the legislature refrain from Measures whether government officials are elected or soliciting or accepting bribes or other inducements in exchange appointed in accordance with the rules and procedures set for political favors or favorable votes on . forth in the . Where elections take place, it also measures the integrity of the electoral process, including access to the ballot, the absence of intimidation, and public scrutiny of election results.

12 Factor 3: Open Government

3.1 Publicized laws and government data 4.4 Freedom of opinion and expression is effectively guaranteed Measures whether basic laws and information on legal rights Measures whether an independent media, civil society are publicly available, presented in plain language, and made organizations, political parties, and individuals are free to accessible in all languages. It also measures the quality and report and comment on government policies without fear of accessibility of information published by the government in retaliation. print or online, and whether administrative regulations, drafts of legislation, and high decisions are made accessible to 4.5 Freedom of belief and religion is effectively guaranteed the public in a timely manner. Measures whether members of religious minorities can worship and conduct religious practices freely and publicly, 3.2 Right to information and whether non-adherents are protected from having to Measures whether requests for information held by a submit to religious laws. government agency are granted, whether these requests are granted within a reasonable time period, if the information 4.6 Freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy provided is pertinent and complete, and if requests for is effectively guaranteed information are granted at a reasonable cost and without Measures whether the police or other government officials having to pay a bribe. It also measures whether people are conduct physical searches without warrants, or intercept aware of their right to information, and whether relevant electronic communications of private individuals without records are accessible to the public upon request. judicial authorization.

3.3 Civic participation 4.7 Freedom of assembly and association is effectively guaranteed Measures the effectiveness of civic participation mechanisms, Measures whether people can freely attend community including the protection of the freedoms of opinion and meetings, join political organizations, hold peaceful public expression, assembly and association, and the right to petition demonstrations, sign petitions, and express opinions against the government. It also measures whether people can voice government policies and actions without fear of retaliation. concerns to various government officers, and whether government officials provide sufficient information and notice 4.8 Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed about decisions affecting the community. Measures the effective enforcement of fundamental labor rights, including and the right to 3.4 Complaint mechanisms bargaining, the absence of discrimination with Measures whether people are able to bring specific complaints respect to employment, and freedom from forced labor and to the government about the provision of public services or the labor. performance of government officers in carrying out their legal duties in practice, and how government officials respond to Factor 5: Order and Security such complaints. 5.1 Crime is effectively controlled Measures the prevalence of common crimes, including Factor 4: Fundamental Rights , , burglary and , armed robbery, and , as well as people’s general perceptions of safety in 4.1 Equal treatment and absence of discrimination their communities. Measures whether individuals are free from discrimination— based on socio-economic , gender, ethnicity, religion, 5.2 Civil conflict is effectively limited national origin, , or gender identity—with Measures whether people are effectively protected from respect to public services, employment, court proceedings, armed conflict and terrorism. and the justice system. 5.3 People do not resort to violence to redress personal grievances 4.2 The right to life and security of the person is Measures whether people resort to intimidation or violence effectively guaranteed to resolve civil disputes amongst themselves or to seek Measures whether the police inflict physical harm upon redress from the government, and whether people are free criminal suspects during arrest and interrogation, and from mob violence. whether political dissidents or members of the media are subjected to unreasonable searches, arrest, , , threats, abusive treatment, or violence.

4.3 Due process of the law and rights of the accused Measures whether the basic rights of criminal suspects are respected, including the of innocence and the freedom from arbitrary arrest and unreasonable pre- detention. It also measures whether criminal suspects are able to access and challenge used against them, whether they are subject to abusive treatment, and whether they are provided with adequate legal assistance. In addition, it measures whether the basic rights of are respected once they have been

convicted of a crime. WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 13 Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement 7.6 Civil justice is effectively enforced Measures the effectiveness and timeliness of the enforcement 6.1 Government regulations are effectively enforced of civil justice decisions and judgments in practice. Measures whether government regulations, such as labor, environmental, public health, commercial, and consumer 7.7 Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are protection regulations are effectively enforced. accessible, impartial, and effective Measures whether alternative dispute resolution mechanisms 6.2 Government regulations are applied and enforced without (ADRs) are affordable, efficient, enforceable, and free of improper influence corruption. Measures whether the enforcement of regulations is subject to bribery or improper influence by private interests, and Factor 8: Criminal Justice whether public services, such as the issuance of permits and and the of public health services, are 8.1 Criminal investigation system is effective provided without bribery or other inducements. Measures whether perpetrators of crimes are effectively apprehended and charged. It also measures whether police, 6.3 Administrative proceedings are conducted without investigators, and have adequate resources, are unreasonable delay free of corruption, and perform their duties competently. Measures whether administrative proceedings at the national and local levels are conducted without unreasonable delay. 8.2 Criminal adjudication system is timely and effective Measures whether perpetrators of crimes are effectively 6.4 Due process is respected in administrative proceedings prosecuted and punished. It also measures whether criminal Measures whether the due process of law is respected in judges and other judicial officers are competent and produce administrative proceedings conducted by national and local speedy decisions. in issue areas such as the environment, , and labor. 8.3 Correctional system is effective in reducing criminal behavior Measures whether correctional institutions are secure, respect 6.5 The government does not expropriate without prisoners’ rights, and are effective in preventing . lawful process and adequate compensation Measures whether the government respects the property 8.4 Criminal justice system is impartial rights of people and corporations, refrains from the Measures whether the police and criminal judges are impartial illegal seizure of private property, and provides adequate and whether they discriminate in practice based on socio- compensation when property is legally expropriated. economic status, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity.

Factor 7: Civil Justice 8.5 Criminal justice system is free of corruption Measures whether the police, prosecutors, and judges are free 7.1 People can access and afford civil justice of bribery and improper influence from criminal organizations. Measures the accessibility and affordability of civil courts, including whether people are aware of available remedies; 8.6 Criminal justice system is free of improper government influence can access and afford and representation; and Measures whether the criminal justice system is independent can access the court system without incurring unreasonable from government or political influence. fees, encountering unreasonable procedural hurdles, or experiencing physical or linguistic barriers. 8.7 Due process of the law and rights of the accused Measures whether the basic rights of criminal suspects are 7.2 Civil justice is free of discrimination respected, including the and the Measures whether the civil justice system discriminates in freedom from arbitrary arrest and unreasonable pre-trial practice based on socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, detention. It also measures whether criminal suspects are religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity. able to access and challenge evidence used against them, whether they are subject to abusive treatment, and whether 7.3 Civil justice is free of corruption they are provided with adequate legal assistance. In addition, it Measures whether the civil justice system is free of bribery and measures whether the basic rights of prisoners are respected improper influence by private interests. once they have been convicted of a crime. 7.4 Civil justice is free of improper government influence Measures whether the civil justice system is free of improper government or political influence.

7.5 Civil justice is not subject to unreasonable delay Measures whether civil justice proceedings are conducted and judgments are produced in a timely manner without unreasonable delay.

14 Scores & Rankings Rule of Law Around the World

The table below shows the overall scores and rankings of the WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 by country rank. Scores range from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating the strongest adherence to the rule of law.

Adherence to the rule of law

Weaker Stronger

0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

Overall Global Overall Global Score* Rank Score* Rank

Denmark 0.90 1 Antigua and Barbuda 0.63 34 Norway 0.89 2 Namibia 0.63 35 Finland 0.87 3 St. Lucia 0.62 36 Sweden 0.86 4 Rwanda 0.62 37 Netherlands 0.84 5 Mauritius 0.61 38 Germany 0.84 6 Croatia 0.61 39 New Zealand 0.83 7 Greece 0.61 40 Austria 0.82 8 The Bahamas 0.61 41 Canada 0.81 9 Georgia 0.60 42 Estonia 0.81 10 Botswana 0.60 43 Australia 0.80 11 Grenada 0.59 44 Singapore 0.79 12 South Africa 0.59 45 United Kingdom 0.79 13 Dominica 0.58 46 Belgium 0.79 14 Malaysia 0.58 47 Japan 0.78 15 Argentina 0.58 48 Hong Kong SAR, Jamaica 0.57 49 0.76 16 China Jordan 0.57 50 Overall Global Republic of Korea 0.73 17 Ghana 0.57 51 Score* Rank Czech Republic 0.73 18 Senegal 0.55 52 Belarus 0.51 68 Spain 0.73 19 Bulgaria 0.55 53 India 0.51 69 France 0.73 20 Kosovo 0.54 54 Burkina Faso 0.51 70 United States 0.72 21 Trinidad and Tobago 0.54 55 Thailand 0.51 71 Uruguay 0.71 22 Tunisia 0.54 56 Ukraine 0.51 72 Portugal 0.70 23 Mongolia 0.53 57 Guyana 0.50 73 Slovenia 0.69 24 North Macedonia 0.53 58 The Gambia 0.50 74 Costa Rica 0.68 25 Indonesia 0.53 59 Serbia 0.50 75 Chile 0.67 26 Hungary 0.53 60 Suriname 0.50 76 Italy 0.66 27 Nepal 0.53 61 Colombia 0.50 77 Poland 0.66 28 Kazakhstan 0.52 62 Albania 0.50 78 Barbados 0.65 29 Panama 0.52 63 Morocco 0.50 79 United Arab Emirates 0.65 30 Bosnia and Peru 0.50 80 0.52 64 St. Vincent and the Herzegovina 0.64 31 Benin 0.50 81 Grenadines Malawi 0.52 65 Moldova 0.50 82 Romania 0.63 32 Sri Lanka 0.52 66 Algeria 0.49 83 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.63 33 Brazil 0.52 67 El Salvador 0.49 84

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places.

16 Overall Global Overall Global Overall Global Score* Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank

Vietnam 0.49 85 Guatemala 0.45 101 Uganda 0.40 117 Ecuador 0.49 86 Kenya 0.45 102 Nicaragua 0.39 118 Kyrgyz Republic 0.48 87 Niger 0.45 103 Zimbabwe 0.39 119 China 0.48 88 Mexico 0.44 104 Pakistan 0.39 120 Belize 0.48 89 Madagascar 0.44 105 Bolivia 0.38 121 Dominican Republic 0.48 90 Mali 0.44 106 Afghanistan 0.36 122 Philippines 0.47 91 Turkey 0.43 107 Mauritania 0.36 123 Uzbekistan 0.47 92 Nigeria 0.43 108 Cameroon 0.36 124 Tanzania 0.47 93 Iran 0.43 109 Egypt 0.36 125 Russian Federation 0.47 94 Angola 0.43 110 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.34 126 Cote d'Ivoire 0.46 95 Guinea 0.42 111 Cambodia 0.33 127 Lebanon 0.45 96 Myanmar 0.42 112 Venezuela, RB 0.27 128 Zambia 0.45 97 Mozambique 0.41 113 Liberia 0.45 98 Ethiopia 0.41 114 Togo 0.45 99 Bangladesh 0.41 115 Sierra Leone 0.45 100 Honduras 0.40 116

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places.

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 17 Rule of Law Around the World by Region

East Asia & Pacific Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† New Zealand 1/15 0.83 7 0.00 1 Indonesia 9/15 0.53 59 0.01 4 Australia 2/15 0.80 11 0.00 0 Thailand 10/15 0.51 71 0.00 6 Singapore 3/15 0.79 12 -0.01 1 Vietnam 11/15 0.49 85 0.00 2 Japan 4/15 0.78 15 0.00 0 China 12/15 0.48 88 -0.01 4 Hong Kong SAR, Philippines 13/15 0.47 91 0.00 0 5/15 0.76 16 0.00 0 China Myanmar 14/15 0.42 112 0.00 0 Republic of Korea 6/15 0.73 17 0.00 1 Cambodia 15/15 0.33 127 0.00 0 Malaysia 7/15 0.58 47 0.03 4 Mongolia 8/15 0.53 57 -0.01 3

Eastern Europe & Central Asia Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† Georgia 1/14 0.60 42 -0.01 1 Serbia 8/14 0.50 75 0.00 5 Kosovo 2/14 0.54 54 - Albania 9/14 0.50 78 -0.01 4 North Macedonia 3/14 0.53 58 -0.01 1 Moldova 10/14 0.50 82 0.01 3 Kazakhstan 4/14 0.52 62 0.00 4 Kyrgyz Republic 11/14 0.48 87 0.01 0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5/14 0.52 64 -0.01 2 Uzbekistan 12/14 0.47 92 0.01 4 Belarus 6/14 0.51 68 0.00 1 Russian Federation 13/14 0.47 94 -0.01 4 Ukraine 7/14 0.51 72 0.00 6 Turkey 14/14 0.43 107 0.00 3

Latin America & Caribbean Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† Uruguay 1/30 0.71 22 0.00 1 Brazil 16/30 0.52 67 -0.02 7 Costa Rica 2/30 0.68 25 0.00 1 Guyana 17/30 0.50 73 0.00 3 Chile 3/30 0.67 26 -0.01 1 Suriname 18/30 0.50 76 -0.01 5 Barbados 4/30 0.65 29 0.00 0 Colombia 19/30 0.50 77 0.00 5 St. Vincent and the Peru 20/30 0.50 80 -0.01 7 Grenadines 5/30 0.64 31 0.02 4 El Salvador 21/30 0.49 84 0.02 2 St. Kitts and Nevis 6/30 0.63 33 -0.01 3 Ecuador 22/30 0.49 86 0.01 3 Antigua and Barbuda 7/30 0.63 34 0.00 1 Belize 23/30 0.48 89 0.00 1 St. Lucia 8/30 0.62 36 0.00 2 Dominican Republic 24/30 0.48 90 0.01 7 The Bahamas 9/30 0.61 41 -0.01 2 Guatemala 25/30 0.45 101 -0.01 3 Grenada 10/30 0.59 44 -0.01 1 Mexico 26/30 0.44 104 -0.01 3 Dominica 11/30 0.58 46 0.00 1 Honduras 27/30 0.40 116 0.00 1 Argentina 12/30 0.58 48 0.00 2 Nicaragua 28/30 0.39 118 -0.01 2 Jamaica 13/30 0.57 49 0.00 1 Bolivia 29/30 0.38 121 0.00 0 Trinidad and Tobago 14/30 0.54 55 0.00 1 Venezuela, RB 30/30 0.27 128 -0.01 0 Panama 15/30 0.52 63 0.00 2

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

†The change in rankings was calculated by comparing the positions of the 126 countries and jurisdictions measured in the 2019 Index with the rankings of the same 126 countries and jurisdictions in 2020, exclusive of the two new additions to the 2020 Index. The two new countries and jurisdictions added to the Index are: Kosovo and The Gambia. *Scores and change in scores are rounded to two decimal places

18 EU, EFTA, & NA (European Union, European Free Trade Association, and North America) Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† Denmark 1/24 0.90 1 0.00 0 Spain 13/24 0.73 19 0.01 2 Norway 2/24 0.89 2 0.00 0 France 14/24 0.73 20 -0.01 3 Finland 3/24 0.87 3 0.00 0 United States 15/24 0.72 21 0.00 1 Sweden 4/24 0.86 4 0.00 0 Portugal 16/24 0.70 23 -0.01 1 Netherlands 5/24 0.84 5 0.00 0 Slovenia 17/24 0.69 24 0.01 2 Germany 6/24 0.84 6 0.00 0 Italy 18/24 0.66 27 0.00 1 Austria 7/24 0.82 8 -0.01 1 Poland 19/24 0.66 28 -0.01 1 Canada 8/24 0.81 9 0.00 0 Romania 20/24 0.63 32 -0.01 1 Estonia 9/24 0.81 10 0.00 0 Croatia 21/24 0.61 39 0.01 3 United Kingdom 10/24 0.79 13 -0.01 1 Greece 22/24 0.61 40 -0.01 4 Belgium 11/24 0.79 14 0.00 0 Bulgaria 23/24 0.55 53 0.00 1 Czech Republic 12/24 0.73 18 0.00 1 Hungary 24/24 0.53 60 -0.01 2

Middle East & North Africa Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank†

United Arab Emirates 1/8 0.65 30 0.00 2 Algeria 5/8 0.49 83 -0.01 8 Jordan 2/8 0.57 50 0.00 1 Lebanon 6/8 0.45 96 -0.02 4 Tunisia 3/8 0.54 56 0.00 3 Iran 7/8 0.43 109 -0.02 3 Morocco 4/8 0.50 79 0.00 3 Egypt 8/8 0.36 125 0.00 2

South Asia Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† Nepal 1/6 0.53 61 0.00 0 Bangladesh 4/6 0.41 115 -0.01 2 Sri Lanka 2/6 0.52 66 0.00 2 Pakistan 5/6 0.39 120 0.00 1 India 3/6 0.51 69 0.00 0 Afghanistan 6/6 0.36 122 0.02 3

Sub-Saharan Africa Change in Change Regional Overall Global Overall in Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank Score* Rank† Namibia 1/31 0.63 35 0.00 1 Sierra Leone 17/31 0.45 100 0.00 0 Rwanda 2/31 0.62 37 0.01 3 Kenya 18/31 0.45 102 0.00 3 Mauritius 3/31 0.61 38 0.00 1 Niger 19/31 0.45 103 0.00 0 Botswana 4/31 0.60 43 0.01 1 Madagascar 20/31 0.44 105 0.01 4 South Africa 5/31 0.59 45 0.01 2 Mali 21/31 0.44 106 -0.01 2 Ghana 6/31 0.57 51 -0.01 3 Nigeria 22/31 0.43 108 0.00 0 Senegal 7/31 0.55 52 0.00 0 Angola 23/31 0.43 110 0.01 4 Malawi 8/31 0.52 65 0.00 3 Guinea 24/31 0.42 111 -0.02 4 Burkina Faso 9/31 0.51 70 0.00 1 Mozambique 25/31 0.41 113 -0.01 2 The Gambia 10/31 0.50 74 - Ethiopia 26/31 0.41 114 0.02 6 Benin 11/31 0.50 81 0.00 0 Uganda 27/31 0.40 117 -0.01 2 Tanzania 12/31 0.47 93 0.00 0 Zimbabwe 28/31 0.39 119 -0.01 1 Cote d'Ivoire 13/31 0.46 95 0.00 0 Mauritania 29/31 0.36 123 0.01 1 Zambia 14/31 0.45 97 -0.01 3 Cameroon 30/31 0.36 124 -0.02 2 Liberia 15/31 0.45 98 -0.01 1 Congo, Dem. Rep. 31/31 0.34 126 0.01 0 Togo 16/31 0.45 99 0.00 3

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 19 Rule of Law Around the World by Income

Low Income Low Income Overall Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank

Rwanda 1/19 0.62 37 Niger 11/19 0.45 103 Nepal 2/19 0.53 61 Madagascar 12/19 0.44 105 Malawi 3/19 0.52 65 Mali 13/19 0.44 106 Burkina Faso 4/19 0.51 70 Guinea 14/19 0.42 111 The Gambia 5/19 0.50 74 Mozambique 15/19 0.41 113 Benin 6/19 0.50 81 Ethiopia 16/19 0.41 114 Tanzania 7/19 0.47 93 Uganda 17/19 0.40 117 Liberia 8/19 0.45 98 Afghanistan 18/19 0.36 122 Togo 9/19 0.45 99 Congo, Dem. Rep. 19/19 0.34 126 Sierra Leone 10/19 0.45 100

Lower Middle Income Lower Middle Income Overall Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank

Ghana 1/30 0.57 51 Zambia 16/30 0.45 97 Senegal 2/30 0.55 52 Kenya 17/30 0.45 102 Tunisia 3/30 0.54 56 Nigeria 18/30 0.43 108 Mongolia 4/30 0.53 57 Angola 19/30 0.43 110 Indonesia 5/30 0.53 59 Myanmar 20/30 0.42 112 India 6/30 0.51 69 Bangladesh 21/30 0.41 115 Ukraine 7/30 0.51 72 Honduras 22/30 0.40 116 Morocco 8/30 0.50 79 Nicaragua 23/30 0.39 118 Moldova 9/30 0.50 82 Zimbabwe 24/30 0.39 119 El Salvador 10/30 0.49 84 Pakistan 25/30 0.39 120 Vietnam 11/30 0.49 85 Bolivia 26/30 0.38 121 Kyrgyz Republic 12/30 0.48 87 Mauritania 27/30 0.36 123 Philippines 13/30 0.47 91 Cameroon 28/30 0.36 124 Uzbekistan 14/30 0.47 92 Egypt 29/30 0.36 125 Cote d'Ivoire 15/30 0.46 95 Cambodia 30/30 0.33 127

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

20 Upper Middle Income Upper Middle Income Overall Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank

Costa Rica 1/42 0.68 25 Brazil 22/42 0.52 67 St. Vincent and the Belarus 23/42 0.51 68 2/42 0.64 31 Grenadines Thailand 24/42 0.51 71 Romania 3/42 0.63 32 Guyana 25/42 0.50 73 Namibia 4/42 0.63 35 Serbia 26/42 0.50 75 St. Lucia 5/42 0.62 36 Suriname 27/42 0.50 76 Mauritius 6/42 0.61 38 Colombia 28/42 0.50 77 Georgia 7/42 0.60 42 Albania 29/42 0.50 78 Botswana 8/42 0.60 43 Peru 30/42 0.50 80 Grenada 9/42 0.59 44 Algeria 31/42 0.49 83 South Africa 10/42 0.59 45 Ecuador 32/42 0.49 86 Dominica 11/42 0.58 46 China 33/42 0.48 88 Malaysia 12/42 0.58 47 Belize 34/42 0.48 89 Argentina 13/42 0.58 48 Dominican Republic 35/42 0.48 90 Jamaica 14/42 0.57 49 Russian Federation 36/42 0.47 94 Jordan 15/42 0.57 50 Lebanon 37/42 0.45 96 Bulgaria 16/42 0.55 53 Guatemala 38/42 0.45 101 Kosovo 17/42 0.54 54 Mexico 39/42 0.44 104 North Macedonia 18/42 0.53 58 Turkey 40/42 0.43 107 Kazakhstan 19/42 0.52 62 Iran 41/42 0.43 109 Bosnia and 20/42 0.52 64 Herzegovina Venezuela, RB 42/42 0.27 128 Sri Lanka 21/42 0.52 66

High Income High Income Overall Global Country/Jurisdiction Rank Score* Rank

Denmark 1/37 0.90 1 France 20/37 0.73 20 Norway 2/37 0.89 2 United States 21/37 0.72 21 Finland 3/37 0.87 3 Uruguay 22/37 0.71 22 Sweden 4/37 0.86 4 Portugal 23/37 0.70 23 Netherlands 5/37 0.84 5 Slovenia 24/37 0.69 24 Germany 6/37 0.84 6 Chile 25/37 0.67 26 New Zealand 7/37 0.83 7 Italy 26/37 0.66 27 Austria 8/37 0.82 8 Poland 27/37 0.66 28 Canada 9/37 0.81 9 Barbados 28/37 0.65 29 Estonia 10/37 0.81 10 United Arab Emirates 29/37 0.65 30 Australia 11/37 0.80 11 St. Kitts and Nevis 30/37 0.63 33 Singapore 12/37 0.79 12 Antigua and Barbuda 31/37 0.63 34 United Kingdom 13/37 0.79 13 Croatia 32/37 0.61 39 Belgium 14/37 0.79 14 Greece 33/37 0.61 40 Japan 15/37 0.78 15 The Bahamas 34/37 0.61 41 Hong Kong SAR, Trinidad and Tobago 35/37 0.54 55 16/37 0.76 16 China Hungary 36/37 0.53 60 Republic of Korea 17/37 0.73 17 Panama 37/37 0.52 63 Czech Republic 18/37 0.73 18 Spain 19/37 0.73 19

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 21 Constraints on Government Powers Factor 1 measures the extent to which those who govern are bound by law. It comprises the means, both constitutional and institutional, by which the powers of the government and its officials and agents are limited and held accountable under the law. It also includes non-governmental checks on the government’s power, such as a free and independent press. For a further breakdown of Constraints on Government Powers by sub-factor, please refer to page 12.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Denmark 0.94 1 The Gambia 0.60 44 North Macedonia 0.47 87 Norway 0.94 2 Rwanda 0.60 45 Dominican Republic 0.47 88 Finland 0.92 3 Nepal 0.60 46 Mexico 0.46 89 Sweden 0.87 4 Mauritius 0.60 47 Ukraine 0.46 90 Netherlands 0.86 5 Peru 0.60 48 Bulgaria 0.46 91 Germany 0.85 6 St. Lucia 0.59 49 Moldova 0.46 92 New Zealand 0.85 7 Malaysia 0.58 50 Madagascar 0.46 93 Austria 0.85 8 Poland 0.58 51 Zambia 0.46 94 Canada 0.84 9 Grenada 0.58 52 Vietnam 0.45 95 Estonia 0.83 10 Croatia 0.58 53 Albania 0.45 96 Belgium 0.83 11 Senegal 0.56 54 Bosnia and 0.45 97 Australia 0.82 12 Trinidad and Tobago 0.56 55 Herzegovina United Kingdom 0.82 13 Burkina Faso 0.56 56 Myanmar 0.45 98 Portugal 0.78 14 Malawi 0.56 57 Belize 0.44 99 Costa Rica 0.76 15 Guyana 0.56 58 Afghanistan 0.44 100 Uruguay 0.76 16 United Arab Emirates 0.56 59 Mozambique 0.43 101 Spain 0.74 17 Sri Lanka 0.55 60 Kazakhstan 0.42 102 Czech Republic 0.73 18 Georgia 0.55 61 Angola 0.42 103 France 0.73 19 Panama 0.54 62 Cote d'Ivoire 0.41 104 Chile 0.72 20 Colombia 0.53 63 Uganda 0.40 105 Republic of Korea 0.72 21 Brazil 0.53 64 Niger 0.40 106 United States 0.71 22 Mongolia 0.53 65 Bangladesh 0.40 107 Italy 0.71 23 Dominica 0.53 66 Hungary 0.40 108 Japan 0.71 24 Benin 0.53 67 Guinea 0.39 109 Namibia 0.69 25 Nigeria 0.53 68 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.39 110 Indonesia 0.68 26 Guatemala 0.52 69 Serbia 0.39 111 Greece 0.68 27 Liberia 0.52 70 Ethiopia 0.39 112 Ghana 0.68 28 Kosovo 0.52 71 Cameroon 0.37 113 Singapore 0.67 29 Tanzania 0.51 72 Iran 0.37 114 Slovenia 0.65 30 Sierra Leone 0.51 73 Russian Federation 0.36 115 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.65 31 Morocco 0.51 74 Bolivia 0.36 116 Jamaica 0.64 32 Philippines 0.50 75 Togo 0.36 117 South Africa 0.63 33 Lebanon 0.50 76 Belarus 0.36 118 Barbados 0.63 34 El Salvador 0.50 77 Honduras 0.34 119 Antigua and Barbuda 0.62 35 Kenya 0.49 78 Uzbekistan 0.33 120 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.62 36 Pakistan 0.49 79 Mauritania 0.33 121 St. Vincent and the Jordan 0.49 80 Zimbabwe 0.33 122 0.62 37 Grenadines Suriname 0.48 81 China 0.32 123 Romania 0.62 38 Thailand 0.48 82 Turkey 0.30 124 Botswana 0.62 39 Algeria 0.48 83 Cambodia 0.29 125 Argentina 0.61 40 Kyrgyz Republic 0.48 84 Egypt 0.27 126 India 0.61 41 Ecuador 0.48 85 Nicaragua 0.26 127 Tunisia 0.61 42 Mali 0.47 86 Venezuela, RB 0.17 128 The Bahamas 0.61 43

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

22 Absence of Corruption Factor 2 measures the absence of corruption in government. The factor considers three forms of corruption: bribery, improper influence by public or private interests, and of public funds or other resources. These three forms of corruption are examined with respect to government officers in the executive branch, the judiciary, the military, police, and the legislature. For a further breakdown of Absence of Corruption by sub-factor, please refer to page 12.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Denmark 0.95 1 Croatia 0.58 44 Ecuador 0.42 86 Norway 0.94 2 Greece 0.56 45 Malawi 0.41 87 Singapore 0.91 3 Romania 0.56 46 Nepal 0.41 88 Sweden 0.91 4 Jamaica 0.55 47 Uzbekistan 0.40 89 Finland 0.89 5 Belarus 0.54 48 Niger 0.40 90 Netherlands 0.88 6 Senegal 0.54 49 Egypt 0.40 91 New Zealand 0.87 7 Namibia 0.53 50 Indonesia 0.39 92 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.84 8 China 0.53 51 Ghana 0.39 93 Canada 0.83 9 Argentina 0.52 52 Dominican Republic 0.39 94 United Kingdom 0.82 10 Hungary 0.51 53 Colombia 0.39 95 Germany 0.82 11 Thailand 0.49 54 Benin 0.38 96 Austria 0.82 12 Trinidad and Tobago 0.49 55 Zambia 0.38 97 Japan 0.82 13 Tunisia 0.49 56 El Salvador 0.38 98 Australia 0.82 14 Kazakhstan 0.49 57 Mozambique 0.37 99 Belgium 0.80 15 South Africa 0.48 58 Albania 0.37 100 United Arab Emirates 0.80 16 The Gambia 0.48 59 Lebanon 0.36 101 Estonia 0.79 17 Turkey 0.47 60 Bangladesh 0.36 102 France 0.74 18 Sri Lanka 0.47 61 Cote d'Ivoire 0.36 103 United States 0.74 19 Kosovo 0.46 62 Sierra Leone 0.35 104 Poland 0.73 20 Myanmar 0.46 63 Nicaragua 0.34 105 Spain 0.73 21 Philippines 0.46 64 Moldova 0.34 106 Uruguay 0.73 22 Ethiopia 0.46 65 Mali 0.34 107 Portugal 0.72 23 Guyana 0.46 66 Guatemala 0.34 108 St. Vincent and the Algeria 0.45 67 Nigeria 0.33 109 0.70 24 Grenadines Suriname 0.45 68 Ukraine 0.33 110 Barbados 0.70 25 Brazil 0.45 69 Peru 0.33 111 Chile 0.69 26 North Macedonia 0.44 70 Liberia 0.32 112 Georgia 0.68 27 Bulgaria 0.44 71 Kyrgyz Republic 0.32 113 Republic of Korea 0.67 28 Serbia 0.44 72 Honduras 0.32 114 Slovenia 0.66 29 Morocco 0.44 73 Zimbabwe 0.32 115 Costa Rica 0.66 30 Bosnia and Pakistan 0.31 116 0.44 74 Czech Republic 0.65 31 Herzegovina Venezuela, RB 0.31 117 Grenada 0.65 32 Belize 0.43 75 Afghanistan 0.30 118 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.64 33 Iran 0.43 76 Mauritania 0.29 119 St. Lucia 0.64 34 Russian Federation 0.43 77 Guinea 0.29 120 Italy 0.63 35 Togo 0.43 78 Mexico 0.27 121 Rwanda 0.63 36 Angola 0.43 79 Kenya 0.27 122 The Bahamas 0.63 37 Burkina Faso 0.42 80 Madagascar 0.27 123 Antigua and Barbuda 0.61 38 Tanzania 0.42 81 Bolivia 0.27 124 Jordan 0.60 39 Panama 0.42 82 Uganda 0.26 125 Dominica 0.60 40 Mongolia 0.42 83 Cameroon 0.26 126 Malaysia 0.60 41 Vietnam 0.42 84 Cambodia 0.24 127 Botswana 0.59 42 India 0.42 85 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.16 128 Mauritius 0.59 43

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 23 Open Government Factor 3 measures the openness of government defined by the extent to which a government shares information, empowers people with tools to hold the government accountable, and fosters citizen participation in deliberations. This factor measures whether basic laws and information on legal rights are publicized and evaluates the quality of information published by the government. For a further breakdown of Open Government by sub-factor, please refer to page 13.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Norway 0.89 1 Kosovo 0.56 44 Morocco 0.44 86 Denmark 0.88 2 Trinidad and Tobago 0.56 45 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.44 87 Sweden 0.86 3 Bulgaria 0.56 46 Senegal 0.43 88 Finland 0.86 4 Peru 0.55 47 Malawi 0.43 89 Netherlands 0.82 5 Moldova 0.55 48 Bolivia 0.43 90 New Zealand 0.82 6 Indonesia 0.55 49 Pakistan 0.43 91 Australia 0.81 7 Mauritius 0.54 50 China 0.43 92 Estonia 0.81 8 Kyrgyz Republic 0.54 51 Bangladesh 0.43 93 Canada 0.81 9 El Salvador 0.53 52 Nigeria 0.43 94 Germany 0.79 10 Dominican Republic 0.53 53 Malaysia 0.42 95 United Kingdom 0.79 11 St. Vincent and the Honduras 0.42 96 0.52 54 France 0.78 12 Grenadines Turkey 0.42 97 United States 0.78 13 Philippines 0.52 55 Jordan 0.42 98 Belgium 0.76 14 Antigua and Barbuda 0.52 56 Benin 0.41 99 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.73 15 Barbados 0.52 57 Afghanistan 0.41 100 Uruguay 0.72 16 Nepal 0.52 58 Lebanon 0.40 101 Austria 0.71 17 Sri Lanka 0.51 59 Uganda 0.40 102 Chile 0.71 18 Guatemala 0.51 60 Sierra Leone 0.40 103 Spain 0.71 19 Thailand 0.51 61 Suriname 0.39 104 Republic of Korea 0.71 20 The Bahamas 0.50 62 Tanzania 0.38 105 Costa Rica 0.70 21 Dominica 0.50 63 Zambia 0.38 106 Japan 0.68 22 Ghana 0.50 64 Cote d'Ivoire 0.38 107 Czech Republic 0.67 23 Ecuador 0.50 65 Nicaragua 0.37 108 Portugal 0.66 24 Botswana 0.50 66 Myanmar 0.37 109 Slovenia 0.65 25 St. Lucia 0.49 67 Angola 0.37 110 Singapore 0.64 26 Tunisia 0.49 68 Guinea 0.37 111 Colombia 0.64 27 Russian Federation 0.49 69 Belarus 0.36 112 Argentina 0.64 28 Mongolia 0.49 70 United Arab Emirates 0.36 113 Italy 0.63 29 North Macedonia 0.48 71 The Gambia 0.36 114 South Africa 0.62 30 Kenya 0.48 72 Mozambique 0.35 115 Bosnia and Brazil 0.61 31 0.47 73 Niger 0.35 116 Herzegovina India 0.61 32 Algeria 0.34 117 Burkina Faso 0.47 74 Croatia 0.61 33 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.34 118 Liberia 0.47 75 Greece 0.61 34 Cameroon 0.34 119 Serbia 0.47 76 Romania 0.61 35 Uzbekistan 0.33 120 Albania 0.47 77 Mexico 0.60 36 Ethiopia 0.32 121 Vietnam 0.46 78 Poland 0.60 37 Zimbabwe 0.32 122 Madagascar 0.46 79 Panama 0.59 38 Togo 0.30 123 Hungary 0.46 80 Rwanda 0.58 39 Iran 0.28 124 Kazakhstan 0.46 81 Namibia 0.58 40 Venezuela, RB 0.28 125 Grenada 0.46 82 Georgia 0.57 41 Cambodia 0.27 126 Mali 0.46 83 Ukraine 0.57 42 Mauritania 0.27 127 Guyana 0.45 84 Jamaica 0.56 43 Egypt 0.22 128 Belize 0.45 85

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

24 Fundamental Rights Factor 4 recognizes that a system of that fails to respect core human rights established under international law is at best “rule by law,” and does not deserve to be called a rule of law system. Since there are many other indices that address human rights, and because it would be impossible for the Index to assess adherence to the full range of rights, this factor focuses on a relatively modest menu of rights that are firmly established under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and are most closely related to rule of law concerns. For a further breakdown of Fundamental Rights by sub-factor, please refer to page 13.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Denmark 0.92 1 Grenada 0.63 44 Belize 0.50 87 Norway 0.91 2 Dominica 0.63 45 Lebanon 0.50 88 Finland 0.91 3 Peru 0.62 46 Niger 0.49 89 Sweden 0.87 4 Ghana 0.61 47 Thailand 0.49 90 Germany 0.85 5 Georgia 0.61 48 Jordan 0.48 91 Austria 0.85 6 Ukraine 0.61 49 Madagascar 0.47 92 Netherlands 0.84 7 Bulgaria 0.61 50 Algeria 0.47 93 Belgium 0.84 8 Senegal 0.60 51 Belarus 0.47 94 Canada 0.82 9 Kosovo 0.60 52 Kenya 0.47 95 Estonia 0.82 10 Bosnia and Bolivia 0.46 96 0.59 53 New Zealand 0.81 11 Herzegovina Togo 0.46 97 Australia 0.79 12 Albania 0.59 54 United Arab Emirates 0.46 98 United Kingdom 0.79 13 North Macedonia 0.59 55 Nigeria 0.46 99 Czech Republic 0.79 14 Trinidad and Tobago 0.59 56 Kazakhstan 0.46 100 Costa Rica 0.79 15 Botswana 0.58 57 Vietnam 0.46 101 Spain 0.79 16 Malawi 0.58 58 Cote d'Ivoire 0.45 102 Portugal 0.78 17 Hungary 0.58 59 Morocco 0.45 103 Uruguay 0.78 18 Dominican Republic 0.58 60 Russian Federation 0.44 104 Japan 0.77 19 Mongolia 0.57 61 Tanzania 0.43 105 Slovenia 0.75 20 Serbia 0.57 62 Zambia 0.42 106 France 0.73 21 Tunisia 0.57 63 Philippines 0.41 107 Republic of Korea 0.73 22 Burkina Faso 0.57 64 Afghanistan 0.41 108 Italy 0.73 23 Guyana 0.56 65 Mozambique 0.41 109 Barbados 0.73 24 Suriname 0.55 66 Uzbekistan 0.41 110 Chile 0.72 25 The Gambia 0.55 67 Honduras 0.41 111 United States 0.72 26 Moldova 0.54 68 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.41 112 St. Vincent and the Benin 0.54 69 Mauritania 0.40 113 0.70 27 Grenadines Guatemala 0.54 70 Angola 0.39 114 Romania 0.70 28 Mali 0.54 71 Pakistan 0.38 115 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.70 29 Sri Lanka 0.54 72 Nicaragua 0.37 116 Argentina 0.70 30 El Salvador 0.54 73 Uganda 0.37 117 Antigua and Barbuda 0.70 31 Colombia 0.53 74 Cameroon 0.36 118 Singapore 0.68 32 Liberia 0.52 75 Cambodia 0.35 119 Croatia 0.67 33 Nepal 0.52 76 Ethiopia 0.35 120 Namibia 0.66 34 Ecuador 0.52 77 Zimbabwe 0.34 121 St. Lucia 0.66 35 Mexico 0.52 78 Bangladesh 0.32 122 The Bahamas 0.66 36 Indonesia 0.52 79 Turkey 0.32 123 Greece 0.65 37 Malaysia 0.52 80 Venezuela, RB 0.31 124 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.65 38 Rwanda 0.51 81 Myanmar 0.31 125 Poland 0.64 39 Kyrgyz Republic 0.51 82 China 0.29 126 Jamaica 0.64 40 Brazil 0.51 83 Egypt 0.28 127 South Africa 0.64 41 India 0.51 84 Iran 0.22 128 Panama 0.64 42 Sierra Leone 0.51 85 Mauritius 0.64 43 Guinea 0.50 86

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 25 Order and Security Factor 5 measures how well a society ensures the security of persons and property. Security is one of the defining aspects of any rule of and is a fundamental function of the state. It is also a precondition for the realization of the rights and freedoms that the rule of law seeks to advance. For a further breakdown of Order and Security by sub-factor, please refer to page 13.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Singapore 0.93 1 Vietnam 0.77 44 Chile 0.67 86 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.93 2 Mongolia 0.77 45 Zimbabwe 0.67 87 Denmark 0.93 3 Grenada 0.77 46 Cambodia 0.67 88 Norway 0.93 4 Bosnia and Sierra Leone 0.67 89 0.76 47 Japan 0.92 5 Herzegovina Panama 0.66 90 Sweden 0.92 6 Benin 0.76 48 Russian Federation 0.66 91 United Arab Emirates 0.91 7 Jordan 0.76 49 Lebanon 0.66 92 Finland 0.91 8 Kyrgyz Republic 0.76 50 Honduras 0.66 93 Canada 0.91 9 Mauritius 0.75 51 Myanmar 0.65 94 Austria 0.90 10 Ukraine 0.75 52 Mauritania 0.65 95 Uzbekistan 0.90 11 France 0.75 53 El Salvador 0.65 96 St. Vincent and the Czech Republic 0.90 12 0.75 54 Philippines 0.65 97 Grenadines Hungary 0.89 13 Suriname 0.65 98 The Bahamas 0.75 55 New Zealand 0.89 14 Niger 0.64 99 Italy 0.75 56 Estonia 0.89 15 Brazil 0.64 100 St. Lucia 0.74 57 Slovenia 0.89 16 Ethiopia 0.63 101 Dominica 0.74 58 Germany 0.89 17 Dominican Republic 0.63 102 Algeria 0.74 59 Australia 0.87 18 Bangladesh 0.63 103 Namibia 0.74 60 Poland 0.86 19 Ecuador 0.63 104 Togo 0.73 61 Netherlands 0.85 20 Peru 0.63 105 Nepal 0.73 62 Croatia 0.85 21 Guyana 0.62 106 Iran 0.73 63 Rwanda 0.84 22 Burkina Faso 0.62 107 Guinea 0.72 64 Republic of Korea 0.84 23 Argentina 0.62 108 Ghana 0.72 65 United Kingdom 0.84 24 Jamaica 0.61 109 Greece 0.71 66 Kosovo 0.84 25 South Africa 0.61 110 Thailand 0.71 67 Romania 0.83 26 Liberia 0.61 111 Botswana 0.71 68 Spain 0.82 27 Angola 0.60 112 The Gambia 0.71 69 United States 0.81 28 Uganda 0.59 113 Sri Lanka 0.71 70 Belgium 0.81 29 India 0.59 114 Madagascar 0.70 71 Belarus 0.80 30 Bolivia 0.59 115 Belize 0.70 72 Moldova 0.80 31 Guatemala 0.59 116 Nicaragua 0.70 73 North Macedonia 0.79 32 Kenya 0.58 117 Uruguay 0.69 74 Barbados 0.79 33 Egypt 0.57 118 Zambia 0.69 75 Malaysia 0.79 34 Colombia 0.56 119 Senegal 0.69 76 Georgia 0.79 35 Mozambique 0.55 120 Turkey 0.69 77 Albania 0.79 36 Mexico 0.53 121 Tanzania 0.69 78 Portugal 0.79 37 Mali 0.51 122 Malawi 0.69 79 Antigua and Barbuda 0.78 38 Venezuela, RB 0.48 123 Tunisia 0.68 80 Kazakhstan 0.78 39 Cameroon 0.48 124 Costa Rica 0.68 81 China 0.78 40 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.48 125 Indonesia 0.68 82 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.78 41 Pakistan 0.37 126 Morocco 0.68 83 Serbia 0.77 42 Nigeria 0.35 127 Cote d'Ivoire 0.68 84 Bulgaria 0.77 43 Afghanistan 0.29 128 Trinidad and Tobago 0.68 85

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

26 Regulatory Enforcement Factor 6 measures the extent to which regulations are fairly and effectively implemented and enforced. Regulations, both legal and administrative, structure behaviors within and outside of the government. This factor does not assess which activities a government chooses to regulate, nor does it consider how much of a particular activity is appropriate. Rather, it examines how regulations are implemented and enforced. For a further breakdown of Regulatory Enforcement by sub-factor, please refer to page 14.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Denmark 0.90 1 Senegal 0.57 44 Myanmar 0.46 87 Norway 0.87 2 South Africa 0.56 45 Iran 0.46 88 Singapore 0.87 3 Morocco 0.56 46 Vietnam 0.45 89 Finland 0.86 4 Grenada 0.56 47 Malawi 0.45 90 New Zealand 0.85 5 Croatia 0.56 48 Mexico 0.45 91 Germany 0.85 6 Indonesia 0.55 49 Lebanon 0.45 92 Netherlands 0.85 7 Ghana 0.55 50 Kenya 0.45 93 Sweden 0.84 8 Jamaica 0.54 51 Tanzania 0.44 94 Austria 0.84 9 Tunisia 0.53 52 Kyrgyz Republic 0.44 95 Australia 0.82 10 Bulgaria 0.53 53 Uzbekistan 0.44 96 Canada 0.81 11 Argentina 0.53 54 Kosovo 0.44 97 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.81 12 Dominica 0.53 55 Albania 0.44 98 United Kingdom 0.81 13 Colombia 0.52 56 Nigeria 0.43 99 Belgium 0.80 14 Cote d'Ivoire 0.52 57 Ukraine 0.43 100 Estonia 0.79 15 El Salvador 0.51 58 Moldova 0.43 101 Japan 0.79 16 Trinidad and Tobago 0.51 59 Liberia 0.43 102 France 0.76 17 Brazil 0.51 60 Belize 0.43 103 United Arab Emirates 0.73 18 Panama 0.51 61 Nicaragua 0.43 104 Republic of Korea 0.72 19 Nepal 0.51 62 Zambia 0.43 105 United States 0.71 20 Belarus 0.51 63 Uganda 0.42 106 Czech Republic 0.71 21 The Bahamas 0.51 64 Guatemala 0.42 107 Spain 0.70 22 Kazakhstan 0.51 65 Dominican Republic 0.42 108 Uruguay 0.70 23 Benin 0.50 66 Cameroon 0.42 109 Costa Rica 0.67 24 China 0.49 67 Turkey 0.41 110 Slovenia 0.65 25 Peru 0.49 68 Bangladesh 0.41 111 Chile 0.64 26 Bosnia and Mozambique 0.40 112 0.49 69 Mauritius 0.63 27 Herzegovina Angola 0.40 113 Portugal 0.62 28 Mali 0.49 70 Bolivia 0.40 114 Poland 0.62 29 Togo 0.49 71 Pakistan 0.39 115 Botswana 0.61 30 Ecuador 0.49 72 Ethiopia 0.39 116 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.61 31 Russian Federation 0.49 73 Honduras 0.39 117 Italy 0.61 32 India 0.49 74 The Gambia 0.38 118 Antigua and Barbuda 0.60 33 Philippines 0.48 75 Sierra Leone 0.37 119 Jordan 0.60 34 North Macedonia 0.48 76 Madagascar 0.37 120 Barbados 0.60 35 Serbia 0.48 77 Afghanistan 0.37 121 St. Lucia 0.60 36 Burkina Faso 0.48 78 Guinea 0.37 122 Rwanda 0.59 37 Sri Lanka 0.47 79 Egypt 0.37 123 Namibia 0.58 38 Niger 0.47 80 Zimbabwe 0.36 124 Greece 0.58 39 Suriname 0.47 81 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.35 125 Malaysia 0.57 40 Mongolia 0.47 82 Mauritania 0.28 126 Georgia 0.57 41 Thailand 0.47 83 Cambodia 0.27 127 Romania 0.57 42 Guyana 0.47 84 Venezuela, RB 0.20 128 St. Vincent and the Algeria 0.47 85 0.57 43 Grenadines Hungary 0.47 86

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 27 Civil Justice Factor 7 measures whether ordinary people can resolve their grievances peacefully and effectively through the civil justice system. It measures whether civil justice systems are accessible and affordable as well as free of discrimination, corruption, and improper influence by public officials. It examines whether court proceedings are conducted without unreasonable delays and whether decisions are enforced effectively. It also measures the accessibility, impartiality, and effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. For a further breakdown of Civil Justice by sub-factor, please refer to page 14.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Denmark 0.86 1 Grenada 0.60 44 Albania 0.48 87 Norway 0.85 2 Argentina 0.59 45 Zambia 0.47 88 Netherlands 0.85 3 Ghana 0.59 46 Vietnam 0.46 89 Germany 0.85 4 Greece 0.59 47 Burkina Faso 0.46 90 Sweden 0.82 5 Dominica 0.59 48 Kenya 0.46 91 Singapore 0.82 6 Trinidad and Tobago 0.58 49 Philippines 0.46 92 Finland 0.81 7 The Bahamas 0.57 50 Kosovo 0.46 93 Estonia 0.80 8 Senegal 0.57 51 Mozambique 0.46 94 Japan 0.79 9 Croatia 0.57 52 Indonesia 0.46 95 New Zealand 0.78 10 Algeria 0.56 53 Hungary 0.45 96 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 11 Italy 0.56 54 Dominican Republic 0.45 97 Austria 0.77 12 Malawi 0.56 55 India 0.45 98 Republic of Korea 0.76 13 Bulgaria 0.56 56 Sri Lanka 0.45 99 Australia 0.76 14 North Macedonia 0.55 57 Peru 0.45 100 Belgium 0.76 15 Iran 0.55 58 Zimbabwe 0.45 101 Uruguay 0.74 16 Cote d'Ivoire 0.54 59 Niger 0.45 102 United Kingdom 0.71 17 Morocco 0.54 60 Turkey 0.44 103 France 0.71 18 Ukraine 0.54 61 Angola 0.44 104 Canada 0.70 19 Russian Federation 0.54 62 Sierra Leone 0.44 105 Czech Republic 0.69 20 Brazil 0.54 63 Liberia 0.44 106 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.69 21 China 0.53 64 Madagascar 0.43 107 Portugal 0.68 22 Guyana 0.53 65 Uganda 0.43 108 St. Lucia 0.68 23 El Salvador 0.53 66 Ethiopia 0.42 109 United Arab Emirates 0.68 24 Georgia 0.53 67 Lebanon 0.42 110 Spain 0.67 25 Mongolia 0.53 68 Mali 0.42 111 Namibia 0.67 26 The Gambia 0.52 69 Honduras 0.41 112 Antigua and Barbuda 0.66 27 Jamaica 0.51 70 Benin 0.41 113 Slovenia 0.66 28 Belize 0.51 71 Cameroon 0.41 114 Barbados 0.64 29 Uzbekistan 0.51 72 Guinea 0.41 115 Rwanda 0.64 30 Serbia 0.51 73 Mexico 0.39 116 Mauritius 0.64 31 Tunisia 0.50 74 Egypt 0.39 117 St. Vincent and the Nigeria 0.50 75 Pakistan 0.38 118 0.64 32 Grenadines Tanzania 0.50 76 Bangladesh 0.38 119 Chile 0.63 33 Ecuador 0.49 77 Nicaragua 0.38 120 Poland 0.63 34 Suriname 0.49 78 Guatemala 0.37 121 Malaysia 0.63 35 Colombia 0.49 79 Myanmar 0.37 122 United States 0.62 36 Kyrgyz Republic 0.49 80 Afghanistan 0.37 123 Jordan 0.62 37 Bosnia and Mauritania 0.36 124 0.48 81 Costa Rica 0.62 38 Herzegovina Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.35 125 Romania 0.62 39 Nepal 0.48 82 Bolivia 0.33 126 Kazakhstan 0.62 40 Panama 0.48 83 Venezuela, RB 0.27 127 South Africa 0.61 41 Thailand 0.48 84 Cambodia 0.26 128 Botswana 0.61 42 Togo 0.48 85 Belarus 0.60 43 Moldova 0.48 86

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

28 Criminal Justice Factor 8 evaluates a country’s criminal justice system. An effective criminal justice system is a key aspect of the rule of law, as it constitutes the conventional mechanism to redress grievances and bring action against individuals for offenses against society. An assessment of the delivery of criminal justice should take into the entire system, including the police, lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and officers. For a further breakdown of Criminal Justice by sub-factor, please refer to page 14.

Factor Factor Country/Jurisdiction Score* Rank

Norway 0.83 1 South Africa 0.53 44 Iran 0.37 87 Finland 0.83 2 Suriname 0.52 45 Zimbabwe 0.37 88 Denmark 0.83 3 Georgia 0.52 46 Moldova 0.36 89 Sweden 0.80 4 Croatia 0.51 47 Ukraine 0.36 90 Austria 0.80 5 Grenada 0.50 48 Belize 0.36 91 Singapore 0.79 6 Jamaica 0.50 49 Angola 0.36 92 Germany 0.79 7 Greece 0.50 50 Cote d'Ivoire 0.36 93 Netherlands 0.76 8 Ghana 0.49 51 Togo 0.36 94 Japan 0.76 9 Mongolia 0.49 52 Dominican Republic 0.36 95 Canada 0.74 10 Burkina Faso 0.49 53 Madagascar 0.36 96 Australia 0.73 11 Bosnia and Ecuador 0.36 97 0.48 54 United Kingdom 0.72 12 Herzegovina Pakistan 0.35 98 New Zealand 0.72 13 Belarus 0.47 55 Sierra Leone 0.35 99 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.72 14 Kosovo 0.47 56 Lebanon 0.35 100 Estonia 0.71 15 Hungary 0.47 57 Colombia 0.34 101 Czech Republic 0.71 16 Kazakhstan 0.46 58 Ethiopia 0.34 102 Belgium 0.71 17 Malawi 0.46 59 Brazil 0.34 103 Republic of Korea 0.71 18 Vietnam 0.46 60 Bangladesh 0.33 104 United Arab Emirates 0.67 19 Bulgaria 0.45 61 Kyrgyz Republic 0.33 105 Spain 0.67 20 China 0.45 62 Panama 0.33 106 Italy 0.64 21 North Macedonia 0.45 63 Peru 0.33 107 United States 0.63 22 Senegal 0.45 64 Mozambique 0.33 108 France 0.62 23 Sri Lanka 0.44 65 Trinidad and Tobago 0.32 109 The Bahamas 0.61 24 Uzbekistan 0.44 66 Russian Federation 0.31 110 St. Vincent and the Nepal 0.44 67 Liberia 0.31 111 0.61 25 Grenadines Argentina 0.44 68 Philippines 0.31 112 Poland 0.60 26 Algeria 0.43 69 Uganda 0.31 113 Portugal 0.59 27 Thailand 0.43 70 Afghanistan 0.31 114 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.59 28 Benin 0.43 71 Guinea 0.31 115 Botswana 0.59 29 Albania 0.43 72 El Salvador 0.31 116 Barbados 0.57 30 The Gambia 0.42 73 Mauritania 0.30 117 Costa Rica 0.57 31 Tunisia 0.42 74 Guatemala 0.30 118 Jordan 0.57 32 Zambia 0.41 75 Mexico 0.30 119 Uruguay 0.56 33 Nigeria 0.40 76 Mali 0.30 120 Antigua and Barbuda 0.56 34 Serbia 0.40 77 Nicaragua 0.29 121 Slovenia 0.56 35 India 0.40 78 Myanmar 0.27 122 Chile 0.56 36 Indonesia 0.39 79 Honduras 0.26 123 Romania 0.56 37 Kenya 0.38 80 Cambodia 0.26 124 Malaysia 0.56 38 Tanzania 0.38 81 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.26 125 Namibia 0.55 39 Guyana 0.38 82 Cameroon 0.24 126 Dominica 0.55 40 Morocco 0.38 83 Bolivia 0.22 127 St. Lucia 0.55 41 Niger 0.38 84 Venezuela, RB 0.13 128 Rwanda 0.54 42 Turkey 0.38 85 Mauritius 0.53 43 Egypt 0.37 86

Adherence to the rule of law Weaker Stronger 0.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0

*Scores are rounded to two decimal places

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 29

Country Profiles Region: South Asia Afghanistan Income Group: Low

How to Read the Country Profiles Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on ® 0.36 6/6 18/19 122/128 Government This section presents profiles for the 128 countries and jurisdictions included in the WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report. Powers Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Each profile presents the featured country’s scores for each of the WJP Rule of Law Index’s factors and sub-factors, and draws Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.4 1.5 comparisons between the scores of the featured country and the scores of other indexed countries in the same regional and income groups. 0.02 3 8.3 1.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score (strong adherence to rule of law) and 0 signifies the lowest Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 Constraints on 0.44 0.00 5/6 12/19 100/128 possible score (weak adherence to rule of law). The country profiles consist of four sections, outlined below. Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.30 0.03* 6/6 15/19 118/128 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Open Government 0.41 0.04* 6/6 9/19 100/128 7.3 3.3 Displays the country’s overall rule of law score; its 7.2 3.4 Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.02 4/6 15/19 108/128 overall regional, income, and global ranks; and its change 7.1 4.1 6.5 4.2 in score and rank from the 2019 edition of the Index. Order and Security 0.29 -0.01 6/6 19/19 128/128 6.4 4.3 Section 1 6.3 4.4 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.02 6/6 17/19 121/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Fundamental 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.37 -0.01 6/6 18/19 123/128 Order and Region: East Asia & Paci�c Indonesia Income Group: Lower Middle Security The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Criminal Justice 0.31 0.03 6/6 16/19 114/128 Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on 0.53 9/15 5/30 59/128 Government Powers 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 8.48.4 1.5 0.01 4 8.38.3 1.6 * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Low Medium High Factor Score Regional Income Global Corruption 8.18.1 2.2 10 percent level Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 Section 2 Constraints on Section 4 0.68 0.02 5/15 1/30 26/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.02 14/15 12/30 92/128 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Afghanistan South Asia Low Justice Government Displays the featured country’s Open Government 0.55 0.01 7/15 4/30 49/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Presents the sub-factor 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.00 8/15 8/30 79/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 individual factor scores, along Order and Security 0.68 -0.02 12/15 12/30 82/128 scores underlying each of the factors 6.46.4 4.3 Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice 6.36.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.55 0.00 8/15 3/30 49/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 Fundamental Enforcement 5.35.3 4.7 listed in Section 3 of the country profile. with its regional, income, and 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.02 13/15 17/30 95/128 Order and Security 1.1 0.59 4.1 0.36 7.1 0.49 global group rankings. The regional, Criminal Justice 0.39 0.02 12/15 10/30 79/128 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High income, and global rankings are 10 percent level Each of the 44 sub-factors is repre- 1.2 0.35 4.2 0.29 7.2 0.18 distributed across three tiers — low, Indonesia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle sented by a gray line drawn from the Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination medium, and high — as indicated by 1.1 0.80 4.1 0.39 7.1 0.52 center to the periphery of the circle. Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.3 0.45 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.17 1.2 0.68 4.2 0.51 7.2 0.30 the color of the box where the Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination The center of the circle corresponds 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.40 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

score is found. 1.4 0.61 4.4 0.68 7.4 0.49 to the worst possible score for each for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.4 0.32 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.31

1.5 0.68 4.5 0.45 7.5 0.52 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay sub-factor (0), and the outer edge Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.6 0.72 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.40 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement of the circle marks the best possible 4.7 0.67 7.7 0.57 1.5 0.59 4.5 0.41 7.5 0.39 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 score for each sub-factor (1). Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 2.1 0.48 Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.35 Order and Security 1.6 0.34 4.6 0.31 7.6 0.56 In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.51 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.52 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication The featured country’s scores for Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 2.4 0.27 5.2 0.77 8.3 0.29 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 2020 are represented by the purple 4.7 0.60 7.7 0.50 5.3 0.43 8.4 0.28 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.47 Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 3.1 0.36 line. The featured country’s scores Absence of Corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.44 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.56 No improper gov't in�uence 4.8 0.41 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement for 2019 are represented by the 8.7 0.41 2.1 0.38 3.3 0.65 6.2 0.67 Due process of law Labor rights Civic participation No improper in�uence gray line. Criminal Justice 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.52 In the executive branch Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 Respect for due process 2.2 0.19 8.1 0.31 6.5 0.58 Order and Security No expropriation w/out adequate compensation In the judiciary Effective investigations

88 2.3 0.41 5.1 0.45 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication Section 3 2.4 0.24 5.2 0.04 8.3 0.32 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system Displays the country’s disaggregated scores for each of 5.3 0.38 8.4 0.21 the sub-factors that compose the WJP Rule of Law Index. Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.26 3.1 0.24 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption The featured country’s score is represented by the Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 purple and labeled at the end of the bar. The average 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.34 No improper gov't in�uence score of the country’s region is represented by the Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.41 orange line. The average score of the country’s income Due process of law group is represented by the green line. Civic participation No improper in�uence 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.25 Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

32 Region: South Asia AfghanistanAfghanistan Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. How to Read the Country Profiles Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on 0.36 6/6 18/19 122/128 Government Powers 1.1 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.51.5 0.02 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on 0.44 0.00 5/6 12/19 100/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.30 0.03* 6/6 15/19 118/128 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Open Government 0.41 0.04* 6/6 9/19 100/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.02 4/6 15/19 108/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.29 -0.01 6/6 19/19 128/128 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.02 6/6 17/19 121/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.64.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.37 -0.01 6/6 18/19 123/128 Order and Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.03 6/6 16/19 114/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level

Afghanistan South Asia Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.59 4.1 0.36 7.1 0.49 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.35 4.2 0.29 7.2 0.18 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.45 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.17 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.31 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.59 4.5 0.41 7.5 0.39 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.34 4.6 0.31 7.6 0.56 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.60 7.7 0.50 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.41 2.1 0.38 Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch

2.2 0.19 8.1 0.31 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.41 5.1 0.45 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.24 5.2 0.04 8.3 0.32 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.21 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.26 3.1 0.24 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.34 No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.41 Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.44 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.25 Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 33 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Middle East & North Africa Albania Income Group: Upper Middle Algeria Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 9/14 29/42 78/128 Government 0.49 5/8 31/42 83/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -4 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -8 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 -0.03* 7/14 32/42 96/128 0.48 0.00 6/8 26/42 83/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.37 0.02 11/14 37/42 100/128 Absence of Corruption 0.45 0.00 4/8 24/42 67/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.47 0.00 10/14 28/42 77/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.34 -0.07 6/8 40/42 117/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.59 -0.02 5/14 17/42 54/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.47 -0.01 4/8 35/42 93/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.79 -0.01 7/14 7/42 36/128 Order and Security 0.74 0.02 3/8 19/42 59/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 11/14 37/42 98/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.05 5/8 32/42 85/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 0.03 12/14 33/42 87/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.56 0.01 3/8 16/42 53/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.43 -0.04 8/14 27/42 72/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 0.00 3/8 25/42 69/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Albania Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.53 1.1 0.51 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.55 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.71 7.2 0.51 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.56 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.55 4.3 0.53 7.3 0.28 1.3 0.60 4.3 0.54 7.3 0.60 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.41 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.53 1.5 0.41 4.5 0.16 7.5 0.73 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.47 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.52 1.6 0.44 4.6 0.46 7.6 0.49 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.51 7.7 0.62 4.7 0.42 7.7 0.56 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.49 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.54 8.1 0.29 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.87 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.49 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.44 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.41 2.4 0.39 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.47 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.49 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.61 8.4 0.62 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.33 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.46 3.1 0.24 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.33 8.6 0.24 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.31 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.53 8.7 0.54 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.45 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.45 6.3 0.47 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.44 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 6.5 0.48 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

34 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Middle East & North Africa Albania Income Group: Upper Middle AlgeriaAlgeria Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 9/14 29/42 78/128 Government 0.49 5/8 31/42 83/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -4 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -8 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 -0.03* 7/14 32/42 96/128 0.48 0.00 6/8 26/42 83/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.37 0.02 11/14 37/42 100/128 Absence of Corruption 0.45 0.00 4/8 24/42 67/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.47 0.00 10/14 28/42 77/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.34 -0.07 6/8 40/42 117/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.59 -0.02 5/14 17/42 54/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.47 -0.01 4/8 35/42 93/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.79 -0.01 7/14 7/42 36/128 Order and Security 0.74 0.02 3/8 19/42 59/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 11/14 37/42 98/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.05 5/8 32/42 85/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 0.03 12/14 33/42 87/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.56 0.01 3/8 16/42 53/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.43 -0.04 8/14 27/42 72/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 0.00 3/8 25/42 69/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Albania Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.53 1.1 0.51 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.55 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.71 7.2 0.51 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.56 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.55 4.3 0.53 7.3 0.28 1.3 0.60 4.3 0.54 7.3 0.60 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.41 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.53 1.5 0.41 4.5 0.16 7.5 0.73 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.47 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.52 1.6 0.44 4.6 0.46 7.6 0.49 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.51 7.7 0.62 4.7 0.42 7.7 0.56 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.49 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.54 8.1 0.29 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.87 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.49 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.44 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.41 2.4 0.39 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.47 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.49 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.61 8.4 0.62 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.33 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.46 3.1 0.24 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.33 8.6 0.24 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.31 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.53 8.7 0.54 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.45 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.45 6.3 0.47 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.44 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 6.5 0.48 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 35 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: America & Caribbean Angola Income Group: Lower Middle Antigua and Barbuda Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 23/31 19/30 110/128 Government 0.63 7/30 31/37 34/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 4 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 0.03 21/31 19/30 103/128 0.62 0.01 6/30 29/37 35/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 0.00 10/31 6/30 79/128 Absence of Corruption 0.61 0.00 10/30 32/37 38/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 0.05 21/31 24/30 110/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.52 -0.01 15/30 32/37 56/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.39 0.01 27/31 22/30 114/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.00 8/30 27/37 31/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.60 0.02* 24/31 23/30 112/128 Order and Security 0.78 0.00 2/30 28/37 38/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 -0.01 23/31 23/30 113/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 5/30 30/37 33/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 20/31 20/30 104/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.66 0.00 4/30 25/37 27/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 18/31 17/30 92/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.00 7/30 30/37 34/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Antigua and Barbuda & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.75 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.30 7.2 0.60 1.2 0.71 4.2 0.81 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.60 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.34 4.4 0.43 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.46 4.4 0.60 7.4 0.77 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.43 4.5 0.52 7.5 0.25 1.5 0.60 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.41 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.19 7.6 0.31 1.6 0.74 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.43 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.72 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.41 4.8 0.86 2.1 0.35 2.1 0.58 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.36 2.2 0.83 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.47 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.73 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.25 2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.52 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.32 8.4 0.37 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.49 8.5 0.68 3.1 0.12 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.34 8.6 0.57 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.41 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.56 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.60 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.56 6.3 0.29 3.4 0.57 6.3 0.46 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.46 6.4 0.51 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.36 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

36 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Angola Income Group: Lower Middle AntiguaAntigua andand BarbudaBarbuda Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 23/31 19/30 110/128 Government 0.63 7/30 31/37 34/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 4 8.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 0.03 21/31 19/30 103/128 0.62 0.01 6/30 29/37 35/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 0.00 10/31 6/30 79/128 Absence of Corruption 0.61 0.00 10/30 32/37 38/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 0.05 21/31 24/30 110/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.52 -0.01 15/30 32/37 56/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.39 0.01 27/31 22/30 114/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.00 8/30 27/37 31/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.60 0.02* 24/31 23/30 112/128 Order and Security 0.78 0.00 2/30 28/37 38/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 -0.01 23/31 23/30 113/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 5/30 30/37 33/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 20/31 20/30 104/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.66 0.00 4/30 25/37 27/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 18/31 17/30 92/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.00 7/30 30/37 34/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.75 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.30 7.2 0.60 1.2 0.71 4.2 0.81 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.60 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.34 4.4 0.43 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.46 4.4 0.60 7.4 0.77 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.43 4.5 0.52 7.5 0.25 1.5 0.60 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.41 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.19 7.6 0.31 1.6 0.74 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.43 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.72 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.41 4.8 0.86 2.1 0.35 2.1 0.58 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.36 2.2 0.83 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.47 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.73 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.25 2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.52 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.32 8.4 0.37 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.49 8.5 0.68 3.1 0.12 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.34 8.6 0.57 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.41 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.56 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.60 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.56 6.3 0.29 3.4 0.57 6.3 0.46 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.46 6.4 0.51 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.36 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 37 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: East Asia & Paci�c Argentina Income Group: Upper Middle Australia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 12/30 13/42 48/128 Government 0.8 2/15 11/37 11/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 -0.01 9/30 8/42 40/128 0.82 -0.01 2/15 12/37 12/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.52 0.00 13/30 16/42 52/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 5/15 14/37 14/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.64 0.01 5/30 3/42 28/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.81 -0.01 2/15 7/37 7/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.70 -0.01 7/30 4/42 30/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.00 2/15 12/37 12/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.62 0.00 24/30 36/42 108/128 Order and Security 0.87 0.00 5/15 17/37 18/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.00 11/30 15/42 54/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.82 0.01 3/15 10/37 10/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 0.01 10/30 14/42 45/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 -0.01 6/15 14/37 14/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 -0.02 14/30 24/42 68/128 Criminal Justice 0.73 0.00 3/15 11/37 11/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Australia East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.65 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.73 1.1 0.86 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.60 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.46 4.2 0.79 7.2 0.70 1.2 0.84 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.69 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.70 4.3 0.57 7.3 0.57 1.3 0.77 4.3 0.77 7.3 0.88 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.70 7.4 0.52 1.4 0.77 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.70 4.5 0.76 7.5 0.31 1.5 0.79 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.68 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.79 4.6 0.69 7.6 0.55 1.6 0.92 4.6 0.84 7.6 0.74 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.77 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.82 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.65 4.8 0.72 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.78 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.67 8.1 0.27 2.2 0.97 8.1 0.66 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.61 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.91 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.71 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.61 5.2 0.98 8.3 0.62 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.29 8.4 0.54 5.3 0.73 8.4 0.58 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.85 3.1 0.70 3.1 0.91 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.43 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.47 3.2 0.70 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.57 8.7 0.77 3.3 0.68 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.78 6.2 0.90 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.63 6.3 0.49 3.4 0.86 6.3 0.77 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.50 6.4 0.87 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.85 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

38 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: East Asia & Paci�c Argentina Income Group: Upper Middle AustraliaAustralia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 12/30 13/42 48/128 Government 0.8 2/15 11/37 11/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 -0.01 9/30 8/42 40/128 0.82 -0.01 2/15 12/37 12/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.52 0.00 13/30 16/42 52/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 5/15 14/37 14/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.64 0.01 5/30 3/42 28/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.81 -0.01 2/15 7/37 7/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.70 -0.01 7/30 4/42 30/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.00 2/15 12/37 12/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.62 0.00 24/30 36/42 108/128 Order and Security 0.87 0.00 5/15 17/37 18/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.00 11/30 15/42 54/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.82 0.01 3/15 10/37 10/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 0.01 10/30 14/42 45/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 -0.01 6/15 14/37 14/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 -0.02 14/30 24/42 68/128 Criminal Justice 0.73 0.00 3/15 11/37 11/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Australia East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.65 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.73 1.1 0.86 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.60 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.46 4.2 0.79 7.2 0.70 1.2 0.84 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.69 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.70 4.3 0.57 7.3 0.57 1.3 0.77 4.3 0.77 7.3 0.88 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.70 7.4 0.52 1.4 0.77 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.70 4.5 0.76 7.5 0.31 1.5 0.79 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.68 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.79 4.6 0.69 7.6 0.55 1.6 0.92 4.6 0.84 7.6 0.74 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.77 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.82 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.65 4.8 0.72 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.78 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.67 8.1 0.27 2.2 0.97 8.1 0.66 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.61 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.91 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.71 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.61 5.2 0.98 8.3 0.62 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.29 8.4 0.54 5.3 0.73 8.4 0.58 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.85 3.1 0.70 3.1 0.91 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.43 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.47 3.2 0.70 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.57 8.7 0.77 3.3 0.68 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.78 6.2 0.90 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.63 6.3 0.49 3.4 0.86 6.3 0.77 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.50 6.4 0.87 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.85 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 39 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Austria Income Group: High The Bahamas Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.82 7/24 8/37 8/128 Government 0.61 9/30 34/37 41/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.85 0.00 7/24 8/37 8/128 0.61 0.00 10/30 31/37 43/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.82 -0.02 9/24 12/37 12/128 Absence of Corruption 0.63 -0.02 9/30 31/37 37/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.71 -0.01 13/24 17/37 17/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.50 0.00 18/30 34/37 62/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.85 0.00 6/24 6/37 6/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.66 -0.01 10/30 30/37 36/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 6/24 10/37 10/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.00 6/30 31/37 55/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.84 -0.01 7/24 9/37 9/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 18/30 36/37 64/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.77 -0.01 8/24 12/37 12/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.57 0.00 13/30 33/37 50/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.80 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 Criminal Justice 0.61 -0.01 1/30 24/37 24/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Austria EU & EFTA & North America High The Bahamas Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.72 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.49 7.1 0.62 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.84 4.2 0.97 7.2 0.69 1.2 0.62 4.2 0.82 7.2 0.49 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.78 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.86 1.3 0.52 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.66 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.83 4.4 0.84 7.4 0.87 1.4 0.44 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.61 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.84 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.67 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.46 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.94 4.6 0.92 7.6 0.82 1.6 0.79 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.88 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.78 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.82 4.8 0.64 2.1 0.78 2.1 0.54 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.94 8.1 0.65 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.93 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.81 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.55 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.63 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.81 2.4 0.41 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.46 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.79 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.59 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.88 8.5 0.78 3.1 0.71 3.1 0.31 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.92 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.87 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.83 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.81 6.2 0.93 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.65 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.72 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.84 6.4 0.54 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.82 6.5 0.53 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

40 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Austria Income Group: High TheThe BahamasBahamas Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.82 7/24 8/37 8/128 Government 0.61 9/30 34/37 41/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.85 0.00 7/24 8/37 8/128 0.61 0.00 10/30 31/37 43/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.82 -0.02 9/24 12/37 12/128 Absence of Corruption 0.63 -0.02 9/30 31/37 37/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.71 -0.01 13/24 17/37 17/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.50 0.00 18/30 34/37 62/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.85 0.00 6/24 6/37 6/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.66 -0.01 10/30 30/37 36/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 6/24 10/37 10/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.00 6/30 31/37 55/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.84 -0.01 7/24 9/37 9/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 18/30 36/37 64/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.77 -0.01 8/24 12/37 12/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.57 0.00 13/30 33/37 50/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.80 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 Criminal Justice 0.61 -0.01 1/30 24/37 24/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Austria EU & EFTA & North America High The Bahamas Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.72 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.49 7.1 0.62 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.84 4.2 0.97 7.2 0.69 1.2 0.62 4.2 0.82 7.2 0.49 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.78 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.86 1.3 0.52 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.66 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.83 4.4 0.84 7.4 0.87 1.4 0.44 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.61 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.84 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.67 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.46 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.94 4.6 0.92 7.6 0.82 1.6 0.79 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.88 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.78 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.82 4.8 0.64 2.1 0.78 2.1 0.54 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.94 8.1 0.65 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.93 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.81 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.55 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.63 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.81 2.4 0.41 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.46 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.79 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.59 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.88 8.5 0.78 3.1 0.71 3.1 0.31 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.92 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.87 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.83 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.81 6.2 0.93 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.65 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.72 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.84 6.4 0.54 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.82 6.5 0.53 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 41 Region: South Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Bangladesh Income Group: Lower Middle Barbados Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 4/6 21/30 115/128 Government 0.65 4/30 28/37 29/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.02 6/6 21/30 107/128 0.63 -0.02 5/30 28/37 34/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.01 4/6 16/30 102/128 Absence of Corruption 0.70 0.01 3/30 24/37 25/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 -0.01 5/6 17/30 93/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.52 0.00 16/30 33/37 57/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.32 -0.01 6/6 28/30 122/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.73 -0.01 3/30 23/37 24/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.63 0.02* 3/6 22/30 103/128 Order and Security 0.79 0.02 1/30 26/37 33/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.41 -0.01 4/6 22/30 111/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 -0.03 6/30 31/37 35/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.38 -0.01 5/6 25/30 119/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 -0.01 5/30 27/37 29/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.00 5/6 20/30 104/128 Criminal Justice 0.57 0.00 4/30 28/37 30/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bangladesh South Asia Lower Middle Barbados Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.54 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.73 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.48 4.2 0.19 7.2 0.32 1.2 0.71 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.67 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.28 7.3 0.36 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.57 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.37 4.4 0.28 7.4 0.45 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.28 4.5 0.50 7.5 0.20 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.81 7.5 0.31 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.34 4.6 0.16 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.80 4.6 0.79 7.6 0.52 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.34 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.77 7.7 0.72 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.42 4.8 0.70 2.1 0.41 2.1 0.63 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.35 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.89 8.1 0.51 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.30 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.45 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.43 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.38 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.45 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.20 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.46 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.35 8.5 0.77 3.1 0.35 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.26 8.6 0.76 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.55 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.28 8.7 0.57 3.3 0.33 6.2 0.42 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.48 6.3 0.30 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.32 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.32 6.4 0.67 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.57 6.5 0.69 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

42 Region: South Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Bangladesh Income Group: Lower Middle BarbadosBarbados Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 4/6 21/30 115/128 Government 0.65 4/30 28/37 29/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.02 6/6 21/30 107/128 0.63 -0.02 5/30 28/37 34/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.01 4/6 16/30 102/128 Absence of Corruption 0.70 0.01 3/30 24/37 25/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 -0.01 5/6 17/30 93/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.52 0.00 16/30 33/37 57/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.32 -0.01 6/6 28/30 122/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.73 -0.01 3/30 23/37 24/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.63 0.02* 3/6 22/30 103/128 Order and Security 0.79 0.02 1/30 26/37 33/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.41 -0.01 4/6 22/30 111/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 -0.03 6/30 31/37 35/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.38 -0.01 5/6 25/30 119/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 -0.01 5/30 27/37 29/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.00 5/6 20/30 104/128 Criminal Justice 0.57 0.00 4/30 28/37 30/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bangladesh South Asia Lower Middle Barbados Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.54 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.73 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.48 4.2 0.19 7.2 0.32 1.2 0.71 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.67 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.28 7.3 0.36 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.57 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.37 4.4 0.28 7.4 0.45 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.28 4.5 0.50 7.5 0.20 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.81 7.5 0.31 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.34 4.6 0.16 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.80 4.6 0.79 7.6 0.52 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.34 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.77 7.7 0.72 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.42 4.8 0.70 2.1 0.41 2.1 0.63 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.35 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.89 8.1 0.51 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.30 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.45 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.43 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.38 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.45 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.20 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.46 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.35 8.5 0.77 3.1 0.35 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.26 8.6 0.76 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.55 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.28 8.7 0.57 3.3 0.33 6.2 0.42 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.48 6.3 0.30 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.32 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.32 6.4 0.67 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.57 6.5 0.69 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 43 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: EU & EFTA & North America Belarus Income Group: Upper Middle Belgium Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.51 6/14 23/42 68/128 Government 0.79 11/24 14/37 14/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 -0.01 12/14 39/42 118/128 0.83 0.00 10/24 11/37 11/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.54 -0.01 2/14 13/42 48/128 Absence of Corruption 0.80 0.00 10/24 15/37 15/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.36 0.00 13/14 39/42 112/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.76 -0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.00 10/14 36/42 94/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.84 0.00 8/24 8/37 8/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.80 0.00 3/14 3/42 30/128 Order and Security 0.81 -0.01 19/24 25/37 29/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 2/14 19/42 63/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.80 -0.01 10/24 14/37 14/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.60 0.00 2/14 12/42 43/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 0.00 9/24 15/37 15/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.47 -0.01 3/14 17/42 55/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 -0.01 12/24 17/37 17/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Belarus Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Belgium EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.27 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.83 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.28 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.68 1.2 0.78 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.80 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.50 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.62 1.3 0.90 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.83 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.54 4.4 0.25 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.75 4.4 0.80 7.4 0.87 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.25 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.83 1.5 0.80 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.29 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.90 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.82 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.36 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.85 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.46 4.8 0.81 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.77 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.53 2.2 0.94 8.1 0.58 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.66 5.1 0.88 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.89 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.67 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.43 2.4 0.60 5.2 0.89 8.3 0.54 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.53 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.69 8.4 0.68 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.56 8.5 0.83 3.1 0.24 3.1 0.70 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.13 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.36 6.1 0.64 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.74 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.33 6.2 0.57 3.3 0.82 6.2 0.88 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.52 6.3 0.64 3.4 0.88 6.3 0.68 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.35 6.4 0.78 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.34 6.5 0.91 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

44 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: EU & EFTA & North America Belarus Income Group: Upper Middle BelgiumBelgium Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.51 6/14 23/42 68/128 Government 0.79 11/24 14/37 14/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 -0.01 12/14 39/42 118/128 0.83 0.00 10/24 11/37 11/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.54 -0.01 2/14 13/42 48/128 Absence of Corruption 0.80 0.00 10/24 15/37 15/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.36 0.00 13/14 39/42 112/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.76 -0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.00 10/14 36/42 94/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.84 0.00 8/24 8/37 8/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.80 0.00 3/14 3/42 30/128 Order and Security 0.81 -0.01 19/24 25/37 29/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 2/14 19/42 63/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.80 -0.01 10/24 14/37 14/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.60 0.00 2/14 12/42 43/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 0.00 9/24 15/37 15/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.47 -0.01 3/14 17/42 55/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 -0.01 12/24 17/37 17/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Belarus Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Belgium EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.27 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.83 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.28 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.68 1.2 0.78 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.80 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.50 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.62 1.3 0.90 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.83 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.54 4.4 0.25 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.75 4.4 0.80 7.4 0.87 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.25 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.83 1.5 0.80 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.29 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.90 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.82 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.36 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.85 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.46 4.8 0.81 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.77 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.53 2.2 0.94 8.1 0.58 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.66 5.1 0.88 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.89 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.67 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.43 2.4 0.60 5.2 0.89 8.3 0.54 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.53 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.69 8.4 0.68 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.56 8.5 0.83 3.1 0.24 3.1 0.70 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.13 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.36 6.1 0.64 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.74 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.33 6.2 0.57 3.3 0.82 6.2 0.88 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.52 6.3 0.64 3.4 0.88 6.3 0.68 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.35 6.4 0.78 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.34 6.5 0.91 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 45 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Belize Income Group: Upper Middle Benin Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 23/30 34/42 89/128 Government 0.5 11/31 6/19 81/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 -0.02 26/30 34/42 99/128 0.53 -0.02 11/31 6/19 67/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.01 18/30 31/42 75/128 Absence of Corruption 0.38 0.00 16/31 10/19 96/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.45 0.00 24/30 32/42 85/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.41 0.02 15/31 8/19 99/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 0.01 26/30 31/42 87/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 -0.02 10/31 4/19 69/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.03 9/30 25/42 72/128 Order and Security 0.76 -0.02 2/31 2/19 48/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 24/30 38/42 103/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.50 0.00 9/31 3/19 66/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.01 18/30 26/42 71/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.41 0.03 27/31 16/19 113/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 16/30 32/42 91/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 -0.01 10/31 5/19 71/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Belize Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.50 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.52 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.41 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.51 4.2 0.58 7.2 0.47 1.2 0.45 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.26 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.42 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.39 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.24 4.4 0.52 7.4 0.50 1.4 0.49 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.33 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.52 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.51 4.5 0.77 7.5 0.37 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.61 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.39 1.6 0.77 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.36 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.47 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.57 2.1 0.38 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.60 8.1 0.33 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.37 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.45 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.20 2.4 0.17 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.31 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.73 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.36 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.32 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.38 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.49 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.56 3.3 0.55 6.2 0.70 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.36 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.30 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.48 6.5 0.57 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

46 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Belize Income Group: Upper Middle BeninBenin Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 23/30 34/42 89/128 Government 0.5 11/31 6/19 81/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 -0.02 26/30 34/42 99/128 0.53 -0.02 11/31 6/19 67/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.01 18/30 31/42 75/128 Absence of Corruption 0.38 0.00 16/31 10/19 96/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.45 0.00 24/30 32/42 85/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.41 0.02 15/31 8/19 99/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 0.01 26/30 31/42 87/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 -0.02 10/31 4/19 69/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.03 9/30 25/42 72/128 Order and Security 0.76 -0.02 2/31 2/19 48/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 24/30 38/42 103/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.50 0.00 9/31 3/19 66/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.01 18/30 26/42 71/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.41 0.03 27/31 16/19 113/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 16/30 32/42 91/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 -0.01 10/31 5/19 71/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Belize Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.50 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.52 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.41 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.51 4.2 0.58 7.2 0.47 1.2 0.45 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.26 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.42 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.39 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.24 4.4 0.52 7.4 0.50 1.4 0.49 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.33 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.52 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.51 4.5 0.77 7.5 0.37 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.61 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.39 1.6 0.77 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.36 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.47 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.57 2.1 0.38 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.60 8.1 0.33 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.37 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.45 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.20 2.4 0.17 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.31 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.73 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.36 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.32 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.38 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.49 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.56 3.3 0.55 6.2 0.70 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.36 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.30 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.48 6.5 0.57 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 47 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Bolivia Income Group: Lower Middle Bosnia and Herzegovina Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.38 29/30 26/30 121/128 Government 0.52 5/14 20/42 64/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 0.00 27/30 23/30 116/128 0.45 0.00 8/14 33/42 97/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.00 30/30 28/30 124/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 8/14 30/42 74/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.01 26/30 15/30 90/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.47 0.00 8/14 26/42 73/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 27/30 12/30 96/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.00 4/14 16/42 53/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 26/30 25/30 115/128 Order and Security 0.76 0.00 10/14 13/42 47/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 0.00 28/30 24/30 114/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 4/14 23/42 69/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.33 -0.02 29/30 29/30 126/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 -0.03 10/14 31/42 81/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.22 0.02 29/30 30/30 127/128 Criminal Justice 0.48 -0.02 2/14 16/42 54/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.36 4.1 0.40 7.1 0.47 1.1 0.53 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.57 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.28 4.2 0.46 7.2 0.33 1.2 0.38 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.58 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.33 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.22 1.3 0.47 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.47 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.20 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.44 7.4 0.44 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.46 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.22 1.5 0.44 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.35 7.6 0.30 1.6 0.51 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.32 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.53 7.7 0.56 4.7 0.55 7.7 0.68 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.64 2.1 0.36 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.18 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.57 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.28 5.1 0.58 8.2 0.14 2.3 0.58 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.17 2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.44 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.19 8.4 0.32 5.3 0.44 8.4 0.50 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.23 8.5 0.48 3.1 0.32 3.1 0.45 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.17 8.6 0.33 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.47 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.54 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.51 6.3 0.41 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.19 6.4 0.45 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.42 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

48 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Bolivia Income Group: Lower Middle BosniaBosnia and Herzegovina Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.38 29/30 26/30 121/128 Government 0.52 5/14 20/42 64/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 0.00 27/30 23/30 116/128 0.45 0.00 8/14 33/42 97/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.00 30/30 28/30 124/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 8/14 30/42 74/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.01 26/30 15/30 90/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.47 0.00 8/14 26/42 73/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 27/30 12/30 96/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.00 4/14 16/42 53/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 26/30 25/30 115/128 Order and Security 0.76 0.00 10/14 13/42 47/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 0.00 28/30 24/30 114/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 4/14 23/42 69/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.33 -0.02 29/30 29/30 126/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 -0.03 10/14 31/42 81/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.22 0.02 29/30 30/30 127/128 Criminal Justice 0.48 -0.02 2/14 16/42 54/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.36 4.1 0.40 7.1 0.47 1.1 0.53 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.57 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.28 4.2 0.46 7.2 0.33 1.2 0.38 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.58 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.33 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.22 1.3 0.47 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.47 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.20 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.44 7.4 0.44 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.46 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.22 1.5 0.44 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.35 7.6 0.30 1.6 0.51 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.32 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.53 7.7 0.56 4.7 0.55 7.7 0.68 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.64 2.1 0.36 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.18 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.57 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.28 5.1 0.58 8.2 0.14 2.3 0.58 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.17 2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.44 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.19 8.4 0.32 5.3 0.44 8.4 0.50 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.23 8.5 0.48 3.1 0.32 3.1 0.45 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.17 8.6 0.33 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.47 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.54 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.51 6.3 0.41 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.19 6.4 0.45 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.42 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 49 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Botswana Income Group: Upper Middle Brazil Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.6 4/31 8/42 43/128 Government 0.52 16/30 22/42 67/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 1 8.38.3 1.6 -0.02 -7 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 0.03 4/31 7/42 39/128 0.53 -0.03* 18/30 18/42 64/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.59 -0.01 2/31 9/42 42/128 Absence of Corruption 0.45 -0.01 17/30 26/42 69/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 0.01 6/31 22/42 66/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.61 -0.01 6/30 5/42 31/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.01 6/31 19/42 57/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.04* 25/30 30/42 83/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 8/31 23/42 68/128 Order and Security 0.64 -0.01 19/30 31/42 100/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.01 2/31 3/42 30/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 -0.01 16/30 18/42 60/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.61 0.01 5/31 11/42 42/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 -0.01 14/30 21/42 63/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.59 0.02 1/31 2/42 29/128 Criminal Justice 0.34 -0.01 20/30 37/42 103/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.63 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.62 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.60 1.2 0.63 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.55 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.68 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.67 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.56 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.65 1.4 0.30 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.59 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.59 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.59 7.5 0.28 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.77 4.6 0.39 7.6 0.64 1.6 0.60 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.41 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.68 7.7 0.68 4.7 0.61 7.7 0.64 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.58 4.8 0.47 2.1 0.55 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.76 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.73 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.54 2.3 0.59 5.1 0.51 8.2 0.27 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.32 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.61 2.4 0.07 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.16 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.40 8.4 0.15 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.69 8.5 0.55 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.71 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.65 8.6 0.59 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.56 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.35 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.61 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.58 6.3 0.30 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.62 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.72 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

50 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Botswana Income Group: Upper Middle BrazilBrazil Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.6 4/31 8/42 43/128 Government 0.52 16/30 22/42 67/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 1 8.3 1.6 -0.02 -7 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 0.03 4/31 7/42 39/128 0.53 -0.03* 18/30 18/42 64/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.59 -0.01 2/31 9/42 42/128 Absence of Corruption 0.45 -0.01 17/30 26/42 69/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 0.01 6/31 22/42 66/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.61 -0.01 6/30 5/42 31/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.01 6/31 19/42 57/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.04* 25/30 30/42 83/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 8/31 23/42 68/128 Order and Security 0.64 -0.01 19/30 31/42 100/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.01 2/31 3/42 30/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 -0.01 16/30 18/42 60/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.61 0.01 5/31 11/42 42/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 -0.01 14/30 21/42 63/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.59 0.02 1/31 2/42 29/128 Criminal Justice 0.34 -0.01 20/30 37/42 103/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.63 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.62 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.60 1.2 0.63 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.55 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.68 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.67 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.56 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.65 1.4 0.30 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.59 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.59 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.59 7.5 0.28 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.77 4.6 0.39 7.6 0.64 1.6 0.60 4.6 0.52 7.6 0.41 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.68 7.7 0.68 4.7 0.61 7.7 0.64 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.58 4.8 0.47 2.1 0.55 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.76 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.73 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.54 2.3 0.59 5.1 0.51 8.2 0.27 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.32 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.61 2.4 0.07 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.16 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.40 8.4 0.15 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.69 8.5 0.55 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.71 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.65 8.6 0.59 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.56 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.35 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.61 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.58 6.3 0.30 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.62 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.72 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 51 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Bulgaria Income Group: Upper Middle Burkina Faso Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 23/24 16/42 53/128 Government 0.51 9/31 4/19 70/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 0.00 23/24 31/42 91/128 0.56 0.01 9/31 4/19 56/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 24/24 28/42 71/128 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.02 11/31 5/19 80/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.56 0.02 23/24 12/42 46/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.47 0.01 8/31 3/19 74/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 0.00 23/24 14/42 50/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.57 -0.01 8/31 2/19 64/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 21/24 11/42 43/128 Order and Security 0.62 -0.04* 21/31 13/19 107/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 -0.01 23/24 14/42 53/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 12/31 6/19 78/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.56 0.00 23/24 17/42 56/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 15/31 7/19 90/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.45 0.00 24/24 20/42 61/128 Criminal Justice 0.49 0.02 7/31 2/19 53/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bulgaria EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.53 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.69 1.1 0.64 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.38 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.39 4.2 0.64 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.57 7.2 0.54 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.51 4.3 0.47 7.3 0.38 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.38 1.4 0.43 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.45 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.61 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.42 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.69 7.5 0.49 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.53 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.65 1.6 0.63 4.6 0.36 7.6 0.39 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.61 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.63 4.8 0.52 2.1 0.41 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.58 8.1 0.37 2.2 0.48 8.1 0.41 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.55 5.1 0.71 8.2 0.52 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.14 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 2.4 0.23 5.2 0.73 8.3 0.42 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.54 5.3 0.43 8.4 0.60 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.49 8.5 0.48 3.1 0.56 3.1 0.30 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.33 8.6 0.52 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.66 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.47 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.56 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.61 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.50 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.33 6.4 0.39 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.50 6.5 0.60 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

52 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Bulgaria Income Group: Upper Middle BurkinaBurkina FasoFaso Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 23/24 16/42 53/128 Government 0.51 9/31 4/19 70/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 0.00 23/24 31/42 91/128 0.56 0.01 9/31 4/19 56/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 24/24 28/42 71/128 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.02 11/31 5/19 80/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.56 0.02 23/24 12/42 46/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.47 0.01 8/31 3/19 74/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 0.00 23/24 14/42 50/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.57 -0.01 8/31 2/19 64/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 21/24 11/42 43/128 Order and Security 0.62 -0.04* 21/31 13/19 107/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 -0.01 23/24 14/42 53/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 12/31 6/19 78/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.56 0.00 23/24 17/42 56/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 15/31 7/19 90/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.45 0.00 24/24 20/42 61/128 Criminal Justice 0.49 0.02 7/31 2/19 53/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Bulgaria EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.53 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.69 1.1 0.64 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.38 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.39 4.2 0.64 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.57 7.2 0.54 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.51 4.3 0.47 7.3 0.38 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.38 1.4 0.43 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.45 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.61 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.42 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.69 7.5 0.49 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.53 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.65 1.6 0.63 4.6 0.36 7.6 0.39 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.61 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.63 4.8 0.52 2.1 0.41 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.58 8.1 0.37 2.2 0.48 8.1 0.41 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.55 5.1 0.71 8.2 0.52 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.14 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 2.4 0.23 5.2 0.73 8.3 0.42 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.54 5.3 0.43 8.4 0.60 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.49 8.5 0.48 3.1 0.56 3.1 0.30 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.33 8.6 0.52 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.66 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.47 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.56 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.61 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.50 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.33 6.4 0.39 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.50 6.5 0.60 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 53 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Cambodia Income Group: Lower Middle Cameroon Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 15/15 30/30 127/128 Government 0.36 30/31 28/30 124/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 -0.02 -2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.29 0.00 15/15 28/30 125/128 0.37 -0.02 28/31 22/30 113/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.24 -0.01 15/15 30/30 127/128 Absence of Corruption 0.26 -0.02 30/31 29/30 126/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.27 0.01 15/15 28/30 126/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.34 -0.01 27/31 25/30 119/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.35 0.00 13/15 26/30 119/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.36 -0.03* 29/31 25/30 118/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.67 0.00 13/15 16/30 88/128 Order and Security 0.48 -0.05* 29/31 28/30 124/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.27 -0.02 15/15 30/30 127/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 21/31 21/30 109/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.26 0.02 15/15 30/30 128/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.41 0.03 28/31 22/30 114/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 0.01 15/15 28/30 124/128 Criminal Justice 0.24 -0.04 31/31 29/30 126/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Cambodia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.39 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.36 1.1 0.39 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.25 4.2 0.22 7.2 0.19 1.2 0.30 4.2 0.18 7.2 0.41 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.23 4.3 0.27 7.3 0.11 1.3 0.41 4.3 0.29 7.3 0.32 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.27 4.4 0.30 7.4 0.18 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.26 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.30 4.5 0.48 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.36 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.31 4.6 0.18 7.6 0.27 1.6 0.37 4.6 0.07 7.6 0.38 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.40 7.7 0.42 4.7 0.46 7.7 0.57 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.49 4.8 0.46 2.1 0.27 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.14 8.1 0.35 2.2 0.28 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.23 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.39 2.3 0.28 5.1 0.61 8.2 0.27 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.31 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.27 2.4 0.18 5.2 0.53 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.19 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.32 8.4 0.36 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.17 8.5 0.24 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.16 8.6 0.11 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.24 3.2 0.35 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.27 8.7 0.29 3.3 0.34 6.2 0.24 3.3 0.39 6.2 0.47 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.29 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.41 6.3 0.30 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.16 6.4 0.40 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.30 6.5 0.49 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

54 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Cambodia Income Group: Lower Middle CameroonCameroon Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 15/15 30/30 127/128 Government 0.36 30/31 28/30 124/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 -0.02 -2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.29 0.00 15/15 28/30 125/128 0.37 -0.02 28/31 22/30 113/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.24 -0.01 15/15 30/30 127/128 Absence of Corruption 0.26 -0.02 30/31 29/30 126/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.27 0.01 15/15 28/30 126/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.34 -0.01 27/31 25/30 119/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.35 0.00 13/15 26/30 119/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.36 -0.03* 29/31 25/30 118/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.67 0.00 13/15 16/30 88/128 Order and Security 0.48 -0.05* 29/31 28/30 124/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.27 -0.02 15/15 30/30 127/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 21/31 21/30 109/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.26 0.02 15/15 30/30 128/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.41 0.03 28/31 22/30 114/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 0.01 15/15 28/30 124/128 Criminal Justice 0.24 -0.04 31/31 29/30 126/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Cambodia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.39 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.36 1.1 0.39 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.25 4.2 0.22 7.2 0.19 1.2 0.30 4.2 0.18 7.2 0.41 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.23 4.3 0.27 7.3 0.11 1.3 0.41 4.3 0.29 7.3 0.32 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.27 4.4 0.30 7.4 0.18 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.26 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.30 4.5 0.48 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.36 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.31 4.6 0.18 7.6 0.27 1.6 0.37 4.6 0.07 7.6 0.38 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.40 7.7 0.42 4.7 0.46 7.7 0.57 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.49 4.8 0.46 2.1 0.27 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.14 8.1 0.35 2.2 0.28 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.23 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.39 2.3 0.28 5.1 0.61 8.2 0.27 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.31 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.27 2.4 0.18 5.2 0.53 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.19 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.32 8.4 0.36 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.17 8.5 0.24 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.16 8.6 0.11 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.24 3.2 0.35 6.1 0.42 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.27 8.7 0.29 3.3 0.34 6.2 0.24 3.3 0.39 6.2 0.47 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.29 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.41 6.3 0.30 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.16 6.4 0.40 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.30 6.5 0.49 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 55 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Canada Income Group: High Chile Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.81 8/24 9/37 9/128 Government 0.67 3/30 25/37 26/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.84 -0.01 8/24 9/37 9/128 0.72 0.00 3/30 19/37 20/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.83 0.01 6/24 9/37 9/128 Absence of Corruption 0.69 -0.01 4/30 25/37 26/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.81 0.00 7/24 9/37 9/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.71 -0.01 2/30 18/37 18/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.82 -0.01 9/24 9/37 9/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.72 -0.01 4/30 24/37 25/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.91 0.00 5/24 9/37 9/128 Order and Security 0.67 0.00 14/30 36/37 86/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 0.00 8/24 11/37 11/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.64 -0.01 3/30 25/37 26/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.70 0.00 12/24 19/37 19/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.63 0.00 7/30 28/37 33/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.74 0.01 8/24 10/37 10/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 -0.01 8/30 32/37 36/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Canada EU & EFTA & North America High Chile Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.80 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.68 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.85 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.57 1.2 0.58 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.62 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.80 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.90 1.3 0.85 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.65 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.77 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.89 1.4 0.58 4.4 0.72 7.4 0.68 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.85 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.72 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.43 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.95 4.6 0.89 7.6 0.75 1.6 0.89 4.6 0.85 7.6 0.61 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.87 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.75 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.73 4.8 0.70 2.1 0.80 2.1 0.62 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.95 8.1 0.69 2.2 0.84 8.1 0.36 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.88 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.67 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.59 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.71 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.69 2.4 0.48 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.34 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.80 8.4 0.53 5.3 0.27 8.4 0.53 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.85 8.5 0.69 3.1 0.88 3.1 0.66 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.96 8.6 0.77 3.2 0.66 6.1 0.76 3.2 0.75 6.1 0.61 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.78 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.84 6.2 0.95 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.84 6.3 0.71 3.4 0.77 6.3 0.55 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.88 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.76 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

56 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Canada Income Group: High ChileChile Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.81 8/24 9/37 9/128 Government 0.67 3/30 25/37 26/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.84 -0.01 8/24 9/37 9/128 0.72 0.00 3/30 19/37 20/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.83 0.01 6/24 9/37 9/128 Absence of Corruption 0.69 -0.01 4/30 25/37 26/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.81 0.00 7/24 9/37 9/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.71 -0.01 2/30 18/37 18/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.82 -0.01 9/24 9/37 9/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.72 -0.01 4/30 24/37 25/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.91 0.00 5/24 9/37 9/128 Order and Security 0.67 0.00 14/30 36/37 86/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 0.00 8/24 11/37 11/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.64 -0.01 3/30 25/37 26/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.70 0.00 12/24 19/37 19/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.63 0.00 7/30 28/37 33/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.74 0.01 8/24 10/37 10/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 -0.01 8/30 32/37 36/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Canada EU & EFTA & North America High Chile Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.80 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.68 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.85 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.57 1.2 0.58 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.62 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.80 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.90 1.3 0.85 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.65 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.77 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.89 1.4 0.58 4.4 0.72 7.4 0.68 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.85 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.72 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.43 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.95 4.6 0.89 7.6 0.75 1.6 0.89 4.6 0.85 7.6 0.61 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.87 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.75 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.73 4.8 0.70 2.1 0.80 2.1 0.62 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.95 8.1 0.69 2.2 0.84 8.1 0.36 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.88 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.67 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.59 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.71 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.69 2.4 0.48 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.34 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.80 8.4 0.53 5.3 0.27 8.4 0.53 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.85 8.5 0.69 3.1 0.88 3.1 0.66 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.96 8.6 0.77 3.2 0.66 6.1 0.76 3.2 0.75 6.1 0.61 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.78 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.84 6.2 0.95 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.84 6.3 0.71 3.4 0.77 6.3 0.55 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.88 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.76 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 57 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Latin America & Caribbean China Income Group: Upper Middle Colombia Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 12/15 33/42 88/128 Government 0.5 19/30 28/42 77/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -4 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 5 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.32 0.00 14/15 40/42 123/128 0.53 0.01 17/30 17/42 63/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.53 -0.02 8/15 15/42 51/128 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.00 22/30 36/42 95/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.01 12/15 33/42 92/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.64 0.00 4/30 2/42 27/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.29 -0.03 15/15 41/42 126/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.53 0.00 22/30 26/42 74/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.78 -0.01 8/15 9/42 40/128 Order and Security 0.56 -0.02* 28/30 40/42 119/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.01 9/15 21/42 67/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.52 0.02 13/30 17/42 56/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 8/15 22/42 64/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.49 0.01 21/30 30/42 79/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.45 -0.02 10/15 21/42 62/128 Criminal Justice 0.34 0.01 19/30 36/42 101/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

China East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.36 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.57 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.34 7.2 0.45 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.50 7.2 0.52 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.48 7.3 0.42 1.3 0.49 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.49 4.4 0.14 7.4 0.24 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.14 4.5 0.18 7.5 0.76 1.5 0.56 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.20 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.25 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.59 1.6 0.62 4.6 0.49 7.6 0.45 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.17 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.60 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.31 4.8 0.51 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.55 8.1 0.50 2.2 0.52 8.1 0.20 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.68 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.53 5.1 0.49 8.2 0.32 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.41 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.51 2.4 0.08 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.27 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.62 8.4 0.36 5.3 0.26 8.4 0.31 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.57 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.47 3.1 0.67 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.21 8.6 0.43 3.2 0.56 6.1 0.51 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.48 8.7 0.43 3.3 0.22 6.2 0.61 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.64 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.61 3.4 0.72 6.3 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.34 6.4 0.47 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.39 6.5 0.65 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

58 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Latin America & Caribbean China Income Group: Upper Middle ColombiaColombia Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 12/15 33/42 88/128 Government 0.5 19/30 28/42 77/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -4 8.3 1.6 0.00 5 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.32 0.00 14/15 40/42 123/128 0.53 0.01 17/30 17/42 63/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.53 -0.02 8/15 15/42 51/128 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.00 22/30 36/42 95/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.01 12/15 33/42 92/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.64 0.00 4/30 2/42 27/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.29 -0.03 15/15 41/42 126/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.53 0.00 22/30 26/42 74/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.78 -0.01 8/15 9/42 40/128 Order and Security 0.56 -0.02* 28/30 40/42 119/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.01 9/15 21/42 67/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.52 0.02 13/30 17/42 56/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 8/15 22/42 64/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.49 0.01 21/30 30/42 79/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.45 -0.02 10/15 21/42 62/128 Criminal Justice 0.34 0.01 19/30 36/42 101/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

China East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.36 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.57 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.34 7.2 0.45 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.50 7.2 0.52 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.48 7.3 0.42 1.3 0.49 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.49 4.4 0.14 7.4 0.24 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.14 4.5 0.18 7.5 0.76 1.5 0.56 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.20 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.25 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.59 1.6 0.62 4.6 0.49 7.6 0.45 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.17 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.60 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.31 4.8 0.51 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.55 8.1 0.50 2.2 0.52 8.1 0.20 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.68 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.53 5.1 0.49 8.2 0.32 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.41 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.51 2.4 0.08 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.27 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.62 8.4 0.36 5.3 0.26 8.4 0.31 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.57 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.47 3.1 0.67 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.21 8.6 0.43 3.2 0.56 6.1 0.51 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.48 8.7 0.43 3.3 0.22 6.2 0.61 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.64 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.61 3.4 0.72 6.3 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.34 6.4 0.47 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.39 6.5 0.65 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 59 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Costa RicaRica Income Group: Upper Middle Cote d'Ivoire Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 2/30 1/42 25/128 Government 0.46 13/31 15/30 95/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.76 -0.02 1/30 1/42 15/128 0.41 0.00 22/31 20/30 104/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.66 -0.02 5/30 3/42 30/128 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.01 19/31 17/30 103/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.70 0.00 3/30 1/42 21/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.38 0.01 20/31 21/30 107/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.01 1/30 1/42 15/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.45 -0.01 21/31 15/30 102/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 12/30 27/42 81/128 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 15/31 14/30 84/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.67 -0.01 2/30 1/42 24/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.52 0.00 8/31 6/30 57/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 0.00 8/30 7/42 38/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.02 9/31 3/30 59/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.57 0.02 5/30 3/42 31/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 -0.02 19/31 18/30 93/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Cote d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.77 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.68 1.1 0.42 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.49 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.69 4.2 0.92 7.2 0.75 1.2 0.36 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.80 4.3 0.73 7.3 0.72 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.40 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.60 4.4 0.83 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.38 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.83 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.23 1.5 0.36 4.5 0.69 7.5 0.61 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.91 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.48 1.6 0.49 4.6 0.11 7.6 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.85 7.7 0.78 4.7 0.57 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.64 4.8 0.60 2.1 0.65 2.1 0.34 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.80 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.42 8.1 0.30 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.75 5.1 0.69 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.49 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.44 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.38 2.4 0.24 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.29 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.36 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.37 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.67 8.5 0.38 3.1 0.47 3.1 0.19 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.67 8.6 0.16 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.66 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.48 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.73 8.7 0.38 3.3 0.78 6.2 0.75 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.80 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.66 6.4 0.54 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.80 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

60 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Costa Rica Income Group: Upper Middle CoteCote d'Ivoired’Ivoire Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 2/30 1/42 25/128 Government 0.46 13/31 15/30 95/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.76 -0.02 1/30 1/42 15/128 0.41 0.00 22/31 20/30 104/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.66 -0.02 5/30 3/42 30/128 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.01 19/31 17/30 103/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.70 0.00 3/30 1/42 21/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.38 0.01 20/31 21/30 107/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.01 1/30 1/42 15/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.45 -0.01 21/31 15/30 102/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 12/30 27/42 81/128 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 15/31 14/30 84/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.67 -0.01 2/30 1/42 24/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.52 0.00 8/31 6/30 57/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 0.00 8/30 7/42 38/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.02 9/31 3/30 59/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.57 0.02 5/30 3/42 31/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 -0.02 19/31 18/30 93/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Cote d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.77 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.68 1.1 0.42 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.49 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.69 4.2 0.92 7.2 0.75 1.2 0.36 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.80 4.3 0.73 7.3 0.72 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.40 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.60 4.4 0.83 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.38 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.83 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.23 1.5 0.36 4.5 0.69 7.5 0.61 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.91 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.48 1.6 0.49 4.6 0.11 7.6 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.85 7.7 0.78 4.7 0.57 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.64 4.8 0.60 2.1 0.65 2.1 0.34 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.80 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.42 8.1 0.30 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.75 5.1 0.69 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.66 8.2 0.49 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.44 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.38 2.4 0.24 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.29 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.36 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.37 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.67 8.5 0.38 3.1 0.47 3.1 0.19 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.67 8.6 0.16 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.66 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.48 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.73 8.7 0.38 3.3 0.78 6.2 0.75 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.80 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.66 6.4 0.54 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.80 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 61 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: EU & EFTA & North America Croatia Income Group: High Czech Republic Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 21/24 32/37 39/128 Government 0.73 12/24 18/37 18/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 0.00 22/24 33/37 53/128 0.73 0.00 14/24 17/37 18/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.58 0.01 20/24 33/37 44/128 Absence of Corruption 0.65 0.01 18/24 28/37 31/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.61 0.00 19/24 27/37 33/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.67 0.01 15/24 22/37 23/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.67 0.02 20/24 29/37 33/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.85 0.02 14/24 20/37 21/128 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 7/24 11/37 12/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.01 22/24 33/37 48/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.71 0.01 14/24 21/37 21/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.57 -0.01 21/24 34/37 52/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.69 -0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.51 0.01 21/24 33/37 47/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.01 11/24 16/37 16/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Croatia EU & EFTA & North America High Czech Republic EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.68 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.64 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.47 4.2 0.72 7.2 0.67 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.74 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.56 4.3 0.65 7.3 0.58 1.3 0.75 4.3 0.81 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.49 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.56 1.4 0.61 4.4 0.76 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.63 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.76 4.5 0.78 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.85 4.6 0.78 7.6 0.63 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.75 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.80 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.74 2.1 0.50 2.1 0.60 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.87 8.1 0.62 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.76 5.1 0.95 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.79 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.70 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.49 2.4 0.36 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.59 8.4 0.43 5.3 0.80 8.4 0.67 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.62 8.5 0.75 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.68 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.48 8.6 0.83 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.61 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.73 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.65 8.7 0.81 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.68 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.87 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.65 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.67 6.3 0.63 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.62 6.5 0.73 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

62 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: EU & EFTA & North America Croatia Income Group: High CzechCzech Republic Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 21/24 32/37 39/128 Government 0.73 12/24 18/37 18/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 3 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 0.00 22/24 33/37 53/128 0.73 0.00 14/24 17/37 18/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.58 0.01 20/24 33/37 44/128 Absence of Corruption 0.65 0.01 18/24 28/37 31/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.61 0.00 19/24 27/37 33/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.67 0.01 15/24 22/37 23/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.67 0.02 20/24 29/37 33/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.85 0.02 14/24 20/37 21/128 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 7/24 11/37 12/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.01 22/24 33/37 48/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.71 0.01 14/24 21/37 21/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.57 -0.01 21/24 34/37 52/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.69 -0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.51 0.01 21/24 33/37 47/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.01 11/24 16/37 16/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Croatia EU & EFTA & North America High Czech Republic EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.68 1.1 0.70 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.64 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.47 4.2 0.72 7.2 0.67 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.74 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.56 4.3 0.65 7.3 0.58 1.3 0.75 4.3 0.81 7.3 0.79 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.49 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.56 1.4 0.61 4.4 0.76 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.63 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.76 4.5 0.78 7.5 0.45 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.85 4.6 0.78 7.6 0.63 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.75 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.80 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.74 2.1 0.50 2.1 0.60 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.87 8.1 0.62 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.76 5.1 0.95 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.79 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.70 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.49 2.4 0.36 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.59 8.4 0.43 5.3 0.80 8.4 0.67 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.62 8.5 0.75 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.68 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.48 8.6 0.83 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.61 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.73 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.65 8.7 0.81 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.68 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.87 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.65 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.67 6.3 0.63 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.62 6.5 0.73 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 63 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Congo, Dem. Rep.Rep. Income Group: Low Denmark Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.34 31/31 19/19 126/128 Government 0.9 1/24 1/37 1/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.07* 26/31 17/19 110/128 0.94 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.16 -0.02 31/31 19/19 128/128 Absence of Corruption 0.95 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.34 0.02 26/31 17/19 118/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.88 0.02 2/24 2/37 2/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.04* 25/31 17/19 112/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.92 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.48 0.00 30/31 18/19 125/128 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 1/24 3/37 3/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.35 -0.02 30/31 19/19 125/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.90 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.35 -0.01 31/31 19/19 125/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.86 -0.01 1/24 1/37 1/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 -0.02 30/31 19/19 125/128 Criminal Justice 0.83 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low Denmark EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.51 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.35 1.1 0.91 4.1 0.79 7.1 0.76 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.37 4.2 0.17 7.2 0.45 1.2 0.95 4.2 0.99 7.2 0.90 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.32 4.3 0.30 7.3 0.16 1.3 0.91 4.3 0.88 7.3 0.99 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.35 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.25 1.4 0.94 4.4 0.97 7.4 0.92 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.40 1.5 0.97 4.5 0.80 7.5 0.73 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.41 4.6 0.19 7.6 0.31 1.6 0.99 4.6 0.98 7.6 0.88 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.50 4.7 0.98 7.7 0.85 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.95 2.1 0.23 2.1 0.92 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.15 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.99 8.1 0.66 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.18 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.98 5.1 0.95 8.2 0.75 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.08 5.2 0.56 8.3 0.13 2.4 0.89 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.78 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.32 8.4 0.44 5.3 0.84 8.4 0.80 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.18 8.5 0.98 3.1 0.19 3.1 0.86 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.19 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.34 6.1 0.34 3.2 0.84 6.1 0.86 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.30 8.7 0.88 3.3 0.41 6.2 0.36 3.3 0.94 6.2 0.97 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.43 6.3 0.36 3.4 0.87 6.3 0.88 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.37 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.33 6.5 0.90 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

64 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Congo, Dem. Rep. Income Group: Low DenmarkDenmark Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.34 31/31 19/19 126/128 Government 0.9 1/24 1/37 1/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.07* 26/31 17/19 110/128 0.94 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.16 -0.02 31/31 19/19 128/128 Absence of Corruption 0.95 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.34 0.02 26/31 17/19 118/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.88 0.02 2/24 2/37 2/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.04* 25/31 17/19 112/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.92 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.48 0.00 30/31 18/19 125/128 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 1/24 3/37 3/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.35 -0.02 30/31 19/19 125/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.90 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.35 -0.01 31/31 19/19 125/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.86 -0.01 1/24 1/37 1/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 -0.02 30/31 19/19 125/128 Criminal Justice 0.83 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low Denmark EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.51 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.35 1.1 0.91 4.1 0.79 7.1 0.76 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.37 4.2 0.17 7.2 0.45 1.2 0.95 4.2 0.99 7.2 0.90 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.32 4.3 0.30 7.3 0.16 1.3 0.91 4.3 0.88 7.3 0.99 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.35 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.25 1.4 0.94 4.4 0.97 7.4 0.92 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.40 1.5 0.97 4.5 0.80 7.5 0.73 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.41 4.6 0.19 7.6 0.31 1.6 0.99 4.6 0.98 7.6 0.88 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.50 4.7 0.98 7.7 0.85 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.95 2.1 0.23 2.1 0.92 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.15 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.99 8.1 0.66 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.18 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.98 5.1 0.95 8.2 0.75 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.08 5.2 0.56 8.3 0.13 2.4 0.89 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.78 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.32 8.4 0.44 5.3 0.84 8.4 0.80 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.18 8.5 0.98 3.1 0.19 3.1 0.86 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.19 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.34 6.1 0.34 3.2 0.84 6.1 0.86 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.30 8.7 0.88 3.3 0.41 6.2 0.36 3.3 0.94 6.2 0.97 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.43 6.3 0.36 3.4 0.87 6.3 0.88 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.37 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.33 6.5 0.90 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 65 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Dominica Income Group: Upper Middle Dominican Republic Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 11/30 11/42 46/128 Government 0.48 24/30 35/42 90/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.01 7 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 0.00 19/30 19/42 66/128 0.47 0.01 24/30 29/42 88/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.60 -0.01 11/30 7/42 40/128 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.01 21/30 35/42 94/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 0.00 19/30 20/42 63/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.53 0.02 13/30 15/42 53/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.63 -0.02 14/30 11/42 45/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.02 17/30 20/42 60/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.74 -0.02 8/30 18/42 58/128 Order and Security 0.63 0.00 20/30 32/42 102/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.01 12/30 16/42 55/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.02 27/30 40/42 108/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 0.00 11/30 15/42 48/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.02 23/30 35/42 97/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 0.00 9/30 8/42 40/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 17/30 33/42 95/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.44 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.76 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.52 7.1 0.53 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.58 4.2 0.77 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.41 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.65 4.3 0.59 7.3 0.76 1.3 0.31 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.34 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.38 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.33 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.67 7.5 0.26 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.57 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.57 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.38 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.61 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.68 7.7 0.57 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.57 4.8 0.59 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.87 8.1 0.49 2.2 0.50 8.1 0.33 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.84 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.47 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.37 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.20 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.30 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.72 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.38 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.58 8.6 0.34 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.39 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.59 8.7 0.43 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.70 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.60 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.39 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.54 6.4 0.25 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.55 6.5 0.44 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

66 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Dominica Income Group: Upper Middle DominicanDominican RepublicRepublic Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 11/30 11/42 46/128 Government 0.48 24/30 35/42 90/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.01 7 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 0.00 19/30 19/42 66/128 0.47 0.01 24/30 29/42 88/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.60 -0.01 11/30 7/42 40/128 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.01 21/30 35/42 94/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 0.00 19/30 20/42 63/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.53 0.02 13/30 15/42 53/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.63 -0.02 14/30 11/42 45/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.02 17/30 20/42 60/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.74 -0.02 8/30 18/42 58/128 Order and Security 0.63 0.00 20/30 32/42 102/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.01 12/30 16/42 55/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.02 27/30 40/42 108/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 0.00 11/30 15/42 48/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.02 23/30 35/42 97/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 0.00 9/30 8/42 40/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 17/30 33/42 95/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.44 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.76 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.52 7.1 0.53 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.58 4.2 0.77 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.41 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.65 4.3 0.59 7.3 0.76 1.3 0.31 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.34 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.38 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.33 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.67 7.5 0.26 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.57 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.57 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.38 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.61 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.68 7.7 0.57 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.57 4.8 0.59 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.87 8.1 0.49 2.2 0.50 8.1 0.33 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.84 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.47 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.37 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.20 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.30 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.72 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.38 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.58 8.6 0.34 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.39 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.59 8.7 0.43 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.70 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.60 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.39 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.54 6.4 0.25 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.55 6.5 0.44 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 67 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Middle East & North Africa Ecuador Income Group: Upper Middle Egypt Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 22/30 32/42 86/128 Government 0.36 8/8 29/30 125/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 0.02 23/30 27/42 85/128 0.27 -0.03 8/8 29/30 126/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.01 20/30 34/42 86/128 Absence of Corruption 0.40 0.00 7/8 11/30 91/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 -0.01 20/30 21/42 65/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.22 0.00 8/8 30/30 128/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.03 23/30 27/42 77/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.28 -0.02 7/8 30/30 127/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.63 0.00 21/30 33/42 104/128 Order and Security 0.57 0.06* 8/8 27/30 118/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 20/30 24/42 72/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.02 8/8 27/30 123/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.49 0.01 19/30 28/42 77/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.39 0.01 8/8 23/30 117/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 18/30 34/42 97/128 Criminal Justice 0.37 -0.03 6/8 13/30 86/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Egypt Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.54 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.08 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.53 7.2 0.49 1.2 0.35 4.2 0.20 7.2 0.34 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.48 4.3 0.42 7.3 0.42 1.3 0.32 4.3 0.34 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.40 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.35 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.06 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.65 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.06 4.5 0.26 7.5 0.25 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.52 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.39 4.6 0.21 7.6 0.23 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.21 7.7 0.52 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.57 4.8 0.42 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.41 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.42 8.1 0.28 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.40 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.57 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.66 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.30 8.4 0.33 5.3 0.28 8.4 0.44 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.47 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.38 3.1 0.33 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 8.6 0.37 3.2 0.48 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.11 6.1 0.46 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.42 8.7 0.34 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.59 3.3 0.16 6.2 0.47 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.29 6.3 0.17 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.37 6.4 0.31 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.50 6.5 0.44 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

68 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Middle East & North Africa Ecuador Income Group: Upper Middle EgyptEgypt Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 22/30 32/42 86/128 Government 0.36 8/8 29/30 125/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 3 8.3 1.6 0.00 -2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 0.02 23/30 27/42 85/128 0.27 -0.03 8/8 29/30 126/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.01 20/30 34/42 86/128 Absence of Corruption 0.40 0.00 7/8 11/30 91/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 -0.01 20/30 21/42 65/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.22 0.00 8/8 30/30 128/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.03 23/30 27/42 77/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.28 -0.02 7/8 30/30 127/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.63 0.00 21/30 33/42 104/128 Order and Security 0.57 0.06* 8/8 27/30 118/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 20/30 24/42 72/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.02 8/8 27/30 123/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.49 0.01 19/30 28/42 77/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.39 0.01 8/8 23/30 117/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 18/30 34/42 97/128 Criminal Justice 0.37 -0.03 6/8 13/30 86/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Egypt Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.54 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.08 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.53 7.2 0.49 1.2 0.35 4.2 0.20 7.2 0.34 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.48 4.3 0.42 7.3 0.42 1.3 0.32 4.3 0.34 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.40 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.35 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.06 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.65 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.06 4.5 0.26 7.5 0.25 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.52 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.39 4.6 0.21 7.6 0.23 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.21 7.7 0.52 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.57 4.8 0.42 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.41 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.42 8.1 0.28 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.40 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.57 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.66 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.30 8.4 0.33 5.3 0.28 8.4 0.44 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.47 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.38 3.1 0.33 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 8.6 0.37 3.2 0.48 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.11 6.1 0.46 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.42 8.7 0.34 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.59 3.3 0.16 6.2 0.47 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.29 6.3 0.17 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.37 6.4 0.31 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.50 6.5 0.44 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 69 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: EU & EFTA & North America El Salvador Income Group: Lower Middle Estonia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 21/30 10/30 84/128 Government 0.81 9/24 10/37 10/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.02 2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 0.03 21/30 10/30 77/128 0.83 0.00 9/24 10/37 10/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.38 -0.02 23/30 15/30 98/128 Absence of Corruption 0.79 -0.01 11/24 17/37 17/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.53 0.02 12/30 6/30 52/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.81 0.01 6/24 8/37 8/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 21/30 7/30 73/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.82 -0.01 10/24 10/37 10/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.02* 17/30 20/30 96/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 9/24 14/37 15/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.03 14/30 7/30 58/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.79 0.00 11/24 15/37 15/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 0.02 16/30 6/30 66/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.80 0.00 7/24 8/37 8/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.02 24/30 23/30 116/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.00 10/24 15/37 15/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Estonia EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.52 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.84 4.1 0.80 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.48 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.85 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.48 1.3 0.86 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.89 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.46 1.4 0.78 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.84 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.56 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.42 1.5 0.79 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.75 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.59 4.6 0.54 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.91 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.70 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.84 7.7 0.89 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.67 2.1 0.36 2.1 0.73 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.50 8.1 0.17 2.2 0.95 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.51 8.2 0.30 2.3 0.92 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.11 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.57 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.63 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.31 5.3 0.76 8.4 0.71 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.40 8.5 0.88 3.1 0.42 3.1 0.88 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.84 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.41 3.2 0.75 6.1 0.83 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.80 6.2 0.90 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.61 6.3 0.53 3.4 0.81 6.3 0.80 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.66 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.78 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

70 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: EU & EFTA & North America El Salvador Income Group: Lower Middle EstoniaEstonia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 21/30 10/30 84/128 Government 0.81 9/24 10/37 10/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.02 2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 0.03 21/30 10/30 77/128 0.83 0.00 9/24 10/37 10/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.38 -0.02 23/30 15/30 98/128 Absence of Corruption 0.79 -0.01 11/24 17/37 17/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.53 0.02 12/30 6/30 52/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.81 0.01 6/24 8/37 8/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 21/30 7/30 73/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.82 -0.01 10/24 10/37 10/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.02* 17/30 20/30 96/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 9/24 14/37 15/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.03 14/30 7/30 58/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.79 0.00 11/24 15/37 15/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 0.02 16/30 6/30 66/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.80 0.00 7/24 8/37 8/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.02 24/30 23/30 116/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.00 10/24 15/37 15/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Estonia EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.52 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.84 4.1 0.80 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.48 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.85 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.48 1.3 0.86 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.89 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.39 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.46 1.4 0.78 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.84 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.56 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.42 1.5 0.79 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.75 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.59 4.6 0.54 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.91 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.70 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.84 7.7 0.89 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.67 2.1 0.36 2.1 0.73 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.50 8.1 0.17 2.2 0.95 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.51 8.2 0.30 2.3 0.92 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.11 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.57 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.63 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.31 5.3 0.76 8.4 0.71 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.40 8.5 0.88 3.1 0.42 3.1 0.88 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.84 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.41 3.2 0.75 6.1 0.83 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.80 6.2 0.90 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.61 6.3 0.53 3.4 0.81 6.3 0.80 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.66 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.78 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 71 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Ethiopia Income Group: Low Finland Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 26/31 16/19 114/128 Government 0.87 3/24 3/37 3/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.02 6 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.05* 27/31 18/19 112/128 0.92 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 8/31 3/19 65/128 Absence of Corruption 0.89 0.00 4/24 5/37 5/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.32 0.04* 28/31 18/19 121/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.86 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.35 0.05* 30/31 19/19 120/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.91 -0.01 3/24 3/37 3/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.63 -0.01* 20/31 12/19 101/128 Order and Security 0.91 -0.01 4/24 8/37 8/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 0.03 24/31 13/19 116/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.86 0.03 3/24 4/37 4/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.42 0.01 25/31 14/19 109/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.81 0.02 6/24 7/37 7/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.34 0.00 23/31 12/19 102/128 Criminal Justice 0.83 -0.01 2/24 2/37 2/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low Finland EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.51 4.1 0.47 7.1 0.44 1.1 0.88 4.1 0.85 7.1 0.70 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.36 4.2 0.25 7.2 0.36 1.2 0.90 4.2 1.00 7.2 0.84 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.92 4.3 0.91 7.3 0.94 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.31 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.93 4.4 0.89 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.31 4.5 0.51 7.5 0.39 1.5 0.89 4.5 0.83 7.5 0.65 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.32 4.6 0.21 7.6 0.47 1.6 0.98 4.6 0.97 7.6 0.90 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.32 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.92 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.37 4.8 0.87 2.1 0.42 2.1 0.90 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.40 8.1 0.34 2.2 0.98 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.45 5.1 0.64 8.2 0.36 2.3 0.96 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.77 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.56 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.34 2.4 0.72 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.86 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.33 5.3 0.81 8.4 0.78 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.93 3.1 0.23 3.1 0.90 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.97 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.35 3.2 0.80 6.1 0.83 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.91 3.3 0.29 6.2 0.53 3.3 0.88 6.2 0.97 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.40 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.85 6.3 0.80 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.25 6.4 0.94 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.43 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

72 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Ethiopia Income Group: Low FinlandFinland Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 26/31 16/19 114/128 Government 0.87 3/24 3/37 3/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.02 6 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.05* 27/31 18/19 112/128 0.92 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 8/31 3/19 65/128 Absence of Corruption 0.89 0.00 4/24 5/37 5/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.32 0.04* 28/31 18/19 121/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.86 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.35 0.05* 30/31 19/19 120/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.91 -0.01 3/24 3/37 3/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.63 -0.01* 20/31 12/19 101/128 Order and Security 0.91 -0.01 4/24 8/37 8/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 0.03 24/31 13/19 116/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.86 0.03 3/24 4/37 4/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.42 0.01 25/31 14/19 109/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.81 0.02 6/24 7/37 7/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.34 0.00 23/31 12/19 102/128 Criminal Justice 0.83 -0.01 2/24 2/37 2/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low Finland EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.51 4.1 0.47 7.1 0.44 1.1 0.88 4.1 0.85 7.1 0.70 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.36 4.2 0.25 7.2 0.36 1.2 0.90 4.2 1.00 7.2 0.84 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.92 4.3 0.91 7.3 0.94 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.31 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.93 4.4 0.89 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.31 4.5 0.51 7.5 0.39 1.5 0.89 4.5 0.83 7.5 0.65 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.32 4.6 0.21 7.6 0.47 1.6 0.98 4.6 0.97 7.6 0.90 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.32 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.92 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.37 4.8 0.87 2.1 0.42 2.1 0.90 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.40 8.1 0.34 2.2 0.98 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.45 5.1 0.64 8.2 0.36 2.3 0.96 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.77 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.56 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.34 2.4 0.72 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.86 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.33 5.3 0.81 8.4 0.78 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.93 3.1 0.23 3.1 0.90 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.97 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.35 3.2 0.80 6.1 0.83 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.91 3.3 0.29 6.2 0.53 3.3 0.88 6.2 0.97 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.40 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.85 6.3 0.80 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.25 6.4 0.94 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.43 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 73 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Sub-Saharan Africa France Income Group: High The Gambia Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.73 14/24 20/37 20/128 Government 0.5 10/31 5/19 74/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.6 Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Score Change Rank Rank Rank 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank Constraints on 0.5 0.60 0.00 5/31 1/19 44/128 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 Government Powers 7.7 2.3 Constraints on 0.73 -0.02 15/24 18/37 19/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 7.6 2.4 Absence of Corruption 0.48 0.00 7/31 2/19 59/128 7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.74 -0.01 12/24 18/37 18/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Open Government 0.36 0.00 23/31 14/19 114/128 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.78 -0.01 10/24 12/37 12/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 7.3 3.3 Fundamental Rights 0.55 0.00 9/31 3/19 67/128 7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.73 -0.01 16/24 20/37 21/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 7.1 4.1 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 9/31 6/19 69/128 6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.75 -0.01 22/24 30/37 53/128 6.46.4 4.3 Regulatory Enforcement 0.38 0.00 25/31 14/19 118/128 6.4 4.3 6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.76 -0.01 12/24 17/37 17/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 Civil Justice 0.52 0.00 10/31 3/19 69/128 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.71 0.00 11/24 18/37 18/128 Order and Order and Criminal Justice 0.42 0.00 11/31 6/19 73/128 Security Security Criminal Justice 0.62 -0.01 16/24 23/37 23/128 * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score Low Medium High 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 10 percent level * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level The Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa Low

France EU & EFTA & North America High Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice 1.1 0.71 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.45 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.1 0.72 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.65 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.2 0.63 4.2 0.39 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.84 7.2 0.59 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.3 0.36 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.60 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.3 0.73 4.3 0.67 7.3 0.76 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.52 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.4 0.64 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.77 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.75 7.5 0.36 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.57 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.6 0.80 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.37 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 1.6 0.88 4.6 0.67 7.6 0.74 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 4.7 0.68 7.7 0.66 Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.7 0.81 7.7 0.85 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 Absence of Corruption 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice 4.8 0.79 In the executive branch 2.1 0.72 Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch 2.2 0.59 8.1 0.39 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.2 0.90 8.1 0.59 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.50 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.3 0.85 5.1 0.82 8.2 0.62 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.18 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 2.4 0.48 5.2 0.89 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.30 Absence of violent redress No discrimination 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.51 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.57 Open Government 3.1 0.17 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 8.5 0.76 Publicized laws & gov't data 3.1 0.84 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 8.6 0.56 Publicized laws & gov't data 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.37 No improper gov't in�uence 8.6 0.64 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 3.2 0.73 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence 8.7 0.43 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.49 Due process of law 8.7 0.67 Civic participation No improper in�uence 3.3 0.74 6.2 0.85 Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence 3.4 0.34 6.3 0.23 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 3.4 0.82 6.3 0.67 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 6.4 0.36 Respect for due process 6.4 0.76 Respect for due process 6.5 0.45 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation 6.5 0.83 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

74 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Sub-Saharan Africa France Income Group: High TheThe GambiaGambia Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.73 14/24 20/37 20/128 Government 0.5 10/31 5/19 74/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of Score Change Rank Rank Rank 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank Constraints on 0.5 0.60 0.00 5/31 1/19 44/128 0.5 7.7 2.3 Government Powers 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on 0.73 -0.02 15/24 18/37 19/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 7.67.6 2.42.4 Absence of Corruption 0.48 0.00 7/31 2/19 59/128 7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.74 -0.01 12/24 18/37 18/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Open Government 0.36 0.00 23/31 14/19 114/128 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.78 -0.01 10/24 12/37 12/128 7.3 3.3 7.37.3 3.33.3 Fundamental Rights 0.55 0.00 9/31 3/19 67/128 7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.73 -0.01 16/24 20/37 21/128 7.1 4.1 7.17.1 4.14.1 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 9/31 6/19 69/128 6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.75 -0.01 22/24 30/37 53/128 6.4 4.3 Regulatory Enforcement 0.38 0.00 25/31 14/19 118/128 6.46.4 4.34.3 6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.76 -0.01 12/24 17/37 17/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 Civil Justice 0.52 0.00 10/31 3/19 69/128 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.71 0.00 11/24 18/37 18/128 Order and Order and Criminal Justice 0.42 0.00 11/31 6/19 73/128 Security Security Criminal Justice 0.62 -0.01 16/24 23/37 23/128 * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score Low Medium High 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 10 percent level * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level The Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa Low

France EU & EFTA & North America High Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice 1.1 0.71 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.45 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.1 0.72 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.65 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.2 0.63 4.2 0.39 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.84 7.2 0.59 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.3 0.36 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.60 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.3 0.73 4.3 0.67 7.3 0.76 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.52 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.4 0.64 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.77 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.75 7.5 0.36 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.57 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.6 0.80 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.37 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 1.6 0.88 4.6 0.67 7.6 0.74 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 4.7 0.68 7.7 0.66 Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.7 0.81 7.7 0.85 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 Absence of Corruption 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice 4.8 0.79 In the executive branch 2.1 0.72 Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch 2.2 0.59 8.1 0.39 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.2 0.90 8.1 0.59 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.50 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.3 0.85 5.1 0.82 8.2 0.62 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.18 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 2.4 0.48 5.2 0.89 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.30 Absence of violent redress No discrimination 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.51 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.57 Open Government 3.1 0.17 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 8.5 0.76 Publicized laws & gov't data 3.1 0.84 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 8.6 0.56 Publicized laws & gov't data 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.37 No improper gov't in�uence 8.6 0.64 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 3.2 0.73 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence 8.7 0.43 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.49 Due process of law 8.7 0.67 Civic participation No improper in�uence 3.3 0.74 6.2 0.85 Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence 3.4 0.34 6.3 0.23 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 3.4 0.82 6.3 0.67 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 6.4 0.36 Respect for due process 6.4 0.76 Respect for due process 6.5 0.45 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation 6.5 0.83 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 75 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: EU & EFTA & North America Georgia Income Group: Upper Middle Germany Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.6 1/14 7/42 42/128 Government 0.84 6/24 6/37 6/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 -0.02 1/14 16/42 61/128 0.85 0.00 6/24 6/37 6/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.68 -0.02 1/14 2/42 27/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 8/24 11/37 11/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.57 -0.01 1/14 9/42 41/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.79 0.00 8/24 10/37 10/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 -0.01 1/14 13/42 48/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.85 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 6/14 6/42 35/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 11/24 16/37 17/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.01 1/14 8/42 41/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 0.00 4/24 6/37 6/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 6/14 24/42 67/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.85 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.52 0.00 1/14 13/42 46/128 Criminal Justice 0.79 0.01 6/24 7/37 7/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Georgia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Germany EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.58 7.1 0.65 1.1 0.83 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.79 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.50 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.83 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.59 4.3 0.59 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.85 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.88 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.66 7.4 0.39 1.4 0.80 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.66 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.85 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.82 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.59 4.6 0.43 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.96 4.6 0.81 7.6 0.89 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.70 7.7 0.71 4.7 0.90 7.7 0.83 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.56 4.8 0.85 2.1 0.60 2.1 0.81 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.39 2.2 0.95 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.89 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.91 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.77 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.51 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.59 2.4 0.62 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.79 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.50 5.3 0.78 8.4 0.74 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.73 8.5 0.86 3.1 0.51 3.1 0.75 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.27 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.55 3.2 0.73 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.59 8.7 0.83 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.80 3.3 0.86 6.2 0.85 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.55 6.3 0.50 3.4 0.83 6.3 0.83 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.60 6.5 0.91 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

76 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: EU & EFTA & North America Georgia Income Group: Upper Middle GermanyGermany Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.6 1/14 7/42 42/128 Government 0.84 6/24 6/37 6/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 -0.02 1/14 16/42 61/128 0.85 0.00 6/24 6/37 6/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.68 -0.02 1/14 2/42 27/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 8/24 11/37 11/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.57 -0.01 1/14 9/42 41/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.79 0.00 8/24 10/37 10/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 -0.01 1/14 13/42 48/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.85 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 6/14 6/42 35/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 11/24 16/37 17/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.01 1/14 8/42 41/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 0.00 4/24 6/37 6/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 6/14 24/42 67/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.85 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.52 0.00 1/14 13/42 46/128 Criminal Justice 0.79 0.01 6/24 7/37 7/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Georgia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Germany EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.58 7.1 0.65 1.1 0.83 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.79 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.50 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.95 7.2 0.83 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.59 4.3 0.59 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.85 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.88 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.42 4.4 0.66 7.4 0.39 1.4 0.80 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.66 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.85 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.82 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.59 4.6 0.43 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.96 4.6 0.81 7.6 0.89 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.70 7.7 0.71 4.7 0.90 7.7 0.83 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.56 4.8 0.85 2.1 0.60 2.1 0.81 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.39 2.2 0.95 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.89 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.91 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.77 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.51 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.59 2.4 0.62 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.79 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.50 5.3 0.78 8.4 0.74 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.73 8.5 0.86 3.1 0.51 3.1 0.75 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.27 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.63 6.1 0.55 3.2 0.73 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.59 8.7 0.83 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.80 3.3 0.86 6.2 0.85 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.55 6.3 0.50 3.4 0.83 6.3 0.83 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.60 6.5 0.91 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 77 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Ghana Income Group: Lower Middle Greece Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.57 6/31 1/30 51/128 Government 0.61 22/24 33/37 40/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -4 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 -0.02 2/31 2/30 28/128 0.68 -0.01 18/24 24/37 27/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.39 -0.01 15/31 13/30 93/128 Absence of Corruption 0.56 0.00 21/24 34/37 45/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 -0.01 5/31 8/30 64/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.61 0.00 20/24 28/37 34/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 -0.03 4/31 1/30 47/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.65 -0.01 21/24 31/37 37/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.72 0.01 7/31 7/30 65/128 Order and Security 0.71 -0.01 24/24 33/37 66/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.55 0.00 7/31 4/30 50/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.58 -0.01 20/24 32/37 39/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 -0.02 6/31 1/30 46/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.59 0.01 20/24 31/37 47/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.49 0.00 6/31 1/30 51/128 Criminal Justice 0.50 -0.01 22/24 34/37 50/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Greece EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.78 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.57 1.1 0.64 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.64 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.67 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.56 1.2 0.64 4.2 0.77 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.62 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.54 1.3 0.71 4.3 0.55 7.3 0.71 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.52 4.4 0.74 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.54 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.61 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.74 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.31 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.48 7.6 0.58 1.6 0.86 4.6 0.66 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.77 7.7 0.75 4.7 0.76 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.38 2.1 0.52 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.54 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.80 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.37 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.74 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.37 2.4 0.20 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.25 3.1 0.57 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.61 8.6 0.60 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.47 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.63 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.55 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.55 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.64 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.50 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.60 6.4 0.44 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.67 6.5 0.70 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

78 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America Ghana Income Group: Lower Middle GreeceGreece Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.57 6/31 1/30 51/128 Government 0.61 22/24 33/37 40/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -4 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 -0.02 2/31 2/30 28/128 0.68 -0.01 18/24 24/37 27/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.39 -0.01 15/31 13/30 93/128 Absence of Corruption 0.56 0.00 21/24 34/37 45/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.50 -0.01 5/31 8/30 64/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.61 0.00 20/24 28/37 34/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.61 -0.03 4/31 1/30 47/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.65 -0.01 21/24 31/37 37/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.72 0.01 7/31 7/30 65/128 Order and Security 0.71 -0.01 24/24 33/37 66/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.55 0.00 7/31 4/30 50/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.58 -0.01 20/24 32/37 39/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.59 -0.02 6/31 1/30 46/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.59 0.01 20/24 31/37 47/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.49 0.00 6/31 1/30 51/128 Criminal Justice 0.50 -0.01 22/24 34/37 50/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Greece EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.78 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.57 1.1 0.64 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.64 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.67 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.56 1.2 0.64 4.2 0.77 7.2 0.61 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.62 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.54 1.3 0.71 4.3 0.55 7.3 0.71 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.52 4.4 0.74 7.4 0.71 1.4 0.54 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.61 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.74 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.31 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.48 7.6 0.58 1.6 0.86 4.6 0.66 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.77 7.7 0.75 4.7 0.76 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.38 2.1 0.52 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.54 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.80 8.1 0.50 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.37 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.74 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.37 2.4 0.20 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.25 3.1 0.57 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.61 8.6 0.60 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.47 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.63 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.55 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.55 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.64 6.3 0.46 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.50 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.60 6.4 0.44 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.67 6.5 0.70 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 79 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Grenada Income Group: Upper Middle Guatemala Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 10/30 9/42 44/128 Government 0.45 25/30 38/42 101/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 -0.01 13/30 13/42 52/128 0.52 -0.02* 20/30 20/42 69/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.65 -0.02 6/30 4/42 32/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 -0.03* 25/30 39/42 108/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 -0.01 22/30 30/42 82/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.51 0.00 17/30 18/42 60/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.63 0.00 13/30 10/42 44/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 -0.01 20/30 24/42 70/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 4/30 12/42 46/128 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 27/30 39/42 116/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 -0.02 9/30 12/42 47/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 26/30 39/42 107/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.60 -0.02 9/30 13/42 44/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.37 0.00 28/30 41/42 121/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.50 0.00 12/30 14/42 48/128 Criminal Justice 0.30 -0.02 25/30 40/42 118/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.57 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.56 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.43 7.1 0.35 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.66 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.72 1.2 0.51 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.39 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.49 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.80 1.3 0.40 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.46 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.43 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.72 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.36 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.62 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.14 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.69 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.30 1.6 0.63 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.30 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.76 7.7 0.73 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.67 4.8 0.40 2.1 0.60 2.1 0.33 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.79 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.88 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.50 5.1 0.54 8.2 0.24 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.46 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.06 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.08 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.42 8.4 0.47 5.3 0.23 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.43 3.1 0.29 3.1 0.30 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.57 8.6 0.39 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.50 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.75 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.58 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.52 6.3 0.58 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.39 6.4 0.29 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.57 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

80 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Grenada Income Group: Upper Middle GuatemalaGuatemala Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 10/30 9/42 44/128 Government 0.45 25/30 38/42 101/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 -0.01 13/30 13/42 52/128 0.52 -0.02* 20/30 20/42 69/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.65 -0.02 6/30 4/42 32/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 -0.03* 25/30 39/42 108/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 -0.01 22/30 30/42 82/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.51 0.00 17/30 18/42 60/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.63 0.00 13/30 10/42 44/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 -0.01 20/30 24/42 70/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 4/30 12/42 46/128 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 27/30 39/42 116/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 -0.02 9/30 12/42 47/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 26/30 39/42 107/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.60 -0.02 9/30 13/42 44/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.37 0.00 28/30 41/42 121/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.50 0.00 12/30 14/42 48/128 Criminal Justice 0.30 -0.02 25/30 40/42 118/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.57 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.56 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.43 7.1 0.35 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.66 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.72 1.2 0.51 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.39 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.49 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.80 1.3 0.40 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.46 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.43 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.72 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.36 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.62 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.14 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.69 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.30 1.6 0.63 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.30 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.76 7.7 0.73 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.67 4.8 0.40 2.1 0.60 2.1 0.33 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.79 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.74 5.1 0.88 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.50 5.1 0.54 8.2 0.24 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.46 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.06 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.08 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.42 8.4 0.47 5.3 0.23 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.43 3.1 0.29 3.1 0.30 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.57 8.6 0.39 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.50 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.75 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.58 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.52 6.3 0.58 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.39 6.4 0.29 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.57 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 81 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Guinea Income Group: Low Guyana Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 24/31 14/19 111/128 Government 0.5 17/30 25/42 73/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.02 -4 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.00 25/31 16/19 109/128 0.56 -0.01 15/30 14/42 58/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.29 0.00 26/31 16/19 120/128 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 15/30 23/42 66/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 -0.02 22/31 13/19 111/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.45 0.01 23/30 31/42 84/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 -0.02 15/31 10/19 86/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.56 0.00 18/30 22/42 65/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.72 -0.03 6/31 5/19 64/128 Order and Security 0.62 0.01 23/30 35/42 106/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 -0.06 28/31 18/19 122/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.00 22/30 31/42 84/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.41 0.00 29/31 17/19 115/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.53 0.00 15/30 23/42 65/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.00 27/31 17/19 115/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 15/30 29/42 82/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.46 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.62 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.56 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.45 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.61 4.2 0.56 7.2 0.43 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.33 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.15 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.61 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.29 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.41 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.54 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.46 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.47 4.6 0.27 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.64 4.6 0.46 7.6 0.54 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.61 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.59 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.59 2.1 0.26 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.29 8.1 0.23 2.2 0.60 8.1 0.34 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.34 5.1 0.73 8.2 0.28 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.40 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.42 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.22 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.30 8.5 0.52 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.27 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.54 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.36 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.49 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.38 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.52 6.3 0.38 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.36 6.4 0.37 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

82 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Guinea Income Group: Low GuyanaGuyana Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 24/31 14/19 111/128 Government 0.5 17/30 25/42 73/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.02 -4 8.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 0.00 25/31 16/19 109/128 0.56 -0.01 15/30 14/42 58/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.29 0.00 26/31 16/19 120/128 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 15/30 23/42 66/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 -0.02 22/31 13/19 111/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.45 0.01 23/30 31/42 84/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 -0.02 15/31 10/19 86/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.56 0.00 18/30 22/42 65/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.72 -0.03 6/31 5/19 64/128 Order and Security 0.62 0.01 23/30 35/42 106/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 -0.06 28/31 18/19 122/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.00 22/30 31/42 84/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.41 0.00 29/31 17/19 115/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.53 0.00 15/30 23/42 65/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.00 27/31 17/19 115/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 15/30 29/42 82/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.46 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.62 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.56 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.30 4.2 0.45 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.61 4.2 0.56 7.2 0.43 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.33 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.15 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.61 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.29 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.41 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.54 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.46 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.72 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.47 4.6 0.27 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.64 4.6 0.46 7.6 0.54 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.61 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.59 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.59 2.1 0.26 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.29 8.1 0.23 2.2 0.60 8.1 0.34 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.34 5.1 0.73 8.2 0.28 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.40 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.42 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.22 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.30 8.5 0.52 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.27 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.54 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.36 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.49 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.38 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.52 6.3 0.38 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.36 6.4 0.37 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.38 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 83 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: East Asia & Paci�c Honduras Income Group: Lower Middle Hong Kong SAR, China Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.4 27/30 22/30 116/128 Government 0.76 5/15 16/37 16/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.34 -0.03 28/30 24/30 119/128 0.65 0.00 7/15 27/37 31/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.32 -0.01 27/30 23/30 114/128 Absence of Corruption 0.84 0.00 3/15 8/37 8/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.42 0.00 27/30 19/30 96/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.73 -0.01 3/15 15/37 15/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.00 28/30 20/30 111/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.65 -0.01 6/15 32/37 38/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.66 0.05* 16/30 17/30 93/128 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 2/15 2/37 2/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 -0.01 29/30 26/30 117/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 -0.01 4/15 12/37 12/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.41 0.00 25/30 21/30 112/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.77 0.00 4/15 11/37 11/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 0.01 28/30 27/30 123/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 0.00 5/15 14/37 14/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Hong Kong SAR, China East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.44 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.74 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.33 4.2 0.29 7.2 0.42 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.69 7.2 0.68 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.28 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.71 7.3 0.96 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.25 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.75 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.72 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.46 4.5 0.55 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.56 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.75 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.29 4.6 0.17 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.58 4.6 0.50 7.6 0.80 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.51 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.88 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.68 2.1 0.34 2.1 0.83 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.39 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.94 8.1 0.70 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.48 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.30 2.3 0.88 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.70 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.09 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.16 2.4 0.72 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.76 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.41 8.4 0.26 5.3 0.85 8.4 0.68 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.87 3.1 0.30 3.1 0.72 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.17 8.6 0.58 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.36 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.74 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.71 3.3 0.46 6.2 0.54 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.96 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.40 3.4 0.83 6.3 0.76 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.14 6.4 0.87 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.73 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

84 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: East Asia & Paci�c Honduras Income Group: Lower Middle HongHong KongKong SAR,SAR, ChinaChina Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.4 27/30 22/30 116/128 Government 0.76 5/15 16/37 16/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.34 -0.03 28/30 24/30 119/128 0.65 0.00 7/15 27/37 31/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.32 -0.01 27/30 23/30 114/128 Absence of Corruption 0.84 0.00 3/15 8/37 8/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.42 0.00 27/30 19/30 96/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.73 -0.01 3/15 15/37 15/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.00 28/30 20/30 111/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.65 -0.01 6/15 32/37 38/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.66 0.05* 16/30 17/30 93/128 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 2/15 2/37 2/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 -0.01 29/30 26/30 117/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 -0.01 4/15 12/37 12/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.41 0.00 25/30 21/30 112/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.77 0.00 4/15 11/37 11/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.26 0.01 28/30 27/30 123/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 0.00 5/15 14/37 14/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Hong Kong SAR, China East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.44 4.1 0.46 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.74 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.33 4.2 0.29 7.2 0.42 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.69 7.2 0.68 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.28 4.3 0.33 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.71 7.3 0.96 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.25 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.75 4.4 0.56 7.4 0.72 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.46 4.5 0.55 7.5 0.27 1.5 0.56 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.75 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.29 4.6 0.17 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.58 4.6 0.50 7.6 0.80 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.51 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.88 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.68 2.1 0.34 2.1 0.83 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.39 8.1 0.21 2.2 0.94 8.1 0.70 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.48 5.1 0.56 8.2 0.30 2.3 0.88 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.70 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.09 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.16 2.4 0.72 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.76 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.41 8.4 0.26 5.3 0.85 8.4 0.68 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.87 3.1 0.30 3.1 0.72 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.17 8.6 0.58 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.36 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.74 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.33 8.7 0.71 3.3 0.46 6.2 0.54 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.96 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.40 3.4 0.83 6.3 0.76 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.14 6.4 0.87 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.73 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 85 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: South Asia Hungary Income Group: High India Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 24/24 36/37 60/128 Government 0.51 3/6 6/30 69/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.02 24/24 37/37 108/128 0.61 0.00 1/6 3/30 41/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.51 0.00 23/24 35/37 53/128 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.01 2/6 9/30 85/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.00 24/24 35/37 80/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.61 0.00 1/6 1/30 32/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.00 24/24 36/37 59/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.02 3/6 10/30 84/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.89 -0.01 8/24 12/37 13/128 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 4/6 24/30 114/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.01 24/24 37/37 86/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 2/6 8/30 74/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.45 0.00 24/24 37/37 96/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.00 2/6 18/30 98/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.47 -0.01 23/24 35/37 57/128 Criminal Justice 0.40 0.00 3/6 9/30 78/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Hungary EU & EFTA & North America High India South Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.35 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.54 1.1 0.72 4.1 0.47 7.1 0.41 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.41 4.2 0.81 7.2 0.28 1.2 0.65 4.2 0.47 7.2 0.40 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.32 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.65 1.3 0.57 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.51 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.35 1.4 0.41 4.4 0.58 7.4 0.63 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.58 4.5 0.56 7.5 0.20 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.38 1.6 0.73 4.6 0.49 7.6 0.40 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.49 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.61 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.64 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.71 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.50 8.1 0.27 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.70 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.43 5.1 0.79 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.41 2.4 0.33 5.2 0.69 8.3 0.37 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.76 8.4 0.28 5.3 0.30 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.46 3.1 0.55 3.1 0.56 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.38 8.6 0.55 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.54 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.56 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.61 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.46 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.47 3.4 0.71 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.27 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.45 6.5 0.64 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

86 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: South Asia Hungary Income Group: High IndiaIndia Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 24/24 36/37 60/128 Government 0.51 3/6 6/30 69/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.02 24/24 37/37 108/128 0.61 0.00 1/6 3/30 41/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.51 0.00 23/24 35/37 53/128 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.01 2/6 9/30 85/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.00 24/24 35/37 80/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.61 0.00 1/6 1/30 32/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.58 0.00 24/24 36/37 59/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.02 3/6 10/30 84/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.89 -0.01 8/24 12/37 13/128 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 4/6 24/30 114/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.01 24/24 37/37 86/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 2/6 8/30 74/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.45 0.00 24/24 37/37 96/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.00 2/6 18/30 98/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.47 -0.01 23/24 35/37 57/128 Criminal Justice 0.40 0.00 3/6 9/30 78/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Hungary EU & EFTA & North America High India South Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.35 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.54 1.1 0.72 4.1 0.47 7.1 0.41 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.41 4.2 0.81 7.2 0.28 1.2 0.65 4.2 0.47 7.2 0.40 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.32 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.65 1.3 0.57 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.51 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.35 1.4 0.41 4.4 0.58 7.4 0.63 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.58 4.5 0.56 7.5 0.20 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.38 1.6 0.73 4.6 0.49 7.6 0.40 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.49 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.61 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.64 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.42 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.71 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.50 8.1 0.27 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.70 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.43 5.1 0.79 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.41 2.4 0.33 5.2 0.69 8.3 0.37 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.76 8.4 0.28 5.3 0.30 8.4 0.37 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.46 3.1 0.55 3.1 0.56 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.38 8.6 0.55 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.54 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.56 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.61 3.3 0.58 6.2 0.46 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.47 3.4 0.71 6.3 0.40 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.27 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.45 6.5 0.64 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 87 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Indonesia Income Group: Lower Middle Iran Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 9/15 5/30 59/128 Government 0.43 7/8 41/42 109/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 4 8.38.3 1.6 -0.02 -3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 0.02 5/15 1/30 26/128 0.37 -0.02 7/8 37/42 114/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.02 14/15 12/30 92/128 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.02 6/8 32/42 76/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.55 0.01 7/15 4/30 49/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.28 -0.01 7/8 41/42 124/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.00 8/15 8/30 79/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.22 -0.02 8/8 42/42 128/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.68 -0.02 12/15 12/30 82/128 Order and Security 0.73 -0.02 4/8 21/42 63/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.55 0.00 8/15 3/30 49/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.46 -0.02 6/8 33/42 88/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.02 13/15 17/30 95/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.55 0.00 4/8 19/42 58/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.39 0.02 12/15 10/30 79/128 Criminal Justice 0.37 -0.05 7/8 31/42 87/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Indonesia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Iran Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.80 4.1 0.39 7.1 0.52 1.1 0.40 4.1 0.44 7.1 0.65 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.68 4.2 0.51 7.2 0.30 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.23 7.2 0.40 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.59 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.40 1.3 0.41 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.61 4.4 0.68 7.4 0.49 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.19 7.4 0.47 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.68 4.5 0.45 7.5 0.52 1.5 0.19 4.5 0.05 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.12 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.57 4.7 0.12 7.7 0.75 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.24 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.35 2.2 0.54 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.51 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.52 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.45 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 0.77 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.85 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.43 8.4 0.28 5.3 0.57 8.4 0.26 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.47 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.36 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.44 8.6 0.28 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.56 3.2 0.32 6.1 0.35 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.41 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.65 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.17 6.2 0.44 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.52 3.4 0.30 6.3 0.51 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.46 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.54 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

88 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Indonesia Income Group: Lower Middle IranIran Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 9/15 5/30 59/128 Government 0.43 7/8 41/42 109/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 4 8.3 1.6 -0.02 -3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.68 0.02 5/15 1/30 26/128 0.37 -0.02 7/8 37/42 114/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.39 0.02 14/15 12/30 92/128 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.02 6/8 32/42 76/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.55 0.01 7/15 4/30 49/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.28 -0.01 7/8 41/42 124/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.00 8/15 8/30 79/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.22 -0.02 8/8 42/42 128/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.68 -0.02 12/15 12/30 82/128 Order and Security 0.73 -0.02 4/8 21/42 63/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.55 0.00 8/15 3/30 49/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.46 -0.02 6/8 33/42 88/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.02 13/15 17/30 95/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.55 0.00 4/8 19/42 58/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.39 0.02 12/15 10/30 79/128 Criminal Justice 0.37 -0.05 7/8 31/42 87/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Indonesia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Iran Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.80 4.1 0.39 7.1 0.52 1.1 0.40 4.1 0.44 7.1 0.65 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.68 4.2 0.51 7.2 0.30 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.23 7.2 0.40 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.59 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.40 1.3 0.41 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.61 4.4 0.68 7.4 0.49 1.4 0.39 4.4 0.19 7.4 0.47 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.68 4.5 0.45 7.5 0.52 1.5 0.19 4.5 0.05 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.12 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.57 4.7 0.12 7.7 0.75 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.24 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.35 2.2 0.54 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.51 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.52 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.45 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.27 5.2 0.77 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.85 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.43 8.4 0.28 5.3 0.57 8.4 0.26 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.47 8.5 0.42 3.1 0.36 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.44 8.6 0.28 3.2 0.55 6.1 0.56 3.2 0.32 6.1 0.35 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.41 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.65 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.17 6.2 0.44 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.52 3.4 0.30 6.3 0.51 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.46 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.58 6.5 0.54 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 89 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Italy Income Group: High Jamaica Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.66 18/24 26/37 27/128 Government 0.57 13/30 14/42 49/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 0.00 17/24 22/37 23/128 0.64 0.02 4/30 3/42 32/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.63 0.00 19/24 30/37 35/128 Absence of Corruption 0.55 0.00 12/30 12/42 47/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.63 0.00 18/24 26/37 29/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.56 0.01 9/30 10/42 43/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.73 0.00 17/24 22/37 23/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.01 11/30 7/42 40/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.75 0.00 23/24 32/37 56/128 Order and Security 0.61 -0.01 25/30 37/42 109/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.01 19/24 29/37 32/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.54 0.00 10/30 13/42 51/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.56 0.00 22/24 35/37 54/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.51 0.00 17/30 25/42 70/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.64 0.00 14/24 21/37 21/128 Criminal Justice 0.50 0.00 13/30 15/42 49/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Italy EU & EFTA & North America High Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.72 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.62 1.1 0.67 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.48 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.69 4.2 0.58 7.2 0.55 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.74 4.3 0.71 7.3 0.66 1.3 0.62 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.70 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.63 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.44 4.4 0.67 7.4 0.72 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.32 1.5 0.67 4.5 0.68 7.5 0.24 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.79 4.6 0.79 7.6 0.36 1.6 0.74 4.6 0.70 7.6 0.27 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.79 7.7 0.69 4.7 0.74 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.58 4.8 0.63 2.1 0.56 2.1 0.49 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.81 8.1 0.47 2.2 0.81 8.1 0.40 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.85 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.62 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.39 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.53 2.4 0.26 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.21 8.4 0.52 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.75 8.5 0.67 3.1 0.61 3.1 0.37 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.82 8.6 0.71 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.61 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.71 8.7 0.49 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.72 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.60 6.4 0.48 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.64 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

90 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean Italy Income Group: High JamaicaJamaica Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.66 18/24 26/37 27/128 Government 0.57 13/30 14/42 49/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 0.00 17/24 22/37 23/128 0.64 0.02 4/30 3/42 32/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.63 0.00 19/24 30/37 35/128 Absence of Corruption 0.55 0.00 12/30 12/42 47/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.63 0.00 18/24 26/37 29/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.56 0.01 9/30 10/42 43/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.73 0.00 17/24 22/37 23/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.01 11/30 7/42 40/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.75 0.00 23/24 32/37 56/128 Order and Security 0.61 -0.01 25/30 37/42 109/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.01 19/24 29/37 32/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.54 0.00 10/30 13/42 51/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.56 0.00 22/24 35/37 54/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.51 0.00 17/30 25/42 70/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.64 0.00 14/24 21/37 21/128 Criminal Justice 0.50 0.00 13/30 15/42 49/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Italy EU & EFTA & North America High Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.72 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.62 1.1 0.67 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.48 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.69 4.2 0.58 7.2 0.55 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.74 4.3 0.71 7.3 0.66 1.3 0.62 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.70 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.63 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.44 4.4 0.67 7.4 0.72 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.32 1.5 0.67 4.5 0.68 7.5 0.24 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.79 4.6 0.79 7.6 0.36 1.6 0.74 4.6 0.70 7.6 0.27 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.79 7.7 0.69 4.7 0.74 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.58 4.8 0.63 2.1 0.56 2.1 0.49 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.81 8.1 0.47 2.2 0.81 8.1 0.40 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.85 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.62 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.39 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.53 2.4 0.26 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.21 8.4 0.52 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.75 8.5 0.67 3.1 0.61 3.1 0.37 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.82 8.6 0.71 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.61 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.71 8.7 0.49 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.72 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.60 6.4 0.48 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.64 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 91 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Japan Income Group: High Jordan Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.78 4/15 15/37 15/128 Government 0.57 2/8 15/42 50/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 0.00 4/15 23/37 24/128 0.49 -0.01 5/8 23/42 80/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 4/15 13/37 13/128 Absence of Corruption 0.60 0.02 2/8 6/42 39/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.68 0.00 5/15 21/37 22/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.42 0.01 3/8 36/42 98/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.77 -0.01 3/15 18/37 19/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.48 -0.01 3/8 34/42 91/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.92 0.00 3/15 5/37 5/128 Order and Security 0.76 -0.01 2/8 14/42 49/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.79 0.00 5/15 16/37 16/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 2/8 4/42 34/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.79 0.00 2/15 9/37 9/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.62 -0.01 2/8 6/42 37/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.76 0.01 2/15 9/37 9/128 Criminal Justice 0.57 -0.01 2/8 4/42 32/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Japan East Asia & Paci�c High Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.61 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.71 1.1 0.50 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.60 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.81 1.2 0.48 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.66 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.69 4.3 0.75 7.3 0.94 1.3 0.56 4.3 0.48 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.73 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.76 1.4 0.53 4.4 0.44 7.4 0.63 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.71 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.72 1.5 0.44 4.5 0.39 7.5 0.38 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.81 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.74 1.6 0.42 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.60 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.71 7.7 0.88 4.7 0.40 7.7 0.73 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.77 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.79 2.1 0.58 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.68 2.2 0.70 8.1 0.49 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.93 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.64 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.63 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.58 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.83 2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.84 8.4 0.77 5.3 0.43 8.4 0.56 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.91 8.5 0.69 3.1 0.74 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.71 8.6 0.58 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.72 3.2 0.56 6.1 0.46 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.75 8.7 0.48 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.95 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.72 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.75 3.4 0.38 6.3 0.61 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.74 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.76 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

92 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Japan Income Group: High JordanJordan Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.78 4/15 15/37 15/128 Government 0.57 2/8 15/42 50/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 0.00 4/15 23/37 24/128 0.49 -0.01 5/8 23/42 80/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 4/15 13/37 13/128 Absence of Corruption 0.60 0.02 2/8 6/42 39/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.68 0.00 5/15 21/37 22/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.42 0.01 3/8 36/42 98/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.77 -0.01 3/15 18/37 19/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.48 -0.01 3/8 34/42 91/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.92 0.00 3/15 5/37 5/128 Order and Security 0.76 -0.01 2/8 14/42 49/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.79 0.00 5/15 16/37 16/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 2/8 4/42 34/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.79 0.00 2/15 9/37 9/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.62 -0.01 2/8 6/42 37/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.76 0.01 2/15 9/37 9/128 Criminal Justice 0.57 -0.01 2/8 4/42 32/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Japan East Asia & Paci�c High Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.61 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.71 1.1 0.50 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.60 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.81 1.2 0.48 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.66 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.69 4.3 0.75 7.3 0.94 1.3 0.56 4.3 0.48 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.73 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.76 1.4 0.53 4.4 0.44 7.4 0.63 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.71 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.72 1.5 0.44 4.5 0.39 7.5 0.38 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.81 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.74 1.6 0.42 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.60 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.71 7.7 0.88 4.7 0.40 7.7 0.73 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.77 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.79 2.1 0.58 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.68 2.2 0.70 8.1 0.49 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.93 5.1 0.93 8.2 0.64 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.85 8.2 0.63 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.58 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.83 2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.55 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.84 8.4 0.77 5.3 0.43 8.4 0.56 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.91 8.5 0.69 3.1 0.74 3.1 0.35 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.71 8.6 0.58 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.72 3.2 0.56 6.1 0.46 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.75 8.7 0.48 3.3 0.67 6.2 0.95 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.72 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.75 3.4 0.38 6.3 0.61 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.74 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.76 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 93 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Kazakhstan Income Group: Upper Middle Kenya Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 4/14 19/42 62/128 Government 0.45 18/31 17/30 102/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 4 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 -0.01 9/14 35/42 102/128 0.49 0.00 16/31 11/30 78/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.02 3/14 18/42 57/128 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.00 27/31 27/30 122/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 -0.01 11/14 29/42 81/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.48 -0.01 7/31 11/30 72/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 -0.01 11/14 37/42 100/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.01 18/31 11/30 95/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.78 0.00 8/14 8/42 39/128 Order and Security 0.58 0.01 26/31 26/30 117/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 3/14 20/42 65/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 -0.01 15/31 13/30 93/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 0.02 1/14 9/42 40/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.46 -0.01 16/31 15/30 91/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.46 0.02 5/14 19/42 58/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.01 14/31 11/30 80/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Kazakhstan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.45 4.1 0.57 7.1 0.54 1.1 0.63 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.44 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.50 1.2 0.51 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.51 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.50 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.54 1.3 0.47 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.42 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.45 4.4 0.34 7.4 0.42 1.4 0.35 4.4 0.52 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.34 4.5 0.57 7.5 0.85 1.5 0.52 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.36 4.6 0.30 7.6 0.73 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.33 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.60 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.46 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.57 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.35 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.69 2.3 0.26 5.1 0.59 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.44 2.4 0.08 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.56 8.4 0.42 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.36 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.53 8.5 0.32 3.1 0.53 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.31 8.6 0.48 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.60 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.44 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.34 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.46 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.56 3.4 0.68 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.28 6.4 0.33 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.46 6.5 0.55 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

94 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Kazakhstan Income Group: Upper Middle KenyaKenya Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 4/14 19/42 62/128 Government 0.45 18/31 17/30 102/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 4 8.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.42 -0.01 9/14 35/42 102/128 0.49 0.00 16/31 11/30 78/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.02 3/14 18/42 57/128 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.00 27/31 27/30 122/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 -0.01 11/14 29/42 81/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.48 -0.01 7/31 11/30 72/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 -0.01 11/14 37/42 100/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.01 18/31 11/30 95/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.78 0.00 8/14 8/42 39/128 Order and Security 0.58 0.01 26/31 26/30 117/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 3/14 20/42 65/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 -0.01 15/31 13/30 93/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 0.02 1/14 9/42 40/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.46 -0.01 16/31 15/30 91/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.46 0.02 5/14 19/42 58/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.01 14/31 11/30 80/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Kazakhstan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.45 4.1 0.57 7.1 0.54 1.1 0.63 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.44 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.60 7.2 0.50 1.2 0.51 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.51 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.50 4.3 0.43 7.3 0.54 1.3 0.47 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.42 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.45 4.4 0.34 7.4 0.42 1.4 0.35 4.4 0.52 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.34 4.5 0.57 7.5 0.85 1.5 0.52 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.36 4.6 0.30 7.6 0.73 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.33 7.7 0.74 4.7 0.60 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.46 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.57 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.46 8.1 0.35 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.69 2.3 0.26 5.1 0.59 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.44 2.4 0.08 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.56 8.4 0.42 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.36 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.53 8.5 0.32 3.1 0.53 3.1 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.31 8.6 0.48 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.60 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.44 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.43 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.34 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.46 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.56 3.4 0.68 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.28 6.4 0.33 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.46 6.5 0.55 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 95 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Kosovo Income Group: Upper Middle Kyrgyz Republic Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 2/14 17/42 54/128 Government 0.48 11/14 12/30 87/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.38.3 1.6 0.01 8.3 1.6 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Constraints on Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.52 0.00 2/14 21/42 71/128 0.5 0.5 Government Powers 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on 0.48 0.00 3/14 13/30 84/128 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Absence of Corruption 0.46 0.00 5/14 22/42 62/128 7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.32 0.01 14/14 22/30 113/128 0 0 Open Government 0.56 0.00 3/14 11/42 44/128 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.54 0.00 5/14 5/30 51/128 7.3 3.3 Fundamental Rights 0.60 0.00 3/14 15/42 52/128 7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 0.02 9/14 9/30 82/128 7.1 4.1 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 2/14 1/42 25/128 6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.76 0.01 11/14 5/30 50/128 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 10/14 36/42 97/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3 6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 -0.01 8/14 14/30 95/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 13/14 34/42 93/128 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Order and Civil Justice 0.49 0.00 9/14 11/30 80/128 Order and Criminal Justice 0.47 0.00 4/14 18/42 56/128 Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.02 13/14 21/30 105/128 * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 10 percent level * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level Kosovo Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Kyrgyz Republic Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.61 4.1 0.63 7.1 0.60 Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.60 1.2 0.42 4.2 0.65 7.2 0.53 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.2 0.30 4.2 0.52 7.2 0.56 1.3 0.60 4.3 0.60 7.3 0.36 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.37 1.4 0.38 4.4 0.57 7.4 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.60 7.4 0.34 1.5 0.57 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.24 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.5 0.60 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.51 1.6 0.55 4.6 0.51 7.6 0.42 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 1.6 0.52 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.39 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption 4.7 0.64 7.7 0.65 4.8 0.45 Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 2.1 0.45 Absence of Corruption Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.35 In the executive branch Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.2 0.39 8.1 0.39 Order and Security 2.3 0.64 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.34 In the judiciary Effective investigations In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.3 0.38 5.1 0.79 8.2 0.50 2.4 0.31 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.23 5.3 0.62 8.4 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.33 8.5 0.50 Absence of violent redress No discrimination 3.1 0.50 Open Government Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data 8.5 0.29 3.1 0.53 8.6 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 3.2 0.51 6.1 0.36 Publicized laws & gov't data No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.6 0.21 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.51 8.7 0.60 No improper gov't in�uence 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.56 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence 8.7 0.35 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.44 Due process of law 3.4 0.67 6.3 0.39 Civic participation No improper in�uence Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 3.4 0.50 6.3 0.53 6.4 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Respect for due process 6.4 0.32 6.5 0.55 Respect for due process No expropriation w/out adequate compensation 6.5 0.43 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

96 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Kosovo Income Group: Upper Middle KyrgyzKyrgyz RepublicRepublic Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 2/14 17/42 54/128 Government 0.48 11/14 12/30 87/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.3 1.6 0.01 8.38.3 1.61.6 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Constraints on Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.52 0.00 2/14 21/42 71/128 0.5 0.5 Government Powers 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on 0.48 0.00 3/14 13/30 84/128 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Absence of Corruption 0.46 0.00 5/14 22/42 62/128 7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.32 0.01 14/14 22/30 113/128 0 0 Open Government 0.56 0.00 3/14 11/42 44/128 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.54 0.00 5/14 5/30 51/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Fundamental Rights 0.60 0.00 3/14 15/42 52/128 7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 0.02 9/14 9/30 82/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 2/14 1/42 25/128 6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.76 0.01 11/14 5/30 50/128 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 10/14 36/42 97/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3 6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 -0.01 8/14 14/30 95/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 13/14 34/42 93/128 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Order and Civil Justice 0.49 0.00 9/14 11/30 80/128 Order and Criminal Justice 0.47 0.00 4/14 18/42 56/128 Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.02 13/14 21/30 105/128 * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 10 percent level * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level Kosovo Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Kyrgyz Republic Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.61 4.1 0.63 7.1 0.60 Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.60 1.2 0.42 4.2 0.65 7.2 0.53 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination 1.2 0.30 4.2 0.52 7.2 0.56 1.3 0.60 4.3 0.60 7.3 0.36 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.37 1.4 0.38 4.4 0.57 7.4 0.44 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.60 7.4 0.34 1.5 0.57 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.24 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay 1.5 0.60 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.51 1.6 0.55 4.6 0.51 7.6 0.42 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement 1.6 0.52 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.39 4.7 0.62 7.7 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption 4.7 0.64 7.7 0.65 4.8 0.45 Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 2.1 0.45 Absence of Corruption Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch 4.8 0.55 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.35 In the executive branch Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations 2.2 0.39 8.1 0.39 Order and Security 2.3 0.64 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.34 In the judiciary Effective investigations In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication 2.3 0.38 5.1 0.79 8.2 0.50 2.4 0.31 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system 2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.23 5.3 0.62 8.4 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.33 8.5 0.50 Absence of violent redress No discrimination 3.1 0.50 Open Government Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data 8.5 0.29 3.1 0.53 8.6 0.29 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption 3.2 0.51 6.1 0.36 Publicized laws & gov't data No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.6 0.21 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.51 8.7 0.60 No improper gov't in�uence 3.3 0.57 6.2 0.56 Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence 8.7 0.35 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.44 Due process of law 3.4 0.67 6.3 0.39 Civic participation No improper in�uence Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay 3.4 0.50 6.3 0.53 6.4 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Respect for due process 6.4 0.32 6.5 0.55 Respect for due process No expropriation w/out adequate compensation 6.5 0.43 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 97 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Lebanon Income Group: Upper Middle Liberia Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 6/8 37/42 96/128 Government 0.45 15/31 8/19 98/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.02 -4 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 -0.02 4/8 22/42 76/128 0.52 -0.01 13/31 7/19 70/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.03 8/8 38/42 101/128 Absence of Corruption 0.32 0.00 23/31 14/19 112/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.40 -0.03 4/8 37/42 101/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.47 -0.02 9/31 4/19 75/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 -0.02 2/8 32/42 88/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.00 12/31 6/19 75/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.66 0.02 7/8 29/42 92/128 Order and Security 0.61 0.00 23/31 14/19 111/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.01 7/8 35/42 92/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 18/31 10/19 102/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.42 -0.02 7/8 39/42 110/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 22/31 11/19 106/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.35 -0.03 8/8 35/42 100/128 Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.01 25/31 14/19 111/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.71 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.50 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.48 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.46 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.41 1.2 0.52 4.2 0.52 7.2 0.51 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.35 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.36 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.55 4.5 0.47 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.39 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.41 1.6 0.65 4.6 0.44 7.6 0.43 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.60 7.7 0.54 4.7 0.65 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.34 2.1 0.31 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.44 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.33 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.42 2.3 0.41 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.30 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.16 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.12 5.3 0.35 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.37 3.1 0.24 3.1 0.18 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.28 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.38 3.3 0.50 6.2 0.46 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.43 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.39 3.4 0.65 6.3 0.41 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.53 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.39 6.5 0.41 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

98 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Lebanon Income Group: Upper Middle LiberiaLiberia Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 6/8 37/42 96/128 Government 0.45 15/31 8/19 98/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.02 -4 8.3 1.6 -0.01 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 -0.02 4/8 22/42 76/128 0.52 -0.01 13/31 7/19 70/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.36 -0.03 8/8 38/42 101/128 Absence of Corruption 0.32 0.00 23/31 14/19 112/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.40 -0.03 4/8 37/42 101/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.47 -0.02 9/31 4/19 75/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.50 -0.02 2/8 32/42 88/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.00 12/31 6/19 75/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.66 0.02 7/8 29/42 92/128 Order and Security 0.61 0.00 23/31 14/19 111/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.01 7/8 35/42 92/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 18/31 10/19 102/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.42 -0.02 7/8 39/42 110/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 22/31 11/19 106/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.35 -0.03 8/8 35/42 100/128 Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.01 25/31 14/19 111/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.71 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.50 1.1 0.54 4.1 0.48 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.46 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.41 1.2 0.52 4.2 0.52 7.2 0.51 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.35 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.36 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.55 4.5 0.47 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.39 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.41 1.6 0.65 4.6 0.44 7.6 0.43 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.60 7.7 0.54 4.7 0.65 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.34 2.1 0.31 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.44 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.33 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.52 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.42 2.3 0.41 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.30 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.16 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.12 5.3 0.35 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.37 3.1 0.24 3.1 0.18 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.28 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.38 3.3 0.50 6.2 0.46 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.43 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.39 3.4 0.65 6.3 0.41 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.53 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.39 6.5 0.41 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 99 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar Income Group: Low Malawi Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 20/31 12/19 105/128 Government 0.52 8/31 3/19 65/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 4 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 0.02 18/31 11/19 93/128 0.56 0.00 10/31 5/19 57/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.01 28/31 17/19 123/128 Absence of Corruption 0.41 -0.01 13/31 7/19 87/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.00 10/31 5/19 79/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.43 0.00 13/31 7/19 89/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.00 17/31 12/19 92/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.58 -0.01 7/31 1/19 58/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.01 10/31 7/19 71/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.01 14/31 9/19 79/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.03 27/31 16/19 120/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.00 14/31 8/19 90/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.43 0.03 23/31 12/19 107/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.56 0.02 8/31 2/19 55/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 21/31 10/19 96/128 Criminal Justice 0.46 0.01 8/31 3/19 59/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.47 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.41 1.1 0.56 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.47 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.38 7.2 0.48 1.2 0.64 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.60 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.45 4.3 0.34 7.3 0.31 1.3 0.53 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.49 7.4 0.37 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.58 7.4 0.71 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.49 4.5 0.59 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.58 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.49 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.25 7.6 0.42 1.6 0.60 4.6 0.54 7.6 0.58 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.54 7.7 0.53 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.59 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.53 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.28 8.1 0.34 2.2 0.53 8.1 0.36 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.35 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.48 2.3 0.41 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.51 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.21 2.4 0.35 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.43 5.3 0.36 8.4 0.54 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.34 8.5 0.47 3.1 0.34 3.1 0.17 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.35 8.6 0.64 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.33 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.34 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.49 6.2 0.35 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.39 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.58 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.53 6.3 0.33 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.31 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.45 6.5 0.61 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

100 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar Income Group: Low MalawiMalawi Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 20/31 12/19 105/128 Government 0.52 8/31 3/19 65/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 4 8.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 0.02 18/31 11/19 93/128 0.56 0.00 10/31 5/19 57/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 0.01 28/31 17/19 123/128 Absence of Corruption 0.41 -0.01 13/31 7/19 87/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.00 10/31 5/19 79/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.43 0.00 13/31 7/19 89/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.47 0.00 17/31 12/19 92/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.58 -0.01 7/31 1/19 58/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.01 10/31 7/19 71/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.01 14/31 9/19 79/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.03 27/31 16/19 120/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.00 14/31 8/19 90/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.43 0.03 23/31 12/19 107/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.56 0.02 8/31 2/19 55/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.01 21/31 10/19 96/128 Criminal Justice 0.46 0.01 8/31 3/19 59/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.47 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.41 1.1 0.56 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.47 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.38 7.2 0.48 1.2 0.64 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.60 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.45 4.3 0.34 7.3 0.31 1.3 0.53 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.48 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.49 7.4 0.37 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.58 7.4 0.71 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.49 4.5 0.59 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.58 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.49 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.25 7.6 0.42 1.6 0.60 4.6 0.54 7.6 0.58 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.54 7.7 0.53 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.59 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.53 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.28 8.1 0.34 2.2 0.53 8.1 0.36 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.35 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.48 2.3 0.41 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.51 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.21 2.4 0.35 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.43 5.3 0.36 8.4 0.54 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.34 8.5 0.47 3.1 0.34 3.1 0.17 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.35 8.6 0.64 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.33 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.34 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.49 6.2 0.35 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.39 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.58 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.53 6.3 0.33 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.31 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.45 6.5 0.61 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 101 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Malaysia Income Group: Upper Middle Mali Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 7/15 12/42 47/128 Government 0.44 21/31 13/19 106/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.03 4 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 0.05* 8/15 12/42 50/128 0.47 -0.01 17/31 10/19 86/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.60 0.01 7/15 8/42 41/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.03 21/31 13/19 107/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.42 0.04 13/15 34/42 95/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.46 0.02 11/31 6/19 83/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.04* 9/15 29/42 80/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 11/31 5/19 71/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 7/15 5/42 34/128 Order and Security 0.51 -0.1* 28/31 17/19 122/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.04* 7/15 7/42 40/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 -0.05 10/31 4/19 70/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.63 0.03* 7/15 5/42 35/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.42 -0.01 26/31 15/19 111/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.56 0.01 7/15 6/42 38/128 Criminal Justice 0.30 0.02 29/31 18/19 120/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Malaysia East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.59 4.1 0.64 7.1 0.40 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.62 4.2 0.55 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.42 7.2 0.45 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.60 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.37 4.3 0.37 7.3 0.14 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.58 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.54 1.4 0.28 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.42 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.44 7.5 0.71 1.5 0.55 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.61 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.60 1.6 0.59 4.6 0.31 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.47 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.50 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.63 4.8 0.69 2.1 0.57 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.76 8.1 0.62 2.2 0.24 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.62 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.35 5.1 0.63 8.2 0.30 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.55 2.4 0.37 5.2 0.48 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.61 8.4 0.48 5.3 0.42 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.27 3.1 0.33 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.25 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.37 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.70 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.51 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.44 6.3 0.57 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.39 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.59 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

102 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Malaysia Income Group: Upper Middle MaliMali Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 7/15 12/42 47/128 Government 0.44 21/31 13/19 106/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.03 4 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.58 0.05* 8/15 12/42 50/128 0.47 -0.01 17/31 10/19 86/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.60 0.01 7/15 8/42 41/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.03 21/31 13/19 107/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.42 0.04 13/15 34/42 95/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.46 0.02 11/31 6/19 83/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 0.04* 9/15 29/42 80/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 11/31 5/19 71/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 7/15 5/42 34/128 Order and Security 0.51 -0.1* 28/31 17/19 122/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.04* 7/15 7/42 40/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 -0.05 10/31 4/19 70/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.63 0.03* 7/15 5/42 35/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.42 -0.01 26/31 15/19 111/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.56 0.01 7/15 6/42 38/128 Criminal Justice 0.30 0.02 29/31 18/19 120/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Malaysia East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.59 4.1 0.64 7.1 0.40 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.62 4.2 0.55 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.42 7.2 0.45 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.60 4.3 0.58 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.37 4.3 0.37 7.3 0.14 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.58 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.54 1.4 0.28 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.42 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.44 7.5 0.71 1.5 0.55 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.61 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.60 1.6 0.59 4.6 0.31 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.47 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.50 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.63 4.8 0.69 2.1 0.57 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.76 8.1 0.62 2.2 0.24 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.62 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.60 2.3 0.35 5.1 0.63 8.2 0.30 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.55 2.4 0.37 5.2 0.48 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.61 8.4 0.48 5.3 0.42 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.27 3.1 0.33 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.25 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.58 8.7 0.37 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.70 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.51 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.44 6.3 0.57 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.39 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.59 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.62 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 103 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania Income Group: Lower Middle Mauritius Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 29/31 27/30 123/128 Government 0.61 3/31 6/42 38/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 0.03 30/31 26/30 121/128 0.60 0.00 7/31 9/42 47/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.29 -0.02 25/31 26/30 119/128 Absence of Corruption 0.59 0.00 3/31 10/42 43/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.27 0.01 31/31 29/30 127/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.54 0.00 4/31 14/42 50/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.40 0.02 26/31 21/30 113/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 -0.01 3/31 9/42 43/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.00 18/31 19/30 95/128 Order and Security 0.75 -0.01 3/31 15/42 51/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.28 0.02 31/31 29/30 126/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.63 0.00 1/31 2/42 27/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.36 0.04 30/31 28/30 124/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 0.00 3/31 3/42 31/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.30 0.00 28/31 24/30 117/128 Criminal Justice 0.53 0.01 4/31 10/42 43/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.34 4.1 0.41 7.1 0.39 1.1 0.63 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.22 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.28 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.72 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.35 4.3 0.37 7.3 0.23 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.29 4.4 0.35 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.52 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.73 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.35 4.5 0.27 7.5 0.49 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.78 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.43 4.6 0.36 7.6 0.32 1.6 0.72 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.64 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.57 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.69 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.61 2.1 0.27 2.1 0.60 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.37 8.1 0.27 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.41 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.29 5.1 0.61 8.2 0.49 2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.26 2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.51 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.44 8.4 0.53 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.31 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.16 8.6 0.65 3.2 0.28 6.1 0.25 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.69 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.37 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.37 6.2 0.31 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.25 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.54 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.17 6.4 0.56 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.30 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

104 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania Income Group: Lower Middle MauritiusMauritius Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 29/31 27/30 123/128 Government 0.61 3/31 6/42 38/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 1 8.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 0.03 30/31 26/30 121/128 0.60 0.00 7/31 9/42 47/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.29 -0.02 25/31 26/30 119/128 Absence of Corruption 0.59 0.00 3/31 10/42 43/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.27 0.01 31/31 29/30 127/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.54 0.00 4/31 14/42 50/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.40 0.02 26/31 21/30 113/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 -0.01 3/31 9/42 43/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.00 18/31 19/30 95/128 Order and Security 0.75 -0.01 3/31 15/42 51/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.28 0.02 31/31 29/30 126/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.63 0.00 1/31 2/42 27/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.36 0.04 30/31 28/30 124/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 0.00 3/31 3/42 31/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.30 0.00 28/31 24/30 117/128 Criminal Justice 0.53 0.01 4/31 10/42 43/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.34 4.1 0.41 7.1 0.39 1.1 0.63 4.1 0.59 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.22 4.2 0.48 7.2 0.28 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.70 7.2 0.72 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.35 4.3 0.37 7.3 0.23 1.3 0.44 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.29 4.4 0.35 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.52 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.73 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.35 4.5 0.27 7.5 0.49 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.78 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.43 4.6 0.36 7.6 0.32 1.6 0.72 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.64 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.57 4.7 0.66 7.7 0.69 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.61 2.1 0.27 2.1 0.60 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.37 8.1 0.27 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.41 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.29 5.1 0.61 8.2 0.49 2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.41 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.26 2.4 0.33 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.51 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.44 8.4 0.53 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.31 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.16 8.6 0.65 3.2 0.28 6.1 0.25 3.2 0.42 6.1 0.69 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.37 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.37 6.2 0.31 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.25 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.54 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.17 6.4 0.56 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.30 6.5 0.59 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 105 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Mexico Income Group: Upper Middle Moldova Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 26/30 39/42 104/128 Government 0.5 10/14 9/30 82/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.6 0.01 3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 -0.01 25/30 30/42 89/128 0.46 0.03* 6/14 15/30 92/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 -0.02 29/30 42/42 121/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.02 12/14 19/30 106/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.60 0.00 7/30 7/42 36/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.55 0.00 4/14 3/30 48/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 -0.02 24/30 28/42 78/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 8/14 6/30 68/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.53 -0.03* 29/30 41/42 121/128 Order and Security 0.80 0.00 4/14 2/30 31/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 -0.01 23/30 34/42 91/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 13/14 18/30 101/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.39 -0.01 26/30 40/42 116/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 11/14 12/30 86/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.30 0.00 26/30 41/42 119/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 11/14 15/30 89/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Moldova Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.38 7.1 0.41 1.1 0.60 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.46 7.2 0.29 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.68 7.2 0.44 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.32 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.33 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.27 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.44 1.4 0.31 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.35 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.75 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.51 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.48 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.60 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.50 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.62 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.66 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.33 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.19 2.2 0.39 8.1 0.27 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.32 5.1 0.36 8.2 0.34 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.22 2.4 0.13 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.37 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.24 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.58 8.4 0.42 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.28 8.5 0.36 3.1 0.67 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.20 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.53 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.51 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.42 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.33 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.46 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.35 6.4 0.34 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.41 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

106 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Mexico Income Group: Upper Middle MoldovaMoldova Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.44 26/30 39/42 104/128 Government 0.5 10/14 9/30 82/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 0.01 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.46 -0.01 25/30 30/42 89/128 0.46 0.03* 6/14 15/30 92/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.27 -0.02 29/30 42/42 121/128 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.02 12/14 19/30 106/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.60 0.00 7/30 7/42 36/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.55 0.00 4/14 3/30 48/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.52 -0.02 24/30 28/42 78/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.01 8/14 6/30 68/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.53 -0.03* 29/30 41/42 121/128 Order and Security 0.80 0.00 4/14 2/30 31/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 -0.01 23/30 34/42 91/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 13/14 18/30 101/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.39 -0.01 26/30 40/42 116/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 11/14 12/30 86/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.30 0.00 26/30 41/42 119/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 0.02 11/14 15/30 89/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Moldova Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.38 7.1 0.41 1.1 0.60 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.50 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.46 7.2 0.29 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.68 7.2 0.44 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.32 1.3 0.46 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.33 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.27 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.44 1.4 0.31 4.4 0.51 7.4 0.35 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.51 4.5 0.75 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.51 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.48 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.60 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.50 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.62 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.66 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.50 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.33 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.32 8.1 0.19 2.2 0.39 8.1 0.27 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.32 5.1 0.36 8.2 0.34 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.22 2.4 0.13 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.37 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.24 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.58 8.4 0.42 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.28 8.5 0.36 3.1 0.67 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.20 3.2 0.59 6.1 0.53 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.51 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.42 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.62 6.3 0.33 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.46 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.35 6.4 0.34 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.41 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 107 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Mongolia Income Group: Lower Middle Morocco Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 8/15 4/30 57/128 Government 0.5 4/8 8/30 79/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 -0.01 9/15 6/30 65/128 0.51 -0.02 3/8 8/30 74/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.02 12/15 7/30 83/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 5/8 5/30 73/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 -0.02 10/15 10/30 70/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.44 0.00 2/8 13/30 86/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 -0.01 7/15 4/30 61/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.45 0.00 6/8 16/30 103/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 10/15 4/30 45/128 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 6/8 13/30 83/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.02 11/15 10/30 82/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.02 3/8 2/30 46/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 9/15 7/30 68/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.00 5/8 4/30 60/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.49 -0.01 8/15 2/30 52/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 5/8 12/30 83/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mongolia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.67 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.53 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.50 4.2 0.63 7.2 0.53 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.35 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.50 7.3 0.49 1.3 0.45 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.47 1.4 0.46 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.62 4.5 0.62 7.5 0.59 1.5 0.46 4.5 0.44 7.5 0.64 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.55 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.46 1.6 0.57 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.49 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.49 7.7 0.65 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.48 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.48 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.45 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.52 2.4 0.39 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.33 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.55 8.5 0.39 3.1 0.39 3.1 0.37 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.34 8.6 0.23 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.47 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.50 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.47 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.57 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.47 6.3 0.53 3.4 0.47 6.3 0.53 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.33 6.4 0.53 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.44 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

108 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Middle East & North Africa Mongolia Income Group: Lower Middle MoroccoMorocco Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 8/15 4/30 57/128 Government 0.5 4/8 8/30 79/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 0.00 -3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 -0.01 9/15 6/30 65/128 0.51 -0.02 3/8 8/30 74/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 -0.02 12/15 7/30 83/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 5/8 5/30 73/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 -0.02 10/15 10/30 70/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.44 0.00 2/8 13/30 86/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 -0.01 7/15 4/30 61/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.45 0.00 6/8 16/30 103/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 10/15 4/30 45/128 Order and Security 0.68 -0.01 6/8 13/30 83/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.02 11/15 10/30 82/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.02 3/8 2/30 46/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.53 -0.01 9/15 7/30 68/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.00 5/8 4/30 60/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.49 -0.01 8/15 2/30 52/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 5/8 12/30 83/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mongolia East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.67 4.1 0.55 7.1 0.53 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.50 4.2 0.63 7.2 0.53 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.35 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.50 7.3 0.49 1.3 0.45 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.47 1.4 0.46 4.4 0.46 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.62 4.5 0.62 7.5 0.59 1.5 0.46 4.5 0.44 7.5 0.64 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.55 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.46 1.6 0.57 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.49 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.67 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.49 7.7 0.65 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.53 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.48 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.45 8.1 0.48 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.63 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.57 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.65 8.2 0.45 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.15 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.52 2.4 0.39 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.47 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.33 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.55 8.5 0.39 3.1 0.39 3.1 0.37 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.34 8.6 0.23 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.47 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.50 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.60 6.2 0.47 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.57 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.47 6.3 0.53 3.4 0.47 6.3 0.53 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.33 6.4 0.53 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.44 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 109 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: East Asia & Paci�c Mozambique Income Group: Low Myanmar Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 25/31 15/19 113/128 Government 0.42 14/15 20/30 112/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 -0.02 20/31 13/19 101/128 0.45 0.00 13/15 18/30 98/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.37 0.00 18/31 11/19 99/128 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 10/15 3/30 63/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.35 -0.02 24/31 15/19 115/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.37 0.02 14/15 23/30 109/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 -0.01 24/31 16/19 109/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.31 0.00 14/15 29/30 125/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.55 -0.07* 27/31 16/19 120/128 Order and Security 0.65 0.00 14/15 18/30 94/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 0.02 22/31 12/19 112/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.46 0.00 13/15 11/30 87/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 17/31 8/19 94/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.37 0.01 14/15 27/30 122/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 -0.01 24/31 13/19 108/128 Criminal Justice 0.27 -0.02 14/15 26/30 122/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low Myanmar East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.42 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.37 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.26 7.2 0.52 1.2 0.44 4.2 0.16 7.2 0.26 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.25 7.3 0.43 1.3 0.38 4.3 0.18 7.3 0.34 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.34 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.38 7.4 0.24 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.41 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.38 4.5 0.28 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.39 4.6 0.26 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.62 4.6 0.17 7.6 0.42 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.46 7.7 0.61 4.7 0.39 7.7 0.51 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.46 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.32 2.1 0.56 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.37 8.1 0.23 2.2 0.27 8.1 0.39 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.44 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.29 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.34 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.33 5.2 0.81 8.3 0.11 2.4 0.57 5.2 0.63 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.25 8.4 0.52 5.3 0.50 8.4 0.16 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.40 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.50 8.6 0.14 3.2 0.32 6.1 0.42 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.25 8.7 0.18 3.3 0.43 6.2 0.47 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.63 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.47 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.52 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.28 6.4 0.29 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.37 6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

110 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: East Asia & Paci�c Mozambique Income Group: Low MyanmarMyanmar Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.41 25/31 15/19 113/128 Government 0.42 14/15 20/30 112/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 -0.02 20/31 13/19 101/128 0.45 0.00 13/15 18/30 98/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.37 0.00 18/31 11/19 99/128 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 10/15 3/30 63/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.35 -0.02 24/31 15/19 115/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.37 0.02 14/15 23/30 109/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 -0.01 24/31 16/19 109/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.31 0.00 14/15 29/30 125/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.55 -0.07* 27/31 16/19 120/128 Order and Security 0.65 0.00 14/15 18/30 94/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.40 0.02 22/31 12/19 112/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.46 0.00 13/15 11/30 87/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.00 17/31 8/19 94/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.37 0.01 14/15 27/30 122/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 -0.01 24/31 13/19 108/128 Criminal Justice 0.27 -0.02 14/15 26/30 122/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low Myanmar East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.42 4.1 0.42 7.1 0.37 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.42 4.2 0.26 7.2 0.52 1.2 0.44 4.2 0.16 7.2 0.26 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.44 4.3 0.25 7.3 0.43 1.3 0.38 4.3 0.18 7.3 0.34 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.34 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.38 7.4 0.24 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.41 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.36 1.5 0.38 4.5 0.28 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.39 4.6 0.26 7.6 0.50 1.6 0.62 4.6 0.17 7.6 0.42 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.46 7.7 0.61 4.7 0.39 7.7 0.51 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.46 4.8 0.48 2.1 0.32 2.1 0.56 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.37 8.1 0.23 2.2 0.27 8.1 0.39 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.44 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.29 2.3 0.44 5.1 0.83 8.2 0.34 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.33 5.2 0.81 8.3 0.11 2.4 0.57 5.2 0.63 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.25 8.4 0.52 5.3 0.50 8.4 0.16 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.40 3.1 0.17 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.50 8.6 0.14 3.2 0.32 6.1 0.42 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.25 8.7 0.18 3.3 0.43 6.2 0.47 3.3 0.44 6.2 0.63 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.47 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.52 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.28 6.4 0.29 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.37 6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 111 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: South Asia Namibia Income Group: Upper Middle Nepal Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 1/31 4/42 35/128 Government 0.53 1/6 2/19 61/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.69 0.01 1/31 2/42 25/128 0.60 0.00 2/6 3/19 46/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.53 0.00 5/31 14/42 50/128 Absence of Corruption 0.41 -0.02 3/6 8/19 88/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.58 0.00 3/31 8/42 40/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.52 0.00 2/6 2/19 58/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.66 0.00 1/31 5/42 34/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.52 -0.02 2/6 7/19 76/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.74 0.00 4/31 20/42 60/128 Order and Security 0.73 0.00 1/6 4/19 62/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.58 0.00 4/31 6/42 38/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.01 1/6 2/19 62/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.67 0.00 1/31 2/42 26/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 1/6 5/19 82/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 0.01 2/31 7/42 39/128 Criminal Justice 0.44 -0.01 2/6 4/19 67/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Nepal South Asia Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.75 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.75 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.46 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.78 4.2 0.75 7.2 0.65 1.2 0.62 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.44 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.55 7.3 0.82 1.3 0.49 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.42 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.62 4.4 0.74 7.4 0.79 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.74 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.45 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.53 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.74 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.70 1.6 0.66 4.6 0.34 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.76 7.7 0.73 4.7 0.64 7.7 0.56 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.62 4.8 0.61 2.1 0.46 2.1 0.46 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.86 8.1 0.37 2.2 0.40 8.1 0.49 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.69 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.58 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.29 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.48 2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.52 8.4 0.65 5.3 0.41 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.50 3.1 0.33 3.1 0.31 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.80 8.6 0.40 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.48 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.55 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.72 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.58 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.72 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.50 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.57 6.4 0.48 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.65 6.5 0.51 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

112 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: South Asia Namibia Income Group: Upper Middle NepalNepal Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 1/31 4/42 35/128 Government 0.53 1/6 2/19 61/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.69 0.01 1/31 2/42 25/128 0.60 0.00 2/6 3/19 46/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.53 0.00 5/31 14/42 50/128 Absence of Corruption 0.41 -0.02 3/6 8/19 88/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.58 0.00 3/31 8/42 40/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.52 0.00 2/6 2/19 58/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.66 0.00 1/31 5/42 34/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.52 -0.02 2/6 7/19 76/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.74 0.00 4/31 20/42 60/128 Order and Security 0.73 0.00 1/6 4/19 62/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.58 0.00 4/31 6/42 38/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.01 1/6 2/19 62/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.67 0.00 1/31 2/42 26/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 1/6 5/19 82/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 0.01 2/31 7/42 39/128 Criminal Justice 0.44 -0.01 2/6 4/19 67/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Nepal South Asia Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.75 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.75 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.46 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.78 4.2 0.75 7.2 0.65 1.2 0.62 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.44 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.55 7.3 0.82 1.3 0.49 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.42 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.62 4.4 0.74 7.4 0.79 1.4 0.45 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.74 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.45 1.5 0.63 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.53 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.74 4.6 0.56 7.6 0.70 1.6 0.66 4.6 0.34 7.6 0.44 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.76 7.7 0.73 4.7 0.64 7.7 0.56 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.62 4.8 0.61 2.1 0.46 2.1 0.46 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.86 8.1 0.37 2.2 0.40 8.1 0.49 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.69 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.58 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.29 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.48 2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.52 8.4 0.65 5.3 0.41 8.4 0.34 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.65 8.5 0.50 3.1 0.33 3.1 0.31 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.80 8.6 0.40 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.48 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.55 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.72 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.58 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.72 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.50 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.57 6.4 0.48 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.65 6.5 0.51 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 113 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: East Asia & Paci�c Netherlands Income Group: High New Zealand Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.84 5/24 5/37 5/128 Government 0.83 1/15 7/37 7/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.86 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 0.85 0.00 1/15 7/37 7/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.88 0.00 5/24 6/37 6/128 Absence of Corruption 0.87 0.00 2/15 7/37 7/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.82 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.82 0.00 1/15 6/37 6/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.84 0.00 7/24 7/37 7/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.81 0.00 1/15 11/37 11/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.85 0.00 13/24 19/37 20/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 4/15 13/37 14/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 -0.01 5/24 7/37 7/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 0.00 2/15 5/37 5/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.85 -0.01 3/24 3/37 3/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.78 0.01 3/15 10/37 10/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.76 -0.01 7/24 8/37 8/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 0.00 4/15 13/37 13/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Netherlands EU & EFTA & North America High New Zealand East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.80 1.1 0.85 4.1 0.72 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.85 4.2 0.93 7.2 0.90 1.2 0.87 4.2 0.92 7.2 0.74 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.88 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.93 1.3 0.82 4.3 0.77 7.3 0.94 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.84 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.88 1.4 0.81 4.4 0.83 7.4 0.86 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.85 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.67 1.5 0.83 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.74 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.90 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.91 1.6 0.93 4.6 0.81 7.6 0.69 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.86 7.7 0.84 4.7 0.83 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.82 4.8 0.75 2.1 0.84 2.1 0.86 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.56 2.2 0.96 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.91 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.92 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.73 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.80 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.77 2.4 0.76 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.65 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.64 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.79 8.4 0.56 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.89 8.5 0.89 3.1 0.79 3.1 0.85 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.86 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.77 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.83 8.7 0.77 3.3 0.84 6.2 0.89 3.3 0.83 6.2 0.95 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.92 6.3 0.84 3.4 0.84 6.3 0.82 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.83 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.91 6.5 0.83 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

114 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: East Asia & Paci�c Netherlands Income Group: High NewNew ZealandZealand Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.84 5/24 5/37 5/128 Government 0.83 1/15 7/37 7/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.86 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 0.85 0.00 1/15 7/37 7/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.88 0.00 5/24 6/37 6/128 Absence of Corruption 0.87 0.00 2/15 7/37 7/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.82 0.00 5/24 5/37 5/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.82 0.00 1/15 6/37 6/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.84 0.00 7/24 7/37 7/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.81 0.00 1/15 11/37 11/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.85 0.00 13/24 19/37 20/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 4/15 13/37 14/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 -0.01 5/24 7/37 7/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.85 0.00 2/15 5/37 5/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.85 -0.01 3/24 3/37 3/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.78 0.01 3/15 10/37 10/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.76 -0.01 7/24 8/37 8/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 0.00 4/15 13/37 13/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Netherlands EU & EFTA & North America High New Zealand East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.80 1.1 0.85 4.1 0.72 7.1 0.72 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.85 4.2 0.93 7.2 0.90 1.2 0.87 4.2 0.92 7.2 0.74 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.88 4.3 0.83 7.3 0.93 1.3 0.82 4.3 0.77 7.3 0.94 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.84 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.88 1.4 0.81 4.4 0.83 7.4 0.86 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.85 4.5 0.79 7.5 0.67 1.5 0.83 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.74 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.90 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.91 1.6 0.93 4.6 0.81 7.6 0.69 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.86 7.7 0.84 4.7 0.83 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.82 4.8 0.75 2.1 0.84 2.1 0.86 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.56 2.2 0.96 8.1 0.60 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.91 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.92 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.73 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.80 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.77 2.4 0.76 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.65 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.64 8.4 0.70 5.3 0.79 8.4 0.56 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.89 8.5 0.89 3.1 0.79 3.1 0.85 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.86 8.6 0.86 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.77 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.83 8.7 0.77 3.3 0.84 6.2 0.89 3.3 0.83 6.2 0.95 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.92 6.3 0.84 3.4 0.84 6.3 0.82 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.83 6.4 0.88 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.91 6.5 0.83 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 115 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Nicaragua Income Group: Lower Middle Niger Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 28/30 23/30 118/128 Government 0.45 19/31 11/19 103/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.26 -0.01 29/30 30/30 127/128 0.40 -0.02 24/31 15/19 106/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.00 24/30 18/30 105/128 Absence of Corruption 0.40 -0.03 14/31 9/19 90/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 -0.01 29/30 22/30 108/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.35 0.00 25/31 16/19 116/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.37 -0.02 29/30 24/30 116/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.49 0.00 16/31 11/19 89/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.01 10/30 8/30 73/128 Order and Security 0.64 -0.08* 19/31 11/19 99/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 -0.03 25/30 19/30 104/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.03 13/31 7/19 80/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.38 -0.03 27/30 26/30 120/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.02 19/31 9/19 102/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.29 0.01 27/30 25/30 121/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.04 16/31 8/19 84/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.33 4.1 0.40 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.51 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.43 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.33 4.2 0.34 7.2 0.37 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.41 7.2 0.43 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.16 4.3 0.29 7.3 0.37 1.3 0.29 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.46 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.17 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.14 1.4 0.29 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.27 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.36 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.35 1.5 0.41 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.23 4.6 0.15 7.6 0.41 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.45 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.35 7.7 0.52 4.7 0.56 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.48 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.38 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.28 8.1 0.33 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.29 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.49 5.1 0.68 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.47 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.40 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 0.95 8.3 0.25 2.4 0.28 5.2 0.69 8.3 0.32 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.46 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.55 8.4 0.48 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.35 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.04 8.6 0.31 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.43 3.2 0.29 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.29 8.7 0.41 3.3 0.36 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.56 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.45 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.24 6.4 0.36 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.42 6.5 0.48 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

116 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Nicaragua Income Group: Lower Middle NigerNiger Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 28/30 23/30 118/128 Government 0.45 19/31 11/19 103/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.26 -0.01 29/30 30/30 127/128 0.40 -0.02 24/31 15/19 106/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.34 0.00 24/30 18/30 105/128 Absence of Corruption 0.40 -0.03 14/31 9/19 90/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.37 -0.01 29/30 22/30 108/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.35 0.00 25/31 16/19 116/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.37 -0.02 29/30 24/30 116/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.49 0.00 16/31 11/19 89/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.70 -0.01 10/30 8/30 73/128 Order and Security 0.64 -0.08* 19/31 11/19 99/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 -0.03 25/30 19/30 104/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.03 13/31 7/19 80/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.38 -0.03 27/30 26/30 120/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 0.02 19/31 9/19 102/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.29 0.01 27/30 25/30 121/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.04 16/31 8/19 84/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.33 4.1 0.40 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.51 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.43 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.33 4.2 0.34 7.2 0.37 1.2 0.43 4.2 0.41 7.2 0.43 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.16 4.3 0.29 7.3 0.37 1.3 0.29 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.46 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.17 4.4 0.36 7.4 0.14 1.4 0.29 4.4 0.41 7.4 0.27 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.36 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.35 1.5 0.41 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.47 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.23 4.6 0.15 7.6 0.41 1.6 0.46 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.45 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.35 7.7 0.52 4.7 0.56 7.7 0.62 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.48 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.39 2.1 0.38 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.28 8.1 0.33 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.29 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.49 5.1 0.68 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.47 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.40 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 0.95 8.3 0.25 2.4 0.28 5.2 0.69 8.3 0.32 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.46 8.4 0.27 5.3 0.55 8.4 0.48 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.41 8.5 0.44 3.1 0.35 3.1 0.20 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.04 8.6 0.31 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.43 3.2 0.29 6.1 0.50 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.29 8.7 0.41 3.3 0.36 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.56 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.53 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.45 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.24 6.4 0.36 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.42 6.5 0.48 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 117 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Nigeria Income Group: Lower Middle North Macedonia Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 22/31 18/30 108/128 Government 0.53 3/14 18/42 58/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 -0.01 12/31 7/30 68/128 0.47 0.00 4/14 28/42 87/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.33 -0.01 22/31 20/30 109/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 -0.02 6/14 27/42 70/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.00 14/31 18/30 94/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.48 -0.01 7/14 25/42 71/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 20/31 13/30 99/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.02 6/14 18/42 55/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.35 0.00 31/31 30/30 127/128 Order and Security 0.79 0.01 5/14 4/42 32/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 17/31 16/30 99/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.00 6/14 26/42 76/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.01 11/31 10/30 75/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.55 -0.01 3/14 18/42 57/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.40 -0.03 13/31 8/30 76/128 Criminal Justice 0.45 -0.02 6/14 22/42 63/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle North Macedonia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.68 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.61 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.27 7.2 0.57 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.68 7.2 0.66 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.47 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.49 1.3 0.48 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.36 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.46 4.4 0.50 7.4 0.50 1.4 0.34 4.4 0.50 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.50 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.23 1.5 0.50 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.51 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.37 7.6 0.43 1.6 0.53 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.63 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.61 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.49 8.1 0.40 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.45 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.35 5.1 0.55 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.49 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.17 5.2 0.08 8.3 0.34 2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.43 8.4 0.51 5.3 0.60 8.4 0.46 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.35 8.5 0.51 3.1 0.20 3.1 0.49 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.47 8.6 0.33 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.40 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.45 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.51 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.48 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.34 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.54 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.56 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

118 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Nigeria Income Group: Lower Middle NorthNorth Macedonia Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.43 22/31 18/30 108/128 Government 0.53 3/14 18/42 58/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.53 -0.01 12/31 7/30 68/128 0.47 0.00 4/14 28/42 87/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.33 -0.01 22/31 20/30 109/128 Absence of Corruption 0.44 -0.02 6/14 27/42 70/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.43 0.00 14/31 18/30 94/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.48 -0.01 7/14 25/42 71/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 20/31 13/30 99/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.02 6/14 18/42 55/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.35 0.00 31/31 30/30 127/128 Order and Security 0.79 0.01 5/14 4/42 32/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 17/31 16/30 99/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.00 6/14 26/42 76/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.01 11/31 10/30 75/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.55 -0.01 3/14 18/42 57/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.40 -0.03 13/31 8/30 76/128 Criminal Justice 0.45 -0.02 6/14 22/42 63/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle North Macedonia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.68 4.1 0.53 7.1 0.61 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.61 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.27 7.2 0.57 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.68 7.2 0.66 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.47 4.3 0.35 7.3 0.49 1.3 0.48 4.3 0.56 7.3 0.36 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.46 4.4 0.50 7.4 0.50 1.4 0.34 4.4 0.50 7.4 0.39 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.50 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.23 1.5 0.50 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.51 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.51 4.6 0.37 7.6 0.43 1.6 0.53 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.63 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.66 4.7 0.61 7.7 0.71 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.31 2.1 0.39 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.49 8.1 0.40 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.45 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.35 5.1 0.55 8.2 0.38 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.49 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.17 5.2 0.08 8.3 0.34 2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.43 8.4 0.51 5.3 0.60 8.4 0.46 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.35 8.5 0.51 3.1 0.20 3.1 0.49 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.47 8.6 0.33 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.40 3.2 0.49 6.1 0.45 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.35 8.7 0.56 3.3 0.52 6.2 0.51 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.48 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.34 3.4 0.44 6.3 0.54 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.49 6.5 0.56 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 119 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: South Asia Norway Income Group: High Pakistan Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.89 2/24 2/37 2/128 Government 0.39 5/6 25/30 120/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.94 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 0.49 -0.03 4/6 12/30 79/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.94 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Absence of Corruption 0.31 -0.01 5/6 25/30 116/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.89 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.43 -0.02 4/6 16/30 91/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.91 0.01 2/24 2/37 2/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.38 0.00 5/6 23/30 115/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 2/24 4/37 4/128 Order and Security 0.37 0.01 5/6 29/30 126/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.87 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 0.01 5/6 25/30 115/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.85 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.38 0.01 4/6 24/30 118/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.83 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Criminal Justice 0.35 0.00 4/6 19/30 98/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Norway EU & EFTA & North America High Pakistan South Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.96 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.70 1.1 0.56 4.1 0.37 7.1 0.39 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.95 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.78 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.23 7.2 0.39 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.89 4.3 0.89 7.3 0.96 1.3 0.45 4.3 0.31 7.3 0.36 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.90 4.4 0.95 7.4 0.93 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.49 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.95 4.5 0.88 7.5 0.79 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.47 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.98 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.89 1.6 0.51 4.6 0.20 7.6 0.30 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.96 7.7 0.90 4.7 0.58 7.7 0.46 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.92 4.8 0.31 2.1 0.92 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.61 2.2 0.38 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.96 5.1 0.96 8.2 0.77 2.3 0.29 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.91 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.91 2.4 0.21 5.2 0.19 8.3 0.33 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.82 8.4 0.76 5.3 0.34 8.4 0.28 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.94 8.5 0.40 3.1 0.88 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.95 8.6 0.50 3.2 0.88 6.1 0.84 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.89 8.7 0.31 3.3 0.92 6.2 0.99 3.3 0.55 6.2 0.49 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.86 6.3 0.81 3.4 0.52 6.3 0.38 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.84 6.4 0.18 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.90 6.5 0.51 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

120 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: South Asia Norway Income Group: High PakistanPakistan Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.89 2/24 2/37 2/128 Government 0.39 5/6 25/30 120/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.94 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 0.49 -0.03 4/6 12/30 79/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.94 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Absence of Corruption 0.31 -0.01 5/6 25/30 116/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.89 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.43 -0.02 4/6 16/30 91/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.91 0.01 2/24 2/37 2/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.38 0.00 5/6 23/30 115/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 2/24 4/37 4/128 Order and Security 0.37 0.01 5/6 29/30 126/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.87 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.39 0.01 5/6 25/30 115/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.85 0.00 2/24 2/37 2/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.38 0.01 4/6 24/30 118/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.83 0.00 1/24 1/37 1/128 Criminal Justice 0.35 0.00 4/6 19/30 98/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Norway EU & EFTA & North America High Pakistan South Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.96 4.1 0.82 7.1 0.70 1.1 0.56 4.1 0.37 7.1 0.39 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.95 4.2 0.94 7.2 0.78 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.23 7.2 0.39 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.89 4.3 0.89 7.3 0.96 1.3 0.45 4.3 0.31 7.3 0.36 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.90 4.4 0.95 7.4 0.93 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.49 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.95 4.5 0.88 7.5 0.79 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.47 7.5 0.29 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.98 4.6 0.90 7.6 0.89 1.6 0.51 4.6 0.20 7.6 0.30 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.96 7.7 0.90 4.7 0.58 7.7 0.46 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.92 4.8 0.31 2.1 0.92 2.1 0.36 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.97 8.1 0.61 2.2 0.38 8.1 0.28 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.96 5.1 0.96 8.2 0.77 2.3 0.29 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.91 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.91 2.4 0.21 5.2 0.19 8.3 0.33 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.82 8.4 0.76 5.3 0.34 8.4 0.28 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.94 8.5 0.40 3.1 0.88 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.95 8.6 0.50 3.2 0.88 6.1 0.84 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.89 8.7 0.31 3.3 0.92 6.2 0.99 3.3 0.55 6.2 0.49 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.86 6.3 0.81 3.4 0.52 6.3 0.38 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.84 6.4 0.18 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.90 6.5 0.51 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 121 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Panama Income Group: High Peru Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 15/30 37/37 63/128 Government 0.5 20/30 30/42 80/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 2 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -7 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 0.00 16/30 36/37 62/128 0.60 -0.02 11/30 10/42 48/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.00 19/30 37/37 82/128 Absence of Corruption 0.33 0.00 26/30 40/42 111/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.59 0.00 8/30 30/37 38/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.55 0.00 11/30 13/42 47/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.02 12/30 34/37 42/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.62 0.00 15/30 12/42 46/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.66 -0.02 15/30 37/37 90/128 Order and Security 0.63 -0.02 22/30 34/42 105/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 17/30 35/37 61/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 -0.01 19/30 22/42 68/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 -0.01 22/30 36/37 83/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 -0.01 24/30 37/42 100/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.02 21/30 36/37 106/128 Criminal Justice 0.33 0.00 22/30 38/42 107/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Panama Latin America & Caribbean High Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.71 4.1 0.48 7.1 0.49 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.45 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.46 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.43 1.3 0.54 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.37 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.41 1.4 0.40 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.69 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.19 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.77 4.6 0.58 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.73 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.73 7.7 0.62 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.67 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.68 4.8 0.49 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.47 8.1 0.32 2.2 0.44 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.59 8.2 0.33 2.3 0.39 5.1 0.57 8.2 0.25 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.22 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.17 2.4 0.13 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.39 8.4 0.31 5.3 0.31 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.45 8.5 0.32 3.1 0.41 3.1 0.38 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.38 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.49 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.58 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.57 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.73 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.39 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.53 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

122 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean Panama Income Group: High PeruPeru Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 15/30 37/37 63/128 Government 0.5 20/30 30/42 80/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 2 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -7 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 0.00 16/30 36/37 62/128 0.60 -0.02 11/30 10/42 48/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.00 19/30 37/37 82/128 Absence of Corruption 0.33 0.00 26/30 40/42 111/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.59 0.00 8/30 30/37 38/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.55 0.00 11/30 13/42 47/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.02 12/30 34/37 42/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.62 0.00 15/30 12/42 46/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.66 -0.02 15/30 37/37 90/128 Order and Security 0.63 -0.02 22/30 34/42 105/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 17/30 35/37 61/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 -0.01 19/30 22/42 68/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 -0.01 22/30 36/37 83/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.45 -0.01 24/30 37/42 100/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.33 0.02 21/30 36/37 106/128 Criminal Justice 0.33 0.00 22/30 38/42 107/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Panama Latin America & Caribbean High Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.71 4.1 0.48 7.1 0.49 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.44 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.50 4.2 0.73 7.2 0.45 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.46 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.43 1.3 0.54 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.37 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.31 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.41 1.4 0.40 4.4 0.69 7.4 0.50 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.69 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.69 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.19 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.77 4.6 0.58 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.73 4.6 0.68 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.73 7.7 0.62 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.67 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.68 4.8 0.49 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.47 8.1 0.32 2.2 0.44 8.1 0.25 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.55 5.1 0.59 8.2 0.33 2.3 0.39 5.1 0.57 8.2 0.25 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.22 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.17 2.4 0.13 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.24 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.39 8.4 0.31 5.3 0.31 8.4 0.43 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.45 8.5 0.32 3.1 0.41 3.1 0.38 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.38 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.60 6.1 0.51 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.49 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.58 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.57 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.73 6.3 0.55 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.35 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.39 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.53 6.5 0.63 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 123 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: EU & EFTA & North America Philippines Income Group: Lower Middle Poland Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 13/15 13/30 91/128 Government 0.66 19/24 27/37 28/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 -0.02 10/15 9/30 75/128 0.58 0.00 21/24 32/37 51/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 11/15 4/30 64/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 0.01 14/24 20/37 20/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.52 -0.01 8/15 7/30 55/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.60 -0.03 22/24 29/37 37/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 -0.01 12/15 18/30 107/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 -0.02 22/24 33/37 39/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.05* 15/15 21/30 97/128 Order and Security 0.86 0.00 12/24 18/37 19/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 10/15 9/30 75/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.62 0.00 18/24 27/37 29/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.02 12/15 16/30 92/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.63 -0.01 17/24 29/37 34/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.00 13/15 22/30 112/128 Criminal Justice 0.60 -0.01 17/24 25/37 26/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Philippines East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Poland EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.43 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.47 4.1 0.69 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.18 7.2 0.44 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.75 7.2 0.81 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.47 4.3 0.31 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.54 4.3 0.64 7.3 0.78 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.39 1.4 0.56 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.48 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.39 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.53 4.6 0.27 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.75 4.6 0.59 7.6 0.54 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.53 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.78 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.43 4.8 0.68 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.64 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.40 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.51 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.31 2.3 0.87 5.1 0.94 8.2 0.54 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.41 5.2 0.77 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.55 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.50 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.63 8.4 0.65 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.80 3.1 0.43 3.1 0.58 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.44 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.63 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.31 8.7 0.64 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.89 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.69 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.53 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

124 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: EU & EFTA & North America Philippines Income Group: Lower Middle PolandPoland Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 13/15 13/30 91/128 Government 0.66 19/24 27/37 28/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.50 -0.02 10/15 9/30 75/128 0.58 0.00 21/24 32/37 51/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.46 -0.01 11/15 4/30 64/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 0.01 14/24 20/37 20/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.52 -0.01 8/15 7/30 55/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.60 -0.03 22/24 29/37 37/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 -0.01 12/15 18/30 107/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.64 -0.02 22/24 33/37 39/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.65 0.05* 15/15 21/30 97/128 Order and Security 0.86 0.00 12/24 18/37 19/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 10/15 9/30 75/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.62 0.00 18/24 27/37 29/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.02 12/15 16/30 92/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.63 -0.01 17/24 29/37 34/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 0.00 13/15 22/30 112/128 Criminal Justice 0.60 -0.01 17/24 25/37 26/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Philippines East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Poland EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.43 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.47 4.1 0.69 7.1 0.63 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.18 7.2 0.44 1.2 0.53 4.2 0.75 7.2 0.81 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.47 4.3 0.31 7.3 0.50 1.3 0.54 4.3 0.64 7.3 0.78 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.41 4.4 0.53 7.4 0.39 1.4 0.56 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.48 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.53 4.5 0.64 7.5 0.34 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.39 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.53 4.6 0.27 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.75 4.6 0.59 7.6 0.54 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.53 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.63 7.7 0.78 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.43 4.8 0.68 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.64 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.40 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.51 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.31 2.3 0.87 5.1 0.94 8.2 0.54 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.41 5.2 0.77 8.3 0.19 2.4 0.55 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.60 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.50 8.4 0.23 5.3 0.63 8.4 0.65 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.48 8.5 0.80 3.1 0.43 3.1 0.58 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.25 8.6 0.44 3.2 0.64 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.63 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.31 8.7 0.64 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.60 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.89 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.49 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.69 6.3 0.48 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.52 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.53 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 125 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: East Asia & Paci�c Portugal Income Group: High Republic of Korea Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.7 16/24 23/37 23/128 Government 0.73 6/15 17/37 17/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.78 -0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 0.72 0.00 3/15 20/37 21/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.72 0.00 16/24 23/37 23/128 Absence of Corruption 0.67 -0.01 6/15 26/37 28/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.66 -0.01 16/24 23/37 24/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.71 0.01 4/15 20/37 20/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.78 -0.01 14/24 16/37 17/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.73 0.00 4/15 21/37 22/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 20/24 27/37 37/128 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 6/15 21/37 23/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.62 -0.02 17/24 26/37 28/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.72 0.00 6/15 19/37 19/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 -0.01 14/24 22/37 22/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 0.00 5/15 13/37 13/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.59 -0.01 18/24 26/37 27/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.00 6/15 18/37 18/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Portugal EU & EFTA & North America High Republic of Korea East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.69 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.68 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.76 4.2 0.89 7.2 0.76 1.2 0.60 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.75 4.3 0.65 7.3 0.79 1.3 0.84 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.64 4.4 0.80 7.4 0.77 1.4 0.68 4.4 0.66 7.4 0.74 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.80 4.5 0.83 7.5 0.43 1.5 0.66 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.82 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.91 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.85 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.80 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.85 7.7 0.81 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.86 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.60 2.1 0.66 2.1 0.70 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.87 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.76 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.80 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.50 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.49 2.4 0.32 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.68 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.46 5.3 0.61 8.4 0.73 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.78 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.56 3.1 0.69 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.84 8.6 0.71 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.63 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.57 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.65 8.7 0.78 3.3 0.77 6.2 0.82 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.87 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.71 6.3 0.79 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.54 6.4 0.63 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.69 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

126 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: East Asia & Paci�c Portugal Income Group: High RepublicRepublic ofof KoreaKorea Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.7 16/24 23/37 23/128 Government 0.73 6/15 17/37 17/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.78 -0.01 12/24 14/37 14/128 0.72 0.00 3/15 20/37 21/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.72 0.00 16/24 23/37 23/128 Absence of Corruption 0.67 -0.01 6/15 26/37 28/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.66 -0.01 16/24 23/37 24/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.71 0.01 4/15 20/37 20/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.78 -0.01 14/24 16/37 17/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.73 0.00 4/15 21/37 22/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.79 0.00 20/24 27/37 37/128 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 6/15 21/37 23/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.62 -0.02 17/24 26/37 28/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.72 0.00 6/15 19/37 19/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 -0.01 14/24 22/37 22/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.76 0.00 5/15 13/37 13/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.59 -0.01 18/24 26/37 27/128 Criminal Justice 0.71 0.00 6/15 18/37 18/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Portugal EU & EFTA & North America High Republic of Korea East Asia & Paci�c High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.84 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.69 1.1 0.68 4.1 0.68 7.1 0.68 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.76 4.2 0.89 7.2 0.76 1.2 0.60 4.2 0.90 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.75 4.3 0.65 7.3 0.79 1.3 0.84 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.64 4.4 0.80 7.4 0.77 1.4 0.68 4.4 0.66 7.4 0.74 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.80 4.5 0.83 7.5 0.43 1.5 0.66 4.5 0.71 7.5 0.82 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.91 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.53 1.6 0.85 4.6 0.83 7.6 0.80 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.85 7.7 0.81 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.86 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.60 2.1 0.66 2.1 0.70 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.48 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.87 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.44 2.3 0.76 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.80 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.50 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.49 2.4 0.32 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.68 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.46 5.3 0.61 8.4 0.73 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.78 8.5 0.66 3.1 0.56 3.1 0.69 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.84 8.6 0.71 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.63 3.2 0.76 6.1 0.57 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.65 8.7 0.78 3.3 0.77 6.2 0.82 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.87 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.45 3.4 0.71 6.3 0.79 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.54 6.4 0.63 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.69 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 127 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Romania Income Group: Upper Middle Russia Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 20/24 3/42 32/128 Government 0.47 13/14 36/42 94/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -4 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 0.00 20/24 6/42 38/128 0.36 -0.01 11/14 38/42 115/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.56 -0.01 22/24 11/42 46/128 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.02 9/14 33/42 77/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.61 -0.02 21/24 6/42 35/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.49 0.00 6/14 24/42 69/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.00 19/24 3/42 28/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.44 -0.01 12/14 38/42 104/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.83 -0.01 16/24 2/42 26/128 Order and Security 0.66 0.00 14/14 28/42 91/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 -0.01 21/24 9/42 42/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 5/14 25/42 73/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 -0.02 19/24 8/42 39/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.02 5/14 20/42 62/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.56 -0.01 20/24 5/42 37/128 Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.02 14/14 39/42 110/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Romania EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Russia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.68 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.57 1.1 0.36 4.1 0.58 7.1 0.59 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.57 4.2 0.82 7.2 0.68 1.2 0.33 4.2 0.45 7.2 0.57 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.54 4.3 0.61 7.3 0.62 1.3 0.37 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.54 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.53 4.4 0.67 7.4 0.64 1.4 0.33 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.67 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.39 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.74 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.61 1.6 0.40 4.6 0.20 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.65 7.7 0.75 4.7 0.41 7.7 0.55 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.75 4.8 0.57 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.41 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.72 8.1 0.55 2.2 0.55 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.75 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.50 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.33 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.28 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.40 2.4 0.24 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.36 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.59 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.38 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.64 8.5 0.45 3.1 0.60 3.1 0.57 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.59 8.6 0.09 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.59 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.55 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.61 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.39 6.2 0.55 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.50 3.4 0.60 6.3 0.61 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.34 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.66 6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

128 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Romania Income Group: Upper Middle RussianRussia Federation Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 20/24 3/42 32/128 Government 0.47 13/14 36/42 94/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -4 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 0.00 20/24 6/42 38/128 0.36 -0.01 11/14 38/42 115/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.56 -0.01 22/24 11/42 46/128 Absence of Corruption 0.43 -0.02 9/14 33/42 77/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.61 -0.02 21/24 6/42 35/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.49 0.00 6/14 24/42 69/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.00 19/24 3/42 28/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.44 -0.01 12/14 38/42 104/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.83 -0.01 16/24 2/42 26/128 Order and Security 0.66 0.00 14/14 28/42 91/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 -0.01 21/24 9/42 42/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 5/14 25/42 73/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 -0.02 19/24 8/42 39/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.02 5/14 20/42 62/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.56 -0.01 20/24 5/42 37/128 Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.02 14/14 39/42 110/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Romania EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle RussianRussia Federation Eastern EuropeEastern & Central Europe Asia & Central Asia Upper MiddleUpper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.68 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.57 1.1 0.36 4.1 0.58 7.1 0.59 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.57 4.2 0.82 7.2 0.68 1.2 0.33 4.2 0.45 7.2 0.57 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.54 4.3 0.61 7.3 0.62 1.3 0.37 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.54 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.53 4.4 0.67 7.4 0.64 1.4 0.33 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.67 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.47 1.5 0.39 4.5 0.54 7.5 0.74 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.61 7.6 0.61 1.6 0.40 4.6 0.20 7.6 0.47 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.65 7.7 0.75 4.7 0.41 7.7 0.55 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.75 4.8 0.57 2.1 0.49 2.1 0.41 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.72 8.1 0.55 2.2 0.55 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.75 5.1 0.91 8.2 0.50 2.3 0.51 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.33 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.28 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.40 2.4 0.24 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.36 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.59 8.4 0.61 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.38 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.64 8.5 0.45 3.1 0.60 3.1 0.57 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.59 8.6 0.09 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.59 3.2 0.40 6.1 0.55 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.61 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.67 3.3 0.39 6.2 0.55 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.71 6.3 0.50 3.4 0.60 6.3 0.61 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.42 6.4 0.34 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.66 6.5 0.38 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 129 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda Income Group: Low Senegal Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 2/31 1/19 37/128 Government 0.55 7/31 2/30 52/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.60 0.00 6/31 2/19 45/128 0.56 -0.02 8/31 5/30 54/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.63 0.03 1/31 1/19 36/128 Absence of Corruption 0.54 -0.01 4/31 1/30 49/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.58 0.01 2/31 1/19 39/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.43 -0.01 12/31 14/30 88/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.01 13/31 8/19 81/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.60 -0.01 5/31 3/30 51/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 1/31 1/19 22/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 12/31 10/30 76/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.59 0.02 3/31 1/19 37/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.02 5/31 1/30 44/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.64 0.01 2/31 1/19 30/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.57 0.01 7/31 2/30 51/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.54 -0.01 3/31 1/19 42/128 Criminal Justice 0.45 0.00 9/31 4/30 64/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.71 1.1 0.53 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.54 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.58 4.2 0.39 7.2 0.66 1.2 0.46 4.2 0.57 7.2 0.68 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.63 4.3 0.52 7.3 0.51 1.3 0.55 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.52 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.73 4.4 0.45 7.4 0.62 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.42 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.45 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.73 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.63 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.65 1.6 0.72 4.6 0.35 7.6 0.60 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.58 4.7 0.71 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.76 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.67 2.1 0.47 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.60 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.60 8.1 0.53 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.70 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.51 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.55 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.50 2.4 0.41 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.31 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.78 8.4 0.69 5.3 0.40 8.4 0.57 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.69 8.5 0.58 3.1 0.60 3.1 0.33 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.23 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.52 8.7 0.45 3.3 0.53 6.2 0.58 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.66 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.59 3.4 0.32 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.52 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.70 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

130 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda Income Group: Low SenegalSenegal Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 2/31 1/19 37/128 Government 0.55 7/31 2/30 52/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 3 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.60 0.00 6/31 2/19 45/128 0.56 -0.02 8/31 5/30 54/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.63 0.03 1/31 1/19 36/128 Absence of Corruption 0.54 -0.01 4/31 1/30 49/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.58 0.01 2/31 1/19 39/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.43 -0.01 12/31 14/30 88/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.01 13/31 8/19 81/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.60 -0.01 5/31 3/30 51/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.84 0.00 1/31 1/19 22/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 12/31 10/30 76/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.59 0.02 3/31 1/19 37/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.02 5/31 1/30 44/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.64 0.01 2/31 1/19 30/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.57 0.01 7/31 2/30 51/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.54 -0.01 3/31 1/19 42/128 Criminal Justice 0.45 0.00 9/31 4/30 64/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.71 1.1 0.53 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.54 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.58 4.2 0.39 7.2 0.66 1.2 0.46 4.2 0.57 7.2 0.68 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.63 4.3 0.52 7.3 0.51 1.3 0.55 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.52 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.73 4.4 0.45 7.4 0.62 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.62 7.4 0.42 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.45 4.5 0.53 7.5 0.73 1.5 0.62 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.63 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.24 7.6 0.65 1.6 0.72 4.6 0.35 7.6 0.60 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.57 7.7 0.58 4.7 0.71 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.76 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.67 2.1 0.47 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.60 8.1 0.42 2.2 0.60 8.1 0.53 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.70 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.51 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.47 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.55 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.50 2.4 0.41 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.31 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.78 8.4 0.69 5.3 0.40 8.4 0.57 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.69 8.5 0.58 3.1 0.60 3.1 0.33 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.41 8.6 0.23 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.54 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.52 8.7 0.45 3.3 0.53 6.2 0.58 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.66 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.60 6.3 0.59 3.4 0.32 6.3 0.45 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.52 6.4 0.50 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.70 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 131 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Serbia Income Group: Upper Middle Sierra Leone Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 8/14 26/42 75/128 Government 0.45 17/31 10/19 100/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 5 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 -0.01 10/14 36/42 111/128 0.51 0.00 15/31 9/19 73/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 7/14 29/42 72/128 Absence of Corruption 0.35 0.00 20/31 12/19 104/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.47 -0.01 9/14 27/42 76/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.40 -0.02 17/31 11/19 103/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 0.01 7/14 21/42 62/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.01 14/31 9/19 85/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 9/14 10/42 42/128 Order and Security 0.67 -0.02 17/31 10/19 89/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 7/14 27/42 77/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.00 26/31 15/19 119/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.01 8/14 27/42 73/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.03 21/31 10/19 105/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.40 0.02 9/14 28/42 77/128 Criminal Justice 0.35 0.00 22/31 11/19 99/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Serbia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.40 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.51 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.34 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.69 1.2 0.42 4.2 0.43 7.2 0.50 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.46 1.3 0.51 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.34 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.26 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.36 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.29 1.5 0.55 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.41 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.46 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.58 4.6 0.34 7.6 0.53 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.51 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.67 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.38 2.2 0.35 8.1 0.43 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.56 5.1 0.87 8.2 0.45 2.3 0.36 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.34 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.26 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.42 2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.44 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.37 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.09 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.21 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.49 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.49 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.47 6.2 0.56 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.40 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.40 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.53 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.32 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.37 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

132 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Serbia Income Group: Upper Middle SierraSierra LeoneLeone Income Group: Low The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 8/14 26/42 75/128 Government 0.45 17/31 10/19 100/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 5 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.39 -0.01 10/14 36/42 111/128 0.51 0.00 15/31 9/19 73/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.44 0.00 7/14 29/42 72/128 Absence of Corruption 0.35 0.00 20/31 12/19 104/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.47 -0.01 9/14 27/42 76/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.40 -0.02 17/31 11/19 103/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 0.01 7/14 21/42 62/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.51 -0.01 14/31 9/19 85/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.77 0.00 9/14 10/42 42/128 Order and Security 0.67 -0.02 17/31 10/19 89/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.48 0.01 7/14 27/42 77/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.37 0.00 26/31 15/19 119/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.01 8/14 27/42 73/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.03 21/31 10/19 105/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.40 0.02 9/14 28/42 77/128 Criminal Justice 0.35 0.00 22/31 11/19 99/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Serbia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.40 4.1 0.65 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.51 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.34 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.69 1.2 0.42 4.2 0.43 7.2 0.50 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.39 4.3 0.49 7.3 0.46 1.3 0.51 4.3 0.40 7.3 0.34 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.26 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.36 1.4 0.42 4.4 0.55 7.4 0.30 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.70 7.5 0.29 1.5 0.55 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.41 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.46 4.6 0.40 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.58 4.6 0.34 7.6 0.53 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.58 7.7 0.64 4.7 0.59 7.7 0.51 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.67 4.8 0.50 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.37 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.51 8.1 0.38 2.2 0.35 8.1 0.43 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.56 5.1 0.87 8.2 0.45 2.3 0.36 5.1 0.60 8.2 0.34 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.26 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.42 2.4 0.34 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.39 8.4 0.44 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.37 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.09 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.21 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.49 3.2 0.43 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.49 8.7 0.40 3.3 0.47 6.2 0.56 3.3 0.54 6.2 0.40 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.40 6.3 0.42 3.4 0.53 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.40 6.4 0.32 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.37 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 133 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: EU & EFTA & North America Singapore Income Group: High Slovenia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.79 3/15 12/37 12/128 Government 0.69 17/24 24/37 24/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 1 8.38.3 1.6 0.01 2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.67 -0.02 6/15 25/37 29/128 0.65 0.01 19/24 26/37 30/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.91 0.00 1/15 3/37 3/128 Absence of Corruption 0.66 0.01 17/24 27/37 29/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.64 -0.02 6/15 25/37 26/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.65 0.00 17/24 24/37 25/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.68 -0.01 5/15 28/37 32/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.75 0.02 15/24 19/37 20/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 1/15 1/37 1/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 10/24 15/37 16/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.87 0.00 1/15 3/37 3/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.65 0.01 16/24 24/37 25/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.82 -0.01 1/15 6/37 6/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.66 0.03* 16/24 26/37 28/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.79 0.00 1/15 6/37 6/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.01 19/24 31/37 35/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Singapore East Asia & Paci�c High Slovenia EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.84 7.1 0.63 1.1 0.69 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.70 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.72 4.2 0.80 7.2 0.85 1.2 0.58 4.2 0.91 7.2 0.75 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.70 4.3 0.74 7.3 0.85 1.3 0.63 4.3 0.72 7.3 0.66 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.90 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.58 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.81 7.5 0.93 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.52 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.74 4.6 0.59 7.6 0.97 1.6 0.79 4.6 0.74 7.6 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.47 7.7 0.80 4.7 0.77 7.7 0.77 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.73 4.8 0.77 2.1 0.91 2.1 0.63 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.91 8.1 0.83 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.94 5.1 0.98 8.2 0.78 2.3 0.76 5.1 0.96 8.2 0.53 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.90 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.87 2.4 0.47 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.81 8.4 0.81 5.3 0.71 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.91 8.5 0.68 3.1 0.79 3.1 0.67 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.56 8.6 0.52 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.83 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.74 8.7 0.72 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.96 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.75 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.65 6.3 0.90 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.70 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.87 6.4 0.53 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.79 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

134 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: EU & EFTA & North America Singapore Income Group: High SloveniaSlovenia Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.79 3/15 12/37 12/128 Government 0.69 17/24 24/37 24/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 1 8.3 1.6 0.01 2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.67 -0.02 6/15 25/37 29/128 0.65 0.01 19/24 26/37 30/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.91 0.00 1/15 3/37 3/128 Absence of Corruption 0.66 0.01 17/24 27/37 29/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.64 -0.02 6/15 25/37 26/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.65 0.00 17/24 24/37 25/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.68 -0.01 5/15 28/37 32/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.75 0.02 15/24 19/37 20/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.93 0.00 1/15 1/37 1/128 Order and Security 0.89 0.00 10/24 15/37 16/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.87 0.00 1/15 3/37 3/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.65 0.01 16/24 24/37 25/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.82 -0.01 1/15 6/37 6/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.66 0.03* 16/24 26/37 28/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.79 0.00 1/15 6/37 6/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.01 19/24 31/37 35/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Singapore East Asia & Paci�c High Slovenia EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.84 7.1 0.63 1.1 0.69 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.70 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.72 4.2 0.80 7.2 0.85 1.2 0.58 4.2 0.91 7.2 0.75 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.70 4.3 0.74 7.3 0.85 1.3 0.63 4.3 0.72 7.3 0.66 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.90 4.4 0.48 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.50 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.58 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.48 4.5 0.81 7.5 0.93 1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.52 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.74 4.6 0.59 7.6 0.97 1.6 0.79 4.6 0.74 7.6 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.47 7.7 0.80 4.7 0.77 7.7 0.77 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.73 4.8 0.77 2.1 0.91 2.1 0.63 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.91 8.1 0.83 2.2 0.79 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.94 5.1 0.98 8.2 0.78 2.3 0.76 5.1 0.96 8.2 0.53 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.90 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.87 2.4 0.47 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.81 8.4 0.81 5.3 0.71 8.4 0.49 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.91 8.5 0.68 3.1 0.79 3.1 0.67 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.56 8.6 0.52 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.83 3.2 0.61 6.1 0.71 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.74 8.7 0.72 3.3 0.51 6.2 0.96 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.75 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.65 6.3 0.90 3.4 0.63 6.3 0.70 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.87 6.4 0.53 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.79 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 135 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America South Africa Income Group: Upper Middle Spain Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 5/31 10/42 45/128 Government 0.73 13/24 19/37 19/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 2 8.38.3 1.6 0.01 2 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 0.01 3/31 4/42 33/128 0.74 0.02 13/24 16/37 17/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.48 0.00 6/31 19/42 58/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 0.01 15/24 21/37 21/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.62 0.00 1/31 4/42 30/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.71 0.01 14/24 19/37 19/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.00 2/31 8/42 41/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.00 13/24 15/37 16/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.61 0.00 22/31 38/42 110/128 Order and Security 0.82 0.00 17/24 23/37 27/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.02 6/31 11/42 45/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.70 0.02 15/24 22/37 22/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.61 0.03 4/31 10/42 41/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.67 0.00 15/24 24/37 25/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.53 0.01 5/31 11/42 44/128 Criminal Justice 0.67 0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Spain EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.76 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.73 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.67 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.49 1.2 0.66 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.63 4.3 0.54 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.75 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.72 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.47 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.67 1.4 0.66 4.4 0.72 7.4 0.68 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.54 1.5 0.72 4.5 0.77 7.5 0.51 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.71 4.6 0.57 7.6 0.61 1.6 0.87 4.6 0.87 7.6 0.55 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.74 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.82 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.66 4.8 0.74 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.68 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.39 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.88 5.1 0.86 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.33 2.4 0.49 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.71 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.60 8.4 0.63 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.59 8.5 0.76 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.71 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.76 8.6 0.65 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.66 6.1 0.67 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.54 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.83 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.72 6.3 0.52 3.4 0.76 6.3 0.58 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.63 6.4 0.76 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.62 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

136 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America South Africa Income Group: Upper Middle SpainSpain Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 5/31 10/42 45/128 Government 0.73 13/24 19/37 19/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 2 8.3 1.6 0.01 2 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.63 0.01 3/31 4/42 33/128 0.74 0.02 13/24 16/37 17/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.48 0.00 6/31 19/42 58/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 0.01 15/24 21/37 21/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.62 0.00 1/31 4/42 30/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.71 0.01 14/24 19/37 19/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.64 0.00 2/31 8/42 41/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 0.00 13/24 15/37 16/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.61 0.00 22/31 38/42 110/128 Order and Security 0.82 0.00 17/24 23/37 27/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.56 0.02 6/31 11/42 45/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.70 0.02 15/24 22/37 22/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.61 0.03 4/31 10/42 41/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.67 0.00 15/24 24/37 25/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.53 0.01 5/31 11/42 44/128 Criminal Justice 0.67 0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Spain EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.58 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.51 1.1 0.76 4.1 0.71 7.1 0.73 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.67 4.2 0.62 7.2 0.49 1.2 0.66 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.63 4.3 0.54 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.75 4.3 0.79 7.3 0.72 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.47 4.4 0.71 7.4 0.67 1.4 0.66 4.4 0.72 7.4 0.68 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.71 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.54 1.5 0.72 4.5 0.77 7.5 0.51 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.71 4.6 0.57 7.6 0.61 1.6 0.87 4.6 0.87 7.6 0.55 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.74 7.7 0.77 4.7 0.82 7.7 0.80 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.66 4.8 0.74 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.68 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.73 8.1 0.39 2.2 0.88 8.1 0.59 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.48 8.2 0.52 2.3 0.88 5.1 0.86 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.23 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.33 2.4 0.49 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.71 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.35 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.60 8.4 0.63 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.59 8.5 0.76 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.71 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.76 8.6 0.65 3.2 0.53 6.1 0.44 3.2 0.66 6.1 0.67 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.54 8.7 0.79 3.3 0.70 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.71 6.2 0.83 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.72 6.3 0.52 3.4 0.76 6.3 0.58 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.63 6.4 0.76 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.62 6.5 0.67 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 137 Region: South Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Sri LankaLanka Income Group: Upper Middle St. Kitts and Nevis Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 2/6 21/42 66/128 Government 0.63 6/30 30/37 33/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -2 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 0.01 3/6 15/42 60/128 0.62 -0.02 7/30 30/37 36/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.47 0.01 1/6 21/42 61/128 Absence of Corruption 0.64 -0.03 7/30 29/37 33/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.51 0.01 3/6 17/42 59/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.44 0.03 25/30 36/37 87/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.00 1/6 25/42 72/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 -0.02 6/30 26/37 29/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 2/6 24/42 70/128 Order and Security 0.78 -0.02 3/30 29/37 41/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.02 3/6 28/42 79/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.00 4/30 28/37 31/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.45 -0.02 3/6 36/42 99/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.69 -0.06 2/30 21/37 21/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 0.00 1/6 23/42 65/128 Criminal Justice 0.59 0.02 3/30 27/37 28/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Sri Lanka South Asia Upper Middle St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.56 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.66 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.61 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.43 1.2 0.70 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.67 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.45 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.62 7.3 0.78 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.40 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.49 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.83 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.63 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.28 1.5 0.65 4.5 0.65 7.5 0.55 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.69 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.69 4.6 0.75 7.6 0.52 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.69 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.71 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.48 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.59 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.89 8.1 0.44 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.56 5.1 0.82 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.77 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.55 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.36 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.36 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.30 8.4 0.50 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.63 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.63 8.5 0.75 3.1 0.42 3.1 0.19 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.49 8.6 0.77 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.53 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.52 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.39 8.7 0.62 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.53 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.75 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.53 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.39 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.65 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

138 Region: South Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Sri Lanka Income Group: Upper Middle St.St. KittsKitts and and Nevis Nevis Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.52 2/6 21/42 66/128 Government 0.63 6/30 30/37 33/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -2 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.55 0.01 3/6 15/42 60/128 0.62 -0.02 7/30 30/37 36/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.47 0.01 1/6 21/42 61/128 Absence of Corruption 0.64 -0.03 7/30 29/37 33/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.51 0.01 3/6 17/42 59/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.44 0.03 25/30 36/37 87/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.54 0.00 1/6 25/42 72/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 -0.02 6/30 26/37 29/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 2/6 24/42 70/128 Order and Security 0.78 -0.02 3/30 29/37 41/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.02 3/6 28/42 79/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.61 0.00 4/30 28/37 31/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.45 -0.02 3/6 36/42 99/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.69 -0.06 2/30 21/37 21/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 0.00 1/6 23/42 65/128 Criminal Justice 0.59 0.02 3/30 27/37 28/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Sri Lanka South Asia Upper Middle St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.56 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.61 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.66 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.61 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.43 1.2 0.70 4.2 0.86 7.2 0.67 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.45 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.60 1.3 0.59 4.3 0.62 7.3 0.78 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.40 4.4 0.63 7.4 0.49 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.83 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.63 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.28 1.5 0.65 4.5 0.65 7.5 0.55 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.69 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.35 1.6 0.69 4.6 0.75 7.6 0.52 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.69 7.7 0.55 4.7 0.70 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.71 2.1 0.43 2.1 0.48 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.59 8.1 0.41 2.2 0.89 8.1 0.44 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.56 5.1 0.82 8.2 0.35 2.3 0.77 5.1 0.81 8.2 0.55 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.30 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.36 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.36 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.30 8.4 0.50 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.63 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.63 8.5 0.75 3.1 0.42 3.1 0.19 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.49 8.6 0.77 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.53 3.2 0.39 6.1 0.52 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.39 8.7 0.62 3.3 0.61 6.2 0.53 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.75 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.53 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.39 6.4 0.60 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.54 6.5 0.65 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 139 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean St. LuciaLucia Income Group: Upper Middle St. Vincent and the Grenadines Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 8/30 5/42 36/128 Government 0.64 5/30 2/42 31/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 2 8.38.3 1.6 0.02 4 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 0.00 12/30 11/42 49/128 0.62 0.03 8/30 5/42 37/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.64 0.00 8/30 5/42 34/128 Absence of Corruption 0.70 0.00 2/30 1/42 24/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 0.00 21/30 23/42 67/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.52 0.02 14/30 16/42 54/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.66 0.00 9/30 6/42 35/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.02 5/30 2/42 27/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.74 0.02 7/30 17/42 57/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.01 5/30 16/42 54/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 7/30 5/42 36/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.03 8/30 10/42 43/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 0.02 3/30 1/42 23/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 0.02 6/30 4/42 32/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 -0.02 10/30 9/42 41/128 Criminal Justice 0.61 0.00 2/30 1/42 25/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.62 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.62 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.67 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.74 7.2 0.77 1.2 0.61 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.64 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.53 7.3 0.79 1.3 0.67 4.3 0.61 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.47 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.76 1.4 0.56 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.65 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.65 4.5 0.67 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.44 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.46 1.6 0.67 4.6 0.73 7.6 0.48 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.71 7.7 0.85 4.7 0.71 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.63 2.1 0.56 2.1 0.62 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.40 2.2 0.85 8.1 0.45 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.71 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.37 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.40 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.48 2.4 0.54 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.57 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.55 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.71 8.5 0.74 3.1 0.27 3.1 0.26 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.74 8.6 0.75 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.51 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.53 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.53 8.7 0.61 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.55 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.65 6.4 0.47 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.72 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

140 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: Latin America & Caribbean St. Lucia Income Group: Upper Middle St.St. Vincent and the GrenadinesGrenadines Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.62 8/30 5/42 36/128 Government 0.64 5/30 2/42 31/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 2 8.3 1.6 0.02 4 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.59 0.00 12/30 11/42 49/128 0.62 0.03 8/30 5/42 37/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.64 0.00 8/30 5/42 34/128 Absence of Corruption 0.70 0.00 2/30 1/42 24/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 0.00 21/30 23/42 67/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.52 0.02 14/30 16/42 54/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.66 0.00 9/30 6/42 35/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.70 0.02 5/30 2/42 27/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.74 0.02 7/30 17/42 57/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.01 5/30 16/42 54/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.60 0.02 7/30 5/42 36/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.57 0.03 8/30 10/42 43/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 0.02 3/30 1/42 23/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.64 0.02 6/30 4/42 32/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.55 -0.02 10/30 9/42 41/128 Criminal Justice 0.61 0.00 2/30 1/42 25/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.62 4.1 0.78 7.1 0.62 1.1 0.58 4.1 0.66 7.1 0.67 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.70 4.2 0.74 7.2 0.77 1.2 0.61 4.2 0.83 7.2 0.64 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.40 4.3 0.53 7.3 0.79 1.3 0.67 4.3 0.61 7.3 0.75 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.47 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.76 1.4 0.56 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.65 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.65 4.5 0.67 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.82 7.5 0.44 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.72 4.6 0.53 7.6 0.46 1.6 0.67 4.6 0.73 7.6 0.48 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.71 7.7 0.85 4.7 0.71 7.7 0.82 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.69 4.8 0.63 2.1 0.56 2.1 0.62 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.40 2.2 0.85 8.1 0.45 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.71 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.37 2.3 0.78 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.56 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.40 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.48 2.4 0.54 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.57 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.45 8.4 0.62 5.3 0.48 8.4 0.55 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.71 8.5 0.74 3.1 0.27 3.1 0.26 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.74 8.6 0.75 3.2 0.52 6.1 0.51 3.2 0.58 6.1 0.53 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.53 8.7 0.61 3.3 0.64 6.2 0.73 3.3 0.63 6.2 0.77 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.55 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.62 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.65 6.4 0.47 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.72 6.5 0.58 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 141 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: EU & EFTA & North America Suriname Income Group: Upper Middle Sweden Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 18/30 27/42 76/128 Government 0.86 4/24 4/37 4/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -5 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 -0.01 22/30 24/42 81/128 0.87 0.00 4/24 4/37 4/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.45 -0.06 16/30 25/42 68/128 Absence of Corruption 0.91 0.00 3/24 4/37 4/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.39 0.02 28/30 38/42 104/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.86 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.55 0.00 19/30 23/42 66/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.87 0.00 4/24 4/37 4/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.65 -0.01 18/30 30/42 98/128 Order and Security 0.92 0.00 3/24 6/37 6/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.00 21/30 29/42 81/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.84 0.00 6/24 8/37 8/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.49 -0.02 20/30 29/42 78/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.82 0.02 5/24 5/37 5/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.52 -0.01 11/30 12/42 45/128 Criminal Justice 0.80 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Sweden EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.81 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.76 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.59 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.83 4.2 0.99 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.30 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.97 4.3 0.92 7.3 0.91 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.37 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.51 1.4 0.84 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.59 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.85 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.80 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.57 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.49 1.6 0.93 4.6 0.97 7.6 0.91 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.65 7.7 0.48 4.7 0.87 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.77 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.87 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.66 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.98 8.1 0.53 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.74 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.97 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.71 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.82 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.83 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.20 8.4 0.57 5.3 0.87 8.4 0.78 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.58 8.5 0.92 3.1 0.32 3.1 0.78 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.73 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.30 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.92 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.92 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.85 6.2 0.93 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.38 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.89 6.3 0.84 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.79 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.47 6.5 0.89 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

142 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Region: EU & EFTA & North America Suriname Income Group: Upper Middle SwedenSweden Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.5 18/30 27/42 76/128 Government 0.86 4/24 4/37 4/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -5 8.3 1.6 0.00 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.48 -0.01 22/30 24/42 81/128 0.87 0.00 4/24 4/37 4/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.45 -0.06 16/30 25/42 68/128 Absence of Corruption 0.91 0.00 3/24 4/37 4/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.39 0.02 28/30 38/42 104/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.86 0.00 3/24 3/37 3/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.55 0.00 19/30 23/42 66/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.87 0.00 4/24 4/37 4/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.65 -0.01 18/30 30/42 98/128 Order and Security 0.92 0.00 3/24 6/37 6/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 0.00 21/30 29/42 81/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.84 0.00 6/24 8/37 8/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.49 -0.02 20/30 29/42 78/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.82 0.02 5/24 5/37 5/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.52 -0.01 11/30 12/42 45/128 Criminal Justice 0.80 -0.01 4/24 4/37 4/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Sweden EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.48 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.81 4.1 0.73 7.1 0.76 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.59 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.55 1.2 0.83 4.2 0.99 7.2 0.70 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.30 4.3 0.45 7.3 0.69 1.3 0.97 4.3 0.92 7.3 0.91 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.37 4.4 0.59 7.4 0.51 1.4 0.84 4.4 0.85 7.4 0.90 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.59 4.5 0.66 7.5 0.26 1.5 0.85 4.5 0.84 7.5 0.80 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.57 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.49 1.6 0.93 4.6 0.97 7.6 0.91 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.65 7.7 0.48 4.7 0.87 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.51 4.8 0.77 2.1 0.40 2.1 0.87 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.66 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.98 8.1 0.53 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.53 5.1 0.74 8.2 0.53 2.3 0.97 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.71 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.21 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 2.4 0.82 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.83 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.20 8.4 0.57 5.3 0.87 8.4 0.78 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.58 8.5 0.92 3.1 0.32 3.1 0.78 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.73 8.6 0.92 3.2 0.30 6.1 0.46 3.2 0.92 6.1 0.78 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.45 8.7 0.92 3.3 0.56 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.85 6.2 0.93 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.38 6.3 0.37 3.4 0.89 6.3 0.84 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.43 6.4 0.79 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.47 6.5 0.89 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 143 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: East Asia & Paci�c Tanzania Income Group: Low Thailand Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 12/31 7/19 93/128 Government 0.51 10/15 24/42 71/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 6 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.51 -0.01 14/31 8/19 72/128 0.48 0.01 11/15 25/42 82/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.00 12/31 6/19 81/128 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.00 9/15 17/42 54/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.38 0.00 18/31 12/19 105/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.51 0.02 9/15 19/42 61/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.43 -0.02 22/31 14/19 105/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.49 0.01 10/15 33/42 90/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 13/31 8/19 78/128 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 11/15 22/42 67/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.02 16/31 9/19 94/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.01 12/15 30/42 83/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.02 12/31 4/19 76/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 -0.01 10/15 32/42 84/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 15/31 7/19 81/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 0.01 11/15 26/42 70/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low Thailand East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.52 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.58 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.60 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.49 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.48 4.3 0.32 7.3 0.44 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.42 7.3 0.68 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.55 4.4 0.42 7.4 0.44 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.52 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.42 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.40 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.26 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.52 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.35 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.33 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.47 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.55 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.47 2.1 0.46 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.42 8.1 0.36 2.2 0.71 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.37 5.1 0.68 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.49 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.43 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.47 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.31 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.61 3.1 0.25 3.1 0.44 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.54 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.52 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.32 8.7 0.42 3.3 0.48 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.53 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.36 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.29 6.4 0.32 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.48 6.5 0.49 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

144 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: East Asia & Paci�c Tanzania Income Group: Low ThailandThailand Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 12/31 7/19 93/128 Government 0.51 10/15 24/42 71/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 8.3 1.6 0.00 6 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.51 -0.01 14/31 8/19 72/128 0.48 0.01 11/15 25/42 82/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.00 12/31 6/19 81/128 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.00 9/15 17/42 54/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.38 0.00 18/31 12/19 105/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.51 0.02 9/15 19/42 61/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.43 -0.02 22/31 14/19 105/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.49 0.01 10/15 33/42 90/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 13/31 8/19 78/128 Order and Security 0.71 0.00 11/15 22/42 67/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.02 16/31 9/19 94/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.47 -0.01 12/15 30/42 83/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.02 12/31 4/19 76/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.48 -0.01 10/15 32/42 84/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 15/31 7/19 81/128 Criminal Justice 0.43 0.01 11/15 26/42 70/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low Thailand East Asia & Paci�c Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.55 4.1 0.56 7.1 0.48 1.1 0.52 4.1 0.54 7.1 0.58 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.53 4.2 0.31 7.2 0.58 1.2 0.60 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.49 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.48 4.3 0.32 7.3 0.44 1.3 0.43 4.3 0.42 7.3 0.68 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.55 4.4 0.42 7.4 0.44 1.4 0.47 4.4 0.54 7.4 0.52 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.42 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.40 1.5 0.54 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.26 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.52 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.51 1.6 0.35 4.6 0.38 7.6 0.33 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.50 7.7 0.63 4.7 0.47 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.55 4.8 0.58 2.1 0.47 2.1 0.46 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.42 8.1 0.36 2.2 0.71 8.1 0.42 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.37 5.1 0.68 8.2 0.41 2.3 0.49 5.1 0.80 8.2 0.43 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 2.4 0.30 5.2 0.83 8.3 0.30 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.38 8.4 0.47 5.3 0.51 8.4 0.31 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.43 8.5 0.61 3.1 0.25 3.1 0.44 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.40 8.6 0.54 3.2 0.46 6.1 0.57 3.2 0.45 6.1 0.52 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.32 8.7 0.42 3.3 0.48 6.2 0.49 3.3 0.53 6.2 0.52 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.36 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.61 6.3 0.49 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.29 6.4 0.32 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.48 6.5 0.49 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 145 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Togo Income Group: Low Trinidad and Tobago Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 16/31 9/19 99/128 Government 0.54 14/30 35/37 55/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 0.00 29/31 19/19 117/128 0.56 0.00 14/30 34/37 55/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 0.01 9/31 4/19 78/128 Absence of Corruption 0.49 -0.01 14/30 36/37 55/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.30 -0.01 30/31 19/19 123/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.56 0.00 10/30 31/37 45/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 -0.03 19/31 13/19 97/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.00 16/30 35/37 56/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.73 0.00 5/31 3/19 61/128 Order and Security 0.68 0.01 13/30 35/37 85/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 11/31 5/19 71/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 15/30 34/37 59/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 13/31 6/19 85/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.58 0.01 12/30 32/37 49/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.00 20/31 9/19 94/128 Criminal Justice 0.32 -0.03 23/30 37/37 109/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.45 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.56 1.1 0.66 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.58 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.31 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.63 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.55 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.30 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.33 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.72 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.71 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.49 1.5 0.65 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.34 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.37 4.6 0.18 7.6 0.44 1.6 0.70 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.43 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.44 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.68 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.45 8.1 0.28 2.2 0.70 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.46 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.36 2.3 0.56 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.22 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.36 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.33 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.37 8.5 0.56 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.38 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.26 8.6 0.44 3.2 0.26 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.39 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.68 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.35 6.3 0.39 3.4 0.66 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.48 6.4 0.51 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.46 6.5 0.61 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

146 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Latin America & Caribbean Togo Income Group: Low TrinidadTrinidad and and Tobago Tobago Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 16/31 9/19 99/128 Government 0.54 14/30 35/37 55/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.36 0.00 29/31 19/19 117/128 0.56 0.00 14/30 34/37 55/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.43 0.01 9/31 4/19 78/128 Absence of Corruption 0.49 -0.01 14/30 36/37 55/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.30 -0.01 30/31 19/19 123/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.56 0.00 10/30 31/37 45/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 -0.03 19/31 13/19 97/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.59 0.00 16/30 35/37 56/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.73 0.00 5/31 3/19 61/128 Order and Security 0.68 0.01 13/30 35/37 85/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.49 0.00 11/31 5/19 71/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.51 0.00 15/30 34/37 59/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.48 0.01 13/31 6/19 85/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.58 0.01 12/30 32/37 49/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.36 0.00 20/31 9/19 94/128 Criminal Justice 0.32 -0.03 23/30 37/37 109/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.45 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.56 1.1 0.66 4.1 0.62 7.1 0.58 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.31 4.2 0.40 7.2 0.63 1.2 0.67 4.2 0.55 7.2 0.63 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.30 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.33 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.72 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.32 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.27 1.4 0.36 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.71 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.49 1.5 0.65 4.5 0.73 7.5 0.34 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.37 4.6 0.18 7.6 0.44 1.6 0.70 4.6 0.41 7.6 0.43 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.44 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.73 7.7 0.68 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.45 2.1 0.44 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.45 8.1 0.28 2.2 0.70 8.1 0.21 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.46 5.1 0.76 8.2 0.36 2.3 0.56 5.1 0.70 8.2 0.22 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.36 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.29 2.4 0.25 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.15 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.44 8.4 0.55 5.3 0.33 8.4 0.33 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.37 8.5 0.56 3.1 0.21 3.1 0.38 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.26 8.6 0.44 3.2 0.26 6.1 0.48 3.2 0.54 6.1 0.41 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.39 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.38 6.2 0.63 3.3 0.66 6.2 0.68 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.35 6.3 0.39 3.4 0.66 6.3 0.37 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.48 6.4 0.51 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.46 6.5 0.61 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 147 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Tunisia Income Group: Lower Middle Turkey Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 3/8 3/30 56/128 Government 0.43 14/14 40/42 107/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 0.01 1/8 4/30 42/128 0.30 0.01 14/14 41/42 124/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.01 3/8 2/30 56/128 Absence of Corruption 0.47 -0.01 4/14 20/42 60/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 -0.01 1/8 9/30 68/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.42 0.00 12/14 35/42 97/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 0.01 1/8 5/30 63/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.32 0.00 14/14 39/42 123/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.68 0.01 5/8 11/30 80/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.02 13/14 26/42 77/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.00 4/8 5/30 52/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.41 -0.01 14/14 41/42 110/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.01 6/8 9/30 74/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 14/14 38/42 103/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.42 -0.01 4/8 6/30 74/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 10/14 30/42 85/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle Turkey Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.66 4.1 0.63 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.37 4.1 0.37 7.1 0.55 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.50 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.32 4.2 0.35 7.2 0.26 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.62 4.3 0.46 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.19 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.51 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.48 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.55 1.4 0.30 4.4 0.26 7.4 0.22 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.65 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.26 4.5 0.21 7.5 0.30 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.76 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.38 1.6 0.35 4.6 0.25 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.69 7.7 0.58 4.7 0.30 7.7 0.67 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.39 2.1 0.53 2.1 0.45 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.46 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.58 8.1 0.44 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.36 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.38 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.36 2.4 0.19 5.2 0.75 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.37 8.4 0.35 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.32 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.46 8.5 0.59 3.1 0.37 3.1 0.48 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.39 8.6 0.13 3.2 0.48 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.46 8.7 0.41 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.28 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.40 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.42 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.51 6.4 0.16 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.61 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

148 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Tunisia Income Group: Lower Middle TurkeyTurkey Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.54 3/8 3/30 56/128 Government 0.43 14/14 40/42 107/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 3 8.3 1.6 0.00 3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.61 0.01 1/8 4/30 42/128 0.30 0.01 14/14 41/42 124/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.49 0.01 3/8 2/30 56/128 Absence of Corruption 0.47 -0.01 4/14 20/42 60/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.49 -0.01 1/8 9/30 68/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.42 0.00 12/14 35/42 97/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.57 0.01 1/8 5/30 63/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.32 0.00 14/14 39/42 123/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.68 0.01 5/8 11/30 80/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.02 13/14 26/42 77/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.53 0.00 4/8 5/30 52/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.41 -0.01 14/14 41/42 110/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.50 0.01 6/8 9/30 74/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.44 0.00 14/14 38/42 103/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.42 -0.01 4/8 6/30 74/128 Criminal Justice 0.38 0.00 10/14 30/42 85/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle Turkey Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.66 4.1 0.63 7.1 0.58 1.1 0.37 4.1 0.37 7.1 0.55 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.50 4.2 0.59 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.32 4.2 0.35 7.2 0.26 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.62 4.3 0.46 7.3 0.38 1.3 0.19 4.3 0.41 7.3 0.51 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.48 4.4 0.65 7.4 0.55 1.4 0.30 4.4 0.26 7.4 0.22 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.65 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.44 1.5 0.26 4.5 0.21 7.5 0.30 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.76 4.6 0.42 7.6 0.38 1.6 0.35 4.6 0.25 7.6 0.59 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.69 7.7 0.58 4.7 0.30 7.7 0.67 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.52 4.8 0.39 2.1 0.53 2.1 0.45 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.46 8.1 0.43 2.2 0.58 8.1 0.44 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.57 5.1 0.77 8.2 0.46 2.3 0.67 5.1 0.78 8.2 0.36 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.38 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.36 2.4 0.19 5.2 0.75 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.37 8.4 0.35 5.3 0.54 8.4 0.32 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.46 8.5 0.59 3.1 0.37 3.1 0.48 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.39 8.6 0.13 3.2 0.48 6.1 0.52 3.2 0.50 6.1 0.40 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.46 8.7 0.41 3.3 0.62 6.2 0.62 3.3 0.28 6.2 0.62 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.40 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.42 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.51 6.4 0.16 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.61 6.5 0.46 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 149 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Uganda Income Group: Low Ukraine Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.4 27/31 17/19 117/128 Government 0.51 7/14 7/30 72/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 -0.01 -2 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 6 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.01 23/31 14/19 105/128 0.46 0.00 5/14 14/30 90/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.26 0.00 29/31 18/19 125/128 Absence of Corruption 0.33 0.00 13/14 21/30 110/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.40 0.00 16/31 10/19 102/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.57 0.02 2/14 2/30 42/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.37 -0.01 28/31 18/19 117/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.61 0.00 2/14 2/30 49/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 25/31 15/19 113/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.02 12/14 6/30 52/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 20/31 11/19 106/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 12/14 17/30 100/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.43 -0.02 24/31 13/19 108/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.00 4/14 5/30 61/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.02 26/31 15/19 113/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 -0.01 12/14 16/30 90/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low Ukraine Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.42 4.1 0.44 7.1 0.40 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.62 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.24 7.2 0.39 1.2 0.32 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.69 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.46 4.3 0.30 7.3 0.34 1.3 0.40 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.38 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.47 1.4 0.28 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.37 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.33 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.76 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.35 4.6 0.07 7.6 0.48 1.6 0.61 4.6 0.43 7.6 0.48 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.48 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.65 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.39 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.28 2.1 0.32 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.33 8.1 0.29 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.26 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.23 5.1 0.54 8.2 0.37 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.19 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.09 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.24 8.4 0.25 5.3 0.57 8.4 0.50 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.28 8.5 0.31 3.1 0.15 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 8.6 0.26 3.2 0.44 6.1 0.38 3.2 0.51 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.30 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.37 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.42 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.57 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.55 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.40 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.60 6.5 0.37 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

150 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Uganda Income Group: Low UkraineUkraine Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.4 27/31 17/19 117/128 Government 0.51 7/14 7/30 72/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 -0.01 -2 8.3 1.6 0.00 6 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.40 -0.01 23/31 14/19 105/128 0.46 0.00 5/14 14/30 90/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.26 0.00 29/31 18/19 125/128 Absence of Corruption 0.33 0.00 13/14 21/30 110/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.40 0.00 16/31 10/19 102/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.57 0.02 2/14 2/30 42/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.37 -0.01 28/31 18/19 117/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.61 0.00 2/14 2/30 49/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.59 0.00 25/31 15/19 113/128 Order and Security 0.75 0.02 12/14 6/30 52/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.42 0.00 20/31 11/19 106/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.01 12/14 17/30 100/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.43 -0.02 24/31 13/19 108/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.54 0.00 4/14 5/30 61/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.31 -0.02 26/31 15/19 113/128 Criminal Justice 0.36 -0.01 12/14 16/30 90/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low Ukraine Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.42 4.1 0.44 7.1 0.40 1.1 0.57 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.62 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.40 4.2 0.24 7.2 0.39 1.2 0.32 4.2 0.61 7.2 0.69 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.46 4.3 0.30 7.3 0.34 1.3 0.40 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.38 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.47 1.4 0.28 4.4 0.61 7.4 0.37 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.39 4.5 0.61 7.5 0.33 1.5 0.61 4.5 0.76 7.5 0.56 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.35 4.6 0.07 7.6 0.48 1.6 0.61 4.6 0.43 7.6 0.48 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.48 7.7 0.60 4.7 0.65 7.7 0.63 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.39 4.8 0.66 2.1 0.28 2.1 0.32 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.33 8.1 0.29 2.2 0.49 8.1 0.26 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.23 5.1 0.54 8.2 0.37 2.3 0.42 5.1 0.75 8.2 0.38 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.19 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.39 2.4 0.09 5.2 0.94 8.3 0.38 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.24 8.4 0.25 5.3 0.57 8.4 0.50 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.28 8.5 0.31 3.1 0.15 3.1 0.60 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.30 8.6 0.26 3.2 0.44 6.1 0.38 3.2 0.51 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.30 8.7 0.44 3.3 0.45 6.2 0.37 3.3 0.59 6.2 0.42 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.57 6.3 0.38 3.4 0.56 6.3 0.55 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.40 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.60 6.5 0.37 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 151 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America United Arab Emirates Income Group: High United Kingdom Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.65 1/8 29/37 30/128 Government 0.79 10/24 13/37 13/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 2 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.56 0.01 2/8 35/37 59/128 0.82 -0.01 11/24 13/37 13/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.80 0.00 1/8 16/37 16/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 7/24 10/37 10/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.36 0.00 5/8 37/37 113/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.79 -0.01 9/24 11/37 11/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 5/8 37/37 98/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 -0.03 11/24 13/37 13/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.91 0.00 1/8 7/37 7/128 Order and Security 0.84 -0.01 15/24 22/37 24/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.73 0.00 1/8 18/37 18/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 -0.01 9/24 13/37 13/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 0.01 1/8 23/37 24/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.71 -0.02 10/24 17/37 17/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.67 0.00 1/8 19/37 19/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 -0.02 9/24 12/37 12/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

United Arab Emirates Middle East & North Africa High United Kingdom EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.64 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.86 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.55 4.2 0.50 7.2 0.63 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.91 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.69 4.3 0.72 7.3 0.83 1.3 0.80 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.91 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.71 4.4 0.33 7.4 0.64 1.4 0.76 4.4 0.84 7.4 0.83 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.33 4.5 0.45 7.5 0.68 1.5 0.84 4.5 0.85 7.5 0.66 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.54 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.68 1.6 0.86 4.6 0.76 7.6 0.70 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.26 7.7 0.69 4.7 0.89 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.45 4.8 0.65 2.1 0.77 2.1 0.84 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.71 2.2 0.96 8.1 0.67 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.84 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.85 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.73 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.70 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.77 2.4 0.64 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.82 8.4 0.57 5.3 0.70 8.4 0.62 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.80 8.5 0.86 3.1 0.37 3.1 0.89 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.45 8.6 0.85 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.65 3.2 0.67 6.1 0.76 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.72 8.7 0.78 3.3 0.32 6.2 0.88 3.3 0.83 6.2 0.94 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.42 6.3 0.77 3.4 0.77 6.3 0.77 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.67 6.4 0.81 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.65 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

152 Region: Middle East & North Africa Region: EU & EFTA & North America United Arab Emirates Income Group: High UnitedUnited Kingdom Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.65 1/8 29/37 30/128 Government 0.79 10/24 13/37 13/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 2 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.56 0.01 2/8 35/37 59/128 0.82 -0.01 11/24 13/37 13/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.80 0.00 1/8 16/37 16/128 Absence of Corruption 0.82 0.00 7/24 10/37 10/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.36 0.00 5/8 37/37 113/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.79 -0.01 9/24 11/37 11/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 5/8 37/37 98/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.79 -0.03 11/24 13/37 13/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.91 0.00 1/8 7/37 7/128 Order and Security 0.84 -0.01 15/24 22/37 24/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.73 0.00 1/8 18/37 18/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.81 -0.01 9/24 13/37 13/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.68 0.01 1/8 23/37 24/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.71 -0.02 10/24 17/37 17/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.67 0.00 1/8 19/37 19/128 Criminal Justice 0.72 -0.02 9/24 12/37 12/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

United Arab Emirates Middle East & North Africa High United Kingdom EU & EFTA & North America High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.52 4.1 0.64 7.1 0.59 1.1 0.86 4.1 0.67 7.1 0.52 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.55 4.2 0.50 7.2 0.63 1.2 0.82 4.2 0.91 7.2 0.56 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.69 4.3 0.72 7.3 0.83 1.3 0.80 4.3 0.78 7.3 0.91 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.71 4.4 0.33 7.4 0.64 1.4 0.76 4.4 0.84 7.4 0.83 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.33 4.5 0.45 7.5 0.68 1.5 0.84 4.5 0.85 7.5 0.66 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.54 4.6 0.32 7.6 0.68 1.6 0.86 4.6 0.76 7.6 0.70 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.26 7.7 0.69 4.7 0.89 7.7 0.79 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.45 4.8 0.65 2.1 0.77 2.1 0.84 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.88 8.1 0.71 2.2 0.96 8.1 0.67 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.84 5.1 0.92 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.85 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.73 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.70 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.77 2.4 0.64 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.56 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.82 8.4 0.57 5.3 0.70 8.4 0.62 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.80 8.5 0.86 3.1 0.37 3.1 0.89 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.45 8.6 0.85 3.2 0.33 6.1 0.65 3.2 0.67 6.1 0.76 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.72 8.7 0.78 3.3 0.32 6.2 0.88 3.3 0.83 6.2 0.94 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.42 6.3 0.77 3.4 0.77 6.3 0.77 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.67 6.4 0.81 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.65 6.5 0.77 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 153 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean United States Income Group: High Uruguay Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.72 15/24 21/37 21/128 Government 0.71 1/30 22/37 22/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -1 8.38.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 -0.02 16/24 21/37 22/128 0.76 0.01 2/30 15/37 16/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.74 0.00 13/24 19/37 19/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 -0.01 1/30 22/37 22/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.78 0.00 11/24 13/37 13/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.72 0.00 1/30 16/37 16/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.72 0.00 18/24 25/37 26/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.78 0.01 2/30 17/37 18/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.81 0.01 18/24 24/37 28/128 Order and Security 0.69 -0.01 11/30 34/37 74/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.71 -0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.70 0.01 1/30 23/37 23/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 -0.01 18/24 30/37 36/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.74 -0.01 1/30 16/37 16/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.63 0.00 15/24 22/37 22/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.03 6/30 29/37 33/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

United States EU & EFTA & North America High Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.77 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.79 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.82 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.73 4.2 0.85 7.2 0.39 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.85 7.2 0.84 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.66 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.81 1.3 0.69 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.81 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.63 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.67 4.4 0.78 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.79 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.62 1.5 0.78 4.5 0.85 7.5 0.58 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.68 1.6 0.90 4.6 0.78 7.6 0.65 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.86 7.7 0.72 4.7 0.84 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.56 4.8 0.80 2.1 0.73 2.1 0.65 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.89 8.1 0.67 2.2 0.91 8.1 0.39 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.83 5.1 0.84 8.2 0.68 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.53 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.50 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.53 2.4 0.53 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.68 8.4 0.37 5.3 0.42 8.4 0.61 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.78 8.5 0.78 3.1 0.77 3.1 0.72 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.76 8.6 0.73 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.69 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.66 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.63 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.79 6.2 0.88 3.3 0.77 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.80 6.3 0.56 3.4 0.75 6.3 0.58 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.73 6.4 0.62 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.70 6.5 0.82 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

154 Region: EU & EFTA & North America Region: Latin America & Caribbean United States Income Group: High UruguayUruguay Income Group: High The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.72 15/24 21/37 21/128 Government 0.71 1/30 22/37 22/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -1 8.3 1.6 0.00 1 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.71 -0.02 16/24 21/37 22/128 0.76 0.01 2/30 15/37 16/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.74 0.00 13/24 19/37 19/128 Absence of Corruption 0.73 -0.01 1/30 22/37 22/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.78 0.00 11/24 13/37 13/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.72 0.00 1/30 16/37 16/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.72 0.00 18/24 25/37 26/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.78 0.01 2/30 17/37 18/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.81 0.01 18/24 24/37 28/128 Order and Security 0.69 -0.01 11/30 34/37 74/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.71 -0.01 13/24 20/37 20/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.70 0.01 1/30 23/37 23/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.62 -0.01 18/24 30/37 36/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.74 -0.01 1/30 16/37 16/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.63 0.00 15/24 22/37 22/128 Criminal Justice 0.56 0.03 6/30 29/37 33/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

United States EU & EFTA & North America High Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean High

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.77 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.45 1.1 0.79 4.1 0.70 7.1 0.82 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.73 4.2 0.85 7.2 0.39 1.2 0.72 4.2 0.85 7.2 0.84 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.66 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.81 1.3 0.69 4.3 0.63 7.3 0.81 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.63 4.4 0.79 7.4 0.70 1.4 0.67 4.4 0.78 7.4 0.75 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.79 4.5 0.74 7.5 0.62 1.5 0.78 4.5 0.85 7.5 0.58 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.70 4.6 0.82 7.6 0.68 1.6 0.90 4.6 0.78 7.6 0.65 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.86 7.7 0.72 4.7 0.84 7.7 0.74 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.56 4.8 0.80 2.1 0.73 2.1 0.65 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.89 8.1 0.67 2.2 0.91 8.1 0.39 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.83 5.1 0.84 8.2 0.68 2.3 0.82 5.1 0.67 8.2 0.53 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.50 5.2 0.92 8.3 0.53 2.4 0.53 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.28 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.68 8.4 0.37 5.3 0.42 8.4 0.61 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.78 8.5 0.78 3.1 0.77 3.1 0.72 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.76 8.6 0.73 3.2 0.74 6.1 0.69 3.2 0.62 6.1 0.66 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.63 8.7 0.63 3.3 0.79 6.2 0.88 3.3 0.77 6.2 0.82 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.80 6.3 0.56 3.4 0.75 6.3 0.58 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.73 6.4 0.62 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.70 6.5 0.82 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 155 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Uzbekistan Income Group: Lower Middle Venezuela Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 12/14 14/30 92/128 Government 0.27 30/30 42/42 128/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.01 4 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 0.01 13/14 25/30 120/128 0.17 -0.01 30/30 42/42 128/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.40 0.02 10/14 10/30 89/128 Absence of Corruption 0.31 -0.01 28/30 41/42 117/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.33 0.02 14/14 26/30 120/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.28 -0.01 30/30 42/42 125/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.02 13/14 19/30 110/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.31 -0.02* 30/30 40/42 124/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 1/14 1/30 11/128 Order and Security 0.48 0.01 30/30 42/42 123/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 9/14 15/30 96/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.20 0.00 30/30 42/42 128/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.00 7/14 8/30 72/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.27 0.00 30/30 42/42 127/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 0.00 7/14 5/30 66/128 Criminal Justice 0.13 -0.01 30/30 42/42 128/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Uzbekistan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Venezuela Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.15 4.1 0.57 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.32 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.46 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.20 4.2 0.51 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.12 4.2 0.10 7.2 0.52 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.34 1.3 0.06 4.3 0.18 7.3 0.16 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.45 4.4 0.33 7.4 0.29 1.4 0.12 4.4 0.24 7.4 0.05 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.33 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.75 1.5 0.24 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.07 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.50 4.6 0.28 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.19 4.6 0.03 7.6 0.21 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.17 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.29 7.7 0.46 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.47 4.8 0.54 2.1 0.32 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.44 8.1 0.45 2.2 0.16 8.1 0.12 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.39 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.37 5.1 0.26 8.2 0.12 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.46 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.57 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.05 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.81 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.19 8.4 0.13 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.39 8.5 0.28 3.1 0.27 3.1 0.18 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.02 3.2 0.29 6.1 0.62 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.32 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.18 3.3 0.26 6.2 0.46 3.3 0.26 6.2 0.40 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.58 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.11 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.27 6.4 0.01 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.29 6.5 0.14 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

156 Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia Region: Latin America & Caribbean Uzbekistan Income Group: Lower Middle Venezuela,Venezuela RB Income Group: Upper Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.47 12/14 14/30 92/128 Government 0.27 30/30 42/42 128/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.01 4 8.3 1.6 -0.01 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.33 0.01 13/14 25/30 120/128 0.17 -0.01 30/30 42/42 128/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.40 0.02 10/14 10/30 89/128 Absence of Corruption 0.31 -0.01 28/30 41/42 117/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.33 0.02 14/14 26/30 120/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.28 -0.01 30/30 42/42 125/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.41 0.02 13/14 19/30 110/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.31 -0.02* 30/30 40/42 124/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.90 0.00 1/14 1/30 11/128 Order and Security 0.48 0.01 30/30 42/42 123/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.44 0.00 9/14 15/30 96/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.20 0.00 30/30 42/42 128/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.51 0.00 7/14 8/30 72/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.27 0.00 30/30 42/42 127/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.44 0.00 7/14 5/30 66/128 Criminal Justice 0.13 -0.01 30/30 42/42 128/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Uzbekistan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Venezuela,Venezuela RB LatinLatin America America & Caribbean & Caribbean UpperUpper Middle Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.15 4.1 0.57 7.1 0.46 1.1 0.32 4.1 0.51 7.1 0.46 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.20 4.2 0.51 7.2 0.61 1.2 0.12 4.2 0.10 7.2 0.52 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.37 4.3 0.38 7.3 0.34 1.3 0.06 4.3 0.18 7.3 0.16 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.45 4.4 0.33 7.4 0.29 1.4 0.12 4.4 0.24 7.4 0.05 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.33 4.5 0.58 7.5 0.75 1.5 0.24 4.5 0.60 7.5 0.07 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.50 4.6 0.28 7.6 0.45 1.6 0.19 4.6 0.03 7.6 0.21 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.17 7.7 0.67 4.7 0.29 7.7 0.46 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.47 4.8 0.54 2.1 0.32 2.1 0.29 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.44 8.1 0.45 2.2 0.16 8.1 0.12 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.39 5.1 0.89 8.2 0.70 2.3 0.37 5.1 0.26 8.2 0.12 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.46 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.57 2.4 0.42 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.05 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.81 8.4 0.38 5.3 0.19 8.4 0.13 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.39 8.5 0.28 3.1 0.27 3.1 0.18 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 8.6 0.02 3.2 0.29 6.1 0.62 3.2 0.25 6.1 0.32 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.38 8.7 0.18 3.3 0.26 6.2 0.46 3.3 0.26 6.2 0.40 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.51 6.3 0.58 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.11 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.27 6.4 0.01 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.29 6.5 0.14 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 157 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Vietnam Income Group: Lower Middle Zambia Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 11/15 11/30 85/128 Government 0.45 14/31 16/30 97/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 Justice 8.5 1.4 8.48.4 1.5 8.4 1.5 0.00 -2 8.38.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of 8.2 2.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption 8.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 7.7 2.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 0.00 12/15 17/30 95/128 0.46 -0.03 19/31 16/30 94/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4 Government Powers 7.6 2.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 7.5 3.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.01 13/15 8/30 84/128 Absence of Corruption 0.38 -0.02 17/31 14/30 97/128 0 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.01 11/15 12/30 78/128 7.37.3 3.33.3 Open Government 0.38 0.00 19/31 20/30 106/128 7.3 3.3

7.27.2 3.43.4 7.2 3.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 11/15 14/30 101/128 7.17.1 4.14.1 Fundamental Rights 0.42 -0.03 23/31 17/30 106/128 7.1 4.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 6.5 4.2 Order and Security 0.77 -0.01 9/15 3/30 44/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 11/31 9/30 75/128 6.46.4 4.3 6.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.01 14/15 12/30 89/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 19/31 20/30 105/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 6.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.01 11/15 14/30 89/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.47 0.00 14/31 13/30 88/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.46 0.00 9/15 3/30 60/128 Criminal Justice 0.41 -0.03 12/31 7/30 75/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score 2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Vietnam East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.38 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.49 1.1 0.46 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.47 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.36 4.2 0.47 7.2 0.59 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.36 7.2 0.41 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.48 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.60 4.4 0.40 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.55 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.44 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.40 4.5 0.30 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.39 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.40 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.48 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.67 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.37 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.38 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.46 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.38 8.1 0.47 2.2 0.53 8.1 0.48 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.44 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.54 2.3 0.35 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.46 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.46 2.4 0.24 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.25 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.41 8.4 0.52 5.3 0.45 8.4 0.48 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.51 8.5 0.39 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.28 8.6 0.41 3.2 0.35 6.1 0.59 3.2 0.44 6.1 0.49 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.44 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.42 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.41 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.48 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.42 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.41 6.5 0.43 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

158 Region: East Asia & Paci�c Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Vietnam Income Group: Lower Middle ZambiaZambia Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on Constraints on 0.49 11/15 11/30 85/128 Government 0.45 14/31 16/30 97/128 Government Powers Powers 1.1 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.2 Criminal 8.78.7 1.1 1.21.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.6 1.3 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.3 Justice 8.5 1.4 Justice 8.5 1.41.4 8.4 1.5 8.4 1.51.5 0.00 -2 8.3 1.6 -0.01 -3 8.38.3 1.61.6 8.2 2.1 Absence of 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.1 2.2 Corruption 8.18.1 2.22.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.7 2.3 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on Constraints on 0.45 0.00 12/15 17/30 95/128 0.46 -0.03 19/31 16/30 94/128 Government Powers 7.6 2.4 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.5 3.1 7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.42 0.01 13/15 8/30 84/128 Absence of Corruption 0.38 -0.02 17/31 14/30 97/128 0 0 Civil 7.4 3.2 Open Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Justice Government Open Government 0.46 0.01 11/15 12/30 78/128 7.3 3.3 Open Government 0.38 0.00 19/31 20/30 106/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.2 3.4 7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.46 0.00 11/15 14/30 101/128 7.1 4.1 Fundamental Rights 0.42 -0.03 23/31 17/30 106/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.5 4.2 6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.77 -0.01 9/15 3/30 44/128 Order and Security 0.69 0.00 11/31 9/30 75/128 6.4 4.3 6.46.4 4.34.3

6.3 4.4 6.36.3 4.44.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.45 0.01 14/15 12/30 89/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.43 0.00 19/31 20/30 105/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.64.6 Fundamental 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 4.7 Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights 5.2 5.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.46 0.01 11/15 14/30 89/128 Order and Civil Justice 0.47 0.00 14/31 13/30 88/128 Order and Security Security Criminal Justice 0.46 0.00 9/15 3/30 60/128 Criminal Justice 0.41 -0.03 12/31 7/30 75/128

2019-2020 Score 2018-2019 Score 2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High Low Medium High 10 percent level 10 percent level

Vietnam East Asia & Paci�c Lower Middle Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.38 4.1 0.60 7.1 0.49 1.1 0.46 4.1 0.50 7.1 0.47 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.36 4.2 0.47 7.2 0.59 1.2 0.37 4.2 0.36 7.2 0.41 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.52 4.3 0.44 7.3 0.35 1.3 0.48 4.3 0.39 7.3 0.41 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.60 4.4 0.40 7.4 0.33 1.4 0.55 4.4 0.39 7.4 0.44 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.40 4.5 0.30 7.5 0.50 1.5 0.39 4.5 0.63 7.5 0.40 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.45 4.6 0.47 7.6 0.40 1.6 0.48 4.6 0.23 7.6 0.67 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.37 7.7 0.59 4.7 0.38 7.7 0.49 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.61 4.8 0.46 2.1 0.48 2.1 0.40 Labor rights Criminal Justice Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch In the executive branch

2.2 0.38 8.1 0.47 2.2 0.53 8.1 0.48 Order and Security Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.44 5.1 0.90 8.2 0.54 2.3 0.35 5.1 0.62 8.2 0.46 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.37 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.46 2.4 0.24 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.25 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.41 8.4 0.52 5.3 0.45 8.4 0.48 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.51 8.5 0.39 3.1 0.54 3.1 0.25 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.28 8.6 0.41 3.2 0.35 6.1 0.59 3.2 0.44 6.1 0.49 No improper gov't in�uence No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.44 8.7 0.39 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.42 3.3 0.42 6.2 0.41 Due process of law Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.54 6.3 0.48 3.4 0.42 6.3 0.42 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.38 6.4 0.38 Respect for due process Respect for due process

6.5 0.41 6.5 0.43 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 159 Region: Sub-Saharan Africa Zimbabwe Income Group: Lower Middle The scores range from 0 to 1, where 1 signifies the highest possible score and 0 signifies the lowest possible score. Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank Global Rank Constraints on 0.39 28/31 24/30 119/128 Government Powers 1.1 Criminal 8.7 1.1 1.2 Score Change Rank Change 8.68.6 1.31.3 Justice 8.58.5 1.41.4 8.48.4 1.5 -0.01 -1 8.38.3 1.6 8.28.2 2.12.1 Absence of Factor Score Regional Income Global 8.18.1 2.2 Corruption Score Change Rank Rank Rank 0.5 7.77.7 2.32.3 Constraints on 0.33 -0.01 31/31 27/30 122/128 Government Powers 7.67.6 2.42.4

7.57.5 3.13.1 Absence of Corruption 0.32 0.01 24/31 24/30 115/128 0 Civil 7.47.4 3.23.2 Open Justice Government Open Government 0.32 -0.02 29/31 27/30 122/128 7.37.3 3.33.3

7.27.2 3.43.4

Fundamental Rights 0.34 -0.01 31/31 27/30 121/128 7.17.1 4.14.1

6.56.5 4.24.2 Order and Security 0.67 0.00 16/31 15/30 87/128 6.46.4 4.3

6.36.3 4.4 6.2 4.5 Regulatory Enforcement 0.36 -0.02 29/31 28/30 124/128 Regulatory 6.2 4.5 6.16.1 4.6 5.3 4.7 Fundamental Enforcement 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.15.1 4.8 Rights Civil Justice 0.45 -0.01 18/31 19/30 101/128 Order and Security Criminal Justice 0.37 0.00 17/31 14/30 88/128

2020 Score2019-2020 Score2019 Score 2018-2019 Score * Indicates statistically signi�cant change at the Low Medium High 10 percent level

Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle

Constraints on Government Powers Fundamental Rights Civil Justice

1.1 0.32 4.1 0.45 7.1 0.40 Limits by legislature No discrimination Accessibility & affordability

1.2 0.32 4.2 0.26 7.2 0.41 Limits by judiciary Right to life & security No discrimination

1.3 0.46 4.3 0.36 7.3 0.42 Independent auditing Due process of law No corruption

1.4 0.35 4.4 0.27 7.4 0.27 Sanctions for of�cial misconduct Freedom of expression No improper gov't in�uence

1.5 0.27 4.5 0.49 7.5 0.49 Non-governmental checks Freedom of religion No unreasonable delay

1.6 0.24 4.6 0.11 7.6 0.62 Lawful transition of power Right to privacy Effective enforcement

4.7 0.30 7.7 0.53 Absence of Corruption Freedom of association Impartial & effective ADRs 4.8 0.47 2.1 0.31 Labor rights Criminal Justice In the executive branch

2.2 0.43 8.1 0.41 Order and Security In the judiciary Effective investigations

2.3 0.31 5.1 0.63 8.2 0.52 In the police/military Absence of crime Timely & effective adjudication

2.4 0.22 5.2 1.00 8.3 0.35 In the legislature Absence of civil con�ict Effective correctional system

5.3 0.39 8.4 0.35 Open Government Absence of violent redress No discrimination 8.5 0.34 3.1 0.17 Regulatory Enforcement No corruption Publicized laws & gov't data 8.6 0.23 3.2 0.37 6.1 0.43 No improper gov't in�uence Right to information Effective regulatory enforcement 8.7 0.36 3.3 0.28 6.2 0.48 Due process of law Civic participation No improper in�uence

3.4 0.45 6.3 0.30 Complaint mechanisms No unreasonable delay

6.4 0.32 Respect for due process

6.5 0.26 No expropriation w/out adequate compensation

160 Behind the Numbers Methodology Snapshot: Steps to Produce the WJP Rule of Law Index The production of the WJP Rule of Law Index can be summarized in 11 steps:

The WJP developed the conceptual framework summarized in the Index’s nine factors 1 and 47 sub-factors, in consultation with academics, practitioners, and community leaders from around the world.

The Index team developed a set of five questionnaires based on the Index’s conceptual 2 framework to be administered to experts and the general public. Questionnaires were translated into several languages and adapted to reflect commonly used terms and expressions.

The Index team identified, on average, more than 300 potential local experts per country 3 to respond to the QRQs and engaged the services of leading local polling companies to implement the household surveys.

Polling companies conducted pilot tests of the GPP in consultation with the Index team, 4 and launched the final survey for full fieldwork.

The Index team sent the questionnaires to local experts and engaged in continual 5 interaction with them.

The Index team collected and mapped the data onto the eight factors and 44 sub-factors 6 with global comparability that make up the scores and rankings of the WJP Rule of Law Index. The Index scores and rankings exclude the ninth factor and its three sub-factors because they cannot be measured in a comparable manner globally.

The Index team constructed the final scores using a five-step process: 7 a. Codified the questionnaire items as numeric values b. Produced raw country scores by aggregating the responses from several individuals (experts and/or general public) c. Normalized the raw scores d. Aggregated the normalized scores into sub-factors and factors using simple averages e. Produced the normalized scores, which are rounded to two decimal points, and the final rankings

The data was subject to a series of tests to identify possible and errors. For example, 8 the Index team cross-checked all sub-factors against more than 70 third-party sources, including quantitative data and qualitative assessments drawn from local and international organizations.

A sensitivity analysis was conducted by the and Applied Unit of 9 the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with the Index team, to assess the statistical reliability of the results.

To illustrate whether the rule of law in a country significantly changed over the 10 course of the past year, a measure of change over time was produced based on the annual difference in the country-level factor scores, the standard errors of these scores (estimated from a set of 100 bootstrap samples), and the results of the corresponding t-tests.

The data was organized into country reports, tables, and figures to acilitatef their 11 presentation and interpretation. For tables organized by income group, the WJP follows the World Bank income classifications.

162 Methodology Snapshot: Methodology Steps to Produce the WJP Rule of Law Index The WJP Rule of Law Index is the first attempt to systematically and comprehensively quantify the rule of law around the world and remains unique in its operationalization of rule of law dimensions into concrete questions.

The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report presents information on to include nationally representative polls. Toward this end, eight composite factors that are further disaggregated into 44 nationally representative polls have been conducted in 63 specific sub-factors (see page 11). Factor 9, Informal Justice, is countries and jurisdictions covered in the WJP Rule of Law Index included in the conceptual framework, but has been excluded 2020. Nationally representative polls will be conducted in the from the aggregated scores and rankings in order to provide remaining countries and jurisdictions in future editions of the meaningful cross-country comparisons. Index. Depending on the particular situation of each country or jurisdiction, one of three different polling is used: The country scores and rankings presented in this report are face-to-face, telephone, or online. The GPP has been carried out built from more than 500 variables drawn from the assessments in each country or jurisdiction every other year. The polling data of more than 130,000 and 4,000 legal practitioners used in this year’s report was collected during the fall of 2019 (for and experts in 128 countries and jurisdictions, making it the most 10 countries and jurisdictions), fall of 2018 (for 70 countries and accurate portrayal of the factors that contribute to shaping the jurisdictions), fall of 2017 (for 45 countries and jurisdictions), the rule of law in a country. fall of 2016 (for four countries and jurisdictions), the fall of 2014 (for three countries and jurisdictions), the fall of 2012 (for one Data Sources country), and the fall of 2011 (for two countries or jurisdictions). To present an image that accurately portrays the rule of law Detailed information regarding the country or jurisdiction as experienced by ordinary people, each score of the Index is coverage ( covered or nationally representative), the polling calculated using a large number of questions drawn from two companies contracted to administer the questionnaire, and the original data sources collected by the World Justice Project in polling methodology employed in each of the 128 countries and each country or jurisdiction: a General Population Poll (GPP) and jurisdictions is presented on page 166. a series of Qualified Respondents’ Questionnaires (QRQs). These two data sources collect up-to-date firsthand information that is The QRQs complement the household data with assessments not available at the global level, and constitute the world’s most from in-country practitioners and academics with expertise in comprehensive dataset of its kind. They capture the experiences civil and commercial law; constitutional law, , and and perceptions of ordinary citizens and in-country professionals criminal law; labor law; and public health. These questionnaires concerning the performance of the state and its agents and gather timely input on a range of topics from practitioners who the actual operation of the legal framework in their country or frequently interact with state institutions. Such topics include jurisdiction. information on the efficacy of courts, the strength of regulatory enforcement, and the reliability of accountability mechanisms. The GPP surveys provide firsthand information on the experiences and the perceptions of ordinary people regarding The questionnaires contain closed-ended perception questions a range of pertinent rule of law information, including their and several hypothetical scenarios with highly detailed factual dealings with the government, the ease of interacting with state assumptions aimed at ensuring comparability across countries. , the extent of bribery and corruption, the availability The QRQ surveys are conducted annually, and the questionnaires of dispute resolution systems, and the prevalence of common are completed by respondents selected from directories of law crimes to which they are exposed. firms, and colleges, research organizations, and non- governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as through referrals The GPP questionnaire includes 127 perception-based from the WJP global network of practitioners, and all are vetted questions and 213 experience-based questions, along with by WJP staff based on their expertise. The expert surveys are socio-demographic information on all respondents. The administered in five languages: English, French, Portuguese, questionnaire is translated into local languages, adapted to Russian, and Spanish. The QRQ data for this report include common expressions, and administered by leading local polling more than 4,000 surveys, which represents an average of 32 companies using a probability sample of 1,000 respondents.3 In respondents per country. This data was collected from May 2019 previous editions of the Index, the poll has been conducted in through October 2019. the three largest cities of each country or jurisdiction. However, the World Justice Project’s goal was to update its methodology

3 Due to small populations or obstacles to data collection in certain countries, the sampling plan was adjusted in some cases. One adjustment was to decrease the sample size. For more information on specific countries and sample sizes, see pages 166-168.

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 163 Data Cleaning and Score Computation resulting from one-sided violence in each country in a given year Once collected, the data is carefully processed to arrive at due to a specific conflict. In order to determine the changes in country-level scores. As a first step, the respondent level data factor scores in the country profiles, the new calculation method are edited to exclude partially completed surveys, suspicious was applied to both the 2019 and the 2020 scores. data, and outliers (which are detected using the Z-score method). Individual answers are then mapped onto the 44 sub-factors of This year, no new questions or indicators were added to the the Index (or onto the intermediate categories that make up each Index. Overall, 100 percent of questions remained the same sub-factor), codified so that all values fall between 0 (weakest between the 2019 and 2020 editions of the Index. A description adherence to the rule of law) and 1 (strongest adherence to the of the variables is available at: worldjusticeproject.org. rule of law), and aggregated at the country level using the simple (or unweighted) average of all respondents. Tracking Changes Over Time This year’s report includes two measures to illustrate whether This year, to allow for an easier comparison across years, the the rule of law in a country, as measured through the factors resulting 2020 scores have been normalized using the Min-Max of the WJP Rule of Law Index, changed since the previous year. method with a base year of 2015. These normalized scores were One measure is the change in factor score, which is included in then successively aggregated from the variable level all the way the country profiles for each factor in each country. The second up to the factor level to produce the final country scores, rounded measure is a measure of statistically significant changes, both to two decimal points, and rankings. In most cases, the GPP and positive and negative. This measure is presented in the form of QRQ questions are equally weighted in the calculation of the a green or red asterisk and text, and represents a summary of scores of the intermediate categories (sub-factors and sub-sub- rigorous statistical testing based on the use of bootstrapping factors). procedures (see below). For each factor, this measure has no asterisk and is written in black text if there was no statistically A full picture of how questions are mapped onto indicators and significant change in the score since last year. If there was a how they are weighted is available on the WJP Rule of Law Index change leading to a statistically significant improvement in website at worldjusticeproject.org. the score, the change in factor score is written in green text and has a green asterisk. If there was a change leading to a Data Validation statistically significant decline in the score, the change in factor As a final step, data is validated and cross-checked against score is written in red text and has a red asterisk. This measure qualitative and quantitative third-party sources to provide an complements the numerical scores and rankings presented in this additional layer of analysis and to identify possible mistakes or report, which benchmark each country’s current performance inconsistencies within the data. Most of the third-party data on the factors and sub-factors of the Index against that of other sources used to cross-check the Index scores are described in countries. The measure of change over time is constructed in Botero and Ponce (2011).4 three steps:

Methodological Changes to this Year’s Report 1. First, last year’s scores are subtracted from this year’s Every year, the WJP reviews the methods of data collection to obtain, for each country and each factor, the annual to ensure that the information produced is valid, useful, and difference in scores. continues to capture the status of the rule of law in the world. To maintain consistency with previous editions and to facilitate 2. To whether the annual changes are statistically tracking changes over time, this year’s questionnaires and data significant, a bootstrapping procedure is used to maps are closely aligned with those administered in the past. estimate standard errors. To calculate these errors, 100 samples of respondent-level observations (of equal In order to improve the accuracy of the QRQ results and size to the original sample) are randomly selected with reduce respondent burden, proactive dependent interviewing replacement for each country from the pooled set of techniques were used to remind respondents who participated in respondents for last year and this year. These samples last year’s survey of their responses in the previous year. are used to produce a set of 100 country-level scores for each factor and each country, which are utilized to This year, the WJP modified the calculation of the two third party calculate the final standard errors. These errors—which source variables that make up sub-factor 5.2.1, “Armed conflict.” measure the uncertainty associated with picking a The two variables are “number of battle related deaths” and particular sample of respondents—are then employed “number of casualties resulting from one-sided violence,” which to conduct pair-wise t-tests for each country and each both come from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program at Uppsala factor. in Sweden. This change was made to more accurately approximate the number of battle related deaths and casualties

4 Botero, J. and Ponce, A. (2011) “Measuring the Rule of Law”: WJP Working Paper No.1, available at worldjusticeproject.org/publications.

164 3. Finally, to illustrate the annual change, a measure of Using the WJP Rule of Law Index change over time is produced based on the of the The WJP Rule of Law Index has been designed to offer a reliable annual difference and its statistical significance (at the and independent data source for policy makers, businesses, non- 10 percent level). governmental organizations (NGOs), and other constituencies to assess a country’s adherence to the rule of law as perceived and Strengths and Limitations experienced by the average person, identify a country’s strengths The Index methodology has both strengths and limitations. Among and weaknesses in comparison to similarly situated countries, its strengths is the inclusion of both expert and household surveys and track changes over time. The Index has been designed to to ensure that the findings reflect the conditions experienced include several features that set it apart from other indices and by the population. Another strength is that it approaches the make it valuable for a large number of countries, thus providing measurement of rule of law from various angles by triangulating a powerful resource that can inform policy both within information across data sources and types of questions. This and across countries. However, the Index’s findings must be approach not only enables accounting for different perspectives on interpreted in light of certain inherent limitations. the rule of law, but it also helps to reduce possible that might 1. The does not identify priorities be introduced by any other particular data collection method. WJP Rule of Law Index for reform and is not intended to establish or Finally, it relies on statistical testing to determine the significance to ascertain the complex relationship among different of the changes in the factor scores over the last year. rule of law dimensions in various countries.

2. The Index’s rankings and scores are the product of a With the aforementioned methodological strengths come a rigorous data collection and aggregation methodology. number of limitations. First, the data sheds light on rule of law Nonetheless, as with all measures, they are subject to dimensions that appear comparatively strong or weak, but are not measurement error. specific enough to establish causation. Thus, it will be necessary to 3. Given the uncertainty associated with picking a use the Index in combination with other analytical tools to provide particular sample of respondents, standard errors have a full picture of causes and possible solutions. Second, in previous been calculated using bootstrapping methods to test editions of the Index, the methodology has only been applied in whether the annual changes in the factor scores are statistically significant. three major urban areas in each of the indexed countries for the General Population Poll. However, the World Justice Project’s goal 4. Indices and indicators are subject to potential abuse was to update its methodology to include nationally representative and misinterpretation. Once released to the public, they polls. Toward this end, nationally representative polls have been can take on a life of their own and be used for purposes unanticipated by their creators. If data is taken out of conducted in 63 countries and jurisdictions covered in the WJP context, it can lead to unintended or erroneous policy Rule of Law Index 2020. Nationally representative polls will be decisions. conducted in the remaining countries and jurisdictions in future 5. Rule of law concepts measured by the Index may editions of the Index. Third, given the rapid changes to the rule have different meanings across countries. Users are of law occurring in some countries, scores for some countries encouraged to consult the specific definitions of the may be sensitive to the specific points in time when the data was variables employed in the construction of the Index, collected. To address this, the WJP is piloting test methods of which are discussed in greater detail in the methodology section of the WJP Rule of Law Index website. moving averages to account for short-term fluctuations. Fourth, the QRQ data may be subject to problems in measurement error 6. The Index is generally intended to be used in due to the limited number of experts in some countries, resulting in combination with other instruments, both quantitative less precise estimates. To address this, the WJP works constantly and qualitative. Just as in the areas of health or , no single index conveys a full picture of a to expand its network of in-country academic and practitioner country’s situation. Policy-making in the area of rule experts who contribute their time and expertise to this endeavor. of law requires careful consideration of all relevant Finally, due to the limited number of experts in some countries dimensions­­­­­­­­—which may vary from country to country —and a combination of sources, instruments, and (which implies higher standard errors) and the fact that the GPP methods. is carried out in each country every other year (which implies that for some countries, some variables do not change from one year to 7. Pursuant to the sensitivity analysis of the Index data another), it is possible that the test described above fails to detect conducted in collaboration with the Econometrics and Applied Statistics Unit of the European Commission’s small changes in a country’s situation over time. Joint Research Centre, confidence intervals have been calculated for all figures included in theWJP Rule of Law Other methodological considerations Index. These confidence intervals and other relevant A detailed presentation of the methodology, including a table and considerations regarding measurement error are reported in Saisana and Saltelli (2015) and Botero and description of the more than 500 variables used to construct the Ponce (2011). Index scores, is available at: worldjusticeproject.org and in Botero, J. and Ponce, A. (2011) “Measuring the Rule of Law”: WJP Working The following pages (166-168) list the coverage and polling Paper No.1, available at: worldjusticeproject.org/publications. methodology for the GPP in the 128 indexed countries and jurisdictions. WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 165 Country/Jurisdiction Coverage Polling Company Methodology Sample Year

D3: Designs, Data, Decisions & Afghanistan Nationally representative Face-to-face 3019 2019 ACSOR Surveys

Albania Nationally representative IDRA Research & Consulting Face-to-face 1000 2018

WJP in collaboration with local Algeria Nationally representative Face-to-face 1000 2018 partner

Angola Nationally representative Marketing Support Consultancy Face-to-face 1010 2018

Antigua and Barbuda Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 513 2018

Argentina Nationally representative StatMark Group Face-to-face 1010 2018

Big Picture Marketing Strategy & Australia Nationally representative Online 1067 2018 Research

Austria , Graz, Linz YouGov Nordic Online 1008 2017

The Bahamas Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 500 2018

Bangladesh Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna Org-Quest Research Ltd. Face-to-face 1000 2016

Barbados Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 513 2018

Market Research & Polls - EURASIA (MRP-EURASIA)/ Belarus Minsk, Gomel, Mogilev Face-to-face 1000/401 2014/2017 WJP in collaboration with local partner

Belgium Nationally representative YouGov Online 1007 2018

Belize Nationally representative CID-Gallup Face-to-face 1000 2019

Benin Nationally representative Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1010 2018

Bolivia Nationally representative Captura Consulting Face-to-face 1000 2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Tuzla Kantar TNS MIB Face-to-face 1000 2017 Botswana Nationally representative BJKA Consulting Face-to-face 1000 2018

Datum Internacional/About Brazil Brazil São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador Face-to-face 1049 2017 Market Research

Bulgaria Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna Alpha Research Ltd. Face-to-face 1001 2018

Burkina Faso Ouagadougou, Bobo Dioulasso, Koudougou Kantar TNS Face-to-face 1029 2017

Cambodia Phnom Penh, Battambang, Kampong Cham Indochina Research Face-to-face 1000 2014

Cameroon Nationally representative Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1006 2018

Canada Toronto, Montreal, Calgary YouGov Nordic Online 1000 2017

Santiago, Valparaíso/Viña del Mar, Chile Datum Internacional S.A./Cadem S.A. Face-to-face 1003 2017 Antofagasta

WJP in collaboration with local China Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou Face-to-face 508 2018 partner

Colombia Nationally representative Tempo Group Face-to-face 1000 2018

Costa Rica Nationally representative StatMark Group Face-to-face 1030 2019

Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan, Bouaké, Daloa Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1011 2017

Croatia Nationally representative Ipsos Face-to-face 1010 2018

Czech Republic Prague, Brno, Ostrava YouGov Nordic Online 1013 2017

Congo, Dem. Rep. Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Mbuji-Mayi Kantar Public at TNS RMS Senegal Face-to-face 1083 2018

Denmark Copenhagen, Aarhus, Aalborg YouGov Nordic Online 1016 2017

Dominica Nationally representative StatMark Group Face-to-face 500 2018

Dominican Republic Nationally representative CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1014 2018

Ecuador Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca Dichter and Neira Face-to-face 703 2017

WJP in collaboration with local Egypt Cairo, Alexandria, Giza Face-to-face 1000 2017 partner

El Salvador Nationally representative CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1000 2018

Estonia Tallinn, Tartu, Narva Norstat Eesti Online 1010 2017

Ethiopia Addis Ababa, Gondar, Nazret Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1037 2017

Finland , Espoo, Tampere YouGov Nordic Online 1014 2017

France Nationally representative YouGov Online 1040 2018

The Gambia Nationally representative Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1030 2019

ACT Market Research and Consulting Georgia Tbilisi, Batumi, Kutaisi Face-to-face 1000 2017 Company

Germany Nationally representative YouGov Online 1048 2018

166 Country/Jurisdiction Coverage Polling Company Methodology Sample Year

Ghana Nationally representative Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1103 2018

Greece Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras YouGov Nordic Online 1015 2017

Grenada Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 500 2018

Mercaplan & Guatemala Nationally representative Face-to-face 1008 2018 Caribbean

Guinea Conakry, Nzerekore, Kankan Kantar Public at TNS RMS Senegal Face-to-face 1065 2018

Guyana Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam StatMark Group Face-to-face 527 2018

Honduras Nationally representative CID-Gallup Face-to-face 1000 2019

WJP in collaboration with local Hong Kong SAR, China Hong Kong Face-to-face 1004 2017 partner

Hungary Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged Ipsos Hungary Face-to-face 1000 2017

India Nationally representative Market Xcel Data Matrix Pvt. Ltd. Face-to-face 1059 2018

Indonesia Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung MRI (Marketing Research Indonesia) Face-to-face 1004 2017

BJKA consulting with local partner Iran Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan Face-to-face 1010 2018 MHA Research

Italy Rome, Milan, Naples YouGov Nordic Online 1004 2017

Jamaica Nationally representative StatMark Group Face-to-face 1002 2019

Acorn Marketing & Research Japan Nationally representative Online 1000 2018 Consultant (M) Sdn Bhd

WJP in collaboration with local Jordan Nationally representative Face-to-face 1000 2018 partner

Almaty, Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana), WJP in collaboration with local Kazakhstan Face-to-face 1000 2017 Shymkent partner

Kenya Nationally representative Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1099 2018

Kosovo Nationally representative IDRA Research & Consulting Face-to-face 1000 2019

Kyrgyz Republic Nationally representative Ipsos Face-to-face 1000 2018

Lebanon Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon REACH SAL Face-to-face 1000 2017

Liberia Monrovia, Gbarnga and Buchanan Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1113 2018

Madagascar Antananarivo, Toamasina, Antsirabe DCDM Research Face-to-face 1000 2017

Malawi Lilongwe, Blantyre, Mzuzu Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1039 2017

Acorn Marketing & Research Malaysia Klang Valley, Johor Bahru, Ipoh Face-to-face 1000 2017 Consultant (M) Sdn Bhd

Mali Nationally representative Marketing Support Consultancy Face-to-face 1012 2018

Mauritania Nationally representative Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1000 2018

Mauritius Nationally representative DCDM Research Face-to-face 1000 2018

Mexico Mexico , Guadalajara, Monterrey Data Opinión Pública y Mercados Face-to-face 1000 2017

Georgian Opinion Research Business Moldova Chisinau, Balti, Cahul International (GORBI) in collaboration Face-to-face 1043 2017 with local partner

Mongolian Marketing Consulting Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan Face-to-face 1000 2017 Group LLC

WJP in collaboration with local Morocco Casablanca, Fes, Tangier Face-to-face 1000 2017 partner

Mozambique Nationally representative Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1009 2018

Myanmar Survey Research Co., Ltd Myanmar Yangon, Mandalay, Nay Pyi Taw Face-to-face 1000 2018 (MSR)

Namibia Nationally representative Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1001 2018

Nepal Kathmandu, Pokhara, Lalitpur Solutions Consultant Face-to-face 1000 2017

Netherlands Nationally representative YouGov Online 1113 2018

Big Picture Marketing Strategy & New Zealand Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch Online 1000 2017 Research

Nicaragua Nationally representative CID-Gallup Face-to-face 1000 2019

Niger Niamey, Zinder, Maradi Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1011 2018

Nigeria Nationally representative Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1083 2018

North Macedonia Skopje, Kumanovo, Bitola Ipsos dooel Skopje Face-to-face 1017 2017

Norway Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim YouGov Nordic Online 1007 2017

Pakistan Nationally representative Gallup Pakistan Face-to-face 1000 2019

Panama Nationally representative CID-Gallup Face-to-face 1000 2019

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 167 Country/Jurisdiction Coverage Polling Company Methodology Sample Year

Peru Nationally representative Datum Internacional S.A. Face-to-face 1000 2018

Philippines Manila, Cebu, Davao APMI Partners Face-to-face 1008 2016

Poland Warsaw, Krakow, Lodz IQS Sp. z o.o. Face-to-face 1000 2018

Portugal Lisbon, Porto, Amadora YouGov Nordic Online 1016 2017

Acorn Marketing & Research Republic of Korea Nationally representative Online 1000 2018 Consultant (M) Sdn Bhd

Alpha Research Ltd. in collaboration Romania Nationally representative Face-to-face 1000 2018 with local partner

Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk/ WJP in collaboration with local Russian Federation Face-to-face 1000/1000 2016/2018 Nationally representative partner

Rwanda Kigali Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 316 2018

Senegal Pikine, Dakar, Thiès Kantar TNS Face-to-face 1012 2017

Serbia Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš Ipsos Strategic Marketing d.o.o. Face-to-face 1002 2017

Sierra Leone Nationally representative Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1165 2018

Singapore Singapore Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2017

Slovenia Ljubljana, Maribor, Celje Ipsos d.o.o. Face-to-face 1006 2017

South Africa Nationally representative Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1014 2018

Spain Nationally representative YouGov Online 1051 2018

Sri Lanka Colombo, Kaduwela, Maharagama Kantar LMRB Face-to-face 1010 2017

St. Kitts and Nevis Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 500 2018

St. Lucia Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 500 2018 St. Vincent and the Nationally representative DMR Insights Ltd. Face-to-face 500 2018 Grenadines Suriname Nationally representative CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 510 2018

Sweden Nationally representative YouGov Online 1049 2018

Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha Infinite Insight Ltd. Face-to-face 1037 2018

Thailand Bangkok, Nakhon Ratchasima, Udon Thani Infosearch Limited Face-to-face 1000 2018

Togo Nationally representative Marketing Support Consultancy Face-to-face 1005 2018

Trinidad and Tobago Nationally representative CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1006 2018

Tunisia Big Tunis, Sfax, Sousse BJKA Consulting Face-to-face 1001 2017

Turkey İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir Kantar Insights Face-to-face 1039 2018

Uganda Kampala, Nansana, Kira Kantar Public East Africa Face-to-face 1062 2018

Ukraine Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa GfK Ukraine Face-to-face 1079 2017

WJP in collaboration with local United Arab Emirates Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Face-to-face 1011/200 2011/2017 partner

United Kingdom Nationally representative YouGov Online 1056 2018

United States Nationally representative YouGov Online 1086 2018

Uruguay Nationally representative BM Business Partners Face-to-face 1000 2018

Market Research & Polls - EURASIA Uzbekistan Tashkent, Namangan, Samarkand Face-to-face 1000/300 2014/2018 (MRP-EURASIA)/Ipsos

WJP in collaboration with local Venezuela, RB Caracas, Maracaibo, Valencia Face-to-face 1000/1015 2016/2018 partner/Statmark Group

Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Hai Phong Indochina Research (Vietnam) Ltd. Face-to-face 1000/1000 2011/2017

SIS International Research/Intraspace Zambia Lusaka, Kitwe, Chipata Face-to-face 1004/1014 2012/2017 Market Consultancy Ltd.

Zimbabwe Nationally representative Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1001 2018

168 Contributing Experts

The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 was made possible by the generous contributions of academics and practitioners who contributed their time and expertise. The names of those experts wishing to be acknowledged individually are listed below. This report was also made possible by the work of the polling companies who conducted fieldwork, and the thousands of individuals who have responded to the General Population Poll around the world.

Afghanistan Sayed Fazlullah Wahidi Gjergji Gjika Karim Kari Eurico Ndando Afghan NGOs Coordination Gjika & Associates Abdul Hadi Zamani Bureau Khaled Goussanem Gilberto Pelinganga Nangarhar University Idlir Tivari Goussanem & Aloui Law Sayed Ramiz Husaini Tivari & Harecari Islândia Ribeiro Asmand FPJRA Firm Afghan Health and Mehdi Berbagui Orlando Buta Development Services Tareq Eqtedary Irv Vaso Cabinet d'Avocats Mehdi AVM - Advogados e Generation Positive Kalo & Associates Berbagui Associados Baryalai Hakimi Organization Kabul University Jonida Melani (Braja) Mohamed Amin Vicente Pongolola Thomas Kraemer Wolf Theiss Kheireddine CVP-Sociedade de Hashmat Khalil Nadirpor Kakar LLC Ligue Algérienne des Advogados, RL. Legal Support Loren Liço Droits de L'Homme Program Zabihullah Ghazawi Lico & Associates Anonymous Community Action Said Hellal Contributors Jordy de Meij and for Healing Poverty Nensi Seferi Khalid Mohammadi Organization Gjika & Associates Salima Aloui Antigua and Barbuda Kakar Advocates LLC Goussanem & Aloui Law Anonymous Oltjan Hoxholli Firm Damien O. Benjamin Khalid C. Sekander Contributors LPA Law Firm Anaheim Investment Yaya Farouk Group Services Limited Khalid Massoudi Albania Shirli Gorenca Masnad Law Firm Kalo & Associates Anonymous Gaye Hechme Albana Fona Contributors Island Living Investment Mazhar Bangash LPA Law Firm Anonymous Services Ltd. RIAA Barker Gillette Contributors Angola Andia Pustina Hugh Marshall Mohammad Ayub Studio Pustina Algeria Adelino Naquarta Marshall & Co. Yusufzai ADN - Advogados Attorneys-at-Law Afghan Independent Anteo Papa Abderrahmane Talbi Human Rights Fatmir Braka Partners and Adolfo Anibal Pinho Jarid A. Hewlett Commission Associates Adel Messaoudi Faúlho Rasoilo Watt, Dorsett & Co. Ligue Algérienne des Mohammad Nazir Brunilda Subashi Droits de L'Homme Adriano Gaspar Kivinee Knight-Edwards Rasuly Universiteti Ministério da Acção Social, May Knight Law Inc. Organization for People's Adel Rami Família e Promoção da Health in Action Dorant Ekmekçiu Centre Hospitalo- Mulher Tracy Benn-Roberts Hoxha, Memi & Hoxha Universitaire Nedir TBR Conflict Mohammad Shafiq Mohamed de Tizi Ouzou António Cardoso Dias and Legal Services Hamdam Drini Hakorja dos Santos Anti-Corruption Watch Ahmed Ridha Boudiaf Associação dos Anonymous Organization Eglantina Biba Boudiaf et Boudiaf, Scp Assistentes Socias-Angola Contributors Frost & Fire Consulting d'Avocats Organizacional Mushtair Daqiq Argentina Enxhi Kallogjeri Aicha Ladjouze Rezig Armindo Moisés Kasesa Rahmanullah Shahab Frost & Fire Consulting Ligue Algérienne Anti Chimuco Adrian Fernando Otero Afghan Anglo Legal Rhumatismale AMKC Prestação de Fundación Esperanza Consultancy Services Eris Hoxha Serviços SU Limitada Patagonia de Sierra Hoxha, Memi & Hoxha Aissa Touahria Grande Saeeq Shajjan Grant Thornton Barros Gaspar Simão Shajjan & Associates Erlir Puto BCSA Advogados Alberto Gonzalez Torres Puto, Topi & Partners Law Berbar Ababakrine Baker McKenzie Sanzar Kakar Firm Seddik Eduardo Afonso Afghanistan Holding Group Gentiana Agim Tirana Chalal Karima Elsa Tchicanha Gentiana Agim Tirana BCSA Advogados Kahina Bouagache Women Lawyers Group Ernestina da Graça Middle East Francisco WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 169 Alberto Justo Giles Maria Eugenia Montero Greg Patmore Gerhard Jarosch Tavares K. LaRoda Asociación de Abogados Hewlett Packard University of Sydney International Association Sunshine Holdings Ltd. de Merlo Enterprise of Prosecutors James Gillespie Anonymous Alejandro Falcó María Paola Trigiani University of Sydney Isabelle Pellech Contributors Fundación Enlaces para el Alfaro Abogados Desarrollo Sustentable Kate Burns Ivo Greiter Bangladesh Martin Langsam University of Technology Greiter Pegger Kofler & Claudia Viviana Madies Universidad Isalud Partners A. H. M. Belal Universidad Isalud Kate Eastman Chowdhury Mercedes Balado New South Wales Bar Julian Feichtinger FM Consulting Claudio Jesús Santagati Bevilacqua Association Cerha Hempel Spiegelfeld International Defensoria General de MBB Abogados Rechtsanwälte Lomas de Zamora Mary Anne Noone A. S. M. Alamgir Mercedes Lorenzo La Trobe University Karl Stoeger Institute of Epidemiology, Daniela Carrara Hewlett Packard Disease Control and Universidad de Buenos Enterprise Mary E. Crock Research; Ministry of Aires University of Sydney Martin Reinisch Health and Family Nicolas Soler Brauneis Klauser Prändl Dante Graña Merrilyn Walton Rechtsanwälte GmbH Abu Sayeed M. M. Fundación Avedis Omar Eidelstein University of Sydney Rahman Donabedian Argentina LKEC Abogados Martin Risak United Hospital Ltd. Neil James University of Vienna Débora Eliana Fuhr Pablo Alejandro Australia Defence Ali Asif Khan De Dios & Goyena Pirovano Association Rupert Manhart Hossain & Khan Pirovano & Bello Manhart Einsle Partner Associates Diego Silva Ortiz Abogados Nicholas Cowdery Rechtsanwälte Silva Ortiz, Alfonso, Pavic University of New South Anisul Hassan & Louge Sandra Guillan Wales; University of Thomas Frad Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed & De Dios & Goyena Sydney KWR Karasek Wietrzyk Associates Eduardo Alberto Rechtsanwälte Muniagurria Santiago Spadafora Nicola McGarrity Asif Nazrul JP O´Farrell Abogados Universidad Isalud University of New South Thomas Hofmann Wales Pallas Hofmann Ernesto Marcelo Segal Sebastián Lyszyk Rechtsanwaelte Bilqis Amin Hoque Universidad de Buenos Silva Ortiz Alfonso Peter Cashman Partnerschaft Aires Pavic & Louge University of Sydney Darras Abdullah Walter Doralt Tanjib Alam & Associates Federico Borzi Cirilli Anonymous Peter Sainsbury University of Graz Ceballos & Ceballos Contributors Ferdausur Rahman Sean Cooney Walter Rabl A.S. & Associates Francisco Clucellas Australia The University of Medical University of Organización de Servicios Melbourne Innsbruck Gazi Md Rokib Bin Directos Empresarios Anne Cregan Hossain Gilbert + Tobin Simon Rice Anonymous The Legal Circle Guillermo Schor- University of Sydney Contributors Landman Breen Creighton Ibtida Farhat Tropa Fundación Iberoameri- RMIT University Sonia Allan The Bahamas A.S. & Associates cana de Telemedicina Deakin University Brendan Ashdown Candice C. Ferguson Junayed Ahmed Humberto Federico John Toohey Terry Carney Baycourt Chambers Chowdhury Rios University of Sydney Vertex Chambers Estudio Rios Lawyers David Gill Darcel Williamson Hewlett Packard Anonymous The Firm of Higgs and Khandaker Mashfique Joaquin Emilio Zappa Enterprise Contributors Johnson Ahmed JP O´Farrell Abogados Rahman's Chambers Esther Stern Austria Donna Harding-Lee Juan Martín Salvadores Flinders University of Harding-Lee & Company Masud Khan de Arzuaga South Australia Christoph Bezemek Md Khademul De Dios & Goyena University of Graz G. Deon Thompson Choyon Fiona McDonald Sturrup Thompson & Sattar & Co. Juan Vicente Sola Queensland University of Clarissa Nitsch Associates Estudio Sola Technology Binder Grösswang Md Salequzzaman Leah A. Rolle The Legal Era; Lincoln's Lucila Escriña G. D. Edouard Tursan Claudia Habl University of the Bahamas Inn Marval, O'Farrell & Mairal d'Espaignet Austrian Public Health University of Newcastle; Institute GOeG Rhyan A. A. Elliott Mir Shamsur Rahman María Eugenia Cantenys University of New England Higgs & Johnson The University of Asia Marval, O'Farrell & Mairal Clemens Egermann Pacific Grant Niemann Barnert Egermann Sharanda C. Illigasch Attorneys at Law Humes-Forbes Mohammad Rafiqul

170 Islam Chowdhury Alena Salei Sergey Demianenko Jean-Marc Gollier Wayne Piper M. R. I. Chowdhury & Belarus State University; Verkhovodko & Partners Eubelius Law Firm Musa & Balderamos LLP Associates Borovtsov & Salei Tatiana Ignatovskaya Jerome Aubertin Anonymous S. M. Abid Ur Rahman Alexander Stepanovski, Papakul and Stibbe Contributors Daudur Rahman Mina & RMOO Meeting Partners Attorneys at Law Associates Nathalie Vandevelde Benin Alexander Nazarov Vadzim Samaryn Cabinet d'Avocats Sara Hossain Belarusian State Vanderveeren, Thys, Adjowa Jacqueline Bangladesh and Alexander Solopov University Wauters & de Nys Adabra Services Arzinger & Partners Association Femme Action Valentina Komova Patrick Goffaux pour le Développement de Sayeed Abdullah Al Alexandr Moiseenko (Ogarkova) Université Libre de la Famille Mamun Khan Borovtsov & Salei Stepanovski, Papakul and Bruxelles A.S. & Associates Partners Attorneys at Law Agathe Affougnon Ago Alexey Korol Patrick Henry Barreau du Bénin Shakina Akter Stepanovski, Papakul and Vasili Zavadski Barreau de Liège Rahman's Chambers Partners Attorneys at Law TimeAct Annick B. Nonohou Philippe Colle Reseau des Soignants Tanim Hussain Shawon Aliaksei Khvostsik Vassili Salei Vrije Universiteit Brussel Amis des Patients Centrum Praw Czlowieka Borovtsov & Salei Tanvir Quader Viasna Valerie Flohimont Charles Badou Vertex Chambers Viacheslav Shestak University of Namur Cabinet d'Avocats Charles Anastasia Morgun JSC Belvtorchermet Badou & Partners Tasmiah Nuhiya Ahmed Borovtsov & Salei Walter P. Verstrepen Vital Kalyada Elegis Law Firm Chris Balogoun Anonymous Anatoly Leshenok VVK Litigation Squad Chris Balogoun Law Office Contributors People PLUS Anonymous Vladimir Knyazev Contributors Elias Mahoulé Syné Barbados Andrei Famenka Public Association Guidi World Health Polygraphologist Belize Andrew Pilgrim Organization Epiphanie F. Yelome Pilgrim & Associates Yaraslau Halenchyk Adler G. L. Waight Nassou Attorneys-at-Law Antonina Ivanova Stepanovski, Papakul and Barrow & Williams LLP Université de Parakou Partners Attorneys at Law Chester L. Sue Artemev Sergej Deshawn Arzu Torres Gisèle Adounlohoun Chester L. Sue & Co. Belarusian State Yulia Shuba Mckoy Torres LLP Obognon University Borovtsov & Salei Esther Obiora Arthur Emil Arguelles Justine Françoise Rehoboth Law Chambers Daria Sarbay Yury Razvodovsky Arguelles & Company Houzanme REVERA Law Firm National Academy of Réseau des ONG et Ivan Hugh Walters Sciences Estevan Perera Associations de Femmes Onesimus Legal Services Dmitry Kovalchik Estevan Perera & contre la Féminisation du Stepanovski, Papakul and Anonymous Company LLP VIH-SIDA Jaydene O. Thomas Partners Attorneys at Law Contributors Law Chambers Hector D. Guerra Luc Martin Hounkanrin Dmitry Petrovich Belgium Marine Parade Chambers Barreau du Bénin Kathy-A. Hamblin Eduardovich LLP Charlton Chambers Ann Witters Nadine Dossou Dmitry Semashko Claeys & Engels Lissette V. Staine Sakponou Margot Greene Stepanovski, Papakul and Barrow & Williams LLP SCPA Robert M. DOSSOU Ellangowan Strathclyde St. Partners Attorneys at Law Anthony Poppe Michael, Attorneys-at-Law Xirius Partners Natalia Bevans Ogoudjé César Guegni Elena Sheleg Legal Consultancy Firm of Cabinet d'Avocats Charles Nicole Roachford Stepanovski, Papakul and Christoph Van der Elst Bevans and Company Ltd. Badou & Partners Partners Attorneys at Law Tanya A. Hinds Oneyda Flores Piper Sossa Edmond Gbedo Kirill Tomashevski Deirdre Carroll Law Office of Oneyda Ministère de la Santé Anonymous Belarusian State University; Wilson Sonsini Goodrich Flores Piper Contributors International University & Rosati Valentin Akoha MITSO Payal Bhojraj Ghanwani Belarus Freek Louckx Estevan Perera & Yvon Detchenou Ksenia Zhukovskaya Universiteit Antwerpen - Company LLP Aleksandr Dergachov Verkhovodko & Partners Vrije Universiteit Brussel Anonymous Human Rights Center Rodwell Williams Contributors "Spring" Oksana Puchkovskaya Jean Bornet Barrow & Williams LLP Stepanovski, Papakul and Bornet & Associes Bolivia Alena Hodanovich Partners Attorneys at Law Victor Malcolm David Alternative Jean Jacqmain Lizarraga Andrea Nemer Sabag Saman Neharesh Université Libre de Borovtsov & Salei Bruxelles Antonio Peres Velasco

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 171 Arletta Añez Dzeneta Omerdic Sanela Džanić Tapiwa Boipelo Gachala Daniel A. Dourado University of Tuzla Joint Law Office Amela Osei-Ofei Swabi & Co. Universidade de São Paulo Carlos Gerke Siles Pejdah & Sanela Džanić Estudio Jurídico Gerke, Emir Spaho Thuto Gaboipone Daniel Bushatsky Soc. Civ. Law Office Spaho Ltd. Selma Mezetović Međić Senwedi Advocacia Bushatsky University of Sarajevo Bookbinder Business Law Erika Pando Feđa Dupovac Daniel de Pádua Law Office Spaho Ltd. Slaven Dizdar Tshekiso Tshekiso Andrade Ivan Cáceres Ibañez Maric & Co. Law Firm Tshekiso Ditiro & Jani Universidade Federal de Caceres & Asoc. Hana Korać Legal Practice Viçosa International University Tarik Prolaz Ivan Lima Magne of Travnik; Ministry of Tumalano Sekoto Danilo Costa N. A. Leite Centro de Estudios de Internal Affairs, Sarajevo Vjekoslav Domljan Botswana-Harvard AIDS Justicia y Participación Canton Centre for Regional Institute Partnership David Braga Junior Economic Studies Hospital dos Servidores Javier Mir Peña Harun Gadzo Anonymous Públicos do Estado de São Mir & Asociados Abogados Messer Tehnoplin Ltd. Zijad Dzafic Contributors Paulo Laborales University of Tuzla Hodžić I. Edin Brazil Diogo R. Coutinho Jorge Omar Mostajo Zijad Hasić Universidade de São Paulo Barrios Indir Osmic Parliament Bosnia & Alexandre Fragoso Universidad Mayor de San Herzegovina Silvestre Eduardo Pitrez de Andrés Iur Amina Nikolajev Briganti Advogados Aguiar Corrêa University of Sarajevo Zinka Grbo Universidade Federal do Juan José Lima Magne University of Sarajevo Ana Clara Passos Rio Grande Centro de Estudios de Ivanka Marković Presciliano Justicia y Participación Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci Anonymous Universidade Federal de Elival Da Silva Ramos Contributors Minas Gerais Universidade de São Paulo Julio César Landívar Kanita Imamović-Čizmić Castro University of Sarajevo Botswana Ana Paula de Barcellos Emilio Peluso Neder Guevara & Gutiérrez S.C. Universidade do Estado do Meyer Lana Bubalo Abel Modimo Rio de Janeiro Universidade Federal de Nicolás Soliz Peinado University of Stavanger Modimo & Associates Minas Gerais Salazar & Asociados Ana Paula Oliveira Avila Law Office Spaho Bugalo Maripe Universidade Federal do Eraldo Silva Júnior Pedro Barrientos University of Botswana Rio Grande do Sul Defensoria Pública da Universidad Nacional de Lejla Balic União Córdoba University of Sarajevo Buhle Ncube André de Melo Ribeiro Dias Carneiro Advogados; Estêvão Mallet Raul A. Baldivia Mehmed Ganic Kwadwo Osei-Ofei Universidade de São Paulo Universidade de São Paulo Baldivia Unzaga & International University of Osei-Ofei Swabi & Co. Asociados Sarajevo Arthur de Almeida Fabio Martins Di Jorge Matseliso Grace 'Mota Lancellote Matias Advocacia Di Jorge Rosario Baptista Midhat Izmirlija Land Administration Lemos Canedo University of Sarajevo Universidade Federal de Fabio Queiroz Pereira Lavras Universidade Federal de Sandra Salinas Miralem Porobic Moagi Moloi Minas Gerais C.R.& F. Rojas Abogados Advokatska Kancelarija Minchin & Kelly Carlos Ayres Porobic Maeda, Ayres e Sarubbi Fabio Ulhoa Coelho Sergio Reynolds Ruiz Nako Bo Tebele Advogados Pontifícia Universidade Bufete Reynolds Legal Mirela Cokic-Dzinic Ramalepa Attorneys Católica de São Paulo Advice University of Tuzla Carolina Bessa Ferreira Neo Ann-Ruth Sekhobe de Oliveira Felipe Asensi Anonymous Mirjana Šarkinović Rahim Khan & Company Universidade do Estado do Contributors Attorney's Office Mirjana Attorneys Carolina Dzimidas Rio de Janeiro Šarkinović Haber Bosnia and Herzegovina Olebile Daphney Muzila Defensoria Pública do Fernanda Vargas Mirza Dzevdetbegovic Bookbinder Business Law Estado do Rio de Janeiro Terrazas Adnan Duraković Joint Law Firm Kenan Conselho Nacional de University of Zenica Elezovic and Mirza Patrick I. Akhiwu Carolina Giesbrecht Secretarias Municipais de Dzevdetbegovic Pakmed Group Forte Korbage de Saúde Andrea Zubovic- Castro Devedzic Nasir Muftic Piyush Sharma Korbage de Castro Fernando Aith University of Sarajevo Piyush Sharma Attorneys Sociedade de Advocacia Universidade de São Paulo Bahrija Umihanic University of Tuzla Nihad Sijerčić Shakila Khan Conrado Hübner Fernando Menezes Karanovic & Partners Khan Mendes Universidade de São Paulo Boris Stojanovic University of São Paulo Osman Sinanovic Tachilisa Badala Balule Denis Pajić University of Tuzla University of Botswana Dandara Ramos University Džemal Bijedić CIDACS - Fiocruz Bahia

172 Flávia Souza Máximo Maria Celina Bodin de Raquel Betty de Castro Victor Hugo Criscuolo Vyara Veselinova Pereira Moraes Pimenta Boson Tomova Universidade Federal de Pontifícia Universidade Regional do Universidade Federal do Penkov, Markov & Ouro Preto Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Trabalho da 3ª Região Sul da Bahia Partners Law Firm Rio de Janeiro State Gabriel Alves da Costa University Raquel Lima Scalcon Anonymous Anonymous Shell Brasil Petróleo Ltda. Alexander von Humboldt Contributors Contributors Maria Clara Oliveira Foundation Gerson Luiz Carlos Santos Bulgaria Burkina Faso Branco Universidade Federal de Roberta de Freitas Universidade Federal do São João del-Rei Campos Delchev & Partners Law Abdoulaye Soma Rio Grande do Sul Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Firm Maria Clara Versiani de Abdrmane Berthe Guilherme Bier Barcelos Castro Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de Denitsa Rukanova Université de Dédougou et Rossi, Maffini, Milman & Universidade Federal de Azevedo Anti-Corruption Fund Centre Muraz Grando Advogados Minas Gerais Pontifícia Universidade Foundation Católica do Rio Grande Aimée Djiguimdé Guilherme de Maria Fernanda do Sul Desislava Anastasova Association Peace for All France Tourinho Peres Cameron McKenna Fundação Getulio Vargas Universidade de São Paulo Rodrigo Giordano de Nabarro Olswang LLP Alexandre L. Daboné Castro Barreau du Burkina Faso; Heloisa Estellita Mariana Alves Lara Peixoto & Cury Advogados Gergana Ilieva SCPA HOREB FGV Direito Universidade Federal de Sofia Minas Gerais Rômulo Soares Apollinaire Joachimson Henry Colombi Valentini Ivelina Vassileva Kyélem de Tambèla Universidade Federal de Marta Rodriguez de FPL Educacional Schoenherr Attorneys at Barreau du Burkina Faso Minas Gerais Assis Machado Law FGV Direito Ronaldo Lourenço Arnaud Koulika Jéssica Gomes da Mata Munhoz Iveta Manolova Nikiema Universidade de São Paulo Matheus C. Alcantara Lourenço Munhoz Cameron McKenna Centre d'Études et de Viana Advogados Associados Nabarro Olswang LLP Recherche sur les TIC et la João Augusto Gameiro Viana e Azevedo Cyberactivité Trench Rossi e Watanabe Advogados Sara Carvalho Matanzaz Jean F. Crombois Advogados Ferreira de Melo American University in Baimanai Angelain Poda Mauricio Faragone Advogados Bulgaria Université Ouaga II José Ricardo dos Santos Faragone Advogados Luz Junior Sergio Nelson Jenia Dimitrova Bannitouo Some Braga Nascimento e Zilio Michael Freitas Mannheimer Cameron McKenna Advogados Associados Mohallem Mannheimer, Perez e Lyra Nabarro Olswang LLP Bernard Ilboudo Fundação Getulio Vargas Advogados Ministère de la Santé Konstantin Gerber Lachezar Raichev Pontifícia Universidade Nina Ranieri Sheila Neder Cerezetti Penkov, Markov & Boubacar Nacro Católica de São Paulo Universidade de São Paulo Universidade de São Paulo Partners Law Firm Center Hospital University Sourou Sanou Leandro Bonini Farias Ordélio Azevedo Sette Soraia Ghassan Saleh Lucia F. Miree Coutinho e Farias Azevedo Sette Advogados Saleh Advogados American University in Boubakar Toure Sociedade de Advogados Associados Bulgaria Université Joseph Ki- Paula Rocha Gouvêa Zerbo Lenir Santos Brener Sueli Gandolfi Dallari Maya Aleksandrova Instituto de Direito Universidade Federal de Universidade de São Paulo Cameron McKenna Etienne Seni Sanitario Aplicado Minas Gerais Nabarro Olswang LLP Cabinet Futurjuris Teresa Ancona Lopez Ligia Bahia Paulo Rogério Sehn Universidade de São Paulo Momyana Guneva Hama A. Diallo Universidade Federal do Trench Rossi e Watanabe Burgas Free University Université Joseph Ki- Rio de Janeiro Advogados Thiago Bottino Zerbo FGV Direito Nikolai Hristov Luciano Feldens Paulo Sergio João Medical University of Sofia Hamidou Lamoussa Pontifícia Universidade Pontifícia Universidade Thiago Lopes Cardoso Ouattara Católica do Rio Grande Católica de São Paulo Campos Pavel Petkov Societe Civile do Sul Instituto de Direito Professionnelle d'Avocats Rachelle Balbinot Sanitario Aplicado Petko Salchev Marcia Vilapiano IMED National Center of Public Gomes Primos Valeria Penna Health and Analyses Harouna Kadio Primos e Primos Rafael Villac Vicente de Universidade Federal do Advocacia Carvalho Rio de Janeiro Stanley B. Gyoshev Hervé B. N. Kpoda Peixoto & Cury Advogados University of Exeter Centre MURAZ Márcio Souza Vanessa Chiari Guimarães Raoni Macedo Gonçalves Victor Gugushev Hien Ollo Larousse Márcio Guimarães Bielschowsky Universidade Federal do Gugushev & Partners Law Advogados Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul Office Irène Victoria Nebie Uberlândia Societe d'Avocats Horeb

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 173 Issoufou Tiendrebeogo Vichuta Ly Noé Momha Michel W. Drapeau Jorge Bofill Genzsch AAS Burkina Legal Support for Children Groupement Inter- University of Bofill Escobar Silva and Women Patronal du Cameroun Abogados K. Paulin Somda Steven Barrett Ministère de la Santé Anonymous Oscar Tsamayem Goldblatt Partners Jorge Canales G. Contributors Dongkeu Kennedys Law Kalhoule Ousmane Thomas A. Cromwell Alexandre Cameroon Polycarp Forkum Borden Ladner Gervais Juan Ignacio Chamorro United Nations LLP Sepúlveda Kassem Salam Alain Bruno Woumbou Organisation Stabilization AMLV Abogados Sourwema Nzetchie Mission Titilola Ayotunde-Rotifa Université Ouaga II Juan Pablo Cox Asibong Queenta Roland Abeng Ulisce Desmarais Leixelard Leticia Sauret-Sakana The Abeng Law Firm The Abeng Law Firm Desmarais Desvignes Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Centre MURAZ Crespo Buokejung Nsen Abeng Tarh Besong Frambo Luis Felipe Hubner Mahamadou Barro Civitas Cameroon The Global Citizen's Anonymous UH&C Abogados Université Joseph Ki- Initiative Contributors Zerbo Charles Harold Kooh Luis Parada The Abeng Law Firm Zakariaou Njoumemi Chile DLA Piper Monique Ilboudo Development Results Eleanor Mah Asaa Group; Université de Alvaro Mendoza Manuel Jimenez Patrick G. Ilboudo Rights Aid for Women Yaoundé I Aylwin Mendoza Luksic & Pfingsthorn Agence de Medecine Valencia Jara del Favero & Ried Preventive Epanty Mbanda Anonymous Fabres D. Moukouri & Partners Contributors Andrea Abascal S. Ibrahim Guitanga Law Firm Jara del Favero & Ried Manuel Jose Fernandez Barreau du Burkina Faso; Canada Fabres Barros SCPA HOREB Gbaka Ernest Acho Gbaka & Co. Alexander Crizzle Carlos Ossandon Salas Marcelo Alfredo Villalón Simon Kabore University of Eluchans y Compañia Calderón Réseau Accès aux Henry Usim Kalle Saskatchewan Abogados Universidad de Chile Médicaments Essentiels Hyacinthe Fansi Amir Attaran Caterina Guidi Moggia María Inés Horvitz Souleymane Ngassam, Fansi & Mouafo University of Ottawa Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Lennon Tassembedo Avocats Associés Universidad de Chile Centre MURAZ Brian Langille Cristóbal Bonacic M. Isidore Baudouin University of Toronto Pontificia Universidad María Isabel Cornejo Ter Tiero Elias Dah Ndzana Católica de Chile Plaza Centre MURAZ Cabinet ISN Consultant Brooks Arcand-Paul Universidad de Chile Indigenous Bar Debora Espinoza Elo Tiendrebeogo T. l. J. J. Claude Siewe Association in Canada Martín Besio Stephane Siewe & Partners Law Firm Edmundo Varas Karmy Hernández Carolyn Greene Morales & Besa Universidad Diego Anonymous Jasmine Diane Silabing Athabasca University Portales Contributors Tcheungouo Epse Fernando Jamarne Ouethy Daniel M. Campbell Alessandri Attorneys at Michele Daroch Cambodia Cabinet d'Avocats Meuke Cox & Palmer Law Sagredo Abdala & Cía. Chak Sopheap Joseph Ngoupayo Dwight Newman Fernando Lolas Stepke Cambodian Center for Université de Yaoundé I University of Universidad de Chile Omar Morales Human Rights Saskatchewan Montt y Cía. Abogados Laurence Idelette Fernando Maturana Fil B. Tabayoyong, Jr. Djeutchou Mouafo Fabien Gélinas Crino Patricio Morales Pannasastra University of NFM Avocats Associés McGill University Eyzaguirre y Cía., Aguirre Cambodia Abogados Pérez Donoso Estudio Michel Antoine Mben Gaynor Roger Jurídico Kimheang Long Kanga Shibley Righton LLP Gabriela Novoa NFM Avocats Associés Red de Salud UC Ramon Garcia Odgers Sereyrath Kiri Graham J. Reynolds CHRISTUS Universidad Católica de Husky & Partners Nadine Bethmba Yanou University of British Concepcion Columbia Gonzalo Hoyl Moreno Sophea Im Njang Simon Enow Hoyl Alliende & Cía. Raúl Novoa Galán Integrated Solutions & MBI Nchenge Law Jabeur Fathally Abogados Development Consulting Chambers Université d'Ottawa Ricardo Lillo Humberto A. Sánchez Universidad Diego Sopheak Loeung Njini Futrih Ngong Rose Karen Busby Pacheco Portales BNG Legal Regional Hospital Bamenda University of Manitoba Proyecto Inocentes Defensoría Penal Pública Ricardo Reveco Urzúa Léo Fugazza Carey Law Firm

174 Zarko Luksic Sandoval Claudia Maria Velez Martha Peñuela Christian Bahati Hugues Ngoy Nsenga AMLV Abogados Velez Universidad del Norte Bahalaokwibuye Division de la Santé du Universidad de Medellin Marcalex Law Firm; Haut Katanga Anonymous Patricia Moncada Roa Université Catholique de Contributors David F. Varela Universidad de los Andes Bukavu et Avocat Huguette Sesep Agencia Norteamericana China de Desarrollo Internacional; Patricia Vergara Christian Luzombe Jacques Djoli Banco Inter-Americano de Gómez - Pinzón Abogados Société Civile Force Vive Université de Kinshasa He Qingjie Desarrollo; Banco Mundial S.A.S. de la RDC Yunnan Provincial Health Jean Claude Ngoy Simbi Development Research Eduardo Cardenas Rafael H. Gamboa Clement Shamashanga Direction du Programme Center Dentons Cardenas & Bernate Minga Élargi de Vaccination de Cardenas Data & Tic Consultores Centre de Recherches la RDC Jianhong Liu et d'Etudes sur l'Etat de Elizabeth Castillo Raúl Alberto Suárez Droit en Afrique Jean Kankolongo Senga Castillo Arcila Tumiladi Kaiming Liu Coco Koyalua The Institute of Enrique Alvarez Ricardo Posada Maya Jean Michel Kumbu Ki Contemporary Lloreda Camacho & Co. Universidad de los Andes Dan Nshokano Mgimbi Observation Kashironge Université de Kinshasa Fernando Arteaga Román Restrepo Villa MERCALEX - Legal and Xinfeng Suárez Universidad de Antioquia Business Consulting Firm Jean Michel Mvondo Jiangsu Dongyin Law Firm Universidad del Valle Réseau d'Education Anonymous Déogratias Nyombo Civique au Congo Anonymous Guillermo Hernando Contributors Busangu Contributors Bayona Combariza Réseau Nationale Jean Paul Habibu Safari Congo, Dem. Rep. des ONG pour le Colombia Gustavo Quintero Développement de la Jean Pierre Ostchudi Navas Adolphe Kilomba Femme Omanga Abelado De La Espriella Asesores Juridicos y Sumaili Cabinet d'Avocats De la Espriella Lawyers Consultores Empresariales Congolese Centre of Emmanuel Kabupwe Otschudi Omanga and Enterprise S.A.S. Transitional Justice Cabinet Emery Mukendi Associates Wafwana Alba Yaneth Rincón Hernando Nieto Adonis Bope Jean-Paul Divengi Méndez Asociación Colombiana de Ngoloshanga Fabrice Konzi Yembamo Nzambi Universidad Industrial de Salud Pública RCP/Médias ASBL Siamo Fondation Bongisa Mokili Santander Journalisme Libre en Ignacio Santamaría Alain M. Iyeti Afrique Joseph Antoine Ngoto Alfonso Plana Bodén Lloreda Camacho & Co. Direction d'Etudes et Ngoie Ngalingi ARI Consulting Group Planification du Ministère Freddy Mulamba Université de Kisangani S.A.S. Jaime Lombana Villalba de la Santé Senene Jaime Lombana Villalba & Centre d'Arbitrage du Joseph Kayembe Angela Maria Ruiz Abogados Balingene Kahombo Congo Mutamba Sternberg Université de Goma Universidad del Rosario Jairo Humberto Genèse Bibi Laurent Okamo Okuma Restrepo Zea Benjamin Ifeka Centre de Recherches Okuma Law Office Bernardo Carvajal Universidad de Antioquia Momponza et d'Etudes sur l'Etat de Sanchez Bertin Boki Ezabu Droit en Afrique Lebrun Kembo Nsayi Bernardo Carvajal & Joe Bonilla Gálvez Droits Pour Tous ASBL Fondation Bongisa Mokili Asociados Muñoz Tamayo & Grace Beda Mbazi Asociados Abogados S.A.S. Beya Siku Université de Goma Marcellin Lebon Kalera Camilo Torres-Serna Université de Kinshasa Barreau de Goma; Universidad Santiago de Jorge Acosta-Reyes Grâce Muwawa Université de Goma Cali Universidad del Norte Bienfait Uwimana Université de Goma Gustave Booloko Marie Nyombo Zaina Carlos Andrés Gómez Jorge Enrique Galvis N'Kelly Réseau Nationale González Tovar Bruno Lapika Dimomfu Fondation Tohangi pour le des ONG pour le Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lloreda Camacho & Co. Université de Kinshasa Developpement Développement de la Lozano Femme Luis Alberto Tafur Cédric Mayuba Gustave Kingoma Carlos Arturo Toro Calderón Mokangani Barreau de Moîse Abdou Muhima López Universidad del Valle Cour Constitutionnelle Kinshasa-Gombe Centre de Recherches et de la République d'Etudes sur l'Etat de Droit Carlos M. Molina Luisa Fernanda Cuéllar Démocratique du Congo; Guy Loando Mboyo en Afrique; Université de Arrubla Ramírez Université de Kinshasa GLM & Associates Kinshasa Molina Diaz & Abogados Rama Judicial- Seccional Caquetá Charles-Mugagga Hector Lubamba Nicaise Chikuru Carolina Fernandez Mushizi Bashushana Ngimbi Munyiogwarha Gomez Marcela Castro Ruiz Centre d'Echanges pour Barreau de Chikuru & Associés Universidad de los Andes des Réformes Juridiques et Kinshasa-Gombe Institutionnelles

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 175 Patrick Nsimba Mata Armando Guardia Randall Madrigal Patrice K. Kouassi Marko Lovrić Club des Amis Damien Guardia & Cubero Madrigal Marko Lovrić Law Office Colegio de Farmacéuticos Pierre Diavatche Paul Kabongo Arnoldo Andre Tinoco de Costa Rica Ordre des Avocats de Côte Martina Kolar Lexincorp d'Ivoire Rachel Kangila Kamesa Rodrigo Oreamuno Rudolf Gregurek Centre de Recherches Benjamin Gutierrez Séhéna-Dramane University of Zagreb et d'Etudes sur l'Etat de Contreras Rubén Hernández Valle Cabinet d'Avocats Hivat et Droit en Afrique BG&A Abogados Universidad de Costa Rica Associés Tomislava Furcic Corporativos Law Office Tomislava Rodino Tshibuyi Sergio Amador Hasbun Séraphin Nene Furcic Mbuyandayi Carlos H. Pacheco Batalla Legal Université de Bouaké AB&P Abogados Višnja Drenški Lasan Roger Kabeya Susana Fallas Barboza Simone Assa-Akoh Law Firm Višnja Drenški Barreau de Carmen Zúñiga Aselecom Abogados Association des Femmes Lasan Kinshasa-Gombe Quesada Juristes de Côte d'Ivoire GLC Abogados Tomás Quirós Jiménez Zlata Đurđević Roger Mukendi M. Central Law Souleymane Sakho University of Zagreb Réseau Nationale Daniela Durán Azofeifa Scpa Sakho-Yapobi-Fofana des ONG pour le Aselecom Abogados Victoria van Ginkel & Associes Zoran Vukic Développement de la Mourelo Vukic & Partners Law Firm Femme Enrique López Jiménez Bufete Guardia & Cubero Tigby Junior Franck Dentons Wilfried Anonymous Roger Mulamba Anonymous Ivoire-Juriste Contributors Katamba Ewald Acuña Blanco Contributors Cabinet d'Avocats RMK & Bufete Acuña & Asociados Anonymous Czech Republic Associes Cote d'Ivoire Contributors Federico Morales Arkady Alexandrov Samy Samutondi Chaves Aliou Niangadou Croatia Ikomba Central Law Daniel Bartoň Conseil Supérieur de la Arsene Dable Alan Bosnar Magistrature; Université Francisco José Aguilar University of Rijeka Jan Hurdík de Kinshasa Urbina Bernice N'Guessan and Masaryk University Comité de Derechos Cynthia N'Guessan Alan Soric Symphorien Kapinga K. Humanos Soric & Tomekovic Dunda Jan Poláček Nkashama Diallo Sissoko Attorneys Poláček, Tryznová & Prud- Centre de Recherches J. Federico Campos Genevieve lová, Attorneys at Law et d'Etudes sur l'Etat de Calderón Réseau Paix et Sécurité Anita Krizmanić Droit en Afrique Lexpenal Abogados; des Femmes de l'Espace Macesic & Partners Law Jiří Andrýsek Universidad de Costa Rica Offices Thérèse Mambu Nyangi Eric Bably Jitka Kadlcikova Mondo José Antonio Muñoz BK & Associés Arsen Bacic Schoenherr Attorneys at Université de Kinshasa Dentons Muñoz Croatian Academy of Law Fotienworo Mathias Science and Arts Toussaint Kwambamba Kendall David Ruiz Coulibaly Juraj Juhás Bala Jiménez Societe d'Avocats Boris Kozjak Glatzová & Co. s.r.o. Barreau de Kinshasa- Aselecom Abogados Jurisfortis Boris Kozjak Law Firm Matete; University of Lukáš Prudil Bandundu; Université Luis González Aguilar Geraldine Boris Šavorić AK PRUDIL a spol., s.r.o. Catholique du Congo Universidad de Costa Rica Odehouri-Koudou Šavorić & Partners LLC Barreau de Côte d'Ivoire Michal Peškar Vianney Kanku María del Rocío Quirós Branko Smerdel Action Contre l'Impunité Arroyo Jean-Louis Flaubert University of Zagreb Pavel Holec pour les Droits Humains Bufete AG Legal Lobe Holec, Zuska & Partneri Institut International de la Darko Jurišić s.r.o. Yves-Junior Lumingu Rafael Quirós Haute Pratique du Droit General Hospital Manzanza Bustamante "Dr. J. Benčević" Radek Matouš Université de Kikwit Central Law Jules Gotre Eversheds Sutherland Amepouh Floriana Bulić-Jakuš Dvořák Hager Anonymous Rafael Rodriguez University of Zagreb Contributors Salazar Kignaman Soro Simona Stočesová La Firma de Abogados CR KS & Associés Ivana Manovelo University of West Costa Rica Macesic & Partners Law Bohemia Ramón María Yglesias Kouame Yves Roland Offices Alexa Narváez Arauz Piza Yao Stepan Holub Lexincorp Bufete Mora, Yglesias & Roy International Ivo Grga Holubova Advokati s.r.o. Asociados Alvaro Aguilar Paterne Mambo Mario Krka Tomas Cihula Aguilar Castillo Love Université Félix Kinstellar Houphouët-Boigny Marko Borsky

176 Tomáš Láska Dominica Jefrey Lizardo Trajano Vidal Gustavo Ortega Trujillo KF Legal Instituto Tecnológico de Potentini A. Ortega Abogados & Charlotte Jeremy-Cuffy Santo Domingo Fundación Justicia y Asociados Tomas Matejovsky Crossroads Centre Transparencia Cameron McKenna Jesus Feris-Iglesias James Pilco Luzuriaga Nabarro Olswang LLP Gina J. Fundación Dominicana de Virgilio A. Mendez Universidad del Azuay Norde and Lambert Infectologia, Inc. Amaro Veronika Prudlová Chambers Mendez & Asociados Jamil Castro Solorzano Poláček, Tryznová & Juan Manuel Suero Prudlová, Attorneys at Anonymous Aaron Suero & Pedersini Anonymous José Antonio Law Contributors Contributors Bustamante Salvador Juan Vizcaíno Canario Bustamante & Vojtech Steininger Dominican Republic AbogadoSDQ Ecuador Bustamante Law Firm Hartmanova & Steininger Alberto A. Biaggi Julio Cesar De la Rosa Alberto Vivanco Aguirre José Luis Tapia Zuzana Candigliota Dimitri Tiburcio González Peñaherrera & Biaggi Attorneys at Law Alianza Dominicana Asociados Abogados Jose Ontaneda Anonymous Contra la Corrupción Ontaneda & Posso Contributors Alfredo Lachapel Alexis Noboa Arregui Abogados Lachapel Toribio - Kelvin W. Herrera Cevallos & Noboa Estudio Denmark Abogados, S.R.L. Escuela de Formación y Jurídico Juan Carlos Riofrío Capacitación Ciudadana Martínez-Villalba Anne Brandt Arismendi Díaz Santana Alfredo G. Brito Universidad de los Christensen Loraine Maldonado Brito & Pinto Hemisferios Advokatfirmaet Brandt Carlos Alfredo Sosa De Mesa Abogados Christensen La Cruz Ana Belen Posso Juan José Campaña del Universidad Autónoma de Manuel Alejandro Ruiz Fernandez Castillo Christian Bay Nielsen Santo Domingo; Oficina Arias Ontaneda & Posso Larrea y Asociados STORM Advokatfirma Nacional de Estadísticas Abogados Manuel Colomé Julio Enrique Neira Christian Bentz Denny E. Díaz Mordán Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Bryan Abdón Mendoza García LIND Advokataktieselskab Universidad Nacional Hugo Mendoza Muñoz Colectivo Feminista Tejido Pedro Henríquez Ureña Universidad Laica Eloy Diverso Dan B. Geary María Esther Fernández Alfaro de Manabí Bech-Bruun Law Firm Elisabetta Pedersini A. De Pou Lucía Andrade Martínez Aaron Suero & Pedersini Raful Sicard Polanco & Carlos Carrasco Yépez Asociación de Municipalidades Hans Henrik Edlund Fernández AC Abogados & Ecuatorianas Aarhus University Fabiola Medina Garnes Consultores Medina Garrigó Abogados Mary Fernández Luis Ponce Palacios Jacob Schall Holberg Rodríguez Ciro Pazmino Zurita Estudio Jurídico Quevedo Bech-Bruun Law Firm Fernando J. Jiménez Headrick Rizik Alvarez & P&P Abogados & Pone Puello Herrera Oficina de Fernández Jakob S. Johnsen Abogados & Notaría Claudia Storini Marcelo Proaño HjulmandKaptain Rafael Manuel Universidad Andina Simón Paredes Fernando Roedan Lamarche Bolívar Pontificia Universidad Jannik Haahr Antonsen Roedán & Asociados Fundación Dominicana Católica del Ecuador Codex Advokater P/S contra el Mal de Parkinson Diego Almeida-Guzman Georges Santoni Recio Almeida Guzman & Mario I. Armendáriz Y. Jens Rye-Andersen Russin Vecchi & Heredia Roberto Medina Reyes Asociados Law Firm Armendáriz & Andino Advokatfirmaet Eurojuris Bonetti Jorge Prats Abogados & Abogados Aalborg Consultores Elizabeth Grijalva Yerovi Gianna D`Oleo Fernando Sacoto Mary Cabrera Paredes John Brodersen Doleo Consulting Rodolfo Mesa Ecuadorian Public Health Sendas University of Copenhagen Mesa Abogados Society Gilbert M. De la Cruz Miguel Ángel Gavilánez Kim Trenskow Álvarez Rosa Ypania Burgos Francisco Dávalos Guerrero Kromann Reumert Universidad Nacional Minaya Morán Universidad Estatal de Pedro Henríquez Ureña Universidad Autónoma de González Peñaherrera & Bolívar Marianne Granhøj Santo Domingo Asociados Abogados Kromann Reumert Henry Montás R. Pablo Andino Fiallos Montas Abogados Smerly Rodriguez Gerardo Aguirre Vallejo Armendáriz & Andino Poul Hvilsted Jimenez Estudio Juridico Vivanco & Abogados Horten Law Firm Iván A. Cunillera Fundación Justicia y Vivanco Alburquerque Transparencia Ramiro Echeverria Tapia Trine Binderup William Cunillera & Gustavo Arrobo Universidad San Francisco ADVODAN Aalborg A/S Asociados Stalin Ciprián Moncayo de Quito Ciprián Arriaga & Asocs. González Peñaherrera & Anonymous Jaime M. Senior Asociados Abogados Renato Enríquez M. Contributors Fernández Teresa Mártez FEXLAW Headrick Rizik Alvarez & Fernández

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 177 Rosa Cecilia Baltazar Arturo Magaña Jose Ernesto Sanchez Kari Käsper Hiruy Wubie Yucailla Alvarado y Alvarado Arias Law Estonian Human Rights Gebreegziabher Movimiento Indígena y Abogados Centre La Trobe University Campesina de Tungurahua Jose Roberto Romero Benjamin Valdez Iraheta Romero Pineda & Madis Kiisa Khalid Kebede Gelaw Santiago Salazar Benjamin Valdez & Asociados Laus & Partners Law Bahir Dar University Intriago Asociados Office Sempertegui Abogados Josué Lemus Kidist Sheferaw Camila Villafuerte Arias Law Maksim Greinoman Santiago Solines Romero Pineda & Advokaadibüroo Kumlachew Dagne Moreno Asociados Kelly Beatriz Romero Greinoman & Co. Kumlachew Dagne and Solines & Asociados Rodríguez Associates Law Office Abogados Carlos Arturo Nassar Abogados Margit Vutt Muyshondt of Estonia Matias Girma Sylvia Bonilla Bolaños Muyshondt & Asociados Marcella Romero Matias Law Office Comisión Ecuménica de Dentons Muñoz Merle Erikson Derechos Humanos Carlos Enrique Castillo University of Tartu Mehari Redae García Mardoqueo Josafat Addis Ababa University Tatiana Villacres Romero Pineda & Tóchez Molina Tanel Küün Quantics Consulting Asociados RSM El Salvador Law Office TARK Mekdem Belayneh Group Mekdem Law Office Christian Bará Cousin Mariana Nochez Urmas Kukk Anonymous Bara Legal Corporation Palacios Law Firm Koch & Partners Mesfin Tafesse Contributors Arias Law Mesfin Tafesse & David Claros Anonymous Associates Egypt García & Bodán Oscar Torres Cañas Contributors García & Bodán Rahel Alemayehu Ahmed Ramadan David Osvaldo Toledo Ethiopia Shalakany Law Office Universidad Católica de El Piero Antonio Rusconi Samrawit Behailu Salvador Gutiérrez Abdurrahman Seid Tameru Wondm Agegnehu Ayman Sultan Central Law Law Office of Law Office Muhammad Délmer Edmundo Abdurrahman Seid Ayman Sultan Law Firm Rodríguez Cruz Porfirio Díaz Fuentes Selam Abere Escuela Superior de DLM, Abogados, Notarios, Abebe Asamere Endale Bassem S. Wadie Economía y Negocios Consultores Tameru Wondm Urology and Nephrology Abiyou Girma Tamrat Agegnehu Center Diego Martín-Menjívar Rebeca Atanacio de Abiyou Girma Law Office Tameru Wondm Agegnehu Consortium Legal Basagoitia Law Office Hadir Helal Farghaly Escalón & Atanacio Abraham Zewdie Haile Open Chance & Felix Canizales Valencia Tamrat Assefa Associates, Dr. Helal Arias Law Roberta Gallardo Alebachew Birhanu Tamrat Assefa Liban Law Fraghaly Law Firm Arias Law Enyew Office Feridee Alabí Bahir Dar University Ibrahim Ahmad Romero Pineda & Rommell Sandoval Tegegne Zergaw Ain Shams University Asociados I&D Consulting Alemu Meheretu Bahir Dar University Jimma University Khaled El Shalakany Francisco Murillo Anonymous Temesgen Sisay Beyene Shalakany Law Office Central Law Contributors Ameha Mekonnen Bahir Dar University Asfaw Mahmoud Onsy Guillermo Alexander Estonia Ameha Mekonnen & Tsedey Girma Mengistu New Giza University Parada Gámez Associates Law Office Tameru Wondm Agegnehu Universidad Aare Tark Law Office Mamdooh Centroamericana José Law Office TARK Berhane Ghebray Abdelhameed Simeón Cañas Kahsay Tsehai Wada Abdelmottlep Andres Vutt Berhane Ghebray and Addis Ababa Universty Lotus Law Firm Ingrid Lizama University of Tartu Associates Wubshet Kassaw Mohamed Abdelaal Israel Antonio Ene Soop Dessalegn Tigabu Haile Alexandria University Chinchilla Sánchez Law Office Narlex Bahir Dar University Yihun Zeleke Mengesha Universidad Bahir Dar University Randa Salaheldin Rezk Centroamericana José Gaabriel Tavits Fikadu Asfaw Demissie Hewlett Packard Simeón Cañas University of Tartu Fikadu Asfaw & Associates Yodit Gurji Argaw Enterprise Law Office Fikadu Asfaw & Associates Javier Enrique Alfaro Hannes Küün Law Office Anonymous Varela Law Office TARK Girma Kassa Kumsa Contributors Espino Nieto Arsi University Zewdu Mengesha Jaanus Mägi Bahir Dar University El Salvador José Eduardo Magnusson Guadie Sharew Barrientos Aguirre Bahir Dar University Anonymous Adán Araujo SBA, Firma Legal & Kaja Põlluste Contributors Arias Law Consultora, S.A. de C.V. University of Tartu

178 Finland Tommi Koivistoinen Samir Abdelly Anonymous Nona Kurdovanidze Asianajotoimisto Tuutti Abdelly & Chaary Law Contributors Georgian Young Lawyers' Anna Hurmerinta- Oy Firm Association Haanpää Georgia University of Turku Tuomas Hupli Sébastien Ducamp Tamta Nutsubidze University of Turku Sesame Avocats Ana Chelidze Begiashvili & Co. Ari Miettinen JSC Basisbank Fimlab Laboratories Vesa Annola Soungalo Ouarza Goita Anonymous University of Vaasa Ana Rekhviashvili Contributors Arja R. Aro Véronique Tuffal- Business Legal Bureau EduRes Consulting Walter Reinovich Nerson Germany Vezikko Tuffal-Nerson Douarre et Anna Arganashvili Jaakko Salminen International Association Associés Partnership for Human Alexander Putz University of Turku of Arbitrators of Finland Rights Putz und Partner Yanick Alvarez-de Johanna Niemi Anonymous Selding Dzabuli Danelia Anna Lindenberg University of Turku Contributors GLCC Law Firm Anonymous Beckmann-Koßmann Johannes Lamminen France Contributors George Gotsadze University of Turku Curatio International Carsten Momsen Antoine Berthe The Gambia Foundation Freie Universität Berlin Jorma Saloheimo Barreau de Lille Labour Court of Finland Abdou A. Kanteh Giorgi Begiashvili Christian Wolff Carlos Miguel Herrera Nova Scotia-Gambia Begiashvili & Co. Schock Rechtsanwälte Kimmo Nuotio Université de Cergy- Association University of Helsinki Pontoise Giorgi Kldiashvili Christina Reifelsberger Aji Sainey Kah Institute for Development HessenChemie Lauri Railas Christophe Chabrot The Gambia Public of Freedom of Information Railas Attorneys Ltd. Lumière Université Lyon 2 Utilities Regulatory Christoph Hexel Authority Grigol Gagnidze Heuking Kühn Lüer Wojtek Markku Fredman Cyril Bloch Georgian & Fredman & Mansson Law Aix-Marseille Université Francois S. Mendy Lawyers International Christoph Lindner Firm Nova Scotia-Gambia Observatory Rechtsanwälte Dr. Lindner Dominique Inchauspé Association Matti Ilmari Niemi Cabinet Inchauspé & Ivdity Chikovani Dirk Vielhuber University of Eastern Remy Loubna Farage Curatio International BG BAU Finland Farage Andrews Law Foundation Elisabeth Grabli Practice Friederike Lemme Matti Tolvanen Ketevan Krialashvili Kanzlei Lemme University of Eastern Florence Debord Malick F. M'bai Taxpayers Union in Finland Lumière Université Lyon 2 Fajara Chambers Georgia Gerhard Wegen Gleiss Lutz Mika J. Lehtimäki Georges Sioufi Maria Saine Lasha Gogiberidze Attorneys-at-Law TRUST SRDB Law Firm Institute for Human Rights BGI Legal Gernot A. Warmuth and Development in Africa Scheiber & Partner Mika Launiala Guillaume Protière Levan Avalishvili University of Eastern Lumière Université Lyon 2 Momodou A. Bah Institute for Development Gregor Dornbusch Finland Hands on Care of Freedom of Information Baker McKenzie Isabelle Carbuccia Milka Sormunen Ivch Law Firm Muhammed B. Sowe Levan Gotua Hauke Hagena University of Helsinki 's Begiashvili & Co. ProMINT - & Legal Juliette Chapelle Chambers; Ministry of Patrick Lindgren Cabinet Chapelle Avocat Justice of The Gambia Lina Ghvinianidze Henning Rosenau Advocare Law Office University Marie-Christine Olymatou Cox Nata Kazakhashvili of Halle-Wittenberg Raimo Isoaho Cimadevilla UNAIDS Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi University of Turku Cimadevilla Avocats State University Hermann Bietz Peter K. Mendy Bietz Raimo Lahti Monique Stengel A.J. Njie Law Chambers; Natalia Geladze University of Helsinki University of the Gambia GG Legal Hermann Pünder Nicole Stolowy Bucerius Sakari Suominen HEC Paris Rachael Yvonne Mendy Natia Katsitadze University of Turku RYM Legal Services Article 42 of the Ingo Klaus Wamser Olivier Péan De Ponfilly Constitution Rechtsanwalt Wamser Tatu Hyttinen Sainey Bah University of Eastern Patrice Le Maigat University of the Gambia Natia Skhvitaridze Jakob von Kirchbach Finland Université de Rennes 1 National Center for IMI Precision Engineering Satang Nabaneh Disease Control and Teuvo Pohjolainen Philippe Marin Law Hub Gambia Public Health Jessica Jacobi University of Eastern IMAVOCATS Law Firm Kliemt.Arbeitsrecht Finland

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 179 Jürgen Nazarek Thomas Jürgens Nana Tawiah Okyir Konstantinos P. Anonymous Kanzlei Dr. Jürgen Jürgens Ghana Institute of Valmas-Vloutis Contributors Nazarek Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft Management and Public Valmas-Vloutis Law Office mbH Administration Guatemala Kerstin Niethammer- Kostoula Mazaraki Jürgens Thomas Melletat Nii Nortey Nomos Law Firm Alexis Retana Jürgens Melletat - Rechtsanwälte Hanson-Nortey Organismo de Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft Aurum Institute Ghana Magda Kapoti-Tazedaki Investigación Judicial mbH Volker V. Moers Tazedakis Law Firm de Costa Rica von Moers Lawyers Peggy Addo Marc Seifert Nobisfields Marialena Papachristou Álfaro V. L. Marroquín Hewlett Packard Wibke Köppler Marialena Papachristou Carrillo & Asociados Enterprise Kanzlei Oelmüller & Samuel Alesu-Dordzi Law Firm Partner GbR ENSafrica Alfonso Carrillo M. Martin Nebeling Nigel Bowen-Morris Carrillo & Asociados Bird & Bird LLP Wolf Stahl Tata Kosi Foliba Stephenson Harwood ADA Cosmetics Holding Fugar & Company Alfonso Ortiz Natareno Martin Reufels GmbH Nikolaos Kondylis HP Abogados Heuking Kühn Lüer Wojtek Theophilus Tawiah N. M. Kondylis & Partners Anonymous Nobisfields Law Office Alvaro R. Cordon Martin Sträßer Contributors Cordon, Ovalle & Sträßer Rehm Barfield Yasmin Baba Panagiotis Gioulakos Associates Ghana Sam Okudzeto & E-nomos Business Monika Hagen Associates Consultants Andrés Dubón Ruiz Rechtsanwaltskanzlei Andrew Appau Obeng Comte & Font - Legalsa Hagen Stobe Law Anonymous Stavros Karageorgiou Contributors Karageorgiou & Associates Angélica Lucía Aguilar Nicola Kreutzer Benedicta Akita Law Firm Gutiérrez Kreutzer & Kreuzau Sam Okudzeto & Greece Universidad InterNaciones Rechtsanwälte Associates Stelios Andreadakis Alexios Brunel University London Astrid J. Lemus Oliver Bolthausen Charlotte Osei Athanassopoulos Rodríguez DWF Prime Attorneys AA Law Firm Vasileios Tetokas Daniel Arturo Oliver Schellbach Emmanuel Maurice Alexis Anagnostakis Virginia Marroquin Gracias Schellbach Rechtsanwälte Ankrah Anagnostakis Law Offices Theodoropoulou A.D. Sosa & Soto Kuukuaa Legal Consulting Othmar K. Traber Anthony G. Mavrides Contiades David Ernesto Chacón Ahlers & Vogel Frank Owusu-Sekyere Ballas, Pelecanos & Centre for European Estrada Rechtsanwälte Korle Bu Teaching Associates L.P.C. Constitutional Law - Universidad de San Carlos Hospital Themistocles and Dimitris de Guatemala Rainer M. Hofmann Athina-Marina Tsatsos Foundation Kanzlei im Hofhaus Franklin Glozah Christofilopoulou Diego Alejos Rivera University of Ghana E-nomos Business Yota Kremmida Consortium Legal Roberto Kunz-Hallstein Consultants Hewlett Packard Rechtsanwälte Dr. Halimah El-Alawa Enterprise Diego Ricardo Pérez Kunz-Hallstein Abdul-Baasit Avagianou Melina Sandoval Inusah, Inusah and Klimaka Anonymous Integrum Law Firm Roland Gross Associates Contributors Gross Rechtsanwaelte Dionyssis Balourdos Dina Castro Jerry Seyram Dei National Centre for Social Grenada Sabine Barth Sam Okudzeto & Research Edson Lopez Lange Brunner Associates Chevanev Charles Integrum Law Firm Rechtsanwälte Eleni Kloukinioti Temple Stoke Chambers Partnerschaft m.b.B. Kwame Owusu Transparency Emanuel Callejas A. Agyeman International James Bristol Carrillo & Asociados Sebastian Reinsch University of Cape Coast Henry, Henry & Bristol Janke & Reinsch Fotini N. Skopouli Enrique Moller Rechtsanwälte Mary Opare Harokopio University Joshua John EY Law Central University Ghana Law Office of Evette John Silke Graeser Georgia Sitou Gabriel Arturo Muadi Melisa Amarteifio Georgia Sitou Law Office Martin Forde Garcia Stefan Huster Sam Okudzeto & St. George's University Muadi & Murga Ruhr-University Bochum Associates Grace Katsoulis Ballas, Pelecanos & Tanya K. Lambert Harvey Alvarez Stephan Sander Nana Esi Aferba Ahlijah Associates L.P.C. Wilkinson, Wilkinson & HP Abogados Terheddebrügge Sander Ariel Avery Law Wilkinson Ilias Anagnostopoulos Thomas Feltes Anagnostopoulos Law Yurana Phillip CPT, ; Office Afi Ventour & Co. Ruhr-University Bochum

180 J. Guillermo Gándara Rodrigo Barillas Kekoura Kourouma Sarika Gajraj Jorge Arturo Reina Espino WINGS Guatemala The Global Fund to Fight Dentons Delany Interiano Asociación AIDS, Tuberculosis and Bufete ECIJA Honduras Iberoamericana de Sergio Alejandro Peña Malaria Stephen Roberts Juristas del Derecho del Mandujano Hughes, Fields & Stoby Jorge Jesús Kawas Trabajo y la Seguridad Corporacion FG Globalex Kpana Emmanuel Mejía Social Bamba Yaquelin Gonzalez K&M Abogados, S.A. Vilma Chavez De Pop Ligue Guinéene des Droits Ricardo Jorge Luis Rodas Garcia International Baby Food de L'Homme Georgetown Public Jorge Lopez Nexus Legal Action Network Hospital Corporation Lopez & Asociados, Lamine 1 Nabe Attorneys at Law Jorge Mario Andrino Anonymous Barreau de Guinée Anonymous Grotewold Contributors Contributors Jose Miguel Alvarez Macky Thiam BLP José Miguel Argueta Guinea Honduras Bone Mahawa Sylla Juan José Alcerro Milla Abdoulaye Korsé Balde VIE+ (REGAP+) Adolfo Pineda Padilla Aguilar Castillo Love Juan Andrés Marroquín C. Conseil National de BLP Carrillo & Asociados l'Ordre des Medecins de Mamadou Sanoussy Lino Carmenate Millán Guinée Barry Aida Lazarus Centro de Investigación Juan Jose Porras Cabinet d'Avocats BAO HondurasLawyers y Desarrollo en Salud, Castillo Adama Kourouma et Fils Trabajo y Ambiente GT Legal Allan Fernando Adrien Tossa Montcho Mandy Kader Konde Alvarenga Gradis Lisandro Valle Perez Juan Pablo Carrasco de Mêmes Droits pour Tous Fondation Santé et Fundación San Alonso Hospital y Clinicas DIME, Groote Développement Durable Rodriguez S.A. Central Law Aimé Christophe Labilé Kone Oumar Baldé Claribel Medina Lurbin España Juan Sebastian Soto L'Étude Légale Labilé Central Law Asociación Hombro a Lacape Sékou Kouyaté Hombro A.D. Sosa & Soto Aimé Raphael Haba Laboratoire d'Analyse Claudia Marcela Avocats Sans Frontières Socio Anthropologique de Midence Soto Marlon Jose Ortiz Kate Flatley Guinée Guinée Arias Law Maritnez Women's Justice Initiative Universidad Tecnológica Ali Badara Bangoura Théodore Michel Loua Daniela Puerto Irias Centroamericana Lorena Marcucci de Barreau de Guinée Organisation Guinéenne Consultorio Legal Puerto Galotta de des Droit de Marvin Rigoberto Bufete GR Legal Alpha Amadou D. S. l'Homme David Armando Espinal Pinel Bah Urtecho López Marvin Espinal Law Firm Luis Fernando Catalan Organisation Guinéenne Thierno Amadou Universidad de Navarra Alvarez de Defense des Droit de Fougoumba Barry Miguel Armando Zapata Hospital Nacional de l'Homme Institut de Recherche sur Dennis Emilio Hércules Izaguirre Mazate la Démocratie et l'Etat de Rosa García & Bodán Amadou Babahein Droit Bufete Melara & Asociados Luis Pedro Cazali Camara Milton Carcamo Barreau de Guinée Thierno Diafar Diallo Eduardo René Rivera Marcos Palma Koûmy Law Firm Mendoza Nidia Vanessa Lopez Integrum Law Firm Balla Camara Bufete ECIJA Honduras Alonzo Association Guinéenne Thierno Souleymane Clinica Medica Privada Mario Roberto Guadrón pour le Développement Barry Ely Abel Pinto Jimenez Rouanet Intégral de l'Enfant et du Coalition Guinéenne Bufete Abogado Pinto Rafael Gomez Mateo Palomo y Porras Jeune pour la Cour Penale Grupo Legalsa Internationale et Autres Emy Carolina Castellon Marvin Javier Dávila David Beavogui Organismes Juarez Roberto Alejandro Villegas Barreau de Guinée Asociación Hombro a Williams Cruz Universidad Rafael Anonymous Hombro Bufete ECIJA Honduras Landívar de Guatemala Fatoumata Binta Diallo Contributors Gabriela María Williams Roberto M. Zacarias Mynor García Fatoumta Baldé Yansané Guyana Cruz Zacarias & Asociados Carrillo & Asociados Coalition des Femmes Bufete ECIJA Honduras Leaders de Guinée Adrian Smitih Roque Pascua Bográn Oscar Rivas Villanueva Toussaint Law Firm J. Humberto Medina Bufete Pascua & GR Legal Foromo Frédéric Loua Alva Asociados Mêmes Droits pour Tous Eva Scott Central Law Pedro Mendoza Sandra Elizabeth Montano Gilbert Tohon Camara Hari Ramkarran Johana Bermudez Gomez Ventura Iurisconsulti, Abogados y Barreau de Guinée Cameron & Shepherd Universidad Autónoma de Universidad Tecnológica Notarios Honduras Centroamericana Joseph Kolèmou Madan Rambaran Raúl Bolaños del Aguila Escuela de Gobierno

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 181 Sergio Sánchez A. Dániel G. Szabó and Ishwar Chandra Vasanthi Nimushakavi Noverizky Tri Putra Colegio de Abogados de Tamás Fazekas Dwivedi National Academy of Legal Pasaribu Honduras Hungarian Helsinki Police Uttar Pradesh Studies and Research AM Oktarina Counsellors Committee at Law Valerya Kartik Ganapathy Vidya Bhushan Rawat Theodoracopoulos Gábor Baruch IndusLaw Sandi Adila Arias Law Baruch Law Firm Vijay Raghavan Mochtar Karuwin Komar Kartikay Sharma Tata Institute of Social Vanessa Oquelí Krisztina Karsai Hewlett Packard Sciences Sianti Candra García & Bodán University of Szeged Enterprise Podomoro University Vipender Mann Anonymous Orsolya Rácz Keshao Patil KNM & Partners, Law Sunardjo Sumargono Contributors Winkler and Partner Law Tirpude College of Social Offices Law Office of Semar Firm Work Suryakencana Cipta Hong Kong SAR, China Y. S. Kusuma Justiceindo Reka Mezo Nirmal Kanti All India Institute of Amirali B. Nasir Chakrabarti Medical Sciences Tom Nugroho NASIRS Viktor Oliver Lorincz West Bengal National LexSarya Hungarian Academy of University of Juridical Yashomati Ghosh David C. Donald Sciences Sciences National Law School of Tristam Pascal The Chinese University of India University Moeliono Hong Kong Zsolt Zengődi P. Raviprasad Catholic University of Tempus Law Associates Anonymous Parahyangan James A. Rice Anonymous Contributors Contributors Padmaja Kaul Anonymous James L. W. Wong IndusLaw Indonesia Contributors Century Chambers India Prakash Prabhakarrao Agustinus Dawarja Iran Lam San Keung Anil Fernandes Doke LexRegis Messrs. F. Zimmern & Co. Anil Fernandes & Bharati Vidyapeeth Ahmad Daryani Associates Deemed University Alamo D. Laiman Mazandaran University of Michael Chai Legisperitus Lawyers Medical Sciences Bernacchi Chambers Anil Paleri Rajas Kasbekar CRK Legal Alexandra Gerungan, Anooshiravan Karimi Michael Vidler Anshul Prakash and Annisa Tharian, and Karimi & Associates Law Vidler & Co. Deeksha Malik S. Ramakrishnan Made Susanti Firm Khaitan & Co. Makarim & Taira S. P. Y. Lo Sachin Bhakar Arash Izadi Gilt Chambers Anupamaa V. Hewlett Packard Diana Kusumasari Dr. Izadi & Associates AVRC Legal; Dr. Kainth & Enterprise Yeo & Co. Law Firm Paul Shieh Associates Atiyeh Rezaei and Sanjay Janardan Patil Eddy M. Leks Shirin O. Entezari Philip Dykes Aprajita Rana BDH Industries Limited Leks & Co. Dr. Entezari & Associates Bernacchi Chambers AZB & Partners Law Firm Sarojanand Jha Felicia Tania Rick Glofcheski Ashok Ramgir Legal Legisperitus Lawyers Hamid Reza Bakhshi University of Hong Kong Harsh Impex Moakher Satishchandra Kumar Ferdinand Jullaga Shing Hing Ip Atul Sharma University of Mumbai Mochtar Karuwin Komar Kamiar Alaei Hong Kong Law Society Link Legal India Law Institute for International Services Saurabh Misra Hadi Pratomo Health and Education Tam Yat Hung Saurabh Misra & Universitas Indonesia University of Hong Kong Avik Biswas Associates, International Mehran Tamadonfar IndusLaw Lawyers Immanuel A. Indrawan University of Nevada Anonymous Indrawan Darsyah Contributors Avimukt Dar Shankar Das Santoso Mohammad Rahmani IndusLaw Tata Institute of Social Bayan Emrooz Hungary Sciences Jamin Ginting International Law Firm Bontha V. Babu JAT & Co. Law Firm Ákos Bajorfi Indian Council of Medical Siddhartha George Sanaz Alasti Noerr & Partners Law Research Poovayya & Co. Jardin Bahar Office Yahya Rayegani Daya Krishan Mangal Subhrarag Mukherjee Mahesa Rumondor Praelegal Iran Alexandra Bognar IIHMR University Hewlett Packard Adnan Kelana Haryanto & Enterprise Hermanto Anonymous András Jakab Gauri Bhongale Contributors Hewlett Packard Uday Singh Ahlawat Maurice Maulana Enterprise Ahlawat & Associates Situmorang Balázs Tóth Dentons Hungarian Helsinki Harsh Ramgir Committee Harsh Impex

182 Italy Riccardo Del Punta Nadine C. Yosuke Shimamura Kazakhstan University of Florence Atkinson-Flowers Shimamura Law Office Alberto Fantini Law Offices of Nadine C. Amangeldy Studio Legale Tonucci & Roberto Bin Atkinson-Flowers Yuichiro Sato Shormanbayev Partners Università di Ferrara Tokyo Gakugei University International Legal Narda Graham-Laird Initiative Alessia Ottavia Cozzi Roberto Ceccon DunnCox Yukinori Hashida Area Science Park Aclaw Ceccon & Associati Kodera Matsuda Law Anargul Kuntuganova Sonia D. Gatchair Office Nazarbayev University Anna Simonati Roberto Rosapepe University of the West University of Salerno Indies Anonymous Annel Shvechikhina Contributors Unicase LLP Antonella Antonucci Rocchina Staiano Vincent A. Chen Università Aldo Moro Università di Chen Green & Co. Jordan Arlan Yerzhanov PricewaterhouseCoopers Antonio Cassatella Anonymous Anonymous Abdulellah AL- Tax & Advisory LLP University of Trento Contributors Contributors Nawayseh Mu'tah University Artem Timoshenko Antonio Viscomi Jamaica Japan Unicase LLP University of Catanzaro Ali M. Aldabbas Allan S. Wood Akifumi Mochizuki University of Petra Aybek Kambaliyev Astolfo Di Amato Livingston, Alexander & Shizuoka Prefecture Bar Unicase LLP Astolfo Di Amato e Levy Association Bashar H. Malkawi Associati University of Jordan Dmitry Chumakov Anthony Clayton Emi Uchida Sayat Zholshy and Elisa Stefanini University of the West Atsumi & Sakai Farah Al-Majali Partners Studio Legale Portolano Indies International Cavallo Junko Ogushi Consolidated For Legal Evgeny Zhovtis Antoinette Atsumi & Sakai Consultations Kazakhstan International Emanuele Cortesi Barton-Gooden Bureau for Human Rights CMA Studio Legale University of the West Junko Suetomi George Hazboun and Rule of Law Indies Baker McKenzie; Waseda International Emanuele Scafato University Consolidated For Legal Gulzhan Chimbayeva Audrey Brown Consultations Green Clinic Gherardo Carullo Kaoru Takamatsu University of Milan Donovan Jackson Hayabusa Asuka Law Hisham A. Kassim Kopzhan Musrepov Nunes Scholefield DeLeon Offices Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Gianfranco Di Garbo & Co. Kamal Jamal Awad Colt & Mosle LLP Baker McKenzie Mitsunari Taketani Alawamleh Emile Leiba Tagawa Law Office University of Petra Nazym Argynbay Giovanni Nardulli DunnCox SIGNUM Law Firm Legance - Avvocati Naritaka Tomoeda Khaled J. Atwan Associati Gillian Mullings Hewlett Packard Atwan & Partners Nurzhan Manasov Naylor and Mullings Enterprise Attorneys and Legal Giuseppe Lorenzo Rosa Consultants Nurzhan Stamkulov Hilary Robertson- Nobuo Koinuma Synergy Partners Law Firm Luigi Mori Hickling Tohoku Medical and Laith Nasrawin BLR&M Studio Legale University of the West Pharmaceutical University Nasrawin Law Office Roman Podoprigora Associato Indies Caspian Public University Shigeji Ishiguro Motasem Mushasha Marco Esposito J. Peter Figueroa Oguri & Ishiguro Law Al al-Bayt University Timur Yerjanov Università di Napoli University of the West Office Al-Farabi Kazakh National Parthenope Indies Muneera Al-Sada University Tomohisa Muranushi Abdullah & Partners Law Mariano Cingolani Jacqueline D. Baker McKenzie Firm Yerzhan Toktarov Goulbourne Sayat Zholshy and University of the West Toshiaki Higashi Omar Qouteshat Partners Patrizia Magarò Indies University of Occupational Università degli Studi di and Environmental Health Rasha Laswi Zaira Kaysar Genova Jodi Ann Paulwell Zalloum and Laswi Law GRATA International Office of the Cabinet Yasuyuki Suzuki Firm Patrizio Ivo D'Andrea Hayabusa Asuka Law Zhanat Alimanov Università di Ferrara Kevin O. Powell Offices Yousef Saleh Khader KIMEP University Hylton Powell, Jordan University of Pierpaolo Martucci Attorneys-at-Law Yohei Suda Science and Technology Anonymous The Law Office of Yohei Contributors Laura D. Richards Suda Zaid Muhmoud Agaileh Pietro Faraguna University of the West Mu'tah University Kenya University of Trieste Indies Yoshiyuki Sato Kobe-Ekimae Law Office Anonymous Aabid Ahmed Contributors Bomu Hospital

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 183 Abdulhafeez Noorani Hiram Nyaburi Alban Muriqi Sahit Bajraktari Anonymous Daly & Inamdar, Iseme, Kamau & Maema The Kosova Rehabilitation Transformational Contributors Advocates Advocates Centre for Torture Victims Leadership Program Alumni Association Lebanon Aisha Abdallah Jeremmy Okonjo Albana Rexha Anjarwalla & Khanna Transnational Legal Ltd. Shpresa Ibrahimi Antoine G. Ghafari Advocates Arnis Dumani Ghafari & Associates Law Lattif Shaban Shprese Haxhijaj Firm Atiq S. Anjarwalla Supreme Council of Kenya Bahtir Troshupa Assembly of the Republic AC&H Legal Consultants Muslims of Kosovo Elias Chalhoub Basri Kastrati The Arab Center for the Benjamin Musau Lyla Latif Victims' Advocacy and Urim Pozhegu Development of the Rule BM Musau & Co., University of Nairobi Assistance Office, Chief Urim Pozhegu Law Office of Law and Integrity Advocates State Prosecution Office Patrick Rugo Urim Vokshi Elias Matar Beryl Orao Muthoga Gaturu & Co. Besfort Rrecaj Vokshi & Lata Law Firm Lex & Co. Legal Kenya National Advocates University of Prishtina Commission on Human Valon Hasani Hala Tyan Rights Peter Gachuhi Doarsa Kica Awada Tyan Law Firm Kaplan & Stratton Anonymous Cecil Yongo Abungu Advocates Durim Llugiqi Contributors Jihad Irani Strathmore University University of Balamand Peter Wendoh Ehat Miftaraj Kyrgyz Republic Christine Mukami Kosovo Law Institute Joelle Choueifati Murangi Regina Opondo Aicholpon Alieva Iseme, Kamau & Maema Constitution and Reform Ermir Ahmetaj (Jorupbekova) Joelle Khater Advocates Education Consortium AEX Law LLC Kalikova & Associates Badri and Salim El Meouchi Law Firm Dennis Mung'ata Remigeo P. Mugambi Fatmire Haliti Ainura Osmonalieva Gichimu Mungata Muthoga Gaturu & Co. The Kosova Rehabilitation Adilet Khatoun Haidar Advocates Advocates Centre for Torture Victims Synergy-Takamol Alexander Orehov Donald W. Kaniaru Ronald Rogo Fisnik Salihu Mohamad Ziad Kaniaru & Kaniaru University of Nairobi RPHS Law Firm Anastasia Volosatova Ramadan Advocates Veritas Law Firm Elaref International Law Sammy T. Nyambari Fjorda Vllasolli Avdiu Office Edwin Ochieng' Otongo Productivity Management Kosovo Law Institute Azamat Kerimbaev Mwagambo & Okonjo Insistute ABA Rule of Law Initiative Nada Hachem Advocates Florentina Grubi-Vula Law Office Hachem Samson Opundo Elida K. Nogoibaeva Elizabeth Wangari Opundo & Associates Gjylbehare Bella Murati American University in Nadim Abboud Odhiambo Advocates University Haxhi Zeka Central Asia Abboud and Associates University of Nairobi Law Firm Thomas N. Maosa Gjyljeta Mushkolaj Kerim Begaliev Elly Nyaim Opot Maosa and Company University of Prishtina Centil Law Firm Pierre Obeid University of Nairobi Advocates University of Balamand Halim Bajraktari Magomed Saaduev Ezra Makori Wilfred M. Ngugi University Ukshin Hoti Kalikova & Associates Rihab Aboul Hosn Dentons Hamilton Chiuri Kirui & Rugo, Prizren Harrison & Mathews Advocates Nurzhan Bostonova Roula Zayat Hava Ismajli Sentil Law Firm The Arab Center for the Fidelis Marabu Limo Wilson Mulei Marotse Development of the Rule Limo & Njoroge Advocates Lepact LLP & Associates Klit Shala Saltanat Moldoisaeva of Law and Integrity Fisnik Salihu & Partners Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic Francis Gichuhi Kamau Anonymous University Salah Mattar Contributors Kushtrim Shaipi Mattar Law Firm Fred Ondieki Mogotu IQ Consulting Sanzhar Alashev Anjarwalla & Khanna Kosovo GRATA International Sheryne Koteiche Advocates Leutrim Syla Awada Tyan Law Firm Adelina R. Hoxha Taalaibek Tursunovich Gilda Odera Avokatura Mervete Shala Shamurzaev Anonymous Federation of Kenya College Dukagjini-UBT Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic Contributors Employers Adnan Bozalija University University of Prishtina Muhamet Bytyqi Liberia Harrison Mbori Assembly of the Republic Valentin Chernyshev Strathmore University Ahmet Kasumi of Kosovo Kumtor Gold Company Alexandra Kormah Zoe Law Offices of Zoe and Hilda Njoroge Alban Krasniqi Qerim Qerimi Zhanyl Abdrakhmanova Partners Limo & Njoroge Advocates University of Prishtina Centil Law Firm Betty Lamin-Blamo Lex Group Liberia, LLC

184 Fatu Maima Kamara Andrianaivo Zo Anonymous R. Usha Devi Famoussa Keita Foster Rakotoarisoa Contributors R. Usha Devi & Associates Cabinet d'Avocats Tribunal de Travail Famoussa Keita Hannan J. Bestman d'Antananarivo Malawi S. B. Cheah SpaLife By Jenneh S. B. Cheah & Associates Fousseyni Dembele Andry Herisoa Adamson Muula Centre Nationale d'Appui Ivan F. Camanor Andrianasolo University of Malawi Saw Tiong Guan à la Lutte contre la Institut International des University of Malaya Maladie J. Awia Vankan Sciences Sociales Anthony J. Malunga Heritage Partners & For Generations Institute Sharon Kaur Harouna Diallo Associates, Inc. Andry Randriaminosoa University of Malaya Université des Sciences Barreau de Madagascar Bruno P. Matumbi Juridiques et Politiques de Jallah A. Barbu Excellence Law Partners Sivalal Sadasivan Bamako Institute for Constitutional Aviva Ramanitra Monash University Research, Policy & Lexel Juridique et Fiscal Chikosa Mozesi Malaysia Issiaka Sanogo Strategic Development Silungwe Barreau du Mali Bakoly Rakotomalala Mizumali Foundation Sujata Balan James C. R. Flomo University of Malaya Kadidiatou Bouare Public Defenders' Program Chantal Razafinarivo Fresier Chidyaonga- Université de Droit of Liberia Barreau de Madagascar Maseko Wah-Yun Low Bamako-Mali University of Malawi University of Malaya John Kamma Fahafahantsoa Karamoko Nimaga Citizens Bureau for Rapelanoro Rabenja George Naphambo Yusramizza Md Isa Development and Université d'Antananarivo Naphambo and Company Universiti Utara Malaysia Khadidjatou Toure Productivity Santé et Développement Jean Pierre Rakotovao Justin G. K. Dzonzi Zainal Amin Ayub Kanio Bai Gbala Jhpiego Kainja & Dzonzi Attorneys Universiti Utara Malaysia Lassana Diakite University of Liberia at Law Lala Ratsiharovala Anonymous Mamadou Ismaila Lamii Kpargoi Ministère de la Justice Khumbo Bonzoe Soko Contributors Konate The Justice Initiative Soko & Co. Jurifis Consult Léonard Velozandry Mali Lucia D. S. Gbala Barreau de Madagascar Marshal Chileng Mamadou Moustapha Heritage Partners & T.F. and Partners Abdou Doumbia Sow Associates, Inc. Nelly Rakotobe Ordre des Pharmaciens Cabinet d'Avocats Sow & Ralambondrainy Patrick Mphatso Associes Martha N. Zarway Ministère de la Justice Chinguwo Abdoul Kader Siby Kingdom Care Medical Université de Droit Moussa Oumar Sow Foundation Njivasoa Nathalie Anonymous Bamako-Mali Wac Partners Rambeloson Contributors Mohamed K. Mansalay Barreau de Madagascar Abdoul Kassoum Maiga Omorou Toure Plan International Malaysia Children's International Université des Sciences Olivia Rajerison Summer Villages Juridiques et Politiques de Moses B. F. Massaquoi Cabinet Rajerison Ahmad Shamsul Abd Bamako Clinton Health Access Aziz Abdoulaye Guimba Initiative Rakotonomenjanahary Universiti Utara Malaysia Ouane Ousmane Sylla Cabinet d'Avocats Wac Partners Ministère de la Sante et Nelson S. Weh, Jr. Ashgar Ali Ali Mohamed des Affaires Sociales Citizens Bureau for Rija Ramarijaona International Islamic Abdoulaye Thera Development and Prime Lex University Malaysia Centre Social Samba Baba N'diaye Productivity Barreau du Mali Riki Rakotobe Chew Phye Keat Aboubacar Souleymane Peter Hne Wilson Cabinet d'Avocat Associé Raja, Darryl & Loh Diarra Seydou Doumbia U.S. African Development Alex Rafamatanantsoa et Barreau du Mali Avocats Sans Foundation Associé Donovan Cheah Frontieres-Mali; Barreau Donovan & Ho Alhassane Soukouna du Mali Stephen J. C. S. Kai Rojo Randrianarivony Vaughan Avocats Institute for Constitutional Ralitera Harlida Abdul Wahab Zakaria Keita Research, Policy & Barreau de Madagascar Universiti Utara Malaysia Alioune Badara Diallo Strategic Development; Anonymous Office Solo Ratrimoarivony Khadijah Mohamed Aly Soumountera Contributors Barreau de Madagascar Universiti Utara Malaysia Wale Action Sante Anonymous Population Mauritania Contributors Tino Harvel Mahadirin Hj Ahmad Razafinimanana Universiti Malaysia Sabah Amadou Ongoiba Brahim Diarra Madagascar Toki Ramilison Mohd Munzil Muhamad Daouda Ba Cheikh Abdellahi Alain Ramanarivo Multimedia University Vaughan Avocats Ahmed Babou Barreau de Madagascar Tsarazara Andrianasoavina Norhisham Abd Bahrin Deya Ahmed Bezeid Alphonse Anatole Azmi & Associates

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 185 El Moustapha Attighe H. S. Bunjun Centro de Derechos José Antonio Montoya Sofia Alejandra Aguirre ONUSIDA Dabee & Bunjun Humanos Miguel Martínez Peña Chambers Agustín Pro Juárez Centro Nacional de Moreno Rodriguez y Asoc. Hademine Saleck Ely Equidad de Género y Salud The Imams and Ulema Iqbal Rajahbalee Christian Alan Bello Reproductiva Victor Manuel Ortega Coalition for the Rights of BLC Robert & Associates Melchor Gonzalez Women and Children in Notarías Publicas 92 & Juan Carlos Tornel Machuaztic International Mauritania Javed Niamut 145 Baker McKenzie Trade S.A. de C.V. BLC Robert & Associates Jemal Mohamed El Christian Serna Juan Manuel Juarez Anonymous Hady Krishan M. Beeharry Serna Asociados Abogados Meza Contributors CCM Mauritanie; Fonds Contramar Abogados Mondial Mohamad Fawzi Cristina Sánchez Urtiz Moldova Mahomoodally Miranda & Estavillo, S.C. Karen Lizbeth Franco Mohamed Ahmed University of Mauritius Díaz Adrian Belîi Oubid Daniel Cruz González Centro Nacional de Nicolae Testemitanu State Mohammad Nawaz Universidad Nacional Equidad de Género y Salud University of and Mohamed Dah Dookhee Autónoma de México Reproductiva Pharmacy Abdelkader Centre Mauritanien de Ruwaydah Jaunbacus Diana Ivette Fuentes Luciano Mendoza Cruz Alexei Croitor Recherche et d'Etudes Uteem Chambers Ulloa Universidad Nacional Juridiques, Economiques GR&ND Asociados Autónoma de México Ana Ciobanu et Sociales Sanjay Bhuckory University Clinic for Bhuckory Chambers Enrique Camarena Luis Raymundo Lozano Primary Health Care Mohamed Ould Moctar Domínguez Juárez Yousuf Ali Azaree Maqueo Barnetche, Instituto Nacional de Baciu Inga Mohamed Sid'Ahmed MC Law Offices Aguilar & Camarena Geriatría Universitatea de Stat Meinouh Alecu Russo Bălți Barreau de Mauritanie Yves Hein Franz E. Oberarzbacher Marco Antonio Hein Chambers Centro de Innovación para González Reynoso Carmanschi Vitalie Mohamed Sidi el Acceso a la Justicia; GR&ND Asociados Abderrahmane Brahim Zareena Tawheen Instituto Tecnológico Corina Oprea Choomka Autónomo de México Mario Alberto Rocha Efrim, Roşca şi Asociaţii Mouloud Mohamed Mauritius PricewaterhouseCoopers Law Firm Reseau des PVVIH Gerardo Moheno Anonymous Gallardo Mayra Quintero Cristina Copaceanu Ould Abed Aily Contributors Moreno Rodriguez y Asoc. Hewlett Packard Universitatea de Studii Association Dévelomment Enterprise Politice Și Economice Communautaire et Santé Mexico Gilberto Miguel Valle Europene "Constantin Zulbarán Miguel Aarón Moreno Stere" Saidou Ly Alejandra Moreno Basham Ringe y Correa, Jiménez Cabinet Maitre LY Saidou Altamirano S.C. Centro Nacional de Cuznetov Alexandru Universidad Nacional Equidad de Género y Salud State University of Zeinebou Taleb Moussa Autónoma de México Guillermo A. Gatt Reproductiva Moldova Association Corona Mauritanienne pour la Alfonso Rodriguez- Gatt Corona y Abogados Miguel Ángel Torres Ecaterina Nac and Santé de la Mère et de Arana Asociados, S.C.; Hernández Roger Gladei l'enfant Legalmex, S.C. Universidad Jesuita de Maqueo Barnetche, Gladei & Partners Guadalajara; Universidad Aguilar & Camarena Anonymous Anais Cortes Escamilla Panamericana Galina Obreja Contributors Instituto Nacional de Mónica Jazmín Nicolae Testemitanu State Salud Pública de México Guillermo Piecarchic Martínez Pérez University of Medicine and Mauritius PMC Group, S.C. Fundación Civitas, A.C. Pharmacy Angel Delfino Gómez Abdullah Yusuf Ali Lizárraga Héctor Ávila Rosas Monica Schiaffino Ghenadie Țurcanu Bauluck Secretaría de Salud, Universidad Nacional Littler Mexico, S.C. Center for Health Policies Bibi Chambers Ciudad de México Autónoma de México and Studies Oliva López Arellano Bertrand Cheung Angelica Angeles- Héctor González Universidad Autónoma Ion Guzun Llerenas Schmal Metropolitana-Xochimilco The Legal Resources Brigitte Michel Instituto Nacional de Torres Morante Abogados Centre from Moldova Aides Infos Liberte Espoir Salud Pública de México Pablo Nosti Herrera et Soldiarite Hugo Hernández-Ojeda Miranda & Estavillo, S.C. Iulia Furtuna Carlos de Buen Unna Alvírez Turcan Cazac Law Firm Cindy Trevedy Bufete de Buen, S.C. Hogan Lovells Sergio López Moreno Fond Mondial Maurice Universidad Autónoma Lilia Carasciuc Carolina Ramos Jose Alberto Campos Metropolitana-Xochimilco Transparency Daya Auckloo Ballesteros Vargas International Miranda & Estavillo, S.C. Sanchez Devanny, Silvano Cantu Deepti Bismohun Eseverri, S.C. Laboratorio de Innovación Liliana Domente ENSafrica para la Paz

186 Mihail Durnescu Enkhtur Demberelsuren Lhassan M'Barki Gilda A. Jossias U Mya Thein MahoneyLiotta LLP Center South for Associação Moçambicana U Mya Thein & Legal Natalia Molosag Studies and Sustainable de Desenvolvimento Group Union of Lawyers of the Gerelmaa Sandui Development Concertado Republic of Moldova, Umug Kholch Partners Anonymous Chisinau Bar LLP Mimoun Charqi Gimina Mahumana Contributors Charqi Lex Consulting Langa Nelea Prodan Indermohan S. Narula SAL & Caldeira Namibia National Centre of Mohamed Baske Manar Advogados, Lda. Pre-Hospital Emergency Khishigsaikhan Université Cadi Ayyad de Clement Daniels Medical Assistance Batchuluun Marrakech Jennifer Gilda Arnaldo Open Society Forum Fernanda Lopes Eliaser Nekwaya Seghei Cozma Mohamed Nakhli Advogados & Associados Serghei Cozma Law Firm Khunan Jargalsaikhan Université Cadi Ayyad de Floris Coetzee Mongolian Bar Marrakech Joaquim Lourenco Uate Fisher, Quarmby & Pfeifer Sergiu Ursu Association Associacao Ntumbuluku Moldova State University Mohamed Salmi Nambili T. K. Shipena Luke Lkhaasuren Justice et Spiritualité Luís Sáragga Leal Namibia Special Risks Sonsa Boris Agaa & Partners LLP PLMJ Advogados, SP, RL Insurance Association Mustapha Assouane Limited Spinei Larisa Munkhdorj Badral Université Ibn Zohr Miguel Spínola Nicolae Testemitanu State Mongol-Advocates LLP PLMJ Advogados, SP, RL Nawala Kamati University of Medicine and Naouazili My Driss Engling, Stritter & Partners Pharmacy Nomingerel Khuyg Neylla Gulamhussen Nassri Ilham Norman Tjombe Svetlana Doltu Solongoo Bayarsaikhan Ministère de la Santé Pedro Macaringue Tjombe-Elago The Council for Avinex Partners LLP Pedro Macaringue & Incorporated Preventing and Nesrine Roudane Advogados Associados Eliminating Discrimination Zanaa Jurmed Roudane & Partners Law Petrine Mwadhina and Ensuring Equality; The Firm Rafael Neves Banguine Hango Council for the Prevention Anonymous SAL & Caldeira Dr. Weder, Kauta & of Torture Contributors Omar Mahmoud Advogados, Lda. Hoveka Inc. Bendjelloun Vasile Gherasim Morocco Rafique de Toni Hancox Popa & Associates Rachid Attahir Albuquerque Legal Assistance Centre Abdelaziz Bakkali Université Hassan 1er Fernanda Lopes Viorel Plopa Advogados & Associados Yvonne Dausab A.O. Centrul Pentru Abdelghani Khannous Tarik Mossadek and Securitate Juridică a Center South for Université Hassan 1er Anonymous Development Commission Informației Studies and Sustainable Contributors Development Anonymous Anonymous Viorel V. Berliba Contributors Myanmar Contributors Berliba, Ungurean și Abdellah Bakkali Partenerii Bakkali Law Firm Mozambique Alfred Boima Hill Nepal International Anonymous Ahmad Hussein Alexandre Chivale Development Law Aakriti Khanal Contributors Cabinet HHH Avocats Alexandre Chivale & Organization Sinha Verma Law Concern Associados Mongolia Ali Badi Caitlin Reiger Ananta Raj Luitel Association Nationale Almamater Tamele MyJustice Constitutional Lawyers' Baasanjargal pour la Défense des Droits BTA Advogados, LDA. Forum; Supreme Court of Khurelbaatar de l'Homme au Maroc Kari A. Rotkin Nepal ELC Advocates LLP Belisário Tamele Justice Base Ali Lachgar Essahili BTA Advogados, LDA. Apurba Khatiwada Badamragchaa Ali Lachgar Essahili Law Lucy Wayne & Prudent Legal Services Purevdorj Firm César Carlos Alberto Associates Open Society Forum Francisco Vamos Ver Bijaya Kumar Basnet Azzedine Kettani SAL & Caldeira Min Thein Heritage Law Firm Bayar Budragchaa Hassan II University in Advogados, Lda. Rajha and Tann NK Legal ELC Advocates LLP Casablanca; Kettani Law Bishnu Luitel Firm Diana Paredes e Myat Ko BG Law Foundation David C. Buxbaum Ramalho Justice Base Anderson & Anderson LLP Elbachir Aaddi SAL & Caldeira Bishwa Nath Khanal Université Ibn Zohr Advogados, Lda. Nickey Diamond Prithivi Legal Dorjdamba Fortify Rights Zumberellkham Hicham El Boukfaoui Dimétrio Raul Manjate Budhi Karki Scott Ciment Dugerjav D. Khachai Abdelmajid Faizal Jusob United Nations Daksha Bahadur MDS & KhanLex LLP Couto, Graça & Development Programme Chhetri Khayi Yousra Associados Neupane Law Associates

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 187 Jyoti Poudel Tejman Shrestha Simon van der Sluijs Mark Winger Nicaragua Jyoti Poudel and Tribhuvan University Van Diepen Van der Kroef Holmden Horrocks Associates Advocaten Abraham A. Salinas Tek Tamata Matt Berkahn University of South Kalyan Pokhrel United Nations Steven Jellinghaus Massey University Florida; Universidad F-Dimensional Legal Development Programme De Voort Advocaten| Nacional Autónoma de Services and Research Mediators; Tilburg Nick Crang Nicaragua Centre Pvt. Ltd. Upendra Raj Dulal University Duncan Cotterill Sinha Verma Law Concern Angelica Maria Toruño Maskey Mathura Kumar Thomas Timmermans Nigel Hampton Garcia SBT Law Associates Anonymous Norton Rose Fulbright LLP Universidad Evangelica Contributors Paul Michalik Nicaraguense Martin Meen Poudyal Chhetri Anonymous Luther King Jr. Nepal Center for Disaster Netherlands Contributors Paul Roth Management University of Otago Avil Ramírez Mayorga Arnold C. Hoegen New Zealand Central Law Mukunda Prasad Dijkhof Peter G. Watts Paudel Hoegen Dijkhof Dutch Alan Knowsley Bankside Chambers Carlos Alberto Herrera National Law Chamber Business Lawyers Rainey Collins Lawyers Calero Petra Butler Nil Mani Upadhyay Arnold Versteeg Andrew Schulte Victoria University of Fernandolino Narvaez National Medical College Macro & Versteeg Cavell Leitch Wellington Narvaez Mojica & Advocaten Associates Prabin Subedi Austin Forbes Samantha Turner Paramount Legal Advisory Barbalique Peters Clarendon Chambers Simpson Grierson Gerardo Martin Services Pvt. Ltd. Hernandez Eugenie Nunes Bennet Castelino Scott Wilson Consortium Abogados Prashanna Shrestha Dentons Castlefinn Law Duncan Cotterill Pradhan & Associates Gerardo Melecio Gabriel Meijers Brenda Midson Simon George Gyenge Escorcia Diaz Rabin Subedi Meijers Canatan University of Waikato Lyon O'Neale Arnold Bufete Garcia & Bodan National Law College Advocaten Lawyers Campbell Roberts Gustavo Antonio Lopez Rudra Sharma Hansko Broeksteeg The Salvation Army Sonja M. Cooper Arguello Transnational Law House Radboud Universiteit Cooper Legal Lopez Arguello & Charl Hirschfeld Associates Rukamanee Maharjan Henk Snijders Ranfurly Chambers Stephen Eliot Smith Tribhuvan University University of of Otago Hugo José Arauz Colin Henry Sampson Sambidha Sharma Jaap-Willem Stephen Franks Pradhan & Associates Roozemond D. J. Lyon Franks Ogilvie Ivania Lucía Paguaga Roozemond [+] De Haan Lyon O'Neale Arnold Cuadra Sangha Ratna Advocaten Lawyers Steven Zindel Arias Law Bajracharya Zindels Tribhuvan University Jacqueline van den Elcel Nerida Jairo Vanegas López Bosch Amicus Law Sylvia Bell Universidad de Santiago Satish Adhikari IVY Advocaten Centre for Human Rights de Chile Perennial Legal Services Frances Joychild Law, Policy and Practice Jolanda Meeuwissen Leonardo Maldonado Shital Subedi Netherlands Institute Francisc Catalin Deliu Trevor Daya- González of and Gay Morgan Winterbottom Arias Law Shiva Prasad Rijal Addiction (Trimbos University of Waikato University of Waikato Pioneer Law Associates Institute) Marcia Ibarra Herrera Gordon Anderson W. John Hopkins Universidad Nacional Shringa Rishi Kafle Joost Italianer Victoria University of University of Canterbury Autónoma de Legal Consultancy NautaDutilh Wellington Nicaragua, Managua Pvt. Ltd. Warren Brookbanks Joseph J. van Dort Grace Haden Auckland University of Roderick Salinas Shyam Kumar Khatri Van Dort Advocatuur Transparency New Technology Arguello Kathmandu Legals Zealand Ltd. Salinas y Asociados Léon Graal William Akel Subarna K. Khatry Sarfaty Advocaten Ian Miller Sangro Chambers Roy Marcel Rivera Nepal Nutrition Pastora Intervention Project N. P. Scholte Kate Diesfeld Anonymous Francisco Ortega & Advocatenkantoor Scholte Auckland University of Contributors Asociados Sudeep Gautam Technology Reinier W. L. Russell Soraya Montoya Sushila Subedi Russell Advocaten Malcolm Rabson Herrera PSM Global Consultants Central Law P. Ltd. Marie Bismark University of Melbourne

188 Uriel E. Balladares Hamadou Zada Adamu M. Usman Ibrahim Imam Shedrack Ekpa Abaunza Harouna F. O. Akinrele & Co. Kogi State University Arias Law Barreau du Niger Israel O. Akanmidu Adewale Akande Israel Akanmidu & Soji Awogbade V. Mendez Hamani Oumarou Auxilium Attorneys Associates LP ǼLEX Nicaragua Public Health Université Abdou Association Moumouni de Niamey Aina Precious Aderemi John Dare Oloyede Sonnie Ekwowusi Babalakin and Co. J.D. Oloyede's Law Sonnie Ekwowusi & Co. Yaser Gabriel Bonilla Idrissa Tchernaka Chambers Central Law; Molina & LBTI & Partners Ayo Olanrewaju Terrumun Z. Swende Asoc. Ayo Olanrewaju & Co.; Jonathan Chi Daboer Benue State University Mahamadou Rabiou Nigerian Law Publications University of Jos Anonymous Souley Dagouma Uju Obuka Contributor SCPA JUSTICIA Babajide O. Ogundipe Joseph E. O. Abugu University of Nigeria, Sofunde Osakwe Abugu & Co. Nsukka Niger Mahamane Laouali Ogundipe & Belgore Manzo Kemi Oluwagbemiro Wahab Egbewole Abdoul-Aziz Mamadou Ministère de la Santé Bolanle Jibogun F. O. Akinrele & Co. University of Ilorin Maiga Publique Legal Aid Council of Université Joseph Nigeria Laura Omolola Yomi Alliyu San Ki-Zerbo Moumouni Fatoumata Ikwuagwu Chief Yomi Alliyu & Co. Syndicat Autonome des Chiamaka I. Orabueze George Ikoli & Okagbue Aboubacar Souley Magistrats du Niger University of Nigeria, Yomi Dare CRAMS_EXA Nsukka Meg Mezie-Okoye Checkers Consultancy Nassirou Lawali Madonna University, Services Adamou Rabani Chinyere Nwokoro- Elele Campus Observatoire Sahelo Nouhou Mahamadou Ndimele Anonymous Saharien de Stratégie et Arzika Legal Luminaries Solicitors Michael C. Asuzu Contributors Géopolitique Mouvement pour la University of Ibadan Promotion de la Chioma Kanu Agomo North Macedonia Aichatou Garba Citoyenneté Responsablre University of Lagos Obiajulu Nnamuchi Mahamane University of Nigeria, Aleksandar Ickovski Barreau du Niger Oumarou Mahaman Chisom Ndubuisi Nsukka Rabiou Udo Udoma & Belo- Aleksandra Gruevska Ali Idrissa Osagie Oghogho Makinde Drakulevski Le Réseau des Rakia Boubakar Aluko & Oyebode Ss. Cyril and Methodius Organisations pour la Centre de Recherche Christine Ike University Transparence et l'Analyse Médicale et Sanitaire; University of Nigeria, Olaniyi Felix Olayinka Budgétaire Ministère de la Santé Nsukka Niyi Olayinka & Co. Aneta Jovanoska Publique Trajanovska, Biljana Amadou Djibo Gazibo Damian Njoku-Umeh Olusoji Elias Mladenovska, Irena Sarah Burgess Umuenyi Law Chambers Mitkovska, and Zlatko Amadou Imerane Maiga Camber Collective Oluwadamilare Antevski L'Ecole de la Protection Edwin Obimma Ezike Yomi-Alliyu Lawyers Antevski Civile de Niamey; Thomas Kelley University of Nigeria, Chief Yomi Alliyu & Co. L'Universite de Niamey; University of North Nsukka Biljana Panova Université Jean Moulin Carolina Oluwafunke Adeoye Law Office Panova Lyon 3 Efena Efetie Hope Behind Bars Africa Wassiri Ibrahim Sidi National Hospital, Abuja Bachir Talfi Idrissa Chaffa Omobola Bakare Darko Spasevski Université Abdou Emmanuel Onyedi F. O. Akinrele & Co. Ss. Cyril and Methodius Moumouni de Niamey Yacouba Mahaman Wingate University Nabara West African Ventures Onjefu Adoga Bara Ibrah Barreau du Niger Limited Brooke Chambers Law Deljo Kadiev Inspection de la Firm Kadiev Law Office Gouvernance Anonymous Enoch Mozong Azariah Administrative Contributors Legal Aid Council of Ozofu 'Latunde Doncho Donev Nigeria Ogiemudia Ss. Cyril and Methodius Barry Bibata Gnandou Nigeria Udo Udoma & University LBTI & Partners Festus O. Ukwueze Belo-Osagie Abdulfattah Adewale University of Nigeria, Dori Kimova Boubacar Oumarou Bakre Nsukka Peter K. Fogam Kimova Law Office SCPA BNI Legal Aid Council of University of Lagos Nigeria Gbenga Odusola Dragan Lazarov Daouda Samna Acme Law Partners Pontian N. Okoli Law Office Lazarov Conférence des Barreaux Abdulhamid Abdullahi University of Stirling Ohada Bagara Gbenga Oyebode Emil Miftari Community Health and Aluko & Oyebode Samuel O. Adesola Effred Mouloul Research Initiative Nnenna Ejekam Filip Nacevski Cabinet d'Avocat Boudal Godwin Etim Associates Law Firm Donevski ǼLEX

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 189 Leonid Trpenoski Niels R. Kiær Mohammad Hassan Arif Carlos Ernesto Alicia Jimenez Llerena Trpenoski Law Firm Rime Advokatfirma DA Liaquat Merchant Gonzalez Ramirez Gonzalez Hunt Abogados Associates Morgan & Morgan Laboralistas - Littler Ljupka Noveska Olav Molven Andonova VID Specialized University Muhammad Nouman Carlos Sucre Levy Antonio David Bardales Shams Sucre, Arias & Reyes Pereira Maja Risteska Ole Kristian Fauchald Qazi Law Associates National Insurance Group University of Oslo Cristina De Roux and Armando Ramiro AD Muzaffar Islam Eduardo Ferrer Natividad Maguiña Skopje Ørnulf Øyen Legis Inn, Attorneys & Morgan & Morgan Estudio Ghersi Abogados University of Bergen Corporate Consultants Martin Monevski Daniel R. Pichel Arturo Gárate Salazar Monevski Law Firm Paul Saele Naila Baig-Ansari Universidad de Panamá Unversidad Nacional Dental Competance Directorate Federico Villarreal Neda Milevska Kostova Center - Indus Health Network Dora Estripeaut Studiorum Hospital del Niño Doctor Carlos Palacios Stella Tuft Neha Mankani José Renán Esquivel Universidad Nacional de Nikolcho Lazarov Microsoft Global Health Directorate San Agustín de Arequipa Law Office Lazarov - Indus Health Network Ernesto Shirley Perú Tor Vale Shirley & Asociados Olivera Docevska Qazi Shams ul Haq César Puntriano Justicia Association Ulf Stridbeck Qazi Law Associates Jorge Isaac Ortega Universidad ESAN University of Oslo Sonja Stojcevska Saira Khowaja Jorge Molina Mendoza Christian Valencia Cakmakova Advocates Werner Christie Interactive Research and Fabrega Molino Sarmiento World Health Connections Development Estudio Ghersi Abogados Svetlana Necheva Ltd. Juan Pablo Fábrega Law Office Pepeljugoski Shahid Anwar Bajwa Polleri Danilo Sanchez Coronel Skopje Anonymous Shahid Anwar Bajwa & Co. Fabrega Molino Universidad Norbert Contributors Wiener Svetlana Veljanovska Shams ul Haque Joiya Julia Sáenz St. Clement of Ohrid Pakistan Right Law Company Sistema Nacional de Dennis Oswaldo University of Bitola Investigadores; Secretaría Vilchez Ramírez Aiman Tariq Tariq Rahim Nacional de Ciencia, Estudio Ghersi Abogados Vojdan Monevski Jinnah Post Graduate Tariq Rahim Law Tecnología e Innovacíon Monevski Law Firm Medical Center Associates Eduardo Herrera María Eugenia Brenes Velarde Anonymous Benazir Jatoi Umer Farooq Morgan & Morgan Contributors Ayub Medical College German Jimenez Borra Faiza Muzaffar Mario Adolfo Rognoni Estudio Muñiz Norway Legis Inn, Attorneys & Anonymous Arosemena Noriega & Corporate Consultants Contributors Contreras Gonzalo Garcia Bent Endresen Calderon EBT AS Firasat Rizwana Panama Mayte Sánchez G. Siddiqui Morgan & Morgan Javier Castro Salinas Carl Arthur Christiansen Adán Arnulfo Arjona L. Baker McKenzie; Estudio Advokatfirmaet Ræder AS Hasan Hameed Bhatti Galindo, Arias & Lopez Milagros Caballero V. Echecopar Lahore Waste Morgan & Morgan Frank S. Thrana Management Company Alcides Gabriel Castillo Javier Lizarraga Public Health Med-Base Rivera Natalia Vega Universidad Nacional San Khalid A. Rehman Acabogadopty University of South Florida Agustín Geir Steinberg Surridge and Beecheno Advokatfirmaet Haavind Advocates and Corporate Alfonso Raúl Pineda Rafael Rodrigo José Luis Velarde AS Consultant Camaño Rodriguez Barrios Lazarte Lex Labour Panama Facto Litigios & Harald B. Ciarlo M. Akram Sheikh Armando Barba Compliance Akram Sheikh Law Ministerio de Salud Sebastián Rodríguez Henrik Bjørnebye Associates Robles Julio Arbizu González University of Oslo Campo Elías Muñoz Rodríguez - Robles & Estudio Arbizu & Gamarra Maliha Zia Arango Asociados Abogados Inge Lorange Backer Legal Aid Society Universidad de Panamá University of Oslo Yariela Gonzalez Ortega Luciano López Flores Mehek Ali Carlos A. Arrue Universidad de Panamá Estudio Luciano López Karl Harald Søvig Global Health Directorate Montenegro Flores & Abogados University of Bergen - Indus Health Network Anonymous Carlos Barsallo Contributors Manuel Bermúdez Tapia Magne Strandberg Mohammad Akmal Transparency Universidad Nacional University of Bergen Wasim International Peru Mayor de San Marcos Dadabhoy Institute Morten Grandal of ; Alberto Varillas The Consumer Authority Supreme Court of Pakistan García Sayán Abogados

190 Manuel Villa-García Jesusito G. Morallos Joanna Kosińska- Felipe Baião do Pedro Miguel Branco Noriega Follosco Morallos & Herce Wiercińska Nascimento Escritório de Advocacia Estudio Olaechea Kancelaria Adwokacka Maricato, Lima & Pedro Miguel Branco Jonathan Sale Adwokat Associados - Sociedade de Marcos Ricardo Revatta ILPC Advogados Pedro Rodrigues da Salas Justyna Bartnik Mata Universidad Nacional San Jose Cochingyan III Adam Morawski & Fernando Alves Correia PRM & Associados Luis Gonzaga de Ica Cochingyan & Partners Partners Law Firm Universidade de Coimbra Rui Costa Pereira Maria del Pilar Pozo Karen S. Gomez Dumpit Krzysztof Kaleta Francisco Marques Bom PLMJ Advogados, SP, RL Garcia Commission on Human Marques Bom & Hospital Central Fuerza Rights of the Philippines Associados Rui Tavares Correia Aerea del Peru Krzysztof Kowalczyk Abreu & Marques Leland R. Villadolid Jr. BSJP Law Firm Francisco Marques Mario Castillo Freyre Angara Abello Concepcion Vieira Sandrine Bisson Estudio Mario Castillo Regala & Cruz Law Offices Małgorzata Grzelak Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Marvão Freyre Squire Patton Boggs Associados, Sociedade de Ma. Louisa M. Advogados, SP, RL Sofia Martins dos Oscar Cubas Barrueto Viloria-Yap Olga Sitarz Santos Universidad Nacional University of Silesia Francisco Morais Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Mayor de San Marcos Miguel B. Liceralde Coelho Associados, Sociedade de ALGA Law Paweł Waszkiewicz Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Advogados, SP, RL Rafael Sapler Zaidman University of Warsaw Associados, Sociedade de Estudio Ghersi Abogados Nancy Joan Javier Advogados, SP, RL Sofia Monge Javier Law Piotr Kuzniak Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Raul Alberto Tolmos Kancelaria Radcy Gonçalo Gil Barreiros Associados, Sociedade de Saponara Ramil E. Bugayong Prawnego Piotr Kuzniak PRA - Raposo, Sá Miranda Advogados, SP, RL PJS Law & Associados, Sociedade Rossana Maccera Wojciech Babicki de Advogados, SP, RL Spencer Dohner Reginald A. Tongol Miller Canfield, W. Spencer Dohner, Catia Silvia Rebaza Santa Tongol Joven and Babicki, A. Chelchowski Gonçalo Tavares Gomes Martins & Vanda Matos Cruz Associates Law & and Partners Ferreira Leite, Rua, Pontes Lawyers Estudio Gonzales Hunt Communications & Associados Wojciech Klicki Teresa Violante Sofía S. Sánchez Rhea Berba-Quimson Fundacja Panoptykon Inês Reis Erlangen-Nürnberg Boluarte Hewlett Packard PBBR Universität Instituto Nacional de Enterprise Anonymous Ciencias Neurológicas Contributors Joana Barrilaro Ruas Vânia Costa Ramos Ronahlee A. Asuncion Ferreira da Conceição, Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Susana Astorga Macedo University of the Portugal Menezes & Associados Associados, Sociedade de Estudio Villegas Philippines Diliman Advogados, SP, RL Ana Pires Joao Tavares Ribeiro Anonymous Roy Enrico C. Santos Universidade Atlântica JTR Advogado Anonymous Contributors PJS Law Contributors Ana Rita Gil Luís Brito Correia Philippines Anonymous Universidade Nova de Republic of Korea Contributors Lisboa Luis Miguel Amaral Carmelita Gopez Nuqui Luis Miguel Amaral - Chang Woo Lee Development Action for Poland António Casa Nova Advogados / Lawyers Donghwa Labor Women Network Escola Superior de Saúde Consulting Corporation Adam Morawski de Portalegre Maria do Rosário Anjos Cesar Villanueva Adam Morawski & Anjos, Martins & Domyung Paek Villanueva Gabionza Dy Partners Law Firm António Vaz de Castro Associados Seoul National University Law Firm Universidade de Coimbra Agnieszka Helsztyńska Maria Inês Gameiro Haksoo Ko Emerico O. De Guzman Kancelaria Adwokacka Carlos Lopes Ribeiro NOVA University of Lisbon Seoul National University ACCRALAW Adwokat Camargo & Radziminski Advogados Associados Maria João Mimoso Hwang Lee Enriquito J. Mendoza Andrzej Brodziak Nenhuma Romulo Mabanta University of Applied Carlos Pinto de Abreu Buenaventura Sayoc & de Sciences Carlos Pinto de Abreu e Miguel Andrade Jaehyuk Ahn los Angeles Associados, Sociedade de Kim & Chang Bartosz Kucharski Advogados, SP, RL P. Saragoça da Matta Francis Tom Temprosa Bartosz Kucharski Sociedade de Advogados Jaeseop Song Ateneo de Manila Chamber Carolina Boullosa Saragoça da Matta e Shin & Kim University Gonzalez Silveiro de Barros Jaroslaw Gwizdak Bind Sociedade de Junsok Yang Jelson Garcia Institute for Law and Advogados Paulo de Sá e Cunha The Catholic University of Commons Analytics and Society Cuatrecasas Korea Strategies Eduardo Buisson Loureiro

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 191 Moon-hyuck Ho Dragoș Daghie Radu Rizoiu Maria Erokhova Habimana Pie Seoul National University Daghie & Asociații Law Bucharest University Moscow Higher School Amilex Chambers Firm; Universitatea of Social & Economic Sangbong Lee Dunărea de Jos Galați Raul Miron Sciences Jean Claude Twayigize DR & AJU International Universitatea de Rwanda Bar Association Law LLC Dunea Mihai Medicină, Farmacie, Maria Voskobitova Alexandru Ioan Cuza Științe și Tehnologie din ABA Rule of Law Initiative Jean Pierre Nkurunziza Sung Kyu (Scott) Lee University of Iași Tîrgu Mureș B&A Advocates Kim & Chang Nikolai Kostenko Eugen Octavian Chivu Septimiu Panainte Moscow Helsinki Group Kayijuka Ngabo Young Hun Yoon SCP Doru Traila si Asociatii Alexandru Ioan Cuza Nexus Attorneys Hewlett Packard Korea University of Iași Pavel Alexandrovich Ltd. Florentin Timoianu Kabanov Mugemangango Paul Rubin Meyer Doru & Sergiu Bogdan Kazan Innovative PMM Advocate and Young Shim Trandafir LPC Sergiu Bogdan & Asociatii University Consultant Limited Yonsei University Florina Firaru Sergiu Golub Sergei L. Lazarev Mukoka Ronald Wallter Anonymous PETOŠEVIĆ UBB Cluj-Napoca Russin & Vecchi MK Associated Advocates Contributors George Nedelcu Silvia Gabriela Scintee Sergei Murzakokv Uwimabera Bata Romania National School of Public HSE - Nizhny Novhorod Rwanda Bar Association Gheorghe Piperea Health, Management and Alexandru Athanasiu Bucharest University; Professional Development Sergey Avrusin Vedaste Mugemanyi University of Bucharest Piperea si Asociatii Law Saint-Petersburg State Oasis Law Chambers Firm Valerius M. Ciuca Pediatric Medical Alina Daniela Nestor Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Yamfashije Jeannine Bar of Suceava Iulian Alexander Stoia University of Iași UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bucharest Bar Sergey Bogatyrev Andrei Danciu Veronica Dobozi Beiten Burkhardt Anonymous SCA Cataniciu & Asociatii Larion Alina-Paula SCA Stoica & Asociatii Contributors Ștefan cel Mare University Sergey Stepanov Andrei Mircea of Suceava Veronica Voinescu The Institute of Private Senegal Zamfirescu Voinescu & Partner Law Gilescu, Valeanu, Lazăr Ioan Adrien Dioh Nathanzon & Partners 1 Decembrie 1918 Vlad Neacsu Svetlana Igorevna Université Gaston Berger University; Baroul Alba Popovici Nitu Stoica & Dobrovolskaya Aura Campranu Asociatii Moscow Regional Bar Amadou Drame PETOŠEVIĆ Marius Balan Association Société de Developpement Alexandru Ioan Cuza Anonymous et des Fibres Textiles Bogdan C. Stoica University of Iași Contributors Viktor Pomelov Popovici Nitu Stoica & Russin & Vecchi Amadou Yakhya Fall Asociatii Mihai Carabas Russian Federation Lexisen Avocats Carabas, Lungu - Societate Vilena Voronich Bulai Nicolae-Bogdan Civila de Avocati Andrey Demin Russin & Vecchi Ameth Ba University of Bucharest Russian Public Health SCP Ba & Tandian Mihail Romeo Nicolescu Association Vyacheslav Chasnyk Cezara Batranu Ciuca Romeo Nicolescu Law Saint-Petersburg State Pe- Balla Sy Cab. av. Cezara Batranu Office Dmitry Garifulin diatric Medical University Sonatel Ciuca Corporations and Mihnea Stoica Shareholders Project Anonymous Boubacar Diakite Ciuca Aurora SCA Mihnea Stoica & Contributors Geni & Kebe Ștefan cel Mare University Asociatii Eduard Margulyan of Suceava Rwanda Cheikh Ahmadou Miloiu Ciprian Elena Sergeevna Petri Ndiaye Cosmin Flavius Costaș AuxMundus Law Arabis Group Albert Nkundabatware M. Barreau du Sénégal Costaș, Negru & Ebenezer Law Firm Ltd.; Asociații - Lawyers' Civil Nicolae-Horia Tit Elena Sinelnikova Rwanda Bar Association Cheikh Fall Cabinet Partnership Alexandru Ioan Cuza Saint-Petersburg State d'Avocats University of Iași Pediatric Medical Arsène Rutiyomba Cristian Vladescu University Clément Diarga Basse National School of Public Ovidiu Podaru Christine Habyarimana Health, Management and Babes-Bolyai University Gleb Glinka HC General Legal Services El Hadji Oumar Sane Professional Development Glinka, Rubnstein & Ltd District Sanitaire de Ploesteanu Nicolae Partners Bignona Dan Oancea Dragos Counsel Herbert Zziwa University of Bucharest Universitatea de Mari Davitovna Lavoix Advocates Gabriel Massène Medicină, Farmacie, Davtyan Senghor Diana Botau Științe și Tehnologie din Consortium of Women's Edgar Ankunda District Sanitaire Babes-Bolyai University Tîrgu Mureș NGOs Lavoix Advocates d'Oussouye

192 Laura Petiot Jane Paunkovic Nemata Majeks-Walker Iris Pensa Hugh Corder L.P-Consulting Megatrend University The 50/50 Group of Sierra Jadek & Pensa Law Office University of Cape Town Leone Mansour Gningue Jovana Tomić Jorg Sladič Jacques Matthee Geni & Kebe Caković Tomić Law Office Patrick Ngenda Nova Univerza University of the Free Johnbull State Meissa Toure Miljkan Karličić Centre for Access to Ljuba Zupančič Čokert Euromed Universite Advokatska Kancelarija Justice Peace and Human Miro Senica and Jacques van Wyk Karličić Rights Attorneys, Ltd. Werksmans Attorneys Mohamadou Boye Université Gaston Berger Nebojsa Stankovic Regena Juliana Kain Luka Ticar Joey Berning Stankovic & Partners Law BRAC International University of Ljubljana University of South Africa Ndeye Khoudia Office Tounkara Ronald Gidwani Matija Repolusk Johann Kriegler SCPA Mayacine Tounkara Ognjen Djuric Halloway & Partners Freedom Under Law et Associes Nina Persak Petar Bulat Vandi Tamba Sombie University of Ljubljana Lesiba Lolly Motsepe Ndiaye Semou Bo Children's Hospital University of South Africa Uinversité Cheikh Anta Peter Fašun DIOP de Dakar Petar Stojanovic Yembeh Marah Fašun, Melihen, Milač, Lukas Muntingh Joksovic, Stojanovic & Catholic Relief Services Strojan University of the Western Ndiouma Ndour Partners Cape Université Assane Seck de Anonymous Peter Stanovnik Ziguinchor Simonida Contributors Institute for Economic Martin Brassey Sladojevic-Stanimirovic Research Paul Babacar Faye Singapore Martin van Staden SCP Sow-Seck-Diagne & Vladimir Hrle Primož Rožman Foundation Associes Hrle Attorneys Benjamin Joshua Ong Zavod RS za Transfuzijsko Singapore Management Medicino Mbuzeni Johnson Rahimine Azimari Toure Zoran Radovic University Mathenjwa Geni & Kebe Radovic & Ratkovic Sara Ahlin Doljak University of South Africa Attorneys Chia Boon Teck Samba Cor Sarr Chia Wong LLP Tajka Golob Obrenović Mildred Bekink Ministère de la Sante et de Anonymous Gross & Golob University of South Africa l'Action Social Contributors Chia Ti Lik Chia Ngee Thuang & Co. Tine Mišic Nisha Jacob Serigne Niang Sierra Leone ODI Law Firm University of Cape Town Dan W. Puchniak Seyni Gueye Ady Macauley National University of Tjasa Drgan Ntombifikile Mtshali Cabinet d'Avocats Houda B & J Partners Singapore Law Office Drnovsek University of KwaZulu-Natal Anonymous Alphonsus B. M. Gbanie Eric Tin Keng Seng Uroš Čop Contributors Human Rights Defenders Donaldson & Burkinshaw Miro Senica and P. J. Schwikkard Network LLP Attorneys, Ltd. University of Cape Town Serbia Augustine Sorie-Sengbe Scott G. Wheeler Anonymous Peter Jordi Ana Popovic Marrah Contributors Wits Law Clinic Zivkovic Samardzic Law KMK Solicitors Simon Chesterman Office National University of South Africa Pieter du Toit Editayo Pabs-Garnon Singapore North-West University Danijela Korać-Mandić Lambert & Partners Altair Richards Novi Sad Humanitarian Suet-Fern Lee ENSafrica Richard Haslop Centre Fatmata Sorie Morgan Lewis & Bockius Woodhead Bigby Inc. Legal Access through B. N. Harris Dragan Psodorov Women Yearning for Thio Li-ann University of Pretoria Riette du Plessis Joksovic, Stojanovic & Equality Rights and Social National University of University of the Partners Justice Singapore C. I. Tshoose Witwatersrand University of South Africa Dušan M. Stojković Isaac David Babatunde Anonymous S. S. Terblanche Law Office Stojković John Contributors Dejo Olowu University of South Africa Legal Access through Walter Sisulu University Filip Milošević Women Yearning for Slovenia Shrikant Peters Law Office Milošević Equality Rights and Social Derek Hellenberg University of the Western Justice; Sorie and Bangura Anton Gradišek University of Cape Town Cape Goran Vucic Dagra D.O.O. Joksovic, Stojanovic & Ishmael Philip Mammie F. Venter Stephan du Plessis Partners Fornah-Sesay, Cummings, Borut Bernik Bogataj North-West University Webbers Attorneys Showers & Co. Ivan Kovacevic Grega Strban Funmi Abioye Victoria Bronstein Lalin Law Office University of Ljubljana University of South Africa University of the Witwatersrand

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 193 Wayne Mentz Eduardo Santamaría José Luis de Peray Manuel Ángel De las Oscar Morales García North-West University Moral Heras García Uría Menéndez J&A Garrigues SLP José Luis Goñi Sein Universidad de Alicante Werner van Straaten Universidad Pública de Pablo López Ferrer University of Pretoria Elena Espinosa Navarra Manuel Cachón Uría Menéndez Cadenas Yousuf A. Vawda Elena Sánchez Jordán José Manuel Mateo Universidad Autónoma de Patricia Barber University of KwaZulu- Universidad de La Laguna Sierra Barcelona Universidad de Las Palmas Natal J&A Garrigues SLP de Gran Canaria Emilio Díaz Ruiz Margarita Isabel Ramos Anonymous José María Labeaga Quintana Rafael Ortiz Cervello Contributors Enric Fossas Espadaler Azcona Universidad de La Laguna Garrigues Abogados Universidad Autónoma de Universidad Nacional de Spain Barcelona Educación a Distancia Margit Gaffal Raquel Flórez Escobar Complutense University Freshfields Alba García Torres Federico Andrés José R. Repullo Madrid Universidad Complutense Rodriguez Morata Escuela Nacional de Rebeca Benarroch de Madrid Universidad de Castilla-La Sanidad María Acale Sánchez Benarroch Mancha Universidad de Cádiz Ciudad de Ceuta Alberto Blasco José Vte. Martí Boscà Hernando Federico Durán López Sociedad Española de María Barberá Riera Remedios Aranda J&A Garrigues SLP Universidad de Córdoba Sanidad Ambiental Sociedad Española de Rodríguez Sanidad Ambiental Universidad Carlos III de Alfonso Pedrajas Federico Navarro Nieto Juan Alberto Díaz Madrid Abdón Pedrajas Abogados Universidad de Córdoba López María del Rosario J. A. Díaz Litigación Penal Gómez López Remedios Menéndez Almudena Álvarez Fernando Alberich Universidad de Cádiz Calvo Álvarez Lentner Arjona Juan Antonio Lascuraín Universidad de Alcalá Rambla Abogados & Baker McKenzie; María Isabel Álvarez Amparo Garrigues Asesores Universidad Autónoma de Vega Ricard Meneu Gimenez Madrid Universidad de Oviedo Fundación Instituto de Universidad Jaume I de Francisco Ramos Investigación en Servicios Castellón Romeu Juan Francisco Aguiar María José Benítez de Salud Universidad Autónoma de Rodriguez Jiménez Andrea Macía Morillo Barcelona Servicio Canario de Salud, Universidad de Málaga Roberto Mazorriaga Las Universidad Autónoma de Gobierno de Canarias Hayas Madrid Ildefonso Hernández Maria Ludivina Rambla Abogados & Aguado Juan Luis Beltrán Valvidares Suarez Asesores Antonio Pedrajas Quiles Universidad Miguel Aguirre Universidad de Oviedo Abdón Pedrajas Abogados Hernández Universidad Pública de Rocio Bonet Navarra Maria Luisa de la Flor Hewlett Packard Araceli Pelaez Iñigo Sagardoy de Fernández Enterprise Rodriguez Simón Juan Luis Moreno Universidad de Cádiz De Castro Gabinete Sagardoy Abogados Hewlett Packard Román Gil Juridico Enterprise María Pilar Marco Alburquerque Jacobo Dopico Francia Sagardoy Abogados Benito Alaez Corral Gómez-Aller Juan M. Terradillos Universidad de Universidad de Oviedo Universidad Carlos III de Universidad de Cádiz Castilla-La Mancha Rosa M. Satorras Madrid Fioretti Bernardo del Rosal Juan Manuel López Ulla Marina Lorente Universidad de Barcelona Del Rosal & Adame Jaime Flores Perez- Universidad de Cádiz J&A Garrigues SLP Abogados; Universidad de Durias Rosa María Urbanos Alicante J&A Garrigues SLP Juan Oliva Moreno Mario Maraver Gómez Garrido Universidad de Castilla-La Universidad Autónoma de Universidad Complutense Carla Sanahuja and Jaime Hernández Mancha Madrid de Madrid Daniel Marín Cuatrecasas Gomez-Acebo & Pombo Juan Pedro Cortés Martín Godino Rosario Vicente Javier Melero Labadía Sagardoy Abogados Martínez Carlos Campillo-Artero Melero & Gené Advocats Baker McKenzie Universidad de Castilla-La Servicio de Salud Islas Miguel Ángel Presno Mancha Baleares; Universitat Jesús Padilla Gálvez Juan Roca Guillamón Linera Ponpeu Fabra Universidad de Castilla-La Universidad de Murcia Univesidad de Oviedo Santiago Fernandez Mancha Redondo Carlos Ramon Laura Pozuelo Pérez Nicolás Bárcena Suárez Hospital Universitario La Fernández José Carlos Pinilla Universidad Autónoma de Universidad de Oviedo Princesa Universidad Carlos III de Domínguez Madrid Madrid Garrigues Abogados Orlanda Díaz-García Sebastián Cantallops Luis Gaite Universidad de Castilla-La Mir Christian Herrera José Fernández-Rañada Hospital Universitario Mancha Rambla Abogados & Herrera Advocats Garrigues Abogados Marques de Valdecilla Asesores

194 Vicente Pastor y Prathiba St. Lucia Minouche Bromet Mauro Zamboni Aldeguer Mahanamahewa Academic Hospital Stockholm University Universidad Autónoma de University of Colombo; Alberta Richelieu Paramaribo Madrid University of Technology Richelieu & Co. Olov Marsater Jamaica Nashreen R. J. Ilahibaks University of Uppsala Víctor Torre de Silva Alberton Richelieu Essed & Sohansingh IE University Priyantha Gamage Richelieu & Co. Lawyers Reinhold Fahlbeck Lund University Xavier Castells R. M. N. U. Rajapaksha Henri-Jacques Mangal Prema Sohansingh Universidad Autónoma de Ministry of Health 1st National Bank St. Law Firm Essed & Staffan Michelson Barcelona Lucia Limited Sohansingh Hellström Advokatbyrå S. R. L. Rosa Anonymous The Open University of Sri Leandra Gabrielle Ramesh Arun V-A Sverker Jönsson Contributors Lanka Verneuil Malahe Lund University Jennifer Remy & Malahe Advocaten Sri Lanka Savantha De Saram Associates Anonymous D. L. & F. De Saram Ruby C. A. Bleau Contributors Ajithaa Edirimane Mary Juliana Charles Lim A Po Lawfirm Sumedha Mary Juliana Charles Tanzania Anusha Mahawanniarachchi Chambers Serena N. Essed Wickramasinghe Sewcharan Law Firm Anne H. Outwater Upali Jayatilaka Tamara Foster Muhimbili University of Camena Guneratne Office of the Director of Anonymous Health and Allied Sciences The Open University of Sri Vinodh Public Prosecutions Contributors Lanka Wickremasooriya Asina Omari Anonymous Sweden University of Dar es Salaam Chandima J. Ambepitiya Anonymous Contributors Contributors Anne Ramberg Barnabas Hatson Chrishantha Abeysena St. Vincent and the Swedish Bar Association Mwashambwa University of Kelaniya St. Kitts and Nevis Grenadines Tanzania Petroleum Bengt Lundell Development Corporation D. M. Nisanka Dia C. Forrester Margaret Hughes Lund University Madhubhashini Daniel Brantley Ferrari Deus M. Kibamba Jayarathna Hughes & Company Birgitta Nysröm Tanzania Citizens' The Open University of Sri Henry Los Browne Lund University Information Bureau Lanka Browne & Associates Mikhail Charles Prudhoe Caribbean Bjorn Ohde Eliud Kitime Dhanushka Krysta S. Liburd-Clarke Advokataktiebolaget Open University of Dissanayake Liburd Law Moureeze L. Franklyn Roslagen Tanzania Baptiste & Co. Law Firm Dushyantha Perera Kurlyn D. V. Merchant Boel Flodgren Emmanuel Charles Sudath Perera Associates Merchant Legal Chambers Rene M.Baptiste Lund University Moshi Baptiste & Co. Law Firm MMAKI Advocates; Gamini Balasooriya Leonora L. Walwyn Catherine Lions University of Dodoma Sudath Perera Associates Walwyn Law Stephen Williams Umea University Williams & Williams Eric Frank Ringo Gamini Perera Maurisha Robinson Chambers Christer Thordson FIN & LAW International Law Morton Robinson, L.P. Legal Edge AB Chambers Anonymous Ernestilla John Bahati Michella Adrien Contributors Gunilla Lindmark Breakthrough Attorneys Heshika Rupasinghe Michella Adrien Law Uppsala University and Ramani Offices Suriname Eustard P. A. Ngatale Muttettuwegama Jack Ågren Tiruchelvam Associates Midge A. Morton Anne-Marel Linger Stockholm University Fundikila Wazambi Williams 4 Justice Advocaten Legal and Human Rights Kanchana Ratwatte Morton Robinson, L.P. Jessika van der Sluijs Centre Antoon Karg Stockholm University Kaumadi Galagedara Rayana Dowden North West Legal George Thomas Webster LP Johan Sangborn Masoud Kumudu Wijewardene Eloa Fanita van der Hilst Swedish Bar Association GMT Attorneys and Legal University of Sri Shemica K. Maloney 4 Justice Advocaten Consultants Jaywardenepura Maloney & Co. Karl-Arne Olsson Francyn Djajadi WSA Law Gerald Nangi Lasantha Hettiarachchi Sonya Parry Legal Aid Advocaten Clyde & Co. Law Chambers of Gonsalves Parry Karol Nowak Lasantha Hettiarachchi Humphrey R. Schurman Lund University Hakiel Ombeni Mgonja Anonymous Schurman Advocaten Donaldson and Wood Nalin Kumudu Contributors Laura Carlson Ashubodha Maureen Tjon- Stockholm University Jones Sendodo Kolonnawa Nursing Home Jaw-Chong Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 195 Kheri R. Mbiro Togo Martial Koffi Akakpo Tamara Jackson Nadhir Ben Yedder Breakthrough Attorneys Martial Akakpo & Associes Adjowavi Rose Adjenou Vernon Rooplal Prashad Rachida Jelassi Lucky Michael Mgimba Atanley Raymond Adadjisso Prashad & Associates Université de Tunis El Godwin Attorneys Clinique Autel d'Elie Men's Togo Manar Anonymous Mathias Omar Agbéwonou Koudasse Simtokina N'gani Contributors Ridha Mezghani Human Rights Centre and Cabinet d'Avocat de Ministère de la Santé et de R. Mezghani Law Office Advocacy for East Africa Maître Soedjede Galolo l'Hygiene Publique Tunisia Wajdi Abdelhedi Octavian W. Temu Akou Pignandi Sossinou Awoussi Amel Aouij Wab Expert Octavian & Company Fonds Mondial de Lutte Ministère de la Santé et de Université de Tunis El Advocates Contre le Sida et la l'Hygiene Publique Manar Anonymous Tuberculose Contributors Stephen Ally Thérèse Akouvi O. Amine Hamdi Mwakibolwa Amèvi Kpogno Donu Hamdi Law Office Turkey Alley & Associates Cabinet d'Avocats Darius Barreau du Togo Atsoo Anissa Tabai Aysegul Kula Anonymous Yaovi Montcho Contributors Augustin Dokla Martial Akakpo & Associes Aymen Zaghdoudi Cem Yeniaras RAS + Togo Carthage University Yeniaras Attorneys at Law Thailand Yawo Apélété Agbobli Claude Kokou Amegan CHU Campus de Lomé Brahim Latrech Demirhan Burak Çelik Anant Akanisthaphichat Association Togolaise des Dr. Brahim Latrech Law Galatasaray University Thai Law Firm Droits de l'Homme Anonymous Office Contributors Ece Göztepe Chacrit Sitdhiwej Damien Amoussou Elies Letaifa Bilkent University Centre pour la Promotion Trinidad and Tobago Juris International des Droits de l'Homme Esenyel Barak Bal Chalermwut Sriporm et du Développement en Ariel Moonsie Elyes Chafter Cailliau & Colakel Law Thammasat University Afrique Girwar & Deonarine Chafter Raouadi Cabinet Firm d'Avocats Chulapong Yukate Dékawunga Djoliba Betty-Ann Pilgrim Fatih Selim Yurdakul Kutolbena Ministry of Health Emna Yahyaoui Yurdakul Law Office Chusert Barreau du Togo; Cabinet Supasitthumrong Me Kutolbena Christopher Sieuchand Fares Elheni, Najet Işık Önay Tilleke & Gibbins M.G. Daly & Partners Skander, and Raouf Koç Üniversitesi International Ferdinand Ekouévi Elheni Amazohoun Dawn Gillian Seecharan Eversheds Sutherland Mahmut Kaçan Ittichai Prasongprasit SCPA Femiza Associes Seecharan Scott Elheni MK Law Office R&T Asia Limited Chambers Jean Yaovi Degli Hassine Fekih Ahmed Murat Volkan Dülger Munin Pongsapan Bâtir le Togo Gerard Hutchinson Dülger Law Office Thammasat University University of the West Hechmi Louzir Jil-Benoit Kossi Indies Institut Pasteur de Tunis Nuray Gökçek Karaca Pisut Rakwong Afangbedji Anadolu University Pisut & Partners Barreau du Togo Gina Maharaj Hedia Kedadi Cabinet Kedadi Orhan Yavuz Mavioglu Roll Chunhakasikarn Kafui A. Amekoudi Hasine Shaikh International ADMD Law Office Tilleke & Gibbins Martial Akakpo & Associes Regius Chambers International Imed Oussaifi Osman Hayran Kodjo Kekeli Togbi Jerome Maxime La Cour d'Appel Medipol University Sudarat Sereewat FACE Foundation Kolou Simliwa Dassa Kaveeta Persad Inès Zribi Ozer Tuncay Université de Lomé Fitzwilliam, Stone, L'Association Tunisienne Tuncay Law Office Sumet Sirikunchoat Furness-Smith & Morgan de Droit de Santé Thammasat University Kossi Adjedomole R. Murat Önok Martial Akakpo & Associes Keri A. Kitson Insaf Ben Aoun Turkish Press Council Wanchai Yiamsamatha LS Horizon Kossi Assiom Bokodjin Michelle T. Ramnarine Karim Ben Hamida Savas Bozbel Barreau du Togo KBH Law Firm Bozbel Law & Consulting Wandee Oscar Noel Ocho Sirichokchatchawan Koundé (Innocent) University of the West Lassâad Dhaouadi Serdar Hizir Chulalongkorn University Kpeto Indies l'Institut Tunisien des Atilim University Ordre National des Conseils Fiscaux Anonymous Pharmaciens Petra A. Mahabalsingh Şule Özsoy Boyunsuz Contributors Lex Caribbean Mahmoud Dawoud Galatasaray University M. Koffi Houndebasso Yacoub Société Togolaise de Sonnel David-Longe Ordre National des Ufuk Aydin l'Evaluation -Evaluateurs M.G. Daly & Partners Avocats du Tunisie Anadolu University émergents

196 Anonymous Laura Nyirinkindi Larysa Matiukha United Arab Emirates Maryellen Reynolds Contributors Pro Initiatives Agency National Medical Attorneys Judicial Military Academy of Postgraduate Ali Al Balooshi Mediators Consultants Uganda Lilian Keene-Mugerwa Educational Al Balooshi & Al International Group Kleeva Associated Marashda Advocates & Adrian Jjuuko Advocates Lesia Sakalosh Legal Consultants Nigel Duncan Human Rights Awareness Danylo Halytskyi Lviv and Promotion Forum Mary Nalwoga National Medical El Mukashfi Majzoob Octávio Luiz Motta Uganda Law Society University Al Balooshi & Al Ferraz Albert Turyahabwe Marashda Advocates & King's College London National Water and Miria Matembe Liliy V. Kriachkova Legal Consultants Sewerage Corporation Dnipropetrovsk Medical Peter McTigue Raymond Mwebesa Academy Haleama Al Sabbah Nottingham Trent Alunga Patrick Alvarez Kampala Associated Zayed University University BKA Advocates Advocates Lyubomyr Drozdovskyy Khasin & Drozdovskyy Mirza R. Baig Rebecca Niblock Atim Evelyn Robert Mugisa Barristers Association Dubai Pharmacy College Kingsley Napley LLP Buwembo & Co. The Human Rights Centre for Girls Advocates Uganda Oleksandr Skliarenko Richard Ashcroft Skliarenko, Sydorenko and Nasiruddeen Queen Mary University of Birungyi Cephas Ronald Tukachungurwa Partners Muhammad London Kagyenda Kodili & Co. Advocates University of Dubai Birungyi Barata & Oleksii Makarenkov Richard W. Whitecross Associates Sam Mayanja Zaporizhzhya National Rami Omar Abdellatif Edinburgh Napier Kampala Associated University Hadef & Partners University Brigitte Kusiima Advocates Byarugaba Sendi Olesia Otradnova Tessa Dignam Steven Lorber Shonubi, Musoke and Co. Anonymous Taras Shevchenko IKM Advocates, DLA Piper Lewis Silkin LLP Advocates Contributors National University of Kyiv Africa Thomas Garner Bwiite Lydia Ukraine Olga Prosyanyuk Zayed Saeed Alshamsi Gherson Platform for Labour Action Zayed Alshamsi Advocates Anna Mikhailyuk Pavlo Lukomskyi & Legal Consultants Tonia Novitz C. K. Kalumiya Mikhailyuk, Sorokolat & Salkom Law Firm University of Bristol Kampala Associated Partners Zeyad Jaffal Advocates Roman Maydanyk Al Ain University Tony Ward Anna Sakalosh Taras Shevchenko Northumbria University Claire Amanya National University of Kyiv Anonymous Rukundo-Kakeeto Evgen Ryabokon Contributors Anonymous CR. Amanya Advocates & Taras Shevchenko Roman Sabodash Contributors Solicitors National University of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko United Kingdom National University of Kyiv United States Doreen Nawaali Hryhoriy Trotskyy Cathy Scott-Clark MMAKS Advocates Danylo Halytskyi Lviv Sergiy Gryshko Abigail Margaret Reay National Medical Redcliffe Partners Christopher May Yull Emmanuel Luyirika University Lancaster University Hewlett Packard African Palliative Care Shkvorets Yaroslav Enterprise Association Igor Fedorenko RULG - Ukrainian Legal David Josse AVER LEX Attorneys at Group Five St. Andrew's Hill Alan W. Houseman Ferdinand Tumuhaise Law Chambers National Equal Justice Son of Loyola Legal Taras Tsymbrivskyy Library Consultants Iryna Shevchuk Human Rights in Action, Gavin Irwin Engarde Attorneys at Law USAID; Ukrainian Helsinki Chambers of Jonathan Allen S. Weiner Francis Opedun Human Rights Union Laidlaw QC Stanford University Mutalya & Co. Advocates Ivan Horodyskyy Ukrainian Catholic Viktoriia Ivchuk Jill Stavert Amy Widman Fredrck K. Sentomero University KNP Clinic Edinburgh Napier Rutgers University OSH Advocates University Katerina Vlasyuk Vladislava Pukhalenko Artie Renee Pobjecky Grace Mukwaya AVG Law Firm Leshchenko, Doroshenko Jonathan S. Pobjecky and Pobjecky, Platform for Labour Action & Partners Nguyen-Van-Tam LLP Konstantin Naduty University of Nottingham Idoot Augustine Obilil Ukrainian Medical Expert Vyacheslav Sokolov Bryan A. Liang Kampala Associated Association Paradox Law Firm Jonathan Stuart S-3 Research Advocates Mitchell Kostiantyn Doroshenko Anonymous Chambers of Paul Charles Garcia Justine Balya Leshchenko, Doroshenko Contributors Mandelle Hewlett Packard Human Rights Awareness & Partners Enterprise and Promotion Forum Kyle Phillips Fieldfisher Christopher R. Drahozal University of Kansas

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 197 David K. Y. Tang Stephen A. Saltzburg Magela Ramón Madina Tursunova Bernardo Pulido K&L Gates, LLP The George Washington Hughes & Hughes Legalmax Law Firm Márquez University Consultores Jurídicos H. David Kelly, Jr. Manuel Reyes Puig Minora Ferdovsievna Beins Axelrod PC Stephen C. Veltri Intrust Business Solutions Saydahmedova Catherina Gallardo Ohio Northern University Legisland Law Office Gallardo Vaudo y James H. Pietsch María Durán Asociados University of Hawaii Steven Ramirez Hughes & Hughes Muratayev Serikbey Loyola University Chicago Alpamisovich Claudia Madrid Jeffrey Aresty Mariana Fernandez Tashkent State University Martínez InternetBar.org Institute Tarek Azhari Fasciolo of Law Universidad Central de Hewlett Packard Universidad de la Venezuela John Pollock Enterprise República Yana Niyazmetova National Coalition for a Azizov and Partners Diego Thomás Civil Right to Counsel Tim K. Mackey Martín Miguel Fridman Castagnino University of California Monasterolo Ziyoda Ataxodjaeva Universidad Central de John R. LaBar San Diego Ferrere Abogados Turon Mega Stroy LLC Venezuela Henry, McCord, Bean, Miller, Gabriel & LaBar, Timothy E. Dolan Martín Risso Ferrand Anonymous Eduardo J. Sánchez R. P.L.L.C. Policy Foresight Universidad Católica del Contributors Álvarez, Sánchez & Uruguay Asociados Abogados Jonathan Hiatt Vernellia Randall Venezuela, RB Solidarity Center The University of Dayton Natalia Veloso Edward Pérez Universidad de Alberto Blanco-Uribe Instituto Interamericano Karen A. Lash Anonymous Montevideo Quintero de Responsabilidad Social American University Contributors Universidad Central de y Derechos Humanos Nicolás Pallas Venezuela Kepler B. Funk Uruguay Posadas, Posadas & Ernesto Gonzalez Rubio Funk, Szachacz & Vecino Alberto Jurado Casas Rincon, Gonzalez Diamond, LLC Alfredo Taullard ALC Penal Rubio & Asoc. Hughes & Hughes Pedro J. Montano Laurel G. Bellows Gómez Alejandro Risquez Parra Eugenio Bellows Law Group PC Andrés Fuentes Scelza & Montano Estudio Universidad Central de Hernández-Bretón Arcia Storace Fuentes Jurídico Venezuela Academia de Ciencias Leonard A. Sandler Medina Abogados Políticas y Sociales University of Iowa Ricardo Mezzera Alessandra Corona Camilo Martínez Blanco Mezzera Abogados Araquereyna; Harvard Faustino Flamarique Maha Jweied Universidad de University LEGA Abogados Montevideo Santiago Pereira Matthew Keck Campos Alexander Marcano Félix Ignacio Sánchez Hewlett Packard Carlos Pittamiglio Rueda Abadi Pereira; Montero Hernández Enterprise Estudio Jurídico Universidad de Lawyers Group, Despacho Álvarez, Sánchez & Bartesaghi Montevideo de Abogados Asociados Abogados Michele Forzley Forzley & Associates Eduardo Ferrari Santiago Theoduloz Alí Daniels Fernando Javier Baralt Posadas, Posadas & Guyer & Regules Acceso a la Justicia Briceño Paul Bender Vecino Universidad Rafael Arizona State University Tomás Guerrero Alvaro Badell Madrid Urdaneta Escandor El Ters Posadas, Posadas & Badell & Grau Renaldy J. Gutierrez Instituto Nacional del Vecino Fernando M. Fernandez Gutierrez & Associates Cáncer Andrea Cardone Anonymous Álvarez, Sánchez & Francisco Allende Renée M. Landers Isabel Abarno Contributors Asociados Abogados Cámara Venezolana del Suffolk University Delpiazzo Abogados Medicamento Uzbekistan Andrés Carrasquero Ricks Frazier Joaquin Reyes Puig Stolk Franco Puppio Pérez Reyes Rius Abdujabbor ESC+G Abogados Universidad Católica Robert J. Collins The Council of the Social Andrés Bello University of Pennsylvania Juan Diego Menghi Democratic Party of Andres L. Halvorssen Arburúas Uzbekistan RdHOO Abogados Frederick Cabrera Roy M. Poses Pérez del Castillo & Conde Brown University Asociados Aziz Sattarov Antonio Silva Universidad Católica Reliable Law Firm Aranguren Andrés Bello; Universidad Russell C. Maulitz Juan Federico Fischer Centro para la Integración Central de Venezuela Tapestry Health Andersen Tax & Legal Botir Yigitaliev y el Derecho Público Information Technologies, CODEX Law Firm Fredy Ernesto Martinez LLC Julio Lens Arturo De Sola Lander Diaz LENS Ilkhom Azizov De Sola Pate & Brown Martinez Diaz & Asocia- Sara Elizabeth Dill Azizov and Partners dos Firma de Abogados Anethum Global Lucía Acosta Beatriz Borges Urrutia Ferrere Abogados Jakhongir Z. Djuraev

198 Gilberto A. Laura Louza Valentina Arianna Pham Van Phat Yusuf Ahmed Guerrero-Rocca Acceso a la Justicia Russo Borzellino An Phat Pham Law Firm University Teaching Florida International Cigala, Puppio y Asociados Hospitals University Lolymar Hernández Phong Camargo Victor R. CNC VN Anonymous Gilles Valensi Sosa Universidad Católica Hernández-Mendible Contributors Andrés Bello HMO Consultores Tran Thanh Tung Gonzalo Himiob Internacionales Global Vietnam Lawyers Zimbabwe Santomè Manuel A. Gomez Law Firm Foro Penal Florida International Victor Rujano Bautista Abraham Mateta University Asociación Civil Culturas Vu Dzung MC Mukome Legal Guillermo López Indígenas y Medio YKVN Lawyers Practitioners Bolet & Terrero Maria Delina Sánchez Ambiente Sustentable Villegas Anonymous Andrew Makoni Hector Cardoze Rangel Loreto Abogados Yeoshua Bograd Contributors Mbidzo, Muchadehama & Universidad Central de Penalistas Lamberti Makoni Legal Practitioners Venezuela Zambia María Gabriela Vicent Zuleima Espinel Archlove Takunda Ignacio J. Andrade Allende JBA Legal Annie Kangwa Chewe Tanyanyiwa Cifuentes Dentons University of Zambia Ramangwana Grassroots Ponte Andrade & Anonymous Development Initiative Casanova Mauricio Ramirez Contributors Ernest Muketoi Beele Gordon University of Zambia Bright Mahuni Jacqueline Richter Fundación Verdad Vietnam Scanlen & Holderness Universidad Central de Venezuela Fares Phiri Venezuela Danny Đức Duy Nodi Trust School Casper Pound Natasha Saturno Santa Lawyers Company Family AIDS Support Jaime Martínez Estévez Siñovsky Isaac Simbeye Organisation Rodner, Martínez & Acción Solidaria David Lam Muyatwa Legal Asociados The Lam Law Company Practitioners Charisma Ncube Nayibe Chacón Gómez Limited Scanlen & Holderness Javier Alfredo Villamizar Universidad Central de Jacqueline Cornhill Gordon Venezuela Do Thi Hang Jhala Chiratidzo Ellen Palacios, Torres & Korody ANT Lawyers Law Firm Corpus Legal Practitioners Ndhlovu Nelson Chitty La Roche Jorge Rosell Senhenn Universidad Central de Haley Chau Kim Hanh John Chibalabala Bloque Constitucional Venezuela Le & Tran John Chibalabala Legal Cinginkosi Dube Practitioners Scanlen & Holderness José Rafael Vargas Oscat Hernández Kent Wong Rincón Alvarez VCI Legal Mehluli Malisa David Tinashe Hofisi José Rafael Vargas, S.C. Batakathi University of Rafael Ignacio Olivar Le An Hai Muyatwa Legal Wisconsin-Madison Juan Alberto Berríos Escritorio Jurídico Practitioners Ortigoza Aguilarte y Asociados Le Tien Dat Edwin Isaac Manikai Universidad del Zulia Apolat Legal Law Firm Namwene Kamoto Phiri Dube, Manikai & Hwacha Rafael Molina Corpus Legal Practitioners Juan Carlos Molina & Asociados Le Van Thanh Elizabeth M. Garantón-Blanco SureLaw Law Firm O'Brien Kaaba Chadambuka Universidad Católica Raul Sanchez Urribarri University of Zambia Africa University Andrés Bello La Trobe University Ngo Huu Nhi Thien An Law Office Oscar Kaubi Farai Chizengeni Juan Carlos Oliveira Reinaldo Jesús Guilarte Mopani Copper Mines PLC Bonomi Lamuño Nguyen Huu Phuoc Fraser Edkins RdHOO Abogados Ayala Dillon Fernández Phuoc and Associates Pamela Sibanda Mumbi Coghlan Welsh and Guest Linares Chavero SCM Legal Practitioners Juan Carlos Sainz Borgo Consultores Jurídicos Nguyen Nam Hung Godfrey Sibanda University for Peace VPS Securities Company Pamela Towela Sambo Mbidzo, Muchadehama & Ricardo J. Cruz Rincón Makoni Legal Practitioners Juan Domingo Alfonzo Escritorio Chumaceiro Nguyen Nhan Quang Sebastian Chinkoyo Paradisi González Rubio Ndola Teaching Hospital Godman Chingoma Torres Plaz y Araujo Nguyen Nhan Tuan Dube, Manikai & Hwacha Roberto Hung Cavalieri Tiziana Marietta Julio César Fernández Cultura Jurídica Org Nguyen Truong Tho Sharpe & Howard Legal Hezel Sibanda Toro Dai Nghia Law Office Practitioners Maweresibanda Universidad Central de Rubén Guía Chirino Commercial Lawyers Venezuela Cultura Jurídica Org Phạm Thị Thoa Vincent Kaunda Apolat Legal Law Firm Mwewa Jeremiah Mutongi Karla Andreína Sáez Simón Jurado-Blanco Messrs V K Mwewa and Bamu Rodríguez Sandoval Phạm Tri Dung Company Mbidzo, Muchadehama & ESC+G Abogados Jurado-Blanco & Aguirre Hanoi University of Public Makoni Legal Practitioners Abogados Health

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 199 Kudzai Caroline Tandi Tariro Dzinomwa Mangwiro Tandi Law National University of Science and Technology Maxwell C. C. Musingafi Zimbabwe Open Tawanda Tandi University Kantor & Immerman Legal Practitioners Memory Kudzayi Melody Terence Hussein Scanlen & Holderness Hussein Ranchhod and Co. Mordecai Pilate Mahlangu Tshuma Mercia Monica Gill Godlonton & Gerrans Zambezi Law Trust

Moses Nkomo Anonymous DNM Attorneys Contributors

Moyo Evans T. Scanlen & Holderness

Mutsa Remba Dube, Manikai & Hwacha

Nobert Musa Phiri Muvingi & Mugadza Legal Practitioners

Nyasha Brighton Munyuru Muvingi & Mugadza Legal Practitioners

Obey Shava Mbidzo, Muchadehama & Makoni Legal Practitioners

Paidamoyo Bryne Saurombe Adventist Lawyers Association; Scanlen and Holderness; Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights

Philemon Mutukwa N. Mashizha and Associates Legal Practitioners

Reveal E. Nyamayemombe Muvingi & Mugadza Legal Practitioners

Simon Sadomba Gill Godlonton & Gerrans

Simplicio Bhebhe Kantor & Immerman Legal Practitioners

Tafadzwa Ralph Mugabe Tafadzwa Ralph Mugabe Legal Counsel

Tapiwanashe Mukandi Scanlen & Holderness

200 Acknowledgements The World Justice Project’s Honorary Chairs, Directors, Officers, Staff, Financial Supporters, and Sponsoring Organizations are listed in the last section of this report. Polling companies, research organizations, and contributing experts are listed in the Methodology section of this report.

Academic Advisors Toby Mendel, Centre for Law and Democracy; Nicholas Kaur; Anne Kelley; Howard Kenison; Junaid Khalid; Menzies, The World Bank; Ghada Moussa, Cairo Elsa Khwaja; Stuti Kokkalera; Simeon Koroma; Steven

Mark David Agrast, American Society of International University; Sam Muller, HiiL; Robert L. Nelson, American H. Kraft; Larry D. Kramer; Jack Krumholtz; Lianne Law; Jose M. Alonso, World Wide Web Foundation; Bar Foundation and Northwestern University; Alfonsina Labossiere; Joanna Lim; Deborah Lindholm; Annie Rolf Alter, OECD; Eduardo Barajas, Universidad del Peñaloza, Hewlett Foundation; Harris Pastides, Livingston; Jeanne L. Long; Carlos López; Clarissa Rosario; Maurits Barendrecht, Tilburg University; University of South Carolina; Randal Peerenboom, La Lopez-Diarte; Maha Mahmoud; Biawakant Mainali; Tonu Basu, Open Government Partnership; Lowell Trobe University and Oxford University; Angela Pinzon, Andrew Makoni; Dijana Malbaša; Ermek Mamaev; Frank Bergman, University of California, Berkeley; Tim Besley, Universidad del Rosario; Pascoe Pleasence, University Mantero; Madison Marks; Roger Martella; Vivek Maru; London School of Economics; Christina Biebesheimer, College London; Shannon Portillo, George Mason John Mason; Elisa Massimino; Hiroshi Matsuo; Michael The World Bank; Juan Carlos Botero, Pontificia University; Michael H. Posner, New ; Maya; Sindi Medar-Gould; Ludmila Mendonça; Ellen Universidad Javeriana; Paul Brest, Stanford University; Roy L. Prosterman, University of Washington; Mignoni; Aisha Minhas; María Cristina Montaño; Claros Jose Caballero, IMD Business School; David Caron, Anita Ramasastry, University of Washington; Mor Morean; Junichi Morioka; Marion Muller; Norhayati Kings College, London; Thomas Carothers, Carnegie Rubinstein, Open Knowledge Foundation; Angela Ruiz, Mustapha; Ilija Nedelkoski; Niku Neshati; Javier Nicolás; ; Marcela Castro, Universidad de los Andes; Universidad del Rosario; Audrey Sacks, The World Bank; Daniel Nitu; Elida Nogoibaeva; Victoria Norelid; Justin Peter Chapman, Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI); Lutforahman Saeed, Kabul University; Michaela Saisana, Nyekan; Sean O’Brien; Peggy Ochanderena; Bolaji Eduardo Cifuentes, Universidad de los Andes; Sherman EU-JRC; Andrea Saltelli, EU-JRC; Moises Sanchez, Olaniran; Joy Olson; Mohamed Olwan; Gustavo Alanis Cohn, Georgetown University; Christine M. Cole, Alianza Regional por la Libertad de Expresión; Andrei Ortega; Bolaji Owasanoye; Pablo Parás; Angeles Melano Crime & Justice Institute; Mariano-Florentino Cuellar, Shleifer, Harvard University; Jorge Luis Silva, The World Paz; Ronen Plechnin; Kamal Pokhrel; John Pollock; Stanford University; Helen Darbishire, Access Info Bank; Gordon Smith, University of South Carolina; Alejandra Portillo; Cynthia Powell; Humberto Europe; Nicolas Dassen, Inter-American Development Christopher Stone, Open Society Foundations; John Prado Sifontes; Nathalie Rakotomalia; Javier Ramirez; Bank; Larry Diamond, Stanford University; Claudia J. Temple, University of California, Berkeley; Rene Uruena, Eduardo Ramos-Gómez; Daniela Rampani; Richard Dumas, Transparency International USA; Sandra Elena, Universidad de los Andes; Stefan Voigt, University of Randerson; Claudia Rast; Yahya Rayegani; Adrian F. Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos; Brad Hamburg; Barry Weingast, Stanford University; Michael Revilla; Salvador Reyes; Lopes Ribeiro; Nigel H. Roberts; Epperly, University of South Carolina; Julio Faundez, Woolcock, The World Bank. Amir Ron; Liz Ross; Irma Russell; Marc Sepama; Adam Warwick University; Hazel Feigenblatt, Global Integrity; Severance; Bruce Sewell; Uli Parmlian Sihombing; Hajrija Todd Foglesong, Munk School of Global Affairs at the Roland Abeng; Lukman Abdul-Rahim; Mariam Ahmed; Sijerčić-Čolić; William Sinnott; Lumba Siyanga; Brad University of Toronto; Tom Ginsburg, University of Lina Alameddine; Sarah Alexander; Jessica Álvarez; Smith; Julie Smith; Lourdes Stein; Thomas M. Susman; Chicago; Joseph Foti, Open Government Partnership; Rose Karikari Anang; Evelyn Ankumah; Jassim Alshamsi; Elizabeth Thomas-Hope; Laurence ; Martha Uc; James Goldston, Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI); Jessica Álvarez; Ekaterina Baksanova; Hamud M. Balfas; Patricia van Nispen; Robert Varenik; Maria Vinot; Jorge Gonzalez, Universidad Javeriana; Alejandro Laila El Baradei; Rachael Beitler; Laurel Bellows; Clever Raymond Webster; Dorothee Wildt; Jason Wilks; Malin Gonzalez-Arriola, Open Government Partnership; Jon Bere; Rindala Beydoun; Karan K. Bhatia; Cherie Blair; Winbom; Nazgul Yergalieva; Xueling You; Stephen Zack; Gould, American University; Martin Gramatikov, HiiL; Rob Boone; Raúl Izurieta Mora Bowen; Ariel Braunstein; Jorge Zapp-Glauser; Roula Zayat. Brendan Halloran, Transparency and Accountability Kathleen A. Bresnahan; Michael Brown; William Initiative; Linn Hammergren; Tim Hanstad, Landesa; R. Brownfield; David Bruscino; Carolina Cabrera; Institutional Contributors Wassim Harb, Arab Center for the Development of Javier Castro De León; John Catalfamo; Fahima and Advisors Rule of Law and Integrity; Nathaniel Heller, Open Charaffeddine; David Cheyette; Sophie Clark; Jose Government Partnership; Vanessa Herringshaw, Cochingyan, III; Sonkita Conteh; Barbara Cooperman; Altus Global Alliance; APCO Worldwide; Fleishman- Transparency and Accountability Initiative; Susan Hans Corell; Adriana Cosgriff; Alexander E. Davis; Beth Hillard; The Center for Advanced Study in the Hirsch, George Mason University; Ronald Janse, Davis; James P. DeHart; Brackett B. Denniston, III; Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University; The Center on Law School; Erik G. Jensen, Russell C. Deyo; Surya Dhungel; Adama Dieng; Andrew Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, Stanford Stanford University; Haroon Khadim, PAE; Rachel Domingoes; Sandra Elena; Roger El Khoury; Sanal University; The German Bar Association in Brussels; Kleinfeld, Carnegie Endowment; Jack Knight, Duke Enkhbaatar; Adele Ewan; Juan Farré; Fatima Fettar; Eric Governance Data Alliance; Google Inc.; University; Harold H. Koh, Yale University; Margaret Florenz; Abderrahim Foukara; Kristina Fridman; Morly Institute for Innovation of Law (HiiL); Investigative Levi, Stanford University; Iris Litt, Stanford University; Frishman; Viorel Furdui; Minoru Furuyama; William Reporting Program, UC Berkeley of Clare Lockhart, The Institute for State Effectiveness; H. Gates, Sr.; Anna Gardner; Sujith George; Adam Journalism; The Legal Department of Hewlett Packard Zsuzsanna Lonti, OECD; Diego Lopez, Universidad de Gerstenmier; Jacqueline Gichinga; Suzanne E. Gilbert; Enterprise; The Legal Department of Microsoft los Andes; William T. Loris, Loyola University; Lauren Felipe Gómez; Nengak Daniel Gondyi; Lindsey Graham; Corporation; The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center E. Loveland, National Democratic Institute (NDI); Paul Deweh Gray; Michael S. Greco; Elise Groulx; Heena for International and , Yale University; Rule Maassen, Open Government Partnership; Beatriz Gupta; Arkady Gutnikov; Karen Hall; Kunio Hamada; of Law Collaborative, University of South Carolina; The Magaloni, Stanford University; Jenny S. Martinez, Sana Hawamdeh; Alvaro Herrero; Sheila Hollis; Michael University of Chicago Law School; Vera Institute of Stanford University; Toby McIntosh, FreedomInfo.org; Holston; R. William Ide, III; Murtaza Jaffer; Sunil Kumar Justice. Joshi; Marie-Therese Julita; Megan Kabre; Rashvin

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 201 About the World Justice Project

The World Justice Project (WJP) is an independent, multidisciplinary organization working to create knowledge, build awareness, and stimulate action to advance the rule of law worldwide. Effective rule of law reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and protects people from injustices large and small. It is the foundation for communities of justice, opportunity, and peace—underpinning development, accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights.

Our Approach Honorary Chairs Board of Directors

Traditionally, the rule of law has been The World Justice Project has the support Shaikha Abdulla Al-Misnad; Kamel viewed as the domain of lawyers and of outstanding leaders representing a Ayadi; William C. Hubbard; Hassan judges. However, everyday issues of range of disciplines around the world. The Bubacar Jallow; Suet-Fern Lee; Mondli safety, rights, justice, and governance Honorary Chairs of the World Justice Makhanya; M. Margaret McKeown; John affect us all; everyone is a stakeholder in Project are: Nery; William H. Neukom; Ellen Gracie the rule of law. Based on this, the WJP Northfleet; James R. Silkenat; and Petar builds and supports a global, multi- ; Giuliano Amato; Stoyanov. disciplinary movement for the rule of Robert Badinter; James A. Baker law by: III; Cherie Blair; Stephen G. Breyer; Sharan Burrow; David Byrne; Jimmy Director Emeritus 1. Collecting, organizing, and analyzing Carter; Maria Livanos Cattaui; Emil original, independent rule of law data, Constantinescu; Hans Corell; Hilario G. President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai including the WJP Rule of Law Index; Davide, Jr.; Hernando de Soto; Adama Dieng; William H. Gates, Sr.; Ruth Bader 2. Supporting research, scholarship, and Ginsburg; Richard J. Goldstone; Kunio teaching about the importance of rule of Hamada; Lee H. Hamilton; Mohamed law, its relationship to development, and Ibrahim; Tassaduq Hussain Jillani; Anthony effective strategies to strengthen it; and M. Kennedy; Beverley McLachlin; George J. Mitchell; Sandra Day O’Connor; 3. Connecting and building an engaged Ana Palacio; Colin L. Powell; Roy L. global network of policy-makers and Prosterman; Richard W. Riley; Mary advocates to advance the rule of Robinson; Richard Trumka; Desmond law through strategic partnerships, Tutu; Antonio Vitorino; Harold Woolf; and convenings, coordinated advocacy, and Andrew Young. support for locally-led initiatives, including through the Resource Hub, a directory of leading organizations advancing the rule of law worldwide; the World Justice Challenge, a to identify, recognize, and promote practices and successful solutions for strengthening the rule of law worldwide; and the World Justice Forum.

202 Officers and Staff World Justice Project Funders WJP League of Law Firms 2019-2020

William C. Hubbard, Board Chair; William The World Justice Project thanks the Cooley H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Mark D. following major 2019-2020 donors whose Davis Wright Tremaine Agrast, Vice President; Deborah Enix- support makes our work possible: Fenwick & West Ross, Vice President; Nancy Ward, Vice K&L Gates President; James R. Silkenat, Director American Bar Association – Section of Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough Environment, Energy, and Resources and Treasurer; Gerold W. Libby, General Perkins Coie Counsel and Secretary. American Council of Learned Societies White & Case & Melinda Gates Foundation Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Staff and Consultants: Elizabeth Rosati Foundation Andersen, Executive Director; Paul British Council Zuber Lawler & Del Duca Fisher, Chief Development Officer; Charles Stewart Mott Foundation Matthew Harman, Chief Communications A list of funders can be found at: Cordaid Officer; Ted Piccone, Chief Engagement worldjusticeproject.org. Officer; Alejandro Ponce, Chief Research Barbara and R. Bradford Evans Officer; Richard Schorr, Chief Financial German Corporation for International and Administrative Officer; Tim Kessler, Cooperation Country Director; Laura Aquino; Ester Hague Institute for Innovation of Law Arroyo; Courtney Babcock; Lindsey Bock; Isabel Campana; Erin Campbell; Hague Municipality Ana Cardenas; Estefany Caudillo; Lilian Hewlett Packard Enterprise Chapa Koloffon; Glenda Charles; Maria Chavarria; Miguel Contreras; Paulina Del Inter-American Development Bank Paso; Killian Dorier; Alicia Evangelides; Jones Day Vianney Fernández; Marco Ivan Figueroa; Emma Frerichs; Joshua Fuller; Amir Knowledge Management Fund Galvan; Felipe Gomez; Erendira Gonzalez; LexisNexis Lucia Gonzalez; Kirssy González; Amy Microsoft Corporation Gryskiewicz; Juan Carlos Guarneros; Issa Guerra; Fernando Gutierrez O.; Joseph Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Haley; Irene Heras; Roberto Hernández; Netherlands Jaya Khetarpal; Priyanka Khosla; Sarah Mo Ibrahim Foundation Chamness Long; Alejandro Lopez; Neukom Family Foundation Rafael Lozano; Debby Manley; Gabriela Marquez; Joel Martinez; Oswaldo Mejia; Open Society Justice Initiative Ignacio Miranda; Jorge A. Morales; Jason Sally and William H. Neukom Murray; Layda Negrete; Fernando Omedé; Marien Rivera; Mario Rodríguez; Natalia United States Agency for International Development Rodríguez Cajamarca; Juan Salgado; Alicia Segovia; Rebecca Silvas; Leslie Solís United States Department of State Saravia; Marcelo Torres; Paulina Vega; Nancy Ward and Toby Bright Gerard Vinluan; and Emily Youatt. Kent Walker and Diana Walsh

Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 203 Effective rule of law reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and protects people from injustices large and small.

204 Rule of Law

“Laws of justice which , the wise “I could adjudicate as well as king, established… That the strong might anyone. But I would prefer to make law- not injure the weak, in order to protect the suits unnecessary.” widows and orphans..., in order to declare –Analects of justice in the land, to settle all disputes, and heal all injuries.” “It is more proper that law should govern –Codex Hammurabi than any one of the citizens.” –, (350 BCE) “Treat the people equally in your court and give them equal attention, so that the “If someone disobeys the law, even if he is noble shall not aspire to your partiality, nor (otherwise) worthy, he must be punished. the humble despair of your justice.” If someone meets the standard, even if he –Judicial Guidelines from ‘Umar Bin is (otherwise) unworthy, he must be found Al-Khattab, The Second Khalifa of Islam’ innocent. Thus the Way of the public good will be opened up, and that of private “All human beings are born free and equal in interest will be blocked.” and rights… Everyone is entitled to –The Huainanzi 139 BCE (Han Dynasty, all the rights and freedoms set forth in this China) Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, “The Law of Nations, however, is common political or other opinion, national or social to the entire human race, for all nations origin, property, birth or other status.” have established for themselves certain –Universal Declaration of Human Rights regulations exacted by custom and human .” – “We are all servants of the laws in order that we may be free.” “Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins.” – (106 BCE - 43 BCE) –, Two Treatises of Government (1689) “No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised of his free tenement or of his “Good civil laws are the greatest good that liberties or free customs, or outlawed or men can give and receive. They are the exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go source of morals, the palladium of property, against such a man or send against him and the guarantee of all public and private save by lawful judgement of his peers or by peace. If they are not the foundation of the . To no-one will we sell government, they are its supports; they or deny or delay right or justice.” moderate power and help ensure respect – for it, as though power were justice itself.” –Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis, Discours Préliminaire du Premier Projet de Code Civil

WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 205

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WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 207

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