338 United Nations Treaty Series 1971
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War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. -
Nerin-En.Pdf
FOLLOWING THE FOOTPRINTS OF COLONIAL BARCELONA Gustau Nerín It is hardly unusual to find people, even highly educated people, who claim Catalonia can analyse colonialism with sufficient objectivity given that it has never taken part in any colonial campaign and never been colonialist. Even though most historians do not subscribe to this view, it is certainly a common belief among ordinary people. Dissociating ourselves from colonialism is obviously a way of whitewashing our history and collective conscience. But Barcelona, like it or not, is a city that owes a considerable amount of its growth to its colonial experience. First, it is obvious that the whole of Europe was infected with colonial attitudes at the height of the colonial period, towards the end of the 19th century and first half of the 20th. Colonial beliefs were shared among the English, French, Portuguese and Belgians, as well as the Swedes, Swiss, Italians, Germans and Catalans. Colonialist culture was constantly being consumed in Barcelona as in the rest of Europe. People were reading Jules Verne’s and Emilio Salgari's novels, collecting money for the “poor coloured folk” at missions in China and Africa and raising their own children with the racist poems of Kipling. The film industry, that great propagator of colonial myths, inflamed passions in our city with Tarzan, Beau Geste and The Four Feathers. Barcelona’s citizens certainly shared this belief in European superiority and in the white man’s burden, with Parisians, Londoners and so many other Europeans. In fact, even the comic strip El Capitán Trueno, which was created by a communist Catalan, Víctor Mora, proved to be a perfect reflection of these colonial stereotypes. -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea Location and Size Equatorial Guinea consists of a land area that is part of mainland Africa and a series of islands off the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Equatorial Guinea is located in West Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon. The country lies at 4o 00 N, 10o 00 E. Equatorial Guinea is positioned within the extreme coordinates of 4°00 N and 2°00S and 10° 00E and 8° 00E Equatorial Guinea has a total land area of 28,051 sq km. The mainland territory of the country is called Rio Muni. The island territories of the country are: Bioko (formally, Fernando Po), Annobon, Corisco, Belobi, Mbane, Conga, Cocotiers, Elobey Island (formally known as Mosquito Islands). Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea’s Continental Territory) Rio Muni is a rectangular-shaped territory measuring about 26,000 sqkm (16,150 sq Miles). Rio Muni, which is the mainland territory of Equatorial Guinea lies at 1o01’ and 2o21’N. The eastern borderline of Rio Muni lies approximately on longitude 11o20E. This territory is bordered by Gabon on the south and east, Cameroon on the north, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Islands of Corisco (14 sq. km), Belobi, Mbane, Conga, Cocotiers, and Elobey (2 sq. km) are all within the territorial area of Rio Muni. Bioko Bioko, formally Fernando Po, is the largest of the series of islands that constitute part of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko is rectangular in shape and lies at 3° 30' 0 N and 8° 41' 60 E. The island lies 32 km from Mount Cameroon. -
Country Coding Units
INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) . -
Río Muni En El Contexto De La I Guerra Mundial
HISPANIA NOVA Revista de Historia Contemporánea http://e-revistas.uc3m.es/index.php/HISPNOV SEPARATA Nº 12 - Año 2014 E-mail: [email protected] © HISPANIANOVA ISSN: 1138-7319 - Depósito legal: M-9472-1998 Se podrá disponer libremente de los artículos y otros materiales contenidos en la revista solamente en el caso de que se usen con propósito educativo o científico y siempre y cuando sean citados correctamente. Queda expresamente penado por la ley cualquier aprovechamiento comercial. HISPANIA NOVA. Revista de Historia Contemporánea. Número 12 (2014) ARTÍCULOS RÍO MUNI EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA I GUERRA MUNDIAL RIO MUNI IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD WAR I MIQUEL VILARÓ I GÜELL Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona HISPANIA NOVA. Revista de Historia Contemporánea. Número 12 (2014) HISPANIA NOVA Revista de Historia Contemporánea Miquel VILARÓ i GÜELL RÍO MUNI EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA I GUERRA MUNDIAL RIO MUNI IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD WAR I Fecha recepción: 16-11-2013 - Fecha evaluación: 23-02-2014 RESUMEN La ocupación efectiva de los territorios de Río Muni durante el segundo mandato de Ángel Barrera (1910-1924) coincidió en el contexto internacional con el inicio de las tensiones entre las potencias europeas que llevaría a la Primera Guerra Mundial. La localización de las posesiones españolas en una parte esencial del espacio fronterizo que separaba la colonia alemana de Camerún y la francesa de Gabón, condicionó la política colonial española de manera significativa, especialmente tras el acuerdo franco alemán que propició la creación de Neukamerun (Nuevo Camerún) en noviembre de 1911. Durante la Guerra, a la necesidad de sojuzgar un territorio rebelde y escasamente conocido se sumó un difícil ejercicio de forzada neutralidad. -
Mesures Quarantenaires Certificats De Vaccination Exigés Quarantine Measures Vaccination Certificate Requirements
Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire Weekly Epidemiological Record N" 7, 1957, Supp. 1 MESURES QUARANTENAIRES ET CERTIFICATS DE VACCINATION EXIGÉS Situation au 15 février 1957 QUARANTINE MEASURES AND VACCINATION CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS Situation as on 15 February 1957 SOMMAIRE CONTENTS Page Relevé montrant la position des Etats et Statement showing position of States and territoires quant au Règlement sanitaire territories under the International Sanitary international. 2 Regulations. Mesures quarantenaires et certificats de Quarantine measures and vaccination cer vaccination exigés. 5 tificate requirements. Réserves au Règlement sanitaire interna Reservations to the International Sanitary tional. 31 Regulations. Index. 40 Index. Les renseignements du présent Supplément rem The information given in this Supplement replaces placent ceux publiés antérieurement that published m previous issues. ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PALAIS DES NATIONS GENÈVE Prix: Fr. s. 3.— Pnce: S/- S1.00 — 2 — RELEVÉ MONTRANT LA POSITION DES ÉTATS ET TERRITOIRES QUANT AU RÈGLEMENT SANITAIRE INTERNATIONAL au 15 février 1957 i n m IV i m IV Aden, Colonie .... + + Guatemala ... + Aden, Protectorat . + + Guinée espagnole + Afghanistan + + Guinée portugaise - - Afhque-Equatoriale française 4 4 Guyane britannique .. Afnque-Occidentale espagnole 4- 4- Haïti 4 -j- Afrique-Occidentale française + Honduras 4 - -L Albanie + + Honduras britannique 4 Allemagne, Rép féd d’ . + Hong-Kong Angola. + + + Hongrie . Antilles néerlandaises . 4 + + I1k sous le V e n t ..................... + + 4 Arabie Saoudite + 4 Iles Vierges britanniques 4 4- 4 - Argentine . + 4- + + Iles Vierges des Etats-Unis. + 4- 4- Australie Inde . t R 4- 4 - Autriche + + Inde portugaise .... + 4- 4- B aham as.............................. + _L Indonésie + + 4- + Bahreïn . + JL I r a k . + Barbade 4" 4* Iran . -
9. 地圖資料代碼*(適用於欄號 131) Cartographic Materials Codes 131
地圖資料代碼 9. 地圖資料代碼*(適用於欄號 131) Cartographic Materials Codes 131$a: 球形體 (Spheroid Codes) aa = Airy (1830) al = Everest (Malaya) ba = Svanberg ab = Australian National am = Everest (Borneo) bb = Zhylinskiy ("Adjustment (1966) an = Helmert 1906 Spheroid") ac = Bessel 1841 ao = Hayford 1909 (and 1910) bc = Walbeck ad = Clarke 1858 International 1924 see bd = War Office (McCaw) ae = Clarke 1866 Hayford (ao) 1924 af = Clarke 1880 ap = Kragenhoff be = World Geodetic System ag = Clarke 1880 (Modified) aq = Krasovskiy 1848 (1972-) ah = Clarke 1880 (Palestine) ar = Müffling 1821 uu = unknown spheroid ai = Danish (Andreae) as = S.E. Asia ("Fischer 155") zz = other known spheroid of aj = Delambre (Carte de at = Struve construction of the map France) ak = Everest (1830) ________________________________________________________________________________ * 一、本地圖資料代碼表取自 UNIMARC Manual : Bibliographic Format 1994 APPENDIX F : Cartographic Materials Codes. (http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/p1996-1/appx-f.htm) 二、本代碼表係援用 UKMARC (1986)。 126 地圖資料代碼 131$b: 水平基準面 (Horizontal Datum Codes) Note: See also sequence of non specific horizontal datums starting at taa aaa = Abidjan, Ivory Coast bgk = Kili Island Observation Spot, Kili aab = Abra Pampa, Argentina Island, Marshall Islands aac = Abrolhos Lighthouse, Brazil bgl = Kloster Ivaniæ, Yugoslavia aad = Abut Head (Okarito Meridional Circuit) bgm = Kobukutei, Pescadores South Island, New Zealand bgn = Koepang, Timor, Indonesia aae = Accra, Leigon Pillar (GCS No. 121), bgo = Koh-I-Malik Siah, Pakistan Ghana bgp = Kogo, Rio Muni, -
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4. -
Dept. of State, 1910
National Archives and Records Administration 8601 Adelphi Road College Park, Maryland 20740-6001 DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1910-1963 Central Decimal File Country Numbers Country Country Country Country Notes Number Number Number 1910-1949 1950-1959 1960-1963 Abaco Island 44e 41f 41e Abdul Quiri 46a 46c 46c Island Abyssinia 84 75 75 Discontinued 1936. Restored 1942. Acklin Island 44e 41f 41f Adaels 51v 51v 51v Aden (colony and 46a 46c 46c protectorate) Adrar 52c 52c 52c Afghanistan 90h 89 89 Africa 80 70 70 Aland Islands 60d 60e 60e Also see "Scandinavia." Alaska 11h Discontinued 1959. See 11. Albania 75 67 67 Alberta 42g Generally not used. See 42. Algeria 51r 51s 51s Alhucemas 52f 52f 52f America. Pan- 10 America American Samoa 11e 11e 11e Amhara 65d 77 Beginning 1936. For prior years see 65a, 65b, and 84. Discontinued 1960. See 75. Amsterdam 51x 51x 51x Island Andaman Islands 45a 46a 46a Andorra 50c 50c 50c Andros Island 44e 41f 41f Anglo-Egyptian 48z 45w Prior to May 1938, see 83. Sudan Angola 53m 53n 53n Anguilla 44k 41k Discontinued January 1958. See 41j. Annam 51g 51g 51g Annobon 52e 52e 52e Antarctic 02 02 Antigua 44k 41k Discontinued January 1958. See 41j. Country Country Country Country Notes Number Number Number 1910-1949 1950-1959 1960-1963 Arab 86 86 League/Arab States Arabia 90b 86 86 Arctic 01 Discontinued 1955. See 03. Arctic 03 03 Beginning 1955. Argentine 35 35 35 Republic/ Argentina Armenia 60j Discontinued. See 61. Aruba 56b 56b 56b Ascension Island 49f 47f 47f Asia 90 90 90 Austral Islands 51n 51p 51p Australasia and 51y Established 1960. -
“Manna from Heaven”? RIGHTS How Health and Education Pay the Price for Self-Dealing WATCH in Equatorial Guinea
HUMAN “Manna From Heaven”? RIGHTS How Health and Education Pay the Price for Self-Dealing WATCH in Equatorial Guinea “Manna From Heaven”? How Health and Education Pay the Price for Self-Dealing in Equatorial Guinea Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-34815 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-34815 “Manna From Heaven”? How Health and Education Pay the Price for Self-Dealing in Equatorial Guinea Map .................................................................................................................................... I Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Neglecting the Right to Health .................................................................................................. -
Tomo CXLVI – 2010
Tomo CXLVI · 2010 · ISSN: 0210-8577 BOLETÍN DE LA REAL SOCIEDAD GEOGRÁFICA Tomo CXLVI 2010 Fundada en 1876 BOLETÍN DE LA REAL SOCIEDAD GEOGRÁFICA (2010) TOMO CXLVI http://www.realsociedadgeografica.com BOLETÍN de la Real Sociedad Geográfica Tomo CXLVI enero - diciembre 2010 Madrid (España) ISSN: 0210-8577 Redacción, Suscripción y Venta Real Sociedad Geográfica C/ Monte Esquinza, 41 - 28010 Madrid Tf. : 91 308 24 77 - Fax: 91 308 24 78 e-mail: [email protected] El Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica es el instrumento con el que ésta enti- dad cumple los objetivos que tiene definidos es sus estatutos: promover el conoci- miento geográfico en todos sus aspectos, prestando especial atención a aquellos temas en los que la sociedad demuestra mayor interés. El Boletín se edita anualmente y en él se encuentran presentes desde su aparición en 1876, las firmas de geógrafos, historia- dores, economistas y científicos de las diferentes áreas de mayor relevancia dentro de la Ciencia Geográfica y Ciencias afines. Sus páginas recogen artículos de inve stigación, noticias y comentarios, reseñas bibliográficas, así como la memoria anual de las actividades de la RSG. The Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica is the tool that this entity uses to ful- fill the objects its by-laws has defined: promotion of geographical knowledge in all its aspects, and paying a special attention to those issues on which Society is most inte- rested. The Boletín comes out once a year and, since its first issue in 1876, the most relevant geographers, historians, economists and other scientists in Geography and similar Sciences have been published in it.