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Literary Africa: Spanish Reflections of Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea in the Contemporary Novel, 1990-2010

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Literary Africa: Spanish Reflections of Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea in the Contemporary Novel, 1990-2010 University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2012 Literary Africa: Spanish Reflections of Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea in the Contemporary Novel, 1990-2010 Mahan L. Ellison University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ellison, Mahan L., "Literary Africa: Spanish Reflections of Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea in the Contemporary Novel, 1990-2010" (2012). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 7. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/7 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s dissertation including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Mahan L. Ellison, Student Dr. Ana Rueda, Major Professor Dr. Susan Larson, Director of Graduate Studies LITERARY AFRICA: SPANISH REFLECTIONS OF MOROCCO, WESTERN SAHARA, AND EQUATORIAL GUINEA IN THE CONTEMPORARY NOVEL, 1990-2010 ________________________________________ DISSERTATION ________________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Mahan L. Ellison Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Ana Rueda, Professor of Peninsular Spanish Literature Lexington, Kentucky 2012 Copyright © Mahan L. Ellison 2012 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION LITERARY AFRICA: SPANISH REFLECTIONS OF MOROCCO, WESTERN SAHARA, AND EQUATORIAL GUINEA IN THE CONTEMPORARY NOVEL, 1990-2010 This dissertation analyzes the strategies that Spanish and Hispano-African authors employ when writing about Africa in the contemporary novel (1990-2010). Focusing on the former Spanish colonial territories of Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea, I analyze the post-colonial literary discourse about these regions. This study examines the new ways of conceptualizing Africa that depart from an Orientalist framework as advanced by the novelists Lorenzo Silva, Concha López Sarasúa, Ramón Mayrata, María Dueñas, Fernando Gamboa, Montserrat Abumalham, Javier Reverte, Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa, and Donato Ndongo. Their works are representative of a recent trend in Spanish letters that signals a literary focus on Africa and the African Other. I examine these contemporary novels within their historical context, specifically engaging with the theoretical ideas of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), to determine to what extent his analysis of Orientalist discourse still holds value for a study of the Spanish novel of thirty years later. In addition, the work of theorists such as Gil Anidjar, Emmanuel Levinas, James C. Scott, Ryszard Kapuściński, Georges Van den Abbeele and Chandra Mohanty contribute to the analyses of specific works. These theorists provide a theoretical framework for my thesis that contemporary Spanish authors are writing Africa in ways that undermine and circumvent the legacy of Orientalist discourse. I seek to highlight the innovative approaches that these authors are taking towards their literary engagement with Africa. The imaginary that pertains to Africa has served an integral role in the history and creation of modern Spain, and it is illuminating to trace the influences that it continues to exert on Spanish writers. In the last thirty years, Spain’s relationship with Africa has dramatically changed through peace treaties, the independence of nations, migratory patterns, tourism, and in other substantial ways. Within this dissertation, I address these changes by focusing on literary representations of political engagement, gender issues, and travel to highlight how Africa is represented in light of these recent developments. As Spanish authors continue to engage with and to write about Africa, this study hopes to show that Orientalism is no longer a prevalent discourse in the contemporary Spanish novel. KEYWORDS: Africa, Spain, Orientalism, Otherness, Fiction LITERARY AFRICA: SPANISH REFLECTIONS OF MOROCCO, WESTERN SAHARA, AND EQUATORIAL GUINEA IN THE CONTEMPORARY NOVEL, 1990-2010 By Mahan L. Ellison _Dr. Ana Rueda____________________ Director of Dissertation _Dr. Susan Larson__________________ Director of Graduate Studies _12 August, 2012___________________ (Date) Copyright © Mahan L. Ellison 2012 To Ashley. Thank you for believing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following dissertation would not have been possible without the insight and direction of several people. First and foremost, my Dissertation Chair, Dr. Ana Rueda, has provided support, advice, and guidance at each stage of the research and writing process; her example has inspired me to be a better academic and person. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my Dissertation Committee and outside examiner, respectively: Dr. Susan Larson, Dr. Susan Carvalho, Dr. Diane E. King, and Dr. Jacqueline Couti. They have supported my research, guided my writing, and challenged my thinking in ways that have improved and informed the final project represented here. I am grateful to the institutions that provided funding for my research. Specifically, the University of Kentucky Graduate School Dissertation Enhancement Award, the Sigma Delta Pi Graduate Research Grant, and the Program for Cultural Cooperation Between Spain’s Ministry of Culture and United States’ Universities each supported me financially as I traveled to Spain and Morocco in the Summer of 2011 to conduct archival research and interviews with authors. In addition, the American Institute of Maghrib Studies provided funding that allowed me to participate in their Dissertation Workshop. This offered me the opportunity to receive valuable insights from colleagues and scholars in other fields who also focus on Africa in their research. My wife, Ashley Dickson-Ellison, has been an understanding and sustaining companion throughout this process. She has read manuscripts, listened to ideas, offered suggestions, and patiently endured the stresses and frustrations of being married to a particularly obsessive graduate student. I owe my love for both Africa and literature to my parents, Bob and Janet Ellison, and I am thankful for the education that they gave me iii from the days of home schooling in Okuta, Nigeria to encouraging me to study in Spain while in college. There are also numerous individuals who have specifically contributed to my academic and professional development over the years. I thank Ron Friis at Furman University for his friendship and mentoring that has guided my professional development. Gloria Pajares González is directly responsible for my ability to speak and understand Spanish (especially andalú), and I can therefore forgive her for making up words when I didn’t know any better. Also, in addition to my Dissertation Committee, I am grateful for the support and examples of my professors at the University of Kentucky. My classes here have been stimulating, and I aspire to be as capable and effective in my teaching as they have modeled for me. Without a doubt, Brent Sebastian has been a friend and a source of information for all things bureaucratic, and Drs. Yanira Paz, Irene Chico, and Mark Lauersdorf have each helped me to be a more informed and capable educator. To the many friends, family, and colleagues that have accompanied me in this journey, I offer my most sincere gratitude. There are pieces of you in these pages. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Chapter One: Africa, The Fantasy of the Poets ...................................................................1 Chapter Two: The Vision of the Other: War, Diplomacy, and Decolonization ................29 I. The Enemy, the Other, and the Ties Between in Lorenzo Silva’s El nombre de los nuestros ............................................................................................................37
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