Dachau Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 48°16′08″N 11°28′07″E
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Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Dachau concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 48°16′08″N 11°28′07″E Dachau concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager (KZ) Dachau, IPA: [ˈdaxaʊ]) was the Navigation Dachau first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in Germany, intended to hold political prisoners. It is Main page located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory near the medieval town of Dachau, Concentration camp Contents about 16 km (9.9 mi) northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany.[1] Opened Featured content in 1933 by Heinrich Himmler, its purpose was enlarged to include forced labor, and eventually, the Current events imprisonment of Jews, ordinary German and Austrial criminals, and eventually foreign nationals Random article from countries which Germany occupied or invaded. It was finally liberated in 1945. Donate to Wikipedia In the postwar years it served to hold SS soldiers awaiting trial, after 1948, it held ethnic Germans who had been expelled from eastern Europe and were awaiting resettlement, and also was used for Interaction a time as a United States military base during the occupation. It was finally closed for use in 1960. Several memorials have been installed there, and the site is open for visitors. Help American troops guarding the main entrance to About Wikipedia Contents Dachau just after liberation, 1945 Community portal 1 History Recent changes 2 General overview Contact Wikipedia 3 Main camp 3.1 Purpose Toolbox 3.2 Organization 3.3 Demographics What links here 3.3.1 Staff Related changes 4 Satellite camps and sub-camps Upload file 5 Liberation Special pages 5.1 Main camp Permanent link 5.2 Satellite camps Page information 5.3 Killing of camp guards Data item 5.4 Post-liberation Easter Cite this page 6 After liberation 7 In popular culture Location of Dachau in Lower Bavaria Print/export 7.1 Onscreen 7.2 In music Create a book Coordinates 48°16′08″N 11°28′07″E 7.3 In theatre Download as PDF Location Upper Bavaria, Southern 8 The memorial site Printable version Germany 9 List of personnel Operated by German Schutzstaffel (SS), 9.1 Commanders U.S. Army (after World War II) Languages 9.2 Other staff 9.3 SS and civilian doctors Original use Political prison Aragonés 10 List of notable prisoners Operational 1933–1960 Az әrbaycanca 10.1 Clergy Inmates Poles, Jews, Russians, Български 10.1.1 Communists Ukrainians, French, Yugoslavs, Català 10.2 Jewish Czechs, Germans, Austrians, Česky 10.3 Politicians Lithuanians Dansk 10.4 Resistance fighters Killed 31,951 (reported) Deutsch 10.5 Royalty Liberated United States, 29 April 1945 Ελληνικά 10.6 Scientists by Español 10.7 Writers Website Dachau Concentration Camp ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ 10.8 Others Memorial Site Français 11 Gallery Galego 12 See also 한국어 13 References Hrvatski 14 Bibliography Bahasa Indonesia 15 External links Italiano עברית Къарачай-малкъар History [edit] ქართული Lietuvių After the takeover of Bavaria on 9 March, 1933, Heinrich Himmler, then Chief of Police in Munich, Lumbaart began to speak with the administration of an unused gunpowder and munitions factory. He toured the Magyar site to see if it could be used for quartering protective-custody prisoners. The Concentration Camp at Aerial photo of the camp Dachau was opened 22 March 1933, with the arrival of about 200 prisoners from Stadelheim Prison in मराठ [2] Nederlands Munich and the Landsberg fortress (where Hitler had written Mein Kampf during his imprisonment). 日本語 Himmler announced in the Münchner Neuesten Nachrichten newspaper that the camp could hold up [1] Norsk bokmål to 5,000 people, and described it as "the first concentration camp for political prisoners" to be used [3] Norsk nynorsk to restore calm to Germany. It became the first regular concentration camp established by the Polski coalition government of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) and the German Nationalist People's Português Party (dissolved on 6 July 1933). Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 1 / 12 Română The prisoners of Dachau concentration camp originally were to serve as forced labor for a munition Русский factory, and to expand the camp. It was used as a training center for SS guards and was a model for [4] Shqip other concentration camps The camp was about 990 feet wide and 1,980 feet long (300 × 600 m) in The main gate at Dachau, marked with Slovenčina rectangular shape. The camp entrance was secured by a large iron gate that had the inscription: the slogan, Arbeit macht frei Slovenščina “Arbeit macht frei” (“Work makes you free”). As of 1938, the procedure for new arrivals occurred at Српски / srpski the Schubraum, where prisoners were to hand over their clothing and possessions[5] Srpskohrvatski / The camp included an administration building that contained offices for the Gestapo trial commissioner, SS authorities, the camp leader and his српскохрватски deputies; administration offices that consisted of large storage rooms for the personal belongings of prisoners; the bunker; roll-call square where Suomi guards would also inflict punishment on prisoners, especially those who tried to escape; the canteen, where prisoners served SS men with Svenska cigarettes and food; the museum containing plaster images of prisoners who suffered from bodily defects; the camp office; the library; the தமி [6] ţğĂ barracks; and the infirmary, which was staffed by prisoners who had previously held occupations such as physicians or army surgeons. Türkçe After 1942, the number of prisoners regularly held at the camp continued to exceed 12,000.[7] Dachau originally held Communists, leading Українська Socialists and other “enemies of the state” in 1933, but over time the Nazis began to send German Jews to the camp. In the early years of Tiếng Việt imprisonment, Jews were offered permission to emigrate overseas if they “voluntarily” gave their property to enhance Hitler’s public treasury.[7] 中文 Once Austria was annexed and Czechoslovakia was defeated, the citizens of both countries became the next prisoners at Dachau. In 1940, Dachau became filled with Polish prisoners, who constituted the majority of the prisoner population until Dachau was officially liberated.[8] Edit links Prisoners were divided into categories. At first, they were classified by the nature of the crime for which they were accused, but eventually were classified by the specific authority-type under whose command a person was sent to camp.[9] Political prisoners who had been arrested by the Gestapo wore a red badge, "professional" criminals sent by the Criminal Courts wore a green badge, Cri-Po prisoners arrested by the criminal police wore a brown badge, "work-shy and asocial" people sent by the welfare authorities or the Gestapo wore a black badge, Jehovah’s Witnesses arrested by the Gestapo wore a violet badge, homosexuals sent by the criminal courts wore a pink badge, emigrants arrested by the Gestapo wore a blue badge, "race polluters" arrested by the criminal court or Gestapo wore badges with a black outline, second-termers arrested by the Gestapo wore a bar matching the color of their badge, "idiots" wore a white armband with the label Blöd (idiot), and Jews, whose incarceration in the Dachau concentration camp dramatically increased after Kristallnacht, wore a yellow badge, combined with another color. [10] The Dachau Concentration camp was heavily defended and secured to ensure that no prisoners escaped. A ten-foot-wide (3 m) area of ground called “the neutral zone” was around each camp building. This was to mark where prisoners were not to trespass. A four-foot-deep and eight- foot-broad (1.2 × 2.4 m) ditch lay behind the “neutral-zone.” The whole camp was surrounded by electrically charged barbed wire and a wall. On the west side of the wire was a deep canal filled with water, which was connected with the river Amper.[8] General overview [edit] Dachau served as a prototype and model for the other Nazi concentration camps that followed. Almost every community in Germany had members taken away to these camps. Newspapers continually reported "the removal of the enemies of the Reich to concentration camps." As early as 1935, a jingle went around: "Dear God, make me dumb, that I may not to Dachau come" ("Lieber Gott, mach mich dumm, damit ich nicht nach Dachau kumm").[11] The camp's layout and building plans were developed by Kommandant Theodor Eicke and were applied to all later camps. He had a separate secure camp near the command center, which consisted of living quarters, administration, and army camps. Eicke became the chief inspector for all concentration camps, responsible for organizing others according to his model.[12] The entrance gate to Dachau carries the phrase "Arbeit macht frei" (English translation: "Work makes free"). The camp was in use from 1933 to 1960, the first twelve years as an internment center of the Third Reich. From 1933 to 1938, the prisoners were mainly German nationals detained for political reasons. Subsequently, the camp was used for prisoners of all sorts, from every nation occupied by the forces of the Third Reich.[13] In the postwar years, the camp continued in use. From 1945 through 1948, the camp was used by the Allies as a prison for SS officers awaiting trial. After 1948, when hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans were expelled from eastern Europe, it held Germans from Czechoslovakia until they could be resettled. It also served as a military base for the United States, which maintained forces in the The camp commander gives a speech to country. It was closed in 1960. At the insistence of survivors, various memorials have been prisoners about to be released as part of a constructed and installed here.[14] pardoning action near Christmas 1933.