NewNew Urbanism:Urbanism: AnAn IntroductionIntroduction ThisThis presentationpresentation waswas developeddeveloped byby thethe NewNew UrbanismUrbanism DivisionDivision ofof thethe AmericanAmerican PlanningPlanning AssociationAssociation

AdditionalAdditional informationinformation providedprovided by:by: Smart Growth America Congress for the New Urbanism Hillsborough County Planning Commission, Tampa APAAPA HasHas aa SmartSmart GrowthGrowth ProjectProject ItIt respondsresponds toto thethe needneed toto reformreform planningplanning andand landland useuse toto makemake greatgreat communitiescommunities happen.happen. NewNew UrbanismUrbanism isis anan importantimportant componentcomponent ofof smartsmart growthgrowth thatthat promotespromotes alternativealternative housinghousing typestypes thatthat manymany peoplepeople prefer.prefer. SmartSmart GrowthGrowth MeansMeans MoreMore HomeHome ChoicesChoices DefinitionsDefinitions

„ SprawlSprawl isis anan excessivelyexcessively lowlow--densitydensity developmentdevelopment pattern,pattern, inin anan unplannedunplanned andand haphazardhaphazard fashion,fashion, requiringrequiring taxtax supportsupport fromfrom existingexisting communiticommunitieses toto extendextend streets,streets, utilities,utilities, services,services, aandnd communitycommunity facilitiesfacilities suchsuch asas schoolsschools toto undevelopedundeveloped land.land. „ SmartSmart growthgrowth isis wellwell--plannedplanned developmentdevelopment thatthat utilizesutilizes taxtax dollarsdollars effectivelyeffectively andand providesprovides moremore diversitydiversity forfor thethe community.community. TenTen PrinciplesPrinciples ofof SmartSmart GrowthGrowth

1.1. MixedMixed landland usesuses 2.2. CompactCompact buildingbuilding designdesign 3.3. AA rangerange ofof housinghousing opportunitiesopportunities andand choiceschoices 4.4. WalkableWalkable neighborhoodsneighborhoods 5.5. Distinctive,Distinctive, attractiveattractive communitiescommunities withwith aa strongstrong sensesense ofof placeplace 6.6. PreservationPreservation ofof openopen spaces,spaces, farmland,farmland, naturalnatural beauty,beauty, andand environmentalenvironmental areasareas

(Smart Growth America) TenTen PrinciplesPrinciples ofof SmartSmart GrowthGrowth

7.7. DevelopmentDevelopment directeddirected towardtoward existingexisting communitiescommunities 8.8. AA varietyvariety ofof transportationtransportation choiceschoices 9.9. Predictable,Predictable, fair,fair, andand costcost effectiveeffective developmentdevelopment 10.10. CommunityCommunity andand stakeholderstakeholder collaborationcollaboration inin developmentdevelopment decisionsdecisions

(Smart Growth America) WhatWhat SmartSmart GrowthGrowth “Is”“Is” AndAnd “Is“Is Not”Not”

„ IsIs moremore transportationtransportation „ IsIs notnot againstagainst carscars andand choiceschoices andand lessless traffictraffic roadsroads

„ IsIs vibrantvibrant cities,cities, „ IsIs notnot antianti--suburbansuburban suburbs,suburbs, andand townstowns developmentdevelopment

„ IsIs widerwider varietyvariety ofof „ IsIs notnot aboutabout tellingtelling housinghousing choiceschoices peoplepeople wherewhere oror howhow toto livelive

„ IsIs wellwell--plannedplanned growthgrowth „ IsIs notnot againstagainst growthgrowth thatthat improvesimproves qualityquality-- ofof--lifelife (Smart Growth America) SprawlSprawl vs.vs. SmartSmart GrowthGrowth

(Smart Growth America) HowHow SmartSmart GrowthGrowth WorksWorks BetterBetter

„ EconomyEconomy ResultsResults inin lowerlower publicpublic serviceservice andand transportationtransportation costscosts

„ EmploymentEmployment EnablesEnables betterbetter accessaccess toto jobsjobs andand lowerlower commutecommute timetime

„ EnvironmentEnvironment CausesCauses lessless airair andand waterwater pollution,pollution, andand destroysdestroys fewerfewer farmsfarms andand openopen spacespace

„ EquityEquity EncouragesEncourages moremore affordableaffordable housinghousing andand createscreates betterbetter choiceschoices inin transportationtransportation andand housinghousing

„ EngagementEngagement EncouragesEncourages participationparticipation inin civiccivic lifelife andand supportssupports healthierhealthier andand moremore activeactive residentsresidents ofof allall agesages

(Smart Growth America) NewNew UrbanismUrbanism

NewNew UrbanismUrbanism landland useuse patternspatterns supportsupport SmartSmart GrowthGrowth GivingGiving PhysicalPhysical ShapeShape toto CommunityCommunity

„ AcrossAcross NorthNorth America,America, andand aroundaround thethe world,world, anan urbanurban designdesign movementmovement calledcalled NewNew UrbanismUrbanism isis improvingimproving thethe wayway ourour citiescities andand townstowns areare built.built.

(Congress for the New Urbanism) (Congress for the New Urbanism) GivingGiving PhysicalPhysical ShapeShape toto CommunityCommunity

„ ConventionalConventional developmentsdevelopments areare large,large, singlesingle--useuse placesplaces hostilehostile toto pedestrians.pedestrians.

(Congress for the New Urbanism)

„ NewNew UrbanistUrbanist communitiescommunities areare walkablewalkable,, mixedmixed--useuse neighborhoods.neighborhoods.

(Congress for the New Urbanism) GivingGiving PhysicalPhysical ShapeShape toto CommunityCommunity

„ NewNew UrbanismUrbanism providesprovides aa rangerange ofof housinghousing choices,choices, fromfrom singlesingle--familyfamily homeshomes withwith yardsyards toto apartmentsapartments overover storefronts.storefronts. TheThe PrinciplesPrinciples ofof NewNew UrbanismUrbanism

„ TheThe principlesprinciples ofof NewNew UrbanismUrbanism areare applicableapplicable toto allall scalesscales ofof community:community:

z TheThe Region:Region: Metropolis,Metropolis, City,City, andand TownTown

z TheThe Neighborhood,Neighborhood, thethe District,District, andand thethe CorridorCorridor

z TheThe Block,Block, thethe StreStreet,et, andand thethe BuildingBuilding

(Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe NeighborhoodNeighborhood

ConventionalConventional NewNew UrbanistUrbanist z SetSet backback farfar fromfrom streetstreet z NearNear thethe streetstreet z AutomobileAutomobile--basedbased z PedestrianPedestrian--orientedoriented z GarageGarage inin frontfront z FrontFront porchesporches TheThe NeighborhoodNeighborhood

„ In New Urbanism, each neighborhood has a center

z The center should be a public space, whether a square, a green, or an important intersection.

z This is used as a public gathering place and as a landmark identifying the neighborhood. (Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe NeighborhoodNeighborhood

„ QuarterQuarter--milemile fromfrom centercenter toto edgeedge

z ForFor mostmost people,people, aa quarterquarter milemile isis aa fivefive-- minuteminute walk.walk.

z StoresStores andand services,services, schools,schools, houseshouses ofof worship,worship, andand recreationalrecreational areasareas shouldshould bebe locatedlocated inin

thisthis areaarea (Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe TownTown CenterCenter

„ Diverse,Diverse, walkablewalkable villagesvillages andand towntown centerscenters areare whatwhat distinguishdistinguish NewNew UrbanismUrbanism fromfrom otherother modernmodern developmentdevelopment styles.styles.

(Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe Block,Block, Street,Street, andand BuildingBuilding

„ SpreadSpread outout developmentdevelopment patternspatterns ofof mostmost postpost--warwar suburbssuburbs discouragediscourage walking.walking.

(Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe Block,Block, Street,Street, andand BuildingBuilding

„ NewNew UrbanistUrbanist streetsstreets areare comfortablecomfortable andand interestinginteresting placesplaces forfor peoplepeople toto walkwalk andand meet.meet.

z BuildingsBuildings openopen ontoonto sidewalks,sidewalks, ratherrather thanthan parkingparking lots.lots.

z WindowsWindows andand doorsdoors facingfacing thethe sidewalksidewalk makemake streetsstreets safer,safer, andand moremore interesting,interesting, forfor everyone.everyone.

(Congress for the New Urbanism) TheThe Block,Block, Street,Street, andand BuildingBuilding

Conventional „ ConventionalConventional versusversus NewNew UrbanistUrbanist streetstreet patternspatterns

z AmountAmount ofof traffictraffic onon arterialarterial

z NumberNumber ofof routeroute choiceschoices

z WalkabilityWalkability

New Urbanist

(Congress for the New Urbanism) ConventionalConventional GrowthGrowth

„ SuburbsSuburbs havehave notnot beenbeen immuneimmune toto decline.decline.

z AsAs places,places, theythey oftenoften engenderengender eveneven lessless loyaltyloyalty thanthan olderolder cities.cities.

z Today'sToday's suburbssuburbs cancan bebe asas impersonalimpersonal asas thethe graygray citiescities ofof thethe past.past.

z TrafficTraffic manymany timestimes provesproves worse.worse. AA SuburbanSuburban AlternativeAlternative

„ SuburbsSuburbs provideprovide fertilefertile groundground forfor thethe NewNew UrbanismUrbanism z InfillInfill projectsprojects

z HousingHousing redevelopmentredevelopment

z RetrofittingRetrofitting existingexisting commercialcommercial areasareas intointo towntown centerscenters (Congress for the New Urbanism) NewNew UrbanismUrbanism

TheThe ChallengeChallenge WhatWhat IssuesIssues NeedNeed toto BeBe Addressed?Addressed?

„ PedestrianPedestrian accessaccess

„ AutomobileAutomobile dependencedependence

„ MixtureMixture ofof buildingsbuildings andand usesuses PedestrianPedestrian AccessAccess

„ DevelopmentDevelopment withoutwithout pedestrianpedestrian amenitiesamenities doesdoes notnot encourageencourage walkingwalking

z LackLack ofof sidewalkssidewalks

z NarrowNarrow sidewalkssidewalks withwith nono protectionprotection fromfrom vehiclesvehicles

z NoNo connectionsconnections betweenbetween sidewalkssidewalks AutomobileAutomobile DependenceDependence

„ EvenEven publicpublic buildingsbuildings areare oftenoften accessibleaccessible onlyonly byby drivingdriving

z CommunityCommunity amenityamenity areasareas

z SchoolsSchools

z ChurchesChurches AutomobileAutomobile DependenceDependence

„ GarageGarage--dominateddominated designdesign makesmakes itit hardhard forfor residentsresidents toto keepkeep anan eyeeye onon thethe streetstreet AutomobileAutomobile DependenceDependence

EvenEven thethe mostmost attractiveattractive conventionalconventional suburbansuburban developmentsdevelopments requirerequire drivingdriving toto communitycommunity facilitiesfacilities AutomobileAutomobile DependenceDependence

„ OverlyOverly widewide streetsstreets

z ExpensiveExpensive toto buildbuild andand maintainmaintain

z EncourageEncourage speedingspeeding

z DangerousDangerous forfor childrenchildren andand pedestrianspedestrians NewNew UrbanismUrbanism

CaseCase StudiesStudies EarlyEarly ExamplesExamples

„ TheThe firstfirst NewNew UrbanistUrbanist developmentdevelopment toto bebe builtbuilt fromfrom thethe groundground upup waswas Seaside,Seaside, onon thethe FloridaFlorida coast.coast.

(Congress for the New Urbanism)

(Congress for the New Urbanism) EarlyEarly ExamplesExamples ---- SeasideSeaside EarlyEarly EffortsEfforts

„ BetweenBetween 19851985 andand 1993,1993, severalseveral moremore highhigh--profileprofile projectsprojects werewere undertakenundertaken inin America’sAmerica’s fastfast--growinggrowing suburbs.suburbs. Laguna West (CNU)

z LagunaLaguna West,West, CaliforniaCalifornia

z KentlandsKentlands,, MarylandMaryland

Kentlands HowHow DoesDoes itit ReallyReally Work?Work?

Celebration,Celebration, FloridaFlorida CaseCase StudyStudy 1.1. Celebration,Celebration, FloridaFlorida

„ OneOne ofof thethe largestlargest andand mostmost visiblevisible NewNew UrbanistUrbanist communitiescommunities inin thethe countrycountry

„ DesignDesign embodiesembodies NewNew UrbanistUrbanist principlesprinciples

„ CommunityCommunity designdesign hashas significantsignificant effecteffect onon behaviorbehavior ArchitecturalArchitectural VarietyVariety

„ SingleSingle--familyfamily homeshomes cancan taketake onon aa varietyvariety ofof architecturalarchitectural stylesstyles toto provideprovide anan interestinginteresting communitycommunity environmentenvironment

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) SetbacksSetbacks

„ ReducedReduced frontfront andand sideside setbackssetbacks fosterfoster interactioninteraction amongamong pedestrianspedestrians andand residentsresidents

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) AlleywaysAlleyways

„ Attractive,Attractive, wellwell litlit alleywaysalleyways becomebecome alternativealternative pathwayspathways forfor manymany purposespurposes

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) EfficientEfficient UseUse ofof AmenitiesAmenities

„ UseUse ofof retentionretention pondsponds asas recreationalrecreational amenityamenity promotespromotes communitycommunity involvementinvolvement

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PedestrianPedestrian--ScaledScaled StreetsStreets

„ HumanHuman scalescale toto streetsstreets sometimessometimes usingusing aa oneone wayway designdesign allowsallows forfor narrowernarrower streetsstreets andand slowerslower traffictraffic

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) IntegratedIntegrated HousingHousing TypesTypes

„ AA creativecreative mixturemixture ofof duplexesduplexes withwith singlesingle-- familyfamily housinghousing providesprovides manymany opportunitiesopportunities inin thethe samesame neighborhoodneighborhood

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) IntegratedIntegrated HousingHousing TypesTypes

„ ApartmentsApartments integratedintegrated intointo thethe communitycommunity enableenable peoplepeople toto staystay inin thethe communitycommunity whenwhen theirtheir lifestylelifestyle changeschanges

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PathsPaths andand TrailsTrails

„ AlternativeAlternative pathwayspathways provideprovide aa varietyvariety ofof interestinginteresting waysways ofof gettinggetting aroundaround

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) AttractiveAttractive InfrastructureInfrastructure

„ AttractiveAttractive physicalphysical infrastructureinfrastructure notnot onlyonly servesserves itsits mainmain purpose,purpose, butbut actuallyactually becomesbecomes anan assetasset toto thethe overalloverall appearanceappearance ofof thethe communitycommunity

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) SchoolSchool

„ TheThe schoolschool asas thethe centercenter ofof communitycommunity lifelife cancan enhanceenhance communitycommunity interactioninteraction

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PublicPublic RecreationRecreation

„ RecreationRecreation rightright inin TownTown CenterCenter bringsbrings childrenchildren intointo thethe communitycommunity

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) HiddenHidden ParkingParking LotsLots

„ RearRear parkingparking lotslots areare notnot visiblevisible fromfrom pedestrianpedestrian-- orientedoriented streetstreet frontfront keepingkeeping anan attractiveattractive streetscapestreetscape forfor walkingwalking

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PublicPublic SquaresSquares

„ PedestrianPedestrian squaressquares throughoutthroughout communitycommunity provideprovide placesplaces toto meetmeet neighborsneighbors

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PedestrianPedestrian AmenitiesAmenities

„ ShadedShaded pedestrianpedestrian sidewalkssidewalks enhanceenhance thethe qualityquality andand opportunityopportunity forfor walkingwalking

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) ParkingParking

„ InterconnectionInterconnection betweenbetween pedestrianpedestrian andand hiddenhidden parkingparking complementscomplements bothboth functionsfunctions

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PedestrianPedestrian StorefrontsStorefronts

„ PedestrianPedestrian--orientedoriented storefrontsstorefronts provideprovide anan attractiveattractive streetscapestreetscape

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) PublicPublic InteractionInteraction

„ PrivatePrivate andand publicpublic realmrealm blendingblending provideprovide opportunitiesopportunities forfor communitycommunity buildingbuilding

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) FocalFocal PointsPoints

„ RestaurantRestaurant andand residentialresidential mixedmixed togethertogether createscreates aa focalfocal pointpoint inin thethe towntown centercenter forfor peoplepeople toto gathergather

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) MixedMixed UsesUses

„ ResidentialResidential andand TownTown MarketMarket inin oneone buildingbuilding createscreates aa complementarycomplementary mixturemixture ofof usesuses

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) HowHow DoesDoes itit ReallyReally WorkWork ??

„ WhatWhat residentsresidents saidsaid aboutabout CelebrationCelebration

z CelebrationCelebration ACTACT ProgramProgram

z ReportReport toto thethe Community,Community, Stakeholders,Stakeholders, andand FoundersFounders z January,January, 20002000

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) CommunityCommunity SurveySurvey

„ HowHow muchmuch wouldwould youyou saysay youyou agreeagree oror disagreedisagree thatthat Celebration’sCelebration’s physicalphysical characteristicscharacteristics promotepromote youryour family’sfamily’s involvementinvolvement inin thethe community?community? (245 answers)

75%

70.6% 50% 70.670.6

25% 25.725.7%25.7 0 Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) CommunityCommunity SurveySurvey

„ HowHow muchmuch wouldwould youyou saysay youyou agreeagree oror disagreedisagree thatthat Celebration’sCelebration’s physicalphysical charactecharacteristicsristics contributecontribute toto andand improveimprove youryour qualityquality ofof life?life? (245 answers) 60%

50%

40% 59.6%59.659.6 30%

20% 30.2% 30.230.2 10%

0 Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) CommunityCommunity SurveySurvey

„ ThereThere isis someonesomeone inin CelebrationCelebration outsideoutside ofof mymy immediateimmediate familyfamily whowho II cancan countcount onon whenwhen II havehave aa problem.problem. (249 answers)

90%

60% 70.6%76.376.3

30%

25.7%20.920.9 0 Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) CommunityCommunity SurveySurvey

„ SinceSince movingmoving toto Celebration,Celebration, dodo youyou useuse youryour carcar more,more, lessless oror aboutabout thethe samesame asas inin youryour previousprevious community?community? (250 answers) 75%

50% 62.8%

25% 29.2% 8.0% 0 8.0 More Less Same

(Hillsborough County Planning Commission) HowHow DoesDoes itit ReallyReally Work?Work?

WestWest ParkPark Village,Village, TampaTampa CaseCase StudyStudy 2.2. WestWest ParkPark VillageVillage

„ PartPart ofof WestchaseWestchase DevelopmentDevelopment inin TampaTampa

„ NewNew UrbanistUrbanist communitycommunity partpart ofof conventionalconventional plannedplanned developmentdevelopment

z BuiltBuilt asas finalfinal 200200 acreacre sectionsection ofof existingexisting conventionalconventional subdivisionsubdivision TownTown CenterCenter

„ TownTown CenterCenter ProvidesProvides PlacePlace toto MeetMeet TownTown CenterCenter

„ VerticallyVertically mixedmixed TownTown CenterCenter bringsbrings residentsresidents andand retailretail closeclose togethertogether IntegratedIntegrated HousingHousing TypesTypes

„ AA mixmix ofof housinghousing typestypes areare integratedintegrated intointo aa singlesingle neighborhoodneighborhood bringingbringing aboutabout aa greatergreater mixmix andand diversitydiversity ofof residentsresidents FrontFront PorchesPorches

„ SingleSingle FamilyFamily withwith porchesporches encourageencourage “eyes”“eyes” onon thethe street,street, makingmaking residentsresidents feelfeel safersafer whenwhen walkingwalking ArchitecturalArchitectural CompatibilityCompatibility

„ TheThe architecturalarchitectural streetscapestreetscape createscreates aa compatiblecompatible environmentenvironment toto mixmix otherother housinghousing typestypes withwith singlesingle familyfamily IntegratedIntegrated HousingHousing TypesTypes

„ ResidentialResidential apartmentsapartments atat 3030 unitsunits perper acreacre areare mademade compatiblecompatible byby designdesign withwith adjacentadjacent neighborhoodsneighborhoods IntegratedIntegrated HousingHousing TypesTypes

„ AccessoryAccessory apartmentsapartments overover thethe garagegarage provideprovide opportunitiesopportunities forfor multimulti--generationalgenerational familiesfamilies MediaMedia CoverageCoverage

„ TheThe mediamedia isis beginningbeginning toto noticenotice withwith manymany articlesarticles beingbeing writtenwritten aboutabout NewNew UrbanistUrbanist communitiescommunities PublicPublic ParksParks

„ AmpleAmple parksparks complementcomplement privateprivate yardsyards FrontFront PorchesPorches

„ HomesHomes withwith porchesporches fosterfoster pedestrianpedestrian activityactivity PedestrianPedestrian ActivityActivity

„ PedestrianPedestrian activityactivity buildsbuilds aa sensesense ofof communitycommunity inin thethe neighborhoodneighborhood NewNew UrbanismUrbanism TheThe BiggerBigger PicturePicture

OtherOther ApplicationsApplications ofof thethe PrinciplesPrinciples ofof NewNew UrbanismUrbanism PrinciplesPrinciples

„ NewNew UrbanistUrbanist principlesprinciples areare notnot onlyonly forfor upup--scalescale developmentdevelopment

z CostCost--effectiveeffective

z EconomicalEconomical amenitiesamenities PrinciplesPrinciples

„ NewNew UrbanistUrbanist conceptsconcepts suchsuch asas rearrear parkingparking cancan modifymodify conventionalconventional suburbansuburban developmentdevelopment PrinciplesPrinciples

„ RearRear parkingparking conceptsconcepts inin urbanurban redevelopmentredevelopment projectsprojects cancan openopen upup existingexisting streetsstreets toto pedestrianspedestrians HousingHousing

„ TheThe NewNew UrbanistUrbanist modelmodel isis idealideal forfor entryentry--levellevel homeshomes

z SmallerSmaller sizesize

z SenseSense ofof communitycommunity APA’sAPA’s GrowingGrowing SmartSmart projectproject

„ 77--yearyear projectproject toto developdevelop modelmodel statestate statutesstatutes governinggoverning planningplanning

z KeyKey product:product: LegislativeLegislative GuidebookGuidebook availableavailable forfor freefree fromfrom www.planning.orgwww.planning.org

z ContainsContains modelmodel legislatlegislationion andand practicalpractical toolstools forfor redevelopment,redevelopment, aaffordableffordable housing,housing, andand farmlandfarmland preservationpreservation

z ProvidesProvides modelmodel legislationlegislation enablingenabling locallocal governmentsgovernments toto enactenact aa detaileddetailed traditionaltraditional neighborhoodneighborhood devedevelopmentlopment ordinanceordinance SummarySummary NewNew Urbanism:Urbanism: AnAn IntroductionIntroduction ThisThis presentationpresentation waswas developeddeveloped byby thethe NewNew UrbanismUrbanism DivisionDivision ofof thethe AmericanAmerican PlanningPlanning AssociationAssociation

AdditionalAdditional informationinformation providedprovided by:by: Smart Growth America Congress for the New Urbanism Hillsborough County Planning Commission, Tampa