4-33 2) 現地調査 図 4-1-10 主要な断層及びリニアメント
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Frontiers in Zoology Biomed Central
Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Research Open Access Does the DNA barcoding gap exist? – a case study in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Martin Wiemers* and Konrad Fiedler Address: Department of Population Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria Email: Martin Wiemers* - [email protected]; Konrad Fiedler - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 7 March 2007 Received: 1 December 2006 Accepted: 7 March 2007 Frontiers in Zoology 2007, 4:8 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-4-8 This article is available from: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/4/1/8 © 2007 Wiemers and Fiedler; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: DNA barcoding, i.e. the use of a 648 bp section of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, has recently been promoted as useful for the rapid identification and discovery of species. Its success is dependent either on the strength of the claim that interspecific variation exceeds intraspecific variation by one order of magnitude, thus establishing a "barcoding gap", or on the reciprocal monophyly of species. Results: We present an analysis of intra- and interspecific variation in the butterfly family Lycaenidae which includes a well-sampled clade (genus Agrodiaetus) with a peculiar characteristic: most of its members are karyologically differentiated from each other which facilitates the recognition of species as reproductively isolated units even in allopatric populations. -
List of Previous Grant Projects
Toyota Environmental Activities Grant Program 2019 Recipients Grant Catego Theme Project Description Organization Country ry "Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex: Future Conference of Earth Creation Project Through Local Knowledge Environment from Thailand and Traditional Knowledge" for Sustainable Akita Environmental Innovation Japan International Orangutan Conservation Activity in Forestry Promotion Collaboration with the Government and Indonesia and Cooperation Residents in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Center Environmental Conservation Activity Through the Production Support of Organic Fertilizers from Palm Oil Waste and the Agricultural Kopernik Japan Indonesia Education for Farmers to Receive the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) Certification in Indonesia Biodiversi Nippon Practical Environmental Education Project in ty International Collaboration with Children, Women, and the Cooperation for India Government in a Rural Village in Bodh Gaya, Community India Development Star Anise Peace Project Project -Widespread Adoption of Agroforestry with a Barefoot Doctors Myanmar Overse Focus on Star Anise in the Ethnic Minority Group as Regions in Myanmar- Sustainable Management of the Mangrove Forest in Uto Village, Myanmar, as well as Ramsar Center Share Their Experiences to Nearby Villages Myanmar Japan and Conduct Environmental Awareness Activities for Young Generations Patagonian Programme: Restoring Habitats Aves Argentinas Argentina for Endemic Wildlife Conservation Beautiful Forest Creation Activity at the Preah Pride of Asia: Preah -
Photonic Crystal Structure of Wing Scales in Sasakia Charonda Butterflies
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 2 (2010) pp. 202 to 208 Special Issue on Development and Fabrication of Advanced Materials Assisted by Nanotechnology and Microanalysis #2010 The Japan Institute of Metals Photonic Crystal Structure of Wing Scales in Sasakia Charonda Butterflies Jirˇina Mateˇjkova´-Plsˇkova´1, Dalibor Jancˇik1, Miroslav Masˇla´nˇ1, Satoshi Shiojiri2 and Makoto Shiojiri3;* 1Centre for Nanomaterial Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Matsubara Junior High-school, Kyoto 604-8812, Japan 3Professor Emeritus of Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1-297 Wakiyama, Kyoto 618-0091, Japan The hindwings of the male Sasakia charonda charonda butterflies comprise iridescent purple-blue areas, iridescent white-pearl areas, yellow spots and red spots as well as brown background. We have examined the microstructure of their scales by scanning electron microscopy, for applying their photonic crystal structures to fine light manipulators such as reflection elements in laser diodes. The scales in the yellow spots, red spots and brown background have almost the same structure, which is an optical diffraction grating made of ridges with two cuticle layers. Their difference comes from the contained pigments. The scales in the iridescent purple-blue and white-pearl are also the same in structure. They have seven tilted cuticle layers lapped on the ridges, which also constitute a grating. The widths of the ridge and groove in the grating are different between scales of the two kinds. It is shown that the vivid iridescence is mainly attributed to multiple interferences caused between rays reflected from the seven cuticle layers with air gaps. -
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Advances in Biological Sciences Research (ABSR), volume 4 2nd International Conference on Biomedical and Biological Engineering 2017 (BBE 2017) Ultrastructure and Self-cleaning Function of Moth (Notodontidae) and Butterfly (Lycaenidae) Wings Yan FANG, Gang SUN*, Jing-shi YIN, Wan-xing WANG and Yu-qian WANG School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China *Corresponding author Keywords: Ultrastructure, Self-cleaning, Wettability, Moth, Butterfly, Biomaterial. Abstract. The microstructure, hydrophobicity, adhesion and chemical composition of the butterfly and moth wing surfaces were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a contact angle meter, and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). Using ground calcium carbonate (heavy CaCO3 ) as contaminating particle, the self-cleaning performance of the wing surface was evaluated. The wing surfaces, composed of naturally hydrophobic material (chitin, protein, fat, etc.), possess complicated hierarchical micro/nano structures. According to the large contact angle (CA, 148.3~156.2° for butterfly, 150.4~154.7° for moth) and small sliding angle (SA, 1~3° for butterfly, 1~4° for moth), the wing surface is of low adhesion and superhydrophobicity. The removal rate of contaminating particle from the wing surface is averagely 88.0% (butterfly wing) and 87.7% (moth wing). There is a good positive correlation ( R 2 =0.8385 for butterfly, 0.8155 for moth) between particle removal rate and roughness index of the wing surface. The coupling effect of material element and structural element contributes to the outstanding superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning performance of the wing surface. The wings of flying insect can be potentially used as templates for biomimetic preparation of biomedical interfacial material with multi-functions. -
Analysis of Biodiversity Offset for Road Projects in Japan
Analysis of Biodiversity Offset for Road Projects in Japan Hideyuki ITO Jun NISHIJIMA Department of Transportation Systems Department of Transportation Systems Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Japan Technology, Nihon University, Japan Takahiro FUJII Makoto Ooba Department of Transportation Systems Center for Social and Environmental Systems Engineering, College of Science and Research, Technology, Nihon University, Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan Kiichiro HAYASHI EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Japan Abstract: In Japan, Environmental Impact Assessment Law was enforced in 1999. This law required developers to consider how to avoid, reduce, and compensate the adverse impacts on natural environment under the purview of mitigation hierarchy. However, whether biodiversity offset projects are implemented or not depends on developers. In addition, various biodiversity offset projects have been conducted by developers through trial and error because the assessment and planning method of biodiversity offset has not been established in Japan. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the current situation regarding biodiversity offset projects focusing on road projects that was applied Environmental Impact Assessment Law all over Japan from various viewpoints such as maintenance, monitoring, cost, and public involvement as well as the planning methods of biodiversity offset projects. The analysis was performed through a questionnaire administered to developers and field surveys were conducted at some offset sites. The reason why authors focused on road projects is because there are many biodiversity offset cases among development projects. Consequently, this research could clarify the recent implementation method of biodiversity offset projects for road projects and highlights the issues and future tasks. -
The Kiryu Nature Sanctuary
TTTheThehehe K Kiryuiryu N Natureature S Sanctuaryanctuary (kiryu shizen kansatsu no mori) This area was designated as a nature sanctuary by the National Environment Agency in 1985 and was opened to the public in 1990. The sanctuary is located 6 km from downtown Kiryu in the Kawauchi 2 chome district. The sanctuary is designated primarily for observing wild plants and animals of the area and has many trails cut through the forest to facilitate hiking. Stag Beetle Woods (kuwagata-mushi no mori) Stag Beetle Woods lies just to the left of the main entrance to the sanctuary. There are many sawtooth and serrated oak trees1 (kunugi, konara) growing here. Larvae of the long-horned beetle2 (kamikiri mushi) nest in holes on the trunks of oak trees. Sap which oozes out on the tree trunks attracts purple Emperor butterflies3 (omurasaki) , the national butterfly of Japan. Other insects include: butterflies, including the "gomadara " butterfly4 ( gomadaracho ); and " hikage " butterfly5 ( hikagecho) , etc.; beetles, including the rhinoceros beetle6 ( kabutomushi ) and other Longicorn beetles; wasps7 (suzumebachi ) and other wasps and bees; and moths, including the "kishitaba" moth8 ( kishitaba ) and monolith moth9 ( oshima karasu yoto ). 1 Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata 2 Cerambycidae 3 Sasakia charonda (Hewiston) 4 Hestino japonica (C. et R. Felder) 5 Lethe sicelis (Hewiston) 6 Allomyrina dichotoma septentrionalis 7 Eumenes decorata Smith 8 Catocala patala Amphipyrina 9 Amphipyra monolitha Guenee Damselfly Pond (itotonbo no numa) Damselfly Pond lies just below Stag Beetle Woods. Taking the path through the woods, you emerge in the vicinity of the pond. Through spring and summer many damselflies and other dragon-flies abound in the area. -
EBG 23 May 2018 (PDF, 4.2Mb)
Issue 23 May 2018 eNewsletter CONTENTS Welcome! We are now the European Butterflies Group and this is the first newsletter with our new name and logo. Chairman’s Introduction ....... 2 A big thank you as usual to contributors for their excellent articles. Notices and News.................... 3 Please do read the Chairman’s Introduction on the next page and AGM 2018 consider his appeal for volunteers. We badly need extra administra - Butterfly holidays tive support for the group to function effectively. If you think you Survey for Spanish Greenish Black-tip can help, please get in touch with the Chairman. You do NOT need Pointers on recent ‘splits’ to be expert in European butterflies to help run the group. 2019 EBG Calendar Competition News from France A year ago our Anniversary Magazine featured an updated checklist of European butterfly species, based on work by a committee Taxon nevadensis .................. 12 chaired by Rudi Verovnik. The list included 12 new species and I Corsica ................................... 15 have done some brief notes (on pages 4-6 ) which help to explain Charca de Suárez, Motril ......... 23 the changes. Bernard Watts has written a fuller article explaining Book Review............................ 28 the new species Melitaea nevadensis (Southern Heath Fritillary ) Photospot (FE Russia)............... 29 on pages 12-14. I would like to include articles in future newsletters on some of the other new species – for instance on the Erebia cassioides complex (see left). Contributions will Common Brassy Ringlet (Erebia be gratefully received, including sug - cassioides ), which I photographed gestions of accurate English names in the Italian Dolomites. E. cassioides is now considered to comprise three for the new species. -
2015. 67-75 © Amurian Zoological Journal. VII(1)
© Амурский зоологический журнал. VII(1), 2015. 67-75 Accepted: 19.12. 2012 УДК 595.789 © Amurian zoological journal. VII(1), 2015. 67-75 Published: 31.03. 2015 МЕЖВИДОВЫЕ ВЗАИМООТНОЩЕНИЯ ГОЛУБЯНОК ПОДСЕМЕЙСТВА THECLINAE (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE) В ЮЖНОМ ПРИМОРЬЕ М.М. Омелько, Н.В. Омелько [Omelko M.M., Omelko N.V. Interspecific relationships in Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) of the tribe Theclini in Southern Primorye] Горнотаежная станция ДВО РАН, пос. Горнотаежное, Уссурийский р-н, Приморский край, 692533. E-mail: [email protected] Mountain-taiga station FEB RAS, Gornotaezhnoe vil., Ussuriyski dist., Primorskii krai, 692533 Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, межвидовые взаимоотношения, Приморский край Key words: Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, interspecific relationships, Primorskii Krai Резюме. Рассматриваются межвидовые взаимоотношения на имагинальной, эмбриональной и личиночной ста- диях развития 24 видов голубянок из 11 родов, включаемых в подсемейство хвостатки. В Южном Приморье 14 видов хвостаток трофически связаны с дубом монгольским (Quercus mongolica), бабочки 12 видов появляются в первой половине июля. У видов, занимающих одну экологическую нишу, отмечена дифференциация времени дневной активности бабочек, разобщение мест кладок яиц, различия в поведении и окраске гусениц. Summary. Interspecific relationships on the imaginal, egg and larval stages of development of 24 Theclini species from 11 genera are discussed. 14 species of Theclini are trophically related to Quercus mongolica; -
Excelsior Complex
38 MAEKI & MAKINO: Chromcsome Numbers Vo!'7, no.2 Kaniska canace Linne 31 (I) Limen;tis camilla Schiff. 30 (1, II) Limen;tis glori/ica Fruhst. 30 (1) Neptis aceris Lep. 30 (1, II) Nymphalis io Linne 31 (1, II) Nymphalis xanthomelas Esper 31 (1) Polygonia c-ctl bum Linne 31 (I) Polygonia c-aureUm Linne 31 (I) Sasakia charonda Hew. 29 (1, II) VaneSJa indica Herbst 31 (1, II) Re/erences Beliajeff, N. 1., 1930. Die Chromosomenkomplexe und ihre Beziehung zur Phylogenie bei den Lepidopteren. Zeitschr. indukt. Abst. Vererb. 54: 369-399. Federley, H., 1938. Chromosomcnzahlen finnlandisher Lepidopteren. 1. Rhopalocera. Hereditas 24: 397-464. Lorkovic, Z., 1941. Die Chromosomenzahlen in der Spermatogenese der Tagfalter. Chro mosoma 2: 155-19l. Makino, S., 1951. An atlas 0/ the chrcmosome numbers in ammals, 2nd ed. Iowa State K.u- _____~College Press, Ames. 290 pp . .::-tr -tt Z;)Qlogical institute, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JAPAN THE EXCELSIOR COMPLEX by NICHOLAS SHOUMATOFF In view of the variety of interesting hypotheses offered recently to explain the phenomenon of acrophilia in butterflies - their habit of some times lingering on hilltops - it may be helpful to recapitulate, and at the same time offer a simpler classification of alternatives, as follows: Specific Cause General Type Reference Search for foodplant Biological Merritt, Lepid. News 6: 101 Emergence on hilltop " Arnhold, Lepid. News 6:99 Search for females Wind Involuntary Merritt, Lepid. News 6: 101 Tropism Element of Play " Gregariousnness Liking hilltops Social ambition Comp?,tition Rawson, Lepid. News 5:70 Male battleground " In analyzing this problem, I believe it is important to distinguish be tween the influences of macro- and microtopology. -
Ability of Males of Two Theclini Species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) to Discriminate Between Sexes and Different Types of Females Based on the Colour of Their Wings
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(2): 328–333, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.034 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Ability of males of two theclini species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) to discriminate between sexes and different types of females based on the colour of their wings MICHIO IMAFUKU and TASUKU KITAMURA Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, wing colour, polymorphism, sexual discrimination, Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus, Neozephyrus japonicus Abstract. Many territorial species of butterfly are sexually dimorphic in their wing colours, and males of such species frequently fight each other, probably attracted by the rival’s wing colour. On the other hand, male behaviour should be directed to acquiring mates to increase their fitness, and thus should be sensitive to (usually cryptic) female wing colour. The present experiments aimed to determine whether the conspicuous male colour or cryptic female colour is more attractive to the territorial males of two lycaenid species, Chryso zephyrus smaragdinus and Neozephyrus japonicus. A pair of female and male wing models was presented simultaneously in the field to a male. The results indicate that the males of both species were preferentially attracted by the female wing model. In N. japonicus, in which the wing colour of females is polymorphic, males preferred particular types of female wings, in that they were more strongly attracted to the type-B model with a blue patch on the forewing than the type-O model, which lacked a blue patch. -
Associations Between Canopy Openness, Butterfly Resources
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 533–545, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.068 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Associations between canopy openness, butterfl y resources, butterfl y richness and abundance along forest trails in planted and natural forests ATSUSHI OHWAKI, SAKI MAEDA, MASAHIKO KITAHARA and TAKASHI NAKANO Division of Natural Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute (MFRI), Yamanashi Prefectural Government, 5597-1 Kenmarubi, Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida 403-0005, Japan; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, butterfl y, diversity, abundance, forest structure, canopy, host plant, light conditions, nectar resource, plantation, temperate forest Abstract. Increasing the biodiversity in plantations of trees is an important issue because plantations have replaced many natural and semi-natural ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, identifying appropriate management techniques and key factors for enhanc- ing biodiversity in plantations is required. We surveyed butterfl y assemblages along forest trails in both plantations and natural forests and measured various environmental variables, including canopy, sub canopy and shrub stem densities, percentage of deciduous trees, fl ower plant richness, host plant richness, canopy openness and distance to forest edge. We hypothesized that (1) fl ower and host plant richness increase with an increase in the percentage of deciduous trees and canopy openness; (2) but- terfl y richness and abundance increase with an increase in forest structural complexity, butterfl y resources, canopy openness and distance to forest edge; (3) the responses of plants and butterfl ies to canopy openness differ in plantations and natural forests; and (4) in plantations, tree-feeding butterfl ies respond to canopy openness less strongly than herbaceous plant feeding butterfl ies do because of the low diversity of trees in plantations. -
Spatial Distribution of Butterflies in Accordance with Climate Change In
sustainability Article Spatial Distribution of Butterflies in Accordance with Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula Sangdon Lee * , Hyeyoung Jeon and Minkyung Kim Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2020; Accepted: 3 March 2020; Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract: The effects of climate change are becoming apparent in the biosphere. In the 20th century, South Korea experienced a 1.5 ◦C temperature increase due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. If the changes continue, it is predicted that approximately 15–37% of animal and plant species will be endangered after 2050. Because butterflies act as a good indicator for changes in the temperature, the distribution of butterflies can be used to determine their adaptability to climate patterns. Local meteorological data for the period 1938–2011 were used from the National Forest Research Institute of Korea. Local temperature data were additionally considered among the basic information, and the distribution patterns of butterflies were analyzed for both the southern and northern regions. Southern butterflies (with northern limit) tend to increase in number with significant correlation between the temperature and number of habitats (p < 0.000), while northern butterflies (with southern limit) show no statistical significance between the temperature and number of habitats, indicating their sensitivity to temperature change. This finding is in accordance with the conclusion that southern butterflies are more susceptible to climate change when adapting to local environments and expanding their original temperature range for survival, which leads to an increase in the numbers of their habitats.