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Noto's Satoyama and Satoumi Accessibility of the Site the Noto 1 Template for GIAHS proposal Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS) Initiative SUMMARY INFORMATION Name/Title of the Agricultural Heritage System (local Name and Translation, if necessary): Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi Requesting Agency/Organization: Noto Regional Association for GIAHS Promotion and Cooperation Cooperating Organizations: (1) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) (2) United Nations University: United Nations University, Institute for Sustainability and Peace (UNU-ISP); the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies Operating Unit in Ishikawa/Kanagawa (UNU-IAS OUIK) (3) Ishikawa Prefecture (4) Kanazawa University Country/location/Site (please annex maps and descriptions of location) Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan - Noto Peninsula is located on the Japan Sea and is made up of the municipalities of Suzu City, Wajima City, Nanao City, Hakui City, Noto Town, Anamizu Town, Shika Town, and Nakanoto Town are on the Noto Peninsula. These four cities and four towns are located to the north of the Ouchi Rift Valley stretching from Nanao City to Hakui City in a southwestward direction, and this is an area that has a disti nct geology and vegetation. Accessibility of the site The Noto region can be reached by air through Noto Airport located roughly in the centre of the peninsula, as well as from Komatsu airport by train or by car, as follows: The West Japan Railway runs trains between Kanazawa and Nanao, while Noto Railway runs trains between Nanao and Anamizu. The Noto region is also easily accessible by car. It has an extensive road network consisting of the Noto toll road between Kanazawa and Noto Airport, and of motorways from the region of Toyama prefecture such as the Noetsu motorway, as well as of national roads, prefectural roads, municipal roads and regional agricultural roads. Approximate Surface Area: 1,866km2 Agro-Ecological Zone/s: Temperate rice paddy area Topographic features: A hilly and mountainous peninsula Climate Type: Temperate Approximate Population: 189,000 households Main Source of Livelihoods: Agriculture, forestry and fishery 2 Summary Information of the Agricultural Heritage System (about 200-300 words) Noto Peninsula has a rich history and culture that dates back over 2100 years. Though life on the peninsula was initially typical of a hunting and gathering society, according to archeological surveys, the roots of today‘s agricultural system can be traced to the Nara Era over 1300 years ago. Over the last millennia, human settlements on Noto peninsula have evolved, shaped by their natural environs. Today, indigenous animism, feudal era based hereditary resource use rights and practices, along with contemporary regulations and laws influenced by Western thought coexist and influence nature views, resource use rights and practices on the peninsula. Traditional customs based on indigenous Shinto and Buddhist traditions such as planting and harvesting festivals, culturally distinct festivals referred to as kiriko celebrating of the Gods protection of marine life and coastal peoples‘ livelihoods, Oku-noto Aenokoto an agricultural rice planting and harvest ritual unique to the Noto region which was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, among other nature-based traditional customs and festivals are a constant of community life throughout the peninsula. The peninsula is a microcosm of traditional rural Japan where agricultural systems are integrally linked to mountains and forest activities upstream and coastal marine activities down stream. Holistic approaches to integrated human activities of fishing, farming and forestry have traditionally been practiced and continue to coexist. Hilly terrain interspersed with wide valleys and fields forming a green corridor surrounded by volcanic rock coastline typify the peninsular landscape. The peninsula is characterized by a mosaic of managed socio-ecological systems referred to as satoyama, terrestrial-aquatic landscape ecosystems comprised of secondary woodlands, plantations, grasslands, farmlands, pasture, irrigation ponds and canals, and satoumi, marine-coastal ecosystems comprised of seashore, rocky shore, tidal flats and seaweed/eelgrass beds1. The communities of Noto have joined to work together to sustainably maintain the satoyama and satoumi landscapes and the traditions that have sustained generations for centuries, aiming at building resilience to climate change impacts and to secure biodiversity on the peninsula for future generations. DESCRIPTION OF THE AGRICULTURE HERITAGE SYSTEM I. Characteristics of the proposed GIAHS Global (or national) importance With the loss of biodiversity occurring at an unprecedented rate—up to 1000 times the natural rate of extinction, and climate change a global reality, business-as-usual is no longer an option. As human societies across the globe explore potential local solutions to reverse the loss of biodiversity and build resilience to the negative impacts of climate change, integration of traditional knowledge and other resource management practices of the past are being sought as workable solutions to future sustainability. Amidst this movement, Japan is looking to satoyama, managed socio-ecological production landscapes commonly defined as secondary woodlands and grasslands adjunct to human settlements, as an indigenous prototype of coexistence between humans and nature. Satoyama, along with the nature views, lifestyles, cultural values, traditional knowledge and resource management practices embodied in the term is used in differing contexts, including policy making initiatives by 1 Definition of satoyama and satoumi from the Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment (JSSA, October 2010) 3 local and national bodies, has become for many a symbol of human-managed landscapes where humans and nature coexist in a harmonious symbiotic relationship. Satoyama and its marine counterpart satoumi have gained momentum and are leading the paradigm shifts to sustainability founded in the traditional cultural heritage of rural communities in Japan. Satoyama gained international recognition at the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10 Nagoya) when the Satoyama Initiative, jointly developed and proposed by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and UNU-IAS at COP10 Nagoya, was adopted in a decision on the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and globally recognized ―as a potentially useful tool to better understand and support human-influenced natural environments for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being‖. Under the Satoyama Initiative, Japan is reaching across borders to communities around the globe to work together to enhance understanding and raise awareness of the importance of socio-ecological production landscapes for human well-being and to support the cultural heritage and diversity of socio-ecological production landscapes globally.1 Noto peninsula, the region proposed here as a GIAHS site, is a microcosm of Japan‘s satoyama and satoumi managed socio-ecological production landscapes. Holistic approaches to integrated human activities of fishing, farming and forestry have traditionally been practiced and continue to coexist on the peninsula which is a mosaic of socio-ecological production landscapes rich in rural cultural traditions evolved over the last 1300 years. One such tradition is Oku-noto Aenokoto an agricultural rice planting and harvest ritual unique to the Noto region which was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009. The communities of Noto peninsula have been active in the multistakeholder approach to satoyama and satoumi related research activities, policy scoping and community building in Ishikawa prefecture. The communities joined researchers and policy makers in 2008 as part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) sub-global follow-up led by UNU-IAS by contributing to the Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment (JSSA) Hokushinetsu Cluster Report data collection and writing based in Ishikawa. This community involved bottom-up integrative approach was unique among the six cluster reports where academic led top-down approaches were the norm. The findings of the Hokushinetsu Cluster report are being used to explore and design policy options for a Satoyama Satoumi Vision Strategy for the Ishikawa prefectural government to be announced in December 2010. Noto peninsula communities have also led satoumi-based activities on the Japan Sea. Nanao Bay area was selected as one of 4 pilot projects by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan for the ministry‘s satoumi creation project. A multi-stakeholder steering committee was established and for 2 years environmental, fisheries and socio-economic data was collected and submitted to the national government. The data collected from Nanao Bay and other pilot sites is the basis for the national satoumi guidelines to be announced at the International Satoumi Workshop co-organized by the national government and UNU-IAS OUIK on 20 December 2010 in Kanazawa, Ishikawa. This community involvement in satoyama satoumi based activities, research collaboration, and policy involvement are testimony to the collaborative commitment of Noto peninsula‘s communities to build on their satoyama heritage to collectively maintain their agricultural heritage as a living system for future generations on the peninsula. 1. Food and livelihood security Noto peninsula
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