A Real-Time System to Estimate Weather Conditions at High Resolution
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Fire W Eather
Fire Weather Fire Weather Fire weather depends on a combination of wildland fuels and surface weather conditions. Dead and live fuels are assessed weekly from a satellite that determines the greenness of the landscape. Surface weather conditions are monitored every 5-minutes from the Oklahoma Mesonet. This fire weather help page highlights the surface weather ingredients to monitor before wildfires and also includes several products to monitor once wildfires are underway. Fire Weather Ingredients: WRAP While the presence of wildland fuels is one necessary component for wildfires, weather conditions ultimately dictate whether or not a day is primed for wildfires to occur. There are four key fire weather ingredients and they include: high Winds, low Relative humidity, high Air temperature, and no/minimal recent Precipitation (WRAP). High Winds are the second most critical weather ingredient for wildfires. In general, winds of 20 mph or greater 20+ mph winds increase spot fires and make for most of the containment considerably more difficult. state Low Relative humidity is the most 30-40+ critical weather ingredient for wildfires mph winds and is most common in the afternoon when the air temperature is at its warmest. When relative humidity is at or below 20% extreme fire behavior can result and spot fires become freQuent. Watch out for areas of 20% or below relative humidity and 20 mph or higher winds à 20/20 rule! Extremely low relative humidity Warm Air temperatures are another values key weather ingredient for wildfires as warming can lower the relative humidity, reduce moisture for smaller dead fuels, and bring fuels closer to their ignition point. -
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems Across the world, many different charts of different formats are used by different governments. These charts can be anything from a simple prognostic chart, used to convey weather forecasts in a simple to read visual manner to the much more complex Wind and Temperature charts used by meteorologists and pilots to determine current and forecast weather conditions at high altitudes. When used properly these charts can be the key to accurately determining the weather conditions in the near future. This Write-Up will provide a brief introduction to several common types of charts. Prognostic Charts To the untrained eye, this chart looks like a strange piece of modern art that an angry mathematician scribbled numbers on. However, this chart is an extremely important resource when evaluating the movement of weather fronts and pressure areas. Fronts Depicted on the chart are weather front combined into four categories; Warm Fronts, Cold Fronts, Stationary Fronts and Occluded Fronts. Warm fronts are depicted by red line with red semi-circles covering one edge. The front movement is indicated by the direction the semi- circles are pointing. The front follows the Semi-Circles. Since the example above has the semi-circles on the top, the front would be indicated as moving up. Cold fronts are depicted as a blue line with blue triangles along one side. Like warm fronts, the direction in which the blue triangles are pointing dictates the direction of the cold front. Stationary fronts are frontal systems which have stalled and are no longer moving. -
COMPLAINT for INJUNCTIVE RELIEF and CIVIL PENALTIES for 14 V
1 MICHAEL N. FEUER, City Attorney (SBN 111529) JAMES P. CLARK, Chief Deputy City Attorney (SBN 64780) 2 THOMAS H. PETERS, Chief Assistant City Attorney (SBN 163388) MICHAEL J. BOSTROM, Assistant City Attorney (SBN 211778) 3 ADAM R. TEITELBAUM, Deputy City Attorney (SBN 310565) OFFICE OF THE LOS ANGELES CITY ATTORNEY 4 200 North Spring Street, 14th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90012-4131 5 Telephone: (213) 978-1865 Facsimile: (213) 978-2286 6 Email: [email protected] 7 Attorneys for Plaintiff, THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 8 [NO FEE – Cal. Govt. Code § 6103] 9 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 10 COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES 11 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF Case No.: _______________________ 12 CALIFORNIA, 13 Plaintiff, COMPLAINT FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AND CIVIL PENALTIES FOR 14 v. VIOLATIONS OF THE UNFAIR 15 TWC PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY, LLC, COMPETITION LAW (CALIFORNIA a Delaware corporation; and DOES 1-50, BUSINESS & PROFESSIONS CODE 16 inclusive, §§ 17200, ET SEQ.) 17 Defendants. 18 INTRODUCTION 19 1. Plaintiff People of the State of California (“the People”), by and through 20 Michael N. Feuer, the City Attorney of Los Angeles, bring this civil law enforcement action 21 against Defendants TWC Product and Technology, LLC and Does 1 through 50, inclusive 22 (collectively “TWC” or “Defendant”). For years, TWC has deceptively used its Weather 23 Channel App to amass its users’ private, personal geolocation data—tracking minute details 24 about its users’ locations throughout the day and night, all the while leading users to believe 25 that their data will only be used to provide them with “personalized local weather data, alerts 26 and forecasts.” TWC has then profited from that data, using it and monetizing it for purposes 27 entirely unrelated to weather or the Weather Channel App. -
Weather Observations
Operational Weather Analysis … www.wxonline.info Chapter 2 Weather Observations Weather observations are the basic ingredients of weather analysis. These observations define the current state of the atmosphere, serve as the basis for isoline patterns, and provide a means for determining the physical processes that occur in the atmosphere. A working knowledge of the observation process is an important part of weather analysis. Source-Based Observation Classification Weather parameters are determined directly by human observation, by instruments, or by a combination of both. Human-based Parameters : Traditionally the human eye has been the source of various weather parameters. For example, the amount of cloud that covers the sky, the type of precipitation, or horizontal visibility, has been based on human observation. Instrument-based Parameters : Numerous instruments have been developed over the years to sense a variety of weather parameters. Some of these instruments directly observe a particular weather parameter at the location of the instrument. The measurement of air temperature by a thermometer is an excellent example of a direct measurement. Other instruments observe data remotely. These instruments either passively sense radiation coming from a location or actively send radiation into an area and interpret the radiation returned to the instrument. Satellite data for visible and infrared imagery are examples of the former while weather radar is an example of the latter. Hybrid Parameters : Hybrid observations refer to weather parameters that are read by a human observer from an instrument. This approach to collecting weather data has been a big part of the weather observing process for many years. Proper sensing of atmospheric data requires proper siting of the sensors. -
ESSENTIALS of METEOROLOGY (7Th Ed.) GLOSSARY
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.) GLOSSARY Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles (dust, smoke, etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, produce sulfate aerosols. Air density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by it. Air density is usually expressed as g/cm3 or kg/m3. Also See Density. Air pressure The pressure exerted by the mass of air above a given point, usually expressed in millibars (mb), inches of (atmospheric mercury (Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa). pressure) Atmosphere The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction. The earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas whose concentration is about 0.039 percent (390 ppm) in a volume of air near sea level. It is a selective absorber of infrared radiation and, consequently, it is important in the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. Solid CO2 is called dry ice. Climate The accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events over a long period of time. Front The transition zone between two distinct air masses. Hurricane A tropical cyclone having winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mi/hr). Ionosphere An electrified region of the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist. Lapse rate The rate at which an atmospheric variable (usually temperature) decreases with height. (See Environmental lapse rate.) Mesosphere The atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. -
Comcast Channel Lineup for WCUPA HD Channels Only When HDMI Cable Used to Connect to Set Top Cable Box
Comcast Channel Lineup for WCUPA HD Channels only when HDMI cable used to connect to Set Top Cable Box CH. NETWORK Standard Def CH. NETWORK Standard Def CH. MUSIC STATIONS 2 MeTV (KJWP, Phila.) 263 RT (WYBE, Phila.) 401 Music Choice Hit List 3 CBS 3 (KYW, Phila.) 264 France 24 (WYBE, Phila.) 402 Music Choice Max 4 WACP 265 NHK World (WYBE, Phila.) 403 Dance / EDM 6 6 ABC (WPVI, Phila.) 266 Create (WLVT, Allentown) 404 Music Choice Indie 7 PHL 17 (WPHL, Phila.) 267 V-me (WLVT, Allentown) 405 Hip-Hop and R&B 8 NBC 8 (WGAL, Phila.) 268 Azteca (WZPA, Phila.) 406 Music Choice Rap 9 Fox 29 (WTXF, Phila.) 278 The Works (WTVE, Phila.) 407 Hip-Hop Classics 10 NBC 10 (WCAU, Phila.) 283 EVINE Live 408 Music Choice Throwback Jamz 11 QVC 287 Daystar 409 Music Choice R&B Classics 12 WHYY (PBS, Phila.) 291 EWTN 410 Music Choice R&B Soul 13 CW Philly 57 (WPSG, Phila.) 294 The Word 411 Music Choice Gospel 14 Animal Planet 294 Inspiration 412 Music Choice Reggae 15 WFMZ 500 On Demand Previews 413 Music Choice Rock 16 Univision (WUVP. Phila.) 550 XFINITY Latino 414 Music Choice Metal 17 MSNBC 556 TeleXitos (WWSI, Phila.) 415 Music Choice Alternative 18 TBN (WGTW, Phila.) 558 V-me (WLVT, Allentown) 416 Music Choice Adult Alternative 19 NJTV 561 Univision (WUVP, Phila.) 417 Music Choice Retro Rock 20 HSN 563 UniMás (WFPA, Phila.) 418 Music Choice Classic Rock 21 WMCN 565 Telemundo (WWSI, Phila.) 419 Music Choice Soft Rock 22 EWTN 568 Azteca (WZPA, Phila.) 420 Music Choice Love Songs 23 39 PBS (WLVT, Allentown) 725 FXX 421 Music Choice Pop Hits 24 Telemundo (WWSI, Phila.) 733 NFL Network 422 Music Choice Party Favorites 25 WTVE 965 Chalfont Borough Gov. -
A Brief Overview of Weather Radar Technologies and Instrumentation
A Brief Overview of Weather Radar Technologies and Instrumentation Mark Yeary, Boon L. Cheong, James M. Kurdzo, Tian-You Yu, and Robert Palmer eather radar technologies and instrumenta- networks, and spectrum sharing. Next, we look at several tion play a vital role in early warning of severe hardware and signal processing technology examples related W weather. For example, the annual impacts of to these lists. adverse weather on the U.S. national highway system and roads are staggering: 7,400 weather–related deaths and 1.5 Hardware and Signal Processing million weather–related crashes [1]. In addition, US$4.2 bil- Technologies lion is lost each year as a result of air traffic delays attributed Severe and hazardous weather such as thunderstorms, down- to weather. Research on high-impact weather is broadly mo- bursts, and tornadoes can take lives in a matter of minutes. To tivated by society’s need to improve the prediction of these improve detection and forecast of such phenomena using ra- weather events. The research approaches to accomplish this dar, one of the key factors is fast scan capability. Conventional goal vary significantly with the inherent predictability of the weather radars, such as the pervasive Next Generation Ra- weather system. For example, the current forecast approaches dar (NEXRAD) developed in the 1980s, are severely limited by for issuing warnings of short-lived events, such as tornadoes mechanical scanning with their large rotating dish. Approxi- and flash floods, are primarily based on observations with a fo- mately 168 of these radars are in a national network to provide cus on advanced Doppler radar measurements. -
Singapore Changi Airport Dropsonde for Weather
41621Y_Vaisala156 6.4.2001 10:05 Sivu 1 156/2001156/2001 Extensive AWOS System: Singapore Changi Airport 2000 NWS Isaac Cline Meteorology Award: Dropsonde for Weather Reconnaissance Short-Term Weather Predictions in Urban Zones: Urban Forecast Issues and Challenges The 81st AMS Annual Meeting: Precipitation Extremes and Climate Variability 41621Y_Vaisala156 6.4.2001 10:05 Sivu 2 Contents President’s Column 3 Vaisala’s high-quality customer Upper Air Obsevations support aims to offer complete solutions for customers’ AUTOSONDE Service and Maintenance measurement needs. Vaisala Contract for Germany 4 and DWD (the German Dropsonde for Weather Reconnaissance in the USA 6 Meteorological Institute) have signed an AUTOSONDE Service Ballistic Meteo System for the Dutch Army 10 and Maintenance Contract. The service benefits are short GPS Radiosonde Trial at Camborne, UK 12 turnaround times, high data Challenge of Space at CNES 14 availability and extensive service options. Surface Weather Observations World Natural Heritage Site in Japan 16 The First MAWS Shipped to France for CNES 18 Finland’s oldest and most Aviation Weather experienced helicopter operator Copterline Oy started scheduled The Extesive AWOS System to route traffic between Helsinki Singapore Changi Airport 18 and Tallinn in May 2000. Accurate weather data for safe The New Athens International Airport 23 journeys and landings is Fast Helicopter Transportation Linking Two Capitals 24 provided by a Vaisala Aviation Weather Reporter AW11 system, European Gliding Champs 26 serving at both ends of the route. Winter Maintenance on Roads Sound Basis for Road Condition Monitoring in Italy 28 Fog Monitoring Along the River Seine 30 The French Air and Space Academy has awarded its year Additional Features 2000 “Grand Prix” to the SAFIR system development teams of Urban Forecast Issues and Challenges 30 Vaisala and ONERA (the The 81st AMS Annual Meeting: French National Aerospace Precipitation Extremes and Climate Variability 38 Research Agency). -
Ront November-Ddecember, 2002 National Weather Service Central Region Volume 1 Number 6
The ront November-DDecember, 2002 National Weather Service Central Region Volume 1 Number 6 Technology at work for your safety In this issue: Conceived and deployed as stand alone systems for airports, weather sensors and radar systems now share information to enhance safety and efficiency in the National Airspace System. ITWS - Integrated Jim Roets, Lead Forecaster help the flow of air traffic and promote air Terminal Aviation Weather Center safety. One of those modernization com- Weather System The National Airspace System ponents is the Automated Surface (NAS) is a complex integration of many Observing System (ASOS). technologies. Besides the aircraft that fly There are two direct uses for ASOS, you and your family to vacation resorts, and the FAA’s Automated Weather or business meetings, many other tech- Observing System (AWOS). They are: nologies are at work - unseen, but critical Integrated Terminal Weather System MIAWS - Medium to aviation safety. The Federal Aviation (ITWS), and the Medium Intensity Intensity Airport Administration (FAA) is undertaking a Airport Weather System (MIAWS). The Weather System modernization of the NAS. One of the technologies that make up ITWS, shown modernization efforts is seeking to blend in Figure 1, expand the reach of the many weather and aircraft sensors, sur- observing site from the terminal to the en veillance radar, and computer model route environment. Their primary focus weather output into presentations that will is to reduce delays caused by weather, Gust fronts - Evolution and Detection Weather radar displays NWS - Doppler FAA - ITWS ASOS - It’s not just for airport observations anymore Mission Statement To enhance aviation safety by Source: MIT Lincoln Labs increasing the pilots’ knowledge of weather systems and processes Figure 1. -
The Role of Weather Radar in Rainfall Estimation and Its Application in Meteorological and Hydrological Modelling—A Review
remote sensing Review The Role of Weather Radar in Rainfall Estimation and Its Application in Meteorological and Hydrological Modelling—A Review ZbynˇekSokol 1 , Jan Szturc 2,* , Johanna Orellana-Alvear 3,4 , Jana Popová 1,5 , Anna Jurczyk 2 and Rolando Célleri 3 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II, 141 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic; [email protected] (Z.S.); [email protected] (J.P.) 2 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, PL 01-673 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC10207, Ecuador; [email protected] (J.O.-A.); [email protected] (R.C.) 4 Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, D-035032 Marburg, Germany 5 Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Radar-based rainfall information has been widely used in hydrological and meteorological applications, as it provides data with a high spatial and temporal resolution that improve rainfall representation. However, the broad diversity of studies makes it difficult to gather a condensed overview of the usefulness and limitations of radar technology and its application in particular situations. In this paper, a comprehensive review through a categorization of radar-related topics Citation: Sokol, Z.; Szturc, J.; aims to provide a general picture of the current state of radar research. First, the importance and Orellana-Alvear, J.; Popová, J.; Jurczyk, A.; Célleri, R. -
XFINITY® TV Channel Lineup
XFINITY® TV Channel Lineup Somerville, MA C-103 | 05.13 51 NESN 837 A&E HD 852 Comcast SportsNet HD Limited Basic 52 Comcast SportsNet 841 Fox News HD 854 Food Network HD 54 BET 842 CNN HD 855 Spike TV HD 2 WGBH-2 (PBS) / HD 802 55 Spike TV 854 Food Network HD 858 Comedy Central HD 3 Public Access 57 Bravo 859 AMC HD 859 AMC HD 4 WBZ-4 (CBS) / HD 804 59 AMC 863 Animal Planet HD 860 Cartoon Network HD 5 WCVB-5 (ABC) / HD 805 60 Cartoon Network 872 History HD 862 Syfy HD 6 NECN 61 Comedy Central 905 BET HD 863 Animal Planet HD 7 WHDH-7 (NBC) / HD 807 62 Syfy 906 HSN HD 865 NBC Sports Network HD 8 HSN 63 Animal Planet 907 Hallmark HD 867 TLC HD 9 WBPX-68 (ION) / HD 803 64 TV Land 910 H2 HD 872 History HD 10 WWDP-DT 66 History 901 MSNBC HD 67 Travel Channel 902 truTV HD 12 WLVI-56 (CW) / HD 808 13 WFXT-25 (FOX) / HD 806 69 Golf Channel Digital Starter 905 BET HD 14 WSBK myTV38 (MyTV) / 186 truTV (Includes Limited Basic and 906 HSN HD HD 814 208 Hallmark Channel Expanded Basic) 907 Hallmark HD 15 Educational Access 234 Inspirational Network 908 GMC HD 16 WGBX-44 (PBS) / HD 801 238 EWTN 909 Investigation Discovery HD 251 MSNBC 1 On Demand 910 H2 HD 17 WUNI-27 (UNI) / HD 816 42/246 Bloomberg Television 18 WBIN (IND) / HD 811 270 Lifetime Movie Network 916 Bloomberg Television HD 284 Fox Business Network 182 TV Guide Entertainment 920 BBC America HD 19 WNEU-60 (Telemundo) / 199 Hallmark Movie Channel HD 815 200 MoviePlex 20 WMFP-62 (IND) / HD 813 Family Tier 211 style. -
Weather in the Cockpit: Priorities, Sources, Delivery, and Needs in the Next Generation Air Transportation System
DOT/FAA/AM-12/7 Office of Aerospace Medicine Washington, DC 20591 Weather in the Cockpit: Priorities, Sources, Delivery, and Needs in the Next Generation Air Transportation System Roger W. Schvaneveldt and Russell J. Branaghan Arizona State University Mesa, AZ 85212 John Lamonica Lamonica Aviation Tucson, AZ 85718 Dennis B. Beringer FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 July 2012 Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents thereof. ___________ This publication and all Office of Aerospace Medicine technical reports are available in full-text from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s publications website: www.faa.gov/go/oamtechreports Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT/FAA/AM-12/7 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Weather in the cockpit: Priorities, Sources, Delivery, and Needs in the July 2012 Next Generation Air Transportation System 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Schvaneveldt RW,1 Branaghan RJ,1 Lamonica J,2 Beringer, DB3 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 1 Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212 2 11. Contract or Grant No. Lamonica Aviation, Tucson, AZ 85718 3 FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 12. Sponsoring Agency name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Office of Aerospace Medicine Federal Aviation Administration 800 Independence Ave., S.W.