Singapore Changi Airport Dropsonde for Weather
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Singapore, July 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Singapore, July 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: SINGAPORE July 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Singapore (English-language name). Also, in other official languages: Republik Singapura (Malay), Xinjiapo Gongheguo― 新加坡共和国 (Chinese), and Cingkappãr Kudiyarasu (Tamil) சி க யரச. Short Form: Singapore. Click to Enlarge Image Term for Citizen(s): Singaporean(s). Capital: Singapore. Major Cities: Singapore is a city-state. The city of Singapore is located on the south-central coast of the island of Singapore, but urbanization has taken over most of the territory of the island. Date of Independence: August 31, 1963, from Britain; August 9, 1965, from the Federation of Malaysia. National Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1); Lunar New Year (movable date in January or February); Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date in February); Good Friday (movable date in March or April); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (June 2); National Day or Independence Day (August 9); Deepavali (movable date in November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date according to the Islamic lunar calendar); and Christmas (December 25). Flag: Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent (closed portion toward the hoist side), partially enclosing five white-point stars arranged in a circle, positioned near the hoist side of the red band. The red band symbolizes universal brotherhood and the equality of men; the white band, purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents Click to Enlarge Image a young nation on the rise, while the five stars stand for the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. -
A Real-Time System to Estimate Weather Conditions at High Resolution
12.1 A Real-Time System to Estimate Weather Conditions at High Resolution Peter P. Neilley1 Weather Services International, Inc. Andover, MA 01810 And Bruce L. Rose The Weather Channel Atlanta, GA the earth’s surface (the so-called current 1. Introduction1 conditions). b) We do not necessarily produce weather The purpose of this paper is to describe an observations on a regular grid, but at an operational system used to estimate current irregular set of arbitrary locations or points weather conditions at arbitrary places in real- that are relevant to the consumers of the time. The system, known as High Resolution information. Assimilation of Data (or HiRAD), is designed to generate synthetic weather observations in a c) In addition to producing quantitative manner equivalent in scope, timeliness and observational elements (e.g. temperature, quality to a arbitrarily dense physical observing pressure and wind speed) our system network. Our approach is, first, to collect produces common, descriptive terminology information from a variety of relevant sources of the sensible weather such as including gridded analyses, traditional surface “Thundershowers”, “Patchy Fog”, and weather reports, radar, satellite and lightning “Snow Flurries”. observations. Then we continuously synthesize these data into weather condition estimates at d) We do not strive to produce a state of the prescribed locations. An operational system atmosphere optimized for fidelity with based on this approach has been built and is Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) commercially deployed in the United States. models. Instead, the system is optimized to produce the most accurate estimate of the In most regards, our approach is analogous to observed state at the surface that can be modern data assimilation techniques. -
Qantas Lounges at SIN to Be Revamped
Qantas lounges at SIN to be revamped By Rick Lundstrom on October, 25 2018 | Airline & Terminal News Artist impression of the dining area in the new Qantas First lounge set for completion at the end of next year Qantas this week announced a multi-million dollar investment in a new First Lounge and an expansion of the airline’s existing Business Lounge at Singapore Changi Airport. With development due to start in April 2019, the Singapore First Lounge will offer seating for 240 travelers, premium a la carte dining with Asian-inspired menus. The existing Business Lounge, which opened in 2013, will also be expanded. Combined, the First and Business Lounges will offer seating for more than 800 people. Qantas CEO Alan Joyce said the airline’s overall lounge capacity in Singapore would increase by 60%. “With the return of our A380 service to Singapore we’ve got more passengers transiting through our existing lounge and strong demand for travel in premium cabins,” he said. Qantas will work with Chef Neil Perry and Industrial Designer David Caon in collaboration with designer Akin Atelier. “The design will embody a clear focus on sustainability with choices in materials, lighting interior, layouts and amenities all reflecting the highest local and international design techniques,” said a release from Qantas 1 Copyright DutyFree Magazine. All rights reserved. Set to open towards the end of 2019, the First Lounge will have shower facilities, a cocktail bar, open kitchen and menu offerings reflecting the best of Singapore’s vibrant dining culture. It will join Sydney, Melbourne and Los Angeles as Qantas ports with a dedicated First Lounge. -
Fire W Eather
Fire Weather Fire Weather Fire weather depends on a combination of wildland fuels and surface weather conditions. Dead and live fuels are assessed weekly from a satellite that determines the greenness of the landscape. Surface weather conditions are monitored every 5-minutes from the Oklahoma Mesonet. This fire weather help page highlights the surface weather ingredients to monitor before wildfires and also includes several products to monitor once wildfires are underway. Fire Weather Ingredients: WRAP While the presence of wildland fuels is one necessary component for wildfires, weather conditions ultimately dictate whether or not a day is primed for wildfires to occur. There are four key fire weather ingredients and they include: high Winds, low Relative humidity, high Air temperature, and no/minimal recent Precipitation (WRAP). High Winds are the second most critical weather ingredient for wildfires. In general, winds of 20 mph or greater 20+ mph winds increase spot fires and make for most of the containment considerably more difficult. state Low Relative humidity is the most 30-40+ critical weather ingredient for wildfires mph winds and is most common in the afternoon when the air temperature is at its warmest. When relative humidity is at or below 20% extreme fire behavior can result and spot fires become freQuent. Watch out for areas of 20% or below relative humidity and 20 mph or higher winds à 20/20 rule! Extremely low relative humidity Warm Air temperatures are another values key weather ingredient for wildfires as warming can lower the relative humidity, reduce moisture for smaller dead fuels, and bring fuels closer to their ignition point. -
Singapore Changi Airport Preparation for & Experience with the A380
Singapore Changi Airport Preparation For & Experience With the A380 Mr Andy YUN Assistant Director (Apron Control Management Service / Safety) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Presentation Outline 1. Infrastructure Upgrade o Runway o Taxiway o Apron o Aerobridge o Baggage Handling o Gate Holdroom 2. New Handling Equipment 3. Ground Working Group 4. Training of Operators 5. Trial Flights & Challenges 2 1. Infrastructure Upgrade 3 InfrastructureInfrastructure UpgradeUpgrade Planning ahead to serve the A380. • Changi Airport was the launch pad for the inaugural A380 commercial flight. • Planning started as early as the late 1990s. • New infrastructure designed to provide high levels of safety, efficiency and service for A380 operation. • Existing infrastructure was upgraded at a total cost of S$60 million. Airfield Infrastructure • Upgrade to meet international standards for safe and efficient operation of the bigger aircraft. Passenger Terminals • Increase processing capacity, holding and circulation spaces within the terminals to cater to larger volume of passengers. 4 InfrastructureInfrastructure UpgradeUpgrade -- Airfield Airfield Airfield Separation Distances • Changi’s runways, taxiways and airfield objects are designed with adequate safety separation to meet A380 requirements. 200m >101m 57.5m 60m 30m 30m Runway Taxiway Taxiway Object 5 InfrastructureInfrastructure UpgradeUpgrade -- Runway Runway Runway Length and Width • Changi’s 4km long by 60m wide runways exceed A380 take-off and landing requirements. Runway Shoulders • Completed -
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems
Weather Charts Natural History Museum of Utah – Nature Unleashed Stefan Brems Across the world, many different charts of different formats are used by different governments. These charts can be anything from a simple prognostic chart, used to convey weather forecasts in a simple to read visual manner to the much more complex Wind and Temperature charts used by meteorologists and pilots to determine current and forecast weather conditions at high altitudes. When used properly these charts can be the key to accurately determining the weather conditions in the near future. This Write-Up will provide a brief introduction to several common types of charts. Prognostic Charts To the untrained eye, this chart looks like a strange piece of modern art that an angry mathematician scribbled numbers on. However, this chart is an extremely important resource when evaluating the movement of weather fronts and pressure areas. Fronts Depicted on the chart are weather front combined into four categories; Warm Fronts, Cold Fronts, Stationary Fronts and Occluded Fronts. Warm fronts are depicted by red line with red semi-circles covering one edge. The front movement is indicated by the direction the semi- circles are pointing. The front follows the Semi-Circles. Since the example above has the semi-circles on the top, the front would be indicated as moving up. Cold fronts are depicted as a blue line with blue triangles along one side. Like warm fronts, the direction in which the blue triangles are pointing dictates the direction of the cold front. Stationary fronts are frontal systems which have stalled and are no longer moving. -
Evolution of NOAA's Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA)
Evolution of NOAA’s Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA) Presented to the 13th Symposium on Societal Applications: Policy, Research and Practice (paper 9.1) Louis Cantrell Jr., and D. Helms, R. C. Reining, A. Pratt, B. Priest, and V. Ries 98th Annual Meeting American Meteorological Society Austin, Texas Overview 1 How NOSIA Informs Portfolio Decision Making 2 How NOSIA is Evolving Observing System Portfolio Management 3 System Engineering Measure of Effectiveness Each point on the Efficient Frontier represents an optimum Portfolio of Observing Programs within a Constrained Budget utcomes) O Measure of Effectiveness Measure Effectiveness of (MoE: Cost 4 Capability Improvement Prioritization NOAA Emerging Technologies for Observations Workshop Sponsored by the NOAA Observing Systems Council August 22-23, 2017 - NCWCP Identifying Capability Improvements for the Greatest NOAA -wide Benefit ▪ National Water Level Observation Network ▪ Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Buoy Ocean Profiles ▪ Commercial Fisheries Dependent Data Surveys ▪ ARGO ▪ Integrated Ocean Observing System Regionals ▪ Animal Borne Sensors ▪ National Observer Program (NOP) ▪ Drifting Buoy Network ▪ NEXRAD Precipitation Products ▪ Program-funded Habitat Surveys ▪ Coastal Weather Buoys Atmospheric Surface Observations ▪ Recreational Fish Surveys ▪ Historical Habitat Databases ▪ Chartered Vessels Research ▪ NWS Upper Air Soundings ▪ Coastal-Marine Automated Network ▪ GOES Imagery ▪ NERR_SWMP ▪ Automated Weather Observing System ▪ Global Ocean Observing System Carbon Network -
Weather Observations
Operational Weather Analysis … www.wxonline.info Chapter 2 Weather Observations Weather observations are the basic ingredients of weather analysis. These observations define the current state of the atmosphere, serve as the basis for isoline patterns, and provide a means for determining the physical processes that occur in the atmosphere. A working knowledge of the observation process is an important part of weather analysis. Source-Based Observation Classification Weather parameters are determined directly by human observation, by instruments, or by a combination of both. Human-based Parameters : Traditionally the human eye has been the source of various weather parameters. For example, the amount of cloud that covers the sky, the type of precipitation, or horizontal visibility, has been based on human observation. Instrument-based Parameters : Numerous instruments have been developed over the years to sense a variety of weather parameters. Some of these instruments directly observe a particular weather parameter at the location of the instrument. The measurement of air temperature by a thermometer is an excellent example of a direct measurement. Other instruments observe data remotely. These instruments either passively sense radiation coming from a location or actively send radiation into an area and interpret the radiation returned to the instrument. Satellite data for visible and infrared imagery are examples of the former while weather radar is an example of the latter. Hybrid Parameters : Hybrid observations refer to weather parameters that are read by a human observer from an instrument. This approach to collecting weather data has been a big part of the weather observing process for many years. Proper sensing of atmospheric data requires proper siting of the sensors. -
Major Milestones
Major Milestones 1929 • Singapore‟s first airport, Seletar Air Base, a military installation is completed. 1930 • First commercial flight lands in Singapore (February) • The then colonial government decides to build a new airport at Kallang Basin. 1935 • Kallang Airport receives its first aircraft. (21 November) 1937 • Kallang Airport is declared open (12 June). It goes on to function for just 15 years (1937– 1942; 1945-1955) 1951 • A site at Paya Lebar is chosen for the new airport. 1952 • Resettlement of residents and reclamation of marshy ground at Paya Lebar commences. 1955 • 20 August: Paya Lebar airport is officially opened. 1975 • June: Decision is taken by the Government to develop Changi as the new airport to replace Paya Lebar. Site preparations at Changi, including massive earthworks and reclamation from the sea, begin. 1976 • Final Master Plan for Changi Airport, based on a preliminary plan drawn up by then Airport Branch of Public Works Department (PWD), is endorsed by Airport Consultative Committee of the International Air Transport Association. 1977 • May: Reclamation and earthworks at Changi is completed. • June: Start of basement construction for Changi Airport Phase 1. 1979 • August: Foundation stone of main Terminal 1 superstructure is laid. 1981 • Start of Phase II development of Changi Airport. Work starts on Runway 2. • 12 May: Changi Airport receives its first commercial aircraft. • June: Construction of Terminal 1 is completed. • 1 July: Terminal 1 starts scheduled flight operations. • 29 December: Changi Airport is officially declared open. 1983 • Construction of Runway 2 is completed. 1984 • 17 April: Runway 2 is commissioned. • July: Ministry of Finance approves government grant for construction of Terminal 2. -
Media Release
Media Release Another record breaking year for Changi Airport Annual passenger traffic crosses 45-million mark for first time in 2011 SINGAPORE, 20 January 2012 – Singapore Changi Airport registered a strong performance last month to achieve new records for passenger traffic and aircraft movements in 2011. Celebrating its 30 th anniversary in 2011, Changi Airport managed 46.5 million passenger movements and 302,000 aircraft movements during the year, an increase of 10.7% and 14.5% respectively. Airfreight movements recovered to 2008 levels with 1.87 million tonnes of cargo handled, up 2.8% from 2010. December 2011 was Changi Airport’s busiest month ever with 4.53 million passenger movements, 11.4% more than a year ago. Changi’s daily record was also broken on 17 December 2011 with 165,000 passengers passing through during the 24 hours, surpassing the previous record of 148,000 passengers on 19 June 2011. There were 27,700 aircraft movements last month, an increase of 16.0% compared to December 2010. As at 1 January 2012, Changi Airport handles more than 6,300 scheduled flights each week, an increase of 16.7% from a year ago. More than 100 airlines now connect Singapore to 210 cities in 60 countries globally. In terms of cargo movements, steady demand for airfreight enabled Changi Airport to close the year on a positive note. Some 167,000 tonnes of cargo were handled in December, an increase of 6.9% on-year, representing Changi’s busiest month in three years. In 2011, Changi’s cargo community welcomed the launch of freighter flights to Chengdu and Chongqing in China, and the introduction of all-freighter flights by Emirates and Lufthansa Cargo. -
NCEP Synergy Meeting Highlights: March 27, 2017
NCEP Synergy Meeting Highlights: March 27, 2017 This meeting was led by Mark Klein (WPC) and attended by Steven Earle (NCO); Glenn White (GCWMB); Israel Jirak (SPC); Mike Brennan (NHC) Scott Scallion (MDL); Brian Miretsky (ER); Jack Settelmaier (SR); Andy Edman (WR); John Eise (CR), and Curtis Alexander (ESRL). 1. NOTES FROM NCO (Steven Earle) RTMA/URMA - Implementation delayed until May 2 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-17rtma_urma.htm LMP/GLMP - Implementation scheduled for 3/29 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-22lamp_glmpaaa.htm ECMWF-MOS - Implementation tentatively scheduled for 3/30; Likely to delay at least a week. Internal NWS only NHC Guidance Suite (NHC only) - Scheduled implementation in mid-May http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/pns17-09chghurche77removal.htm ESTOFS-Atlantic - Feedback due by COB today with implementation April 25 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/scn17-34extratropical.htm NWM - 30-day IT stability test scheduled to begin today. Implementation scheduled for early May. SCN to be released soon. GFS - 30-day IT stability test scheduled to begin in May; Implementation scheduled for mid-June. SCN will be released in early May. CMAQ - CONUS only upgrade. Evaluation and IT stability test expected to start at the end of April PETSS/ETSS - NCO began work on the upgrade; Evaluation and IT stability expected to start in early May 2. NOTES FROM EMC 2a. Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch (GCWMB) (Glenn White): The Office of the Director has approved the implementation of the GFS NEMS. The 30-day IT test is now scheduled for May and implementation is scheduled for mid-June. -
Top 20 Busiest Air Cargo Airports
World’s 20 busiest Air Cargo Hubs (TOTAL CARGO) IATA REGION CITY COUNTRY AIRPORT NAME CODE % CHANGE Hong Kong 1 Asia-Pacific Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport HKG 1. 4 2 North America Memphis TN United States Memphis International Airport MEM 3.1 3 Asia-Pacific Shanghai China Pudong International Airport PVG -1.5 4 Asia-Pacific Incheon Korea, Republic Of Incheon International Airport ICN 1. 0 Ted Stevens Anchorage 5 North America Anchorage AK United States International Airport ANC 3.5 United Arab 6 Middle East Dubai Emirates Dubai International Airport DXB -0.5 7 North America Louisville KY United States Louisville International Airport SDF 0.8 Taiwan Taoyuan 8 Asia-Pacific Taipei Chinese Taipei International Airport TPE 2.4 9 Asia-Pacific Tok yo Japan Narita International Airport NRT -3.2 Los Angeles 10 North America Los Angeles CA United States International Airport LAX 2.4 11 Middle East Doha Qatar Hamad International Airport DOH 8.8 12 Asia-Pacific Singapore Singapore Singapore Changi Airport SIN 1. 4 13 Europe Frankfurt Germany Flughafen Frankfurt/Main FRA -0.8 Aéroport de Paris-Charles 14 Europe Paris France de Gaulle CDG -1.8 15 North America Miami FL United States Miami International Airport MIA 2.8 Beijing Capital 16 Asia-Pacific Beijing China International Airport PEK 2.2 Guangzhou Bai Yun 17 Asia-Pacific Guangzhou China International Airport CAN 5.0 18 North America Chicago IL United States O’Hare International Airport ORD 3.6 19 Europe London United Kingdom Heathrow Airport LHR -1.3 20 Europe Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Airport Schiphol AMS -2.7 Copyright © 2019 Airports Council International *Preliminary rankings for 2018, with respect to total cargo traffic.