2 International Congress of Forensic Toxicology

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

ABSTRACT BOOK

50. YIL AUDITORIUM

Ankara-TURKEY May 26-30, 2016

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

TABLE of CONTENTS

Information Welcome 3 Sponsors 4 Host 7 Contributors 7 Honorary President 7 Organizing Committee 7 Scientific Secretary 8 President of Scientific and Organization Committees 8 Scientific Committee 8 Abstracts 50. Yıl Auditorium Oral Presentations 15 Poster Presentations 73

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

WELCOME

Dear Participants,

On behalf of the Ankara University, De Montfort University, ÇASGEM, Society of Forensic Toxicology and Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences it is our great pleasure to invite all of you to the 2nd International Congress of Forensic Toxicology.

This Congress is aimed to bring together forensic toxicologists from different countries and to share and enhance knowledge on latest international researches on the subject. However, topics will not be limited only to forensic issues, and will cover industrial toxicology, occupational diseases and toxicology, heavy metals and toxicology, genetic toxicology, post-mortem toxicology, ethical and legal requirements in clinical research and daily life and toxicology. There will be various interactive poster sessions and a trade exhibition.

The program features the latest developments in forensic sciences and in other toxicology related areas.

The Congress venue is in the capital Ankara with various accommodation opportunities, restaurants, museums, pubs and cafes. Beside its historic buildings, the city has many peerless museums such as War of Independence Museum (The First Grand National Assembly of Turkey), Republic Museum (The Second Grand National Assembly of Turkey), Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and Ethnographic Museum, Augustus Temple and Roman Baths, and other landmarks including Mausoleum of Atatürk (Anıtkabir), Hacı Bayram Mosque and Ankara Castle. We do of course hope that will also avail yourselves of the beautiful meeting venue and all that it has to offer and take this opportunity to interact with other colleagues and students.

We are looking forward you to join us in Ankara in May 2016.

Let’s meet in 2nd ForeTox!

Zeliha Kayaaltı Parvez Haris Engin Tutkun Ankara Üniversitesi De Montfort University Bozok University

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 SPONSORS MAIN SPONSORS This conference is supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey) 2223-B Support Program for Scientific Activities with applied number of 1929B021600160

SPONSORS

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

HOST

Ankara University De Montfort University

Centre for Labour and Social Security Training and Research (ÇASGEM)

Society of Forensic Ankara University Institute

Toxicology of Forensic Sciences

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 CONTRIBUTORS

Ankara Hospital of Occupational Ankara University Diseases Coordination of Environment

Yıldırım Beyazıt University

Federation of Autism Associations Bozok University

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 HONORARY PRESIDENT Erkan İBİŞ, Rector, Ankara University, Türkiye

ORGANISING COMMITTEE Asım HOCAOĞLU, Turkish Medicine and Medical Device Agency, Türkiye

Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU, Faculty of Science & Letters Department of Biology, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Türkiye

Ceylan BAL, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Türkiye

Dilek KAYA AKYÜZLÜ, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

Emrah DURAL, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy, Türkiye

Esra BALCIOĞLU, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

Ezgi Nur KAFKAS, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

F. Duygu ÖZEL DEMİRALP, Ankara University Biomedical Engineering, Türkiye

Fezile ÖZDEMİR, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

Hınç YILMAZ, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Türkiye

Kenan Can TOK, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

Lütfiye TUTKUN, Department of Medical Biochemisrty, Bozok University, Türkiye

Nesrin İÇLİ, Kastamonu University Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences

Pınar TARGAN, Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

Servet B. İRİTAŞ, Council of Forensic Medicine, Türkiye

Yasemin KARTAL, Hacettepe University, Faculty Of Medicine, Physiology Department, Türkiye

SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY Ceylan BAL, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Türkiye Dilek AKYÜZLÜ, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PRESIDENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATION COMMITTEES

Ahmet AYDIN, Vice Rector, Yeditepe University, Türkiye

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Ahmet AYDIN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Türkiye

Ahmet BAŞARAN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Türkiye

Ahmet DOĞRUL, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Türkiye

Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD, Executive Officer of Mohit Palayesh Aria Company, Payame Noor University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research; Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Ali Faruk AŞICIOĞLU, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Türkiye

Ali KOÇAK, Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, USA

Ali Rıza TÜMER, Associated Professor and Head of Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye

Ann C. OLSSON, Environment and Radiation section, IARC, Lyone, France

Aristidis Micheal TSATSAKIS, Department of Forensic Sciences& Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

Aslıhan AVCI, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Türkiye

Asuman SUNGUROĞLU, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Türkiye

Ayla Sevim EROL, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language, History And Geography, Ankara University, Türkiye

Belma KOÇER- GÜMÜŞEL, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Türkiye

Benay Can EKE, Faculty 44of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Buket ALPERTUNGA, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, Türkiye

Cemal AKAY, Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Türkiye

Chang- En PU, Deputy Director General at MJIB, Taiwan

Chung-Feng WANG, Division of Forensic Science, MJIB, Taiwan

David OSSELTON, Director of Forensic Toxicology Services, UK

Elizabet PAUNOVIC, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Belgrade, Sırbia

Emanuela CORSINI, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy

Emanuela TESTAI, Senior/ Executive Scientist at Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute for Health), Rome, Italy

Emrah DURAL, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy, Türkiye

Engin TUTKUN, Department of Public Health, Bozok University, Türkiye

Ersi ABACI KALFOĞLU, Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Türkiye

Eun-Kee PARK, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, South Korea

F. Duygu Özel DEMİRALP, Ankara University Biomedical Engineering, Türkiye

Ferhunde ÖKTEN, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University, Türkiye

Feride SEVERCAN, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Türkiye

Figen ÜNLÜ ERKOÇ, Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Türkiye

Grigorios LEON, President of the Hellenic Society of Forensic Medicine

Gülden OMURTAG, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul Medipol University, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Habibul AHSAN, Department of Health Studies, The University of Chicago, USA

Hande GÜRER ORHAN, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ege University, Türkiye

Harri ALENIUS, Nanosafety Research Centre at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Heidi FOTH, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther University, Germany

Hilal İLBARS, Turkish Medicine and Medical Device Agency, Türkiye

Hilmi ORHAN, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ege University, Türkiye

Hınç YILMAZ, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Türkiye

Hülya KOYUNCU, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Türkiye

Hülya YÜKSELOĞLU, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Türkiye

İsmet ÇOK, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Türkiye

Jelle VLAANDEREN, Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

John M. BUTLER, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg USA

Jordan MINOV, Institute for Occupational Health of R. Macedonia

Katerina KANAKI, Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Crete, Greece

Lode GODDERIS, Centre for Environment and Health of the University of Leuven, Belgium

Miral DİZDAROĞLU, NIST Fellow Biomolecular Measurement Division, USA

Mukaddes GÜRLER, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Türkiye

Münevver AÇIKKOL, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Türkiye

Mustafa KARAPİRLİ, The Ministry of Justice, The Council of Forensic Medicine, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Nebile DAĞLIOĞLU, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Türkiye

Neslihan Aygün KOCABAŞ, Global Toxicologist at Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Belgium

Nilgün ŞEN, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkish National Police Academy, Türkiye

Nurşen BAŞARAN, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Türkiye

Onur ERDEM, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Türkiye

Parvez I. HARIS, School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, UK

Paul SHATTOCK, President of World Autism Organization Chairman of Education and Services for People with Autism Director of Sunderland University, UK and Chairman of ESPA (Education and Services for People with Autism), UK

Prosun BHATTACHARYA, KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

Rafig GURBANOV, Department of Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University, Türkiye

Salih CENGİZ, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Türkiye

San Chang CHYUEH, Chief of Toxicology, Bureau of Investigation, Ministry of Justice, TAIWAN, Republic Of China

Sanaa Ishag Ahmed ELRASHEED, Faculty of public and Environmental Health, Khartoum University, Sudan.

Selda MERCAN, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Türkiye

Sema BURGAZ, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Türkiye

Semra BENZER, Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Semra SARDAŞ, Head of Pharmacogenetics and Drug Safety Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy Toxicology Department, Marmara University, Türkiye

Serap Annette AKGÜR, Institute of Addiction, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ege University, Turkey

Seung HOON LEE, Korea Environment Corporation, Ministry of Environment, Kore

Sibel Ayşıl ÖZKAN, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Türkiye

Sibel SÜZEN, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemisrty, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Türkiye

Sinan SÜZEN, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Türkiye

Sreeparna BANERJEE, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Türkiye

Sultan ÇOBANOĞLU, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Türkiye

Vesna MATOVIC, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović” Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

William SHAW, Director of Great Plain Laboratory, USA and Advisor of CDC and Smith Kline Laboratory Director of Great Plain Laboratory Advisor of CDC and Smith Kline Laboratory, USA

Yalçın DUYDU, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Türkiye

Yalçın ÖZKAN, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Türkiye

Yıldırım Beyatlı DOĞAN, Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Türkiye

Zeliha KAYAALTI, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Türkiye

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

ABSTRACTS

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

50. YIL AUDITORIUM Oral Presentations

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PLENARY SESSION I

DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN CANCER Miral DIZDAROGLU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA

Oxygen- and nitrogen-derived reactive species are constantly generated in living organisms by endogenous and exogenous sources. Reactions of reactive species such as free radicals with DNA cause the formation of multiple mutagenic and cytotoxic lesions, leading to genetic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. DNA repair mechanisms exist in living organisms to repair DNA lesions. Most effective cancer treatments work by causing DNA damage in malignant tumors. Just like in normal cells, however, DNA repair also exist in cancer cells. Thus, understanding of how DNA lesions are repaired is essential for the understanding of cancer development and treatment. Cancer cells develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal cells by overexpressing DNA repair proteins. Increased DNA repair capacity that removes DNA lesions before they become toxic is a major mechanism for development of resistance to therapy. Knowledge of DNA repair capacity and levels of DNA repair proteins may be a predictive biomarker for patient response to therapy, and guide development of novel treatments. DNA repair proteins constitute targets for inhibitors to overcome the therapy resistance. Inhibitors of DNA repair proteins for combination therapy or for monotherapy as single drugs may help selectively kill tumors, potentially leading to personalized therapy. Over the past decade, a variety of inhibitors have been developed for various DNA repair proteins and are being tested in clinical trials. The efficacy of some inhibitors in therapy has been successfully demonstrated in patients. More developments of inhibitors of DNA repair proteins are globally underway to help eradicate cancer.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

I. SESSION

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE CAUSATION OF AUTISM AND RELATED DISORDERS Paul Edward Gilbert SHATTOCK President of World Autism Organization, UK

It is now generally, but not universally, accepted that there is an increase in the incidence of autism in most parts of the world. It follows, therefore, that there must be environmental factors involved in the causation of the symptoms. These environmental factors will people who are genetically sensitive to these particular factors. It is most likely that the environmental factors and, therefore the genetic predispositions will vary with the time and the place. Each individual will be different and so will the treatments which are applicable to reduce the problems.

There are numerous possible environmental toxins which can affect individuals and it is likely that it is rarely going to be just one factor in isolation. The factors end to interact and can be synergistic. Amongst the numerous candidate factors are elements of the diet (especially gluten and casein); pesticides (particularly organophosphates); variations in intestinal bacteria; heavy metals (especially mercury) and infections and perhaps vaccines. In some cases, deficiencies of particular vitamins and minerals or unsaturated fatty acids can be factors. Understanding the clinical history of each individual subject together with supportive evidence from comparatively simple blood or urine tests can be used to inform and devise individualised treatment regimes. It is the responsibility of the professional to take detailed clinical histories of the subject and their families; to identify the individual symptoms and other signs which may not appear to be clinically relevant; to perform appropriate metabolic tests and monitor the results of each change, positive or negative, as the therapeutic programme is implemented.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION CONTAMINATION AND TOXICITY Salih CENGIZ Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Turkey

In this presentation the attendees will learn heavy metal contamination and pollution on air and environment, animal and human exposure. Toxic effects and mechanisms on functional molecules such as proteins and enzymes, analytical procedures of analysis in prediction of toxicity.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

METAL NEUROTOXICITY Kürşat Bora ÇARMAN Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osmangazi University, Turkey

Metal neurotoxicity has address the molecular, pathological, and functional responses of central and peripheral nervous systems. Lead, mercury, arsenic, manganese and aluminum are the most common neurotoxic metals.

Lead: Lead occurs naturally in trace amounts in soil, rocks and water. Acute lead encephalopathy is most commonly seen in occupationally exposed adults or in children following ingestion of lead-containing items. Children tend to present with lethargy, confusion, ataxia and impaired motor functions, and irritability. Hallucinations, seizures, and coma can occur in patients. Brain edema occurs with higher levels of exposure and can mimic a mass lesion with papilledema, positive Babinski sign, and even focal or lateralizing deficits. Neurological sequelae are more persistent in children, with the most profound effect on intelligence quotient levels.

Mercury: Mercury has three forms, elemental, organic, and inorganic forms. Neurological manifestations of methylmercury toxicity range from mild paresthesias and tremor to severe ataxia, spasticity, seizure, memory loss, insomnia, hallucination and visual and hearing loss. Encephalopathy may be a prominent feature and in severe cases may progress to coma and death. The rate of encephalopathy depends on the rate of peripheral metabolism and their ability to cross the blood brain barrier.

Arsenic: Arsenic is used in different industries. Neurotoxicity can result in a profound leukoencephalopathy following either acute or chronic exposures. Acute toxicity primarily manifests as confusion, with headache initially. In the hours to days following, delirium, hallucinations, and seizures may occur. Diffuse encephalopathy at may be profound as well. Chronic encephalopathy is more commonly caused by exposure to organic than inorganic arsenic. Chronic arsenic encephalopathy generally manifests with confusion and irritability. Paranoid delusions and auditory or visual hallucinations can occur. Brain imaging and EEG is often normal.

Manganese: Manganese (Mn) is essential and act as cofactor for several enzymatic reactions in human body.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

The classic and most prominent manifestation of Mn toxicity is parkinsonism, but encephalopathy also occurs with both acute and chronic exposures. Acute toxicity can cause frank psychosis, with visual and auditory hallucinations, euphoria, and compulsive behaviors. Headache, irritability, and memory disturbance can be seen with acute or chronic Mn encephalopathy. With continued exposure, behavioral changes progress. Emotional lability, compulsive laughter, and hallucinations may all present before the appearance of the typical motor features. Tremor, dysarthria, increased tone, and gait disturbance occur relatively late in the process. Brain magnetic imaging studies reveals increased signal on T1-weighted images within basal ganglia.

Aluminum: Encephalopathy is a primary feature of acute or chronic aluminum toxicity. Motor incoordination, poor memory, impaired cognition, and depression are the hallmark symptoms.

Dialysis-induced encephalopathy is due to the toxic effects of aluminum in dialysis fluid and in the phosphate binders used in dialysis patients. This syndrome occurs in patients after 2 to 7 years of dialysis. Often presenting initially with isolated speech abnormalities, neurological symptoms progress at varying rates and include episodic confusion, behavioral changes, myoclonus, seizures, and frank dementia. Blood levels can be used to evaluate patients with potential aluminum toxicity.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

II. SESSION

THE IMPORTANCE OF KINETICS AND INTERINDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: A HELP FOR FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Emanuela TESTAI Istituto Superiore di Sanità- Mechansism of Toxicity Unit Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Roma Italy *[email protected]

The quantitative assessment of the extent and time of exposure to chemicals able to induced toxicity including fatal outcome or to impair behavior in humans are essential information also in forensic medicine, which includes detection and identification of the presence of drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs. Indeed, postmortem forensic toxicology is used in investigations to establish whether or not drugs were the cause or contributing factor in death; human performance toxicology is used to evaluate the effect of alcohol/drug in driving and at the workplace; forensic medicine can be involved in the evaluation of illegal drug consumption.

Generally, in toxicological risk assessment only the extent of the external exposure is available, although it is recognized that measuring internal exposure is much more relevant for establishing a dose-response relationship. However, in forensic medicine the situation is the other way round, being the internal dose more frequently available. Starting from external exposure, the estimate of the internal one (or vice vice in reverse dosimetry) depends on availability of information about the absorption, distribution in the body, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of a chemical, usually referred to as toxicokinetics (TK). Many of the enzymes and transporters involved in TK processes are genetically polymorphic, that is they are present in different forms among individuals. The activity of specific enzymes can also differ depending on age, gender, pathological conditions and also due to exposure to other chemicals (drugs, alcohol, smoking habits) since many enzymes are inducible or can be irreversibly inhibited, As a consequence any biomarkers of exposure (i.e. alcohol in blood) reflect also the individual’s response determined by genetic and acquired factors, making also quite different the time course of elimination from the body of a chemical. This in turn also determined a different individual susceptibility to the action of drug/chemical/poisons. Examples relevant to forensic toxicology will be presented.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN SOLVING FORENSIC CASES Ersi Abaci KALFOGLU Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Turkey

Personalized medicine investigates individual genetic variations in susceptibility to the foreseen effects of a drug or of xenobiotics. Indeed, adverse drug reactions can cause morbidity or mortality and different subjects with the same diagnosis could respond differently to the same drug administered at the same dose. There is a series of causes for this, one of them being genetic make-up or polymorphisms. The human genomic sequence varies at the level of 0.1 %, meaning that there are several millions of nucleotide differences between individuals. This genetic diversity that is expected to have no functional significance may be the cause for death, severe disability, and heterogeneous capacity of each individual to respond to xenobiotics. The detection of these variations has been facilitated the last years by the enormous development that has been achieved in the field of genetics. Personalized medicine promises to optimize therapy and minimize side effects on the one hand and on the other can provide insight to issues of legal medicine like drug related deaths, unintentional poisoning and generally cases where the cause of death is unclear. As an example, substance abuse which is a public health problem worldwide has both genetic and environmental causes. Knowledge of genetic factors may enable the individualization of prevention and treatment of drug addiction. Malpractice cases due to drug administration may be examined in a person- based manner for a precise result. Although the technology seems highly promising, still a serious amount of research is required in order to safely use the idea in the medico-legal context because justice is not ready to introduce this new concept easily to its system.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PHARMACOGENETICS ROLE IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY H. Sinan SUZEN Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Tandogan-Ankara, Turkey

Accidental or deliberate deaths caused by chemicals are of always great interest throughout the human history. Forensic toxicology is one of the oldest branches in toxicological sciences and its main task is isolation, identification, quantification and interpretation of poisonings that cause injury or death. Multidisciplinary approach is the best rational solution in the investigation of a medico legal cause of death. Experienced professionals from toxicology, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, genetics forensic medicine and pathology are contributing to explanation of unexpected death especially in challenging cases. Considerable number of people dies each year as a result of adverse drug reactions to prescription medications. Many factors have influence on medicine related deaths including patient characteristics (condition of liver and kidney, age, gender, weight, and number of comorbidities), drug administration (dosage, administration route, number of concomitant drugs), environmental factors and finally individual genetic make-up. Recent advances in understanding the human genome and the development of new technologies using DNA as an analytical sample together within toxicology field are of great interest for cause of death investigation in drug induced morbidity and mortality. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the influence of genetic variations on medicine response and development of adverse drug reactions. These genetic variations are indels, gene deletions, duplications, micro- and macrosatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In human genome some of these differences cause altered protein, truncated protein or unstable protein in drug metabolising enzymes, drug transporters and receptors. Since pharmaceutical agents are one of the most commonly identified causes of adverse events, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, the application of pharmacogenetics in forensic toxicology may provide a rational basis for the understanding of various drug associated fatalities.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

III. SESSION

UNDERESTIMATED RISK ON HUMAN HEALTH BY PESTICIDE USE H. FOTH1, J. WIESE1, H. DESEL2, N. BASARAN3 1Martin Luther University, Halle Saale, Germany 2Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany 3Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

Pesticides are in common use as biocides or plant protection products in almost all areas where people live and work. They are designed by their action to kill pests, to protect products from damage or to raise crops for food and feed. They have by their nature a toxic property and are regulated by a well designed legal regulation that fills the purpose to counterbalance the desired toxic action on pests with the level of protection of human health and environment from toxic damage by pesticides. The process of approval of active compounds and of formulated products applies technical rules to address hazardous end points and to set the conditions of tolerable use. The concept is only as strong as the data on real use of plant protection products are collected in a mode that enables control in a reasonable regional dimension. These data are widely missed. It is unclear whether the allowed conditions of use are obeyed in reality and whether the high frequency of use of products in combination or in series (cocktail effect) still meet the goal to prevent damage. Biodiversity is already strongly impaired and thus ecosystem services are being lost. Toxicological experties is needed to transform hazard based concepts to a risk based modus that focus on sensitive endpoints and takes into account long term effects that are now visible after decades of pesticide use.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STATE DUE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN POWER PLANT WORKERS Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD1*, Tahereh SADEGHI1, Asma BAHRANIFARD1, Samira SHAHRJERDI2, Kobra RAHZANI 3, Mohammad ABDOLLAHI4 1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of physical therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 3Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran 4Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science

Oxidative stress due to EMFs may be a main contributing factor in metabolic reactions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of EMFs on oxidative stress and cognitive neuropsychological disorders in power plant workers in comparison with controls and determine the relationship between them. This study designed as a cross-sectional study with a control group. The research sample was included 66 steel power plant workers who were exposed to EMFs more than five years and 35 well-matched workers with no EMFs exposure. The assessment was carried out by measuring serum level of biochemical parameters such as FBS (fasting blood sugar), triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL (high- density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and DNA damage. Additionally, all participants were assessed by cognitive neuropsychological and psychosocial questionnaires (SNI, SCL90). All data were analyzed by T-test, Multivariate analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed that FBS level among workers was significantly lower in comparison to control group. Additionally, AST and HDL were significantly higher in workers. According to cognitive subscales, non verbal memory, attention and executive functions were significantly lower in EMFs-exposed subjects. Moreover, the psychological subscales; somatization obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism were significantly increased in the exposed. There was a converse relationship between DNA damage and OBS, DEP, PAR and PSY and Positive Symptoms Total. The EMFs exposure could reflect the oxidative stress increment resulting in a decrease in blood glucose level and the liver function markers. Furthermore, the neurocognitive parameters are influenced by EMFs that could be a consequence of oxidative stress in central nervous system. Also, DNA damage and marked neuropsychological disorders were evident

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 in the workers. Hence it is necessary to consider the precise effect of EMFs on all living organisms in order to provide safety condition in the workplaces.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN POTTERY AND CERAMIC WORKERS Nursen BASARAN1*, Hatice Gul ANLAR1,2, Merve BACANLI1, Mohammed SHUBAIR3, Ceylan BAL4, Engin TUTKUN5, Hinc YILMAZ4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey 3Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine 4Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, 06100, Ankara, Turkey 5Department of Public Health, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey During the last decade, the production and hence, the amount and the types of exposure of hazardous chemicals have been increased in the occupationally exposed workers. Most of these chemicals have deterious effects in the living systems. The level of chemical exposure in the occupational settings and the biomonitoring of workers and also establishing the regulatory endpoints are very important. The exposures of chemicals in the workplaces have been associated with the increase in allergy, organ and system disorders and cancer. Therefore, the removal of these hazardous substances or the substitutions of them with non- toxic ones are necessary for the protection of workers’ health. In a large variety of occupations such as pottery and ceramic industry, workers may be exposed to the many chemicals mainly to crystalline silica. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust is related to an increased risk for pulmonary diseases such as silicosis, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. The genotoxic changes as assessed by comet assay in foundry and ceramic workers will be given. In the presentation, the effects of age, smoking, alcohol and protective equipment usage on the genotoxicity parameters will also be discussed.

This study was funded by a grant from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project number: 115S079 and 199S200).

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

IV. SESSION

FORENSIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTRIBUTION OF TAIWAN Chang En PU Director of Forensic Science Division, the Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice, Taiwan

Taiwan forensic science laboratory system was started from police department under Ministry of Interior Affairs in 1945, then the labs under Ministry of Justice was developed from 1956, and till 1997 the traditionally complete system was developed including medical examiner system, toxicology, forensic chemistry, forensic biology, Questioned document examination, Polygraph, Speaker identification, etc. In 2006, the first Cyber forensic lab was established, by then labs needed for modern society were all set up. Besides providing forensic services, the labs also support international training programs accepting foreign students or sending scientist to give lectures abroad. In research, for example the current topic of forensic toxicology is to determine the absence or presence of new designer drugs and their metabolites in human tissues and other materials by LC/MS/MS and GC/MS/MS, and characterize the origin of drug metabolites in urines to distinguish the drug metabolite is from the drug seizure or not by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) with GC or pyrolyzer inlet. According to the well designed SOP more than 120 new designer drugs and their metabolites in urines or hairs can be detected simultaneously by LC/MS/MS and GC/MS/MS. There are four main forensic lab systems in this country, providing internationally certified (ISO17025) forensic reports estimated 40,000 a year to the judicial system, also trying the best to provide anticrime information from routine forensic analysis and planned research project.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PERSPECTIVES OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN THE GREEK NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM Katerina KANAKI Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Crete *[email protected]

The practice of Forensic Medicine in Greece is organized in such a way that three systems are running in parallel, the University System, the Forensic Service System of the Ministry of Justice and the National Health System. The Forensic Services are organized in a centralized model with the central office in Athens having jurisdiction in continental Greece under the provisions of law 3772/2009. There are five University Departments and four forensic doctors in the National Health System. There is a lack of forensic services mainly in the islands and in the peripheral cities of the country. Exception is the island of Crete where the three systems are fully developed. The vacancies are impossible to be covered by the University Departments or by the Forensic Services in a sufficient way so the only solution is the National Health System. This system is the best cost effective one as the Forensic Doctor uses the structure and the personnel of the existing Hospitals. Also this system will solve many problems of the Health system of the peripheral cities or islands as the right certification of death, the scientific selection of the cases for autopsy and the evaluation of clinical forensic cases. The Greek National Health System of Forensic Medicine has to be strengthened as the third main branch of the Greek National System of Forensic Medicine. In this way a complete system of Forensic Services will be available for the country in total.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

THE FUTURE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AS A MEDICAL SPECIALTY IN GREECE AND IN THE EU Grigorios LEON President of the Hellenic Society of Forensic Medicine *[email protected]

Legal and Forensic Medicine is the application of medical knowledge and methodology for the resolution of legal questions and problems for individuals and society. Its core activities are Clinical Forensic Medicine and Forensic Pathology, but other areas of science and expertise including forensic toxicology, forensic psychiatry, forensic genetics, forensic anthropology may be required depending on the nature of the case. The aim is to confront the existing European and USA specialty programs of Legal and Forensic Medicine and to propose e new specialty program for Greece and for the EU according to the European documents and the national and international bibliography. The new program of Legal and Forensic Medicine has to have, as major topics the following: 1. Thanatology and Forensic Pathology, 2. Clinical Forensic Medicine, 3. Medical Law and related Jurisprudence. The training period should be a minimum of 4 years full-time work. Basic knowledge of Forensic Sciences and training in laboratory has to be included. The results of this presentation should also be useful for formulating future training objectives as forensic medicine becomes progressively more integrated with other forensic science disciplines.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PLENARY SESSION II TOXICOGENOMIC ANALYSES OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE, METABOLISM AND TOXICITY Habibul AHSAN The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Human exposure to arsenic is a major public health issue in many countries. A wide range of health effects including cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are implicated with human exposure. While the health risks are widely known, the molecular and genomic basis of arsenic exposure, metabolism and toxicity in human is not well understood. We have conducted some of the largest and most comprehensive investigations investigating these aspects. First, we identified the AS3MT gene (arsenite methyltransferase; 10q24.32) variants to be associated with arsenic metabolism and toxicity. In a follow-up investigation, we are sequencing the AS3MT gene among a large number of participants from Bangladesh and US to identify variants in the gene that predicts disease risks. Among a large sample of participants with available genome-wide SNP, gene expression and DNA methylation data, we evaluated differential gene expressions and methylations in relation to arsenic exposure. These analyses identified a large number of arsenic-associated genes from various biological pathways, revealing a number of molecular targets of arsenic exposure in humans. In conclusion, our integrated toxicogenomic analyses identified specific genetic susceptibility variants as well as arsenic-associated differentially methylated and expressed genomic signatures which may inform mechanisms underlying arsenic metabolism and toxicity and also potential pathways for future interventions.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

V. SESSION

PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT FROM CHEMICALS – WHO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE PERSPECTIVE Elizabet PAUNOVIC Head of WHO European Center for Environment and Health, Bonn

WHO Regional Office for Europe, through WHO European Centre for Environment and Health (WHO ECEH) contributes to the implementation of some global initiatives in the area of chemical safety, especially through to the implementation of multilateral global and regional agreements, such as Strategic Approach to Chemicals management (SAICM), International Health Regulations (IHR), and Parma Declaration on Environment and Health and encouraging national governments and international organizations to develop policies and strengthen legislation to protect human health and the environment from negative impacts of chemicals. In the sustainable development perspective, the chemicals and health agenda needs to expand beyond addressing immediate health impacts of exposures, to take into account indirect implications of chemicals throughout their life cycle, including resource use, controlling occupational and environmental exposures, while enhancing healthy workplaces and fair social conditions. The assessment performed by WHO ECEH in 2015, showed that only few countries specifically addressed exposures and risks prevention from priority carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic chemicals and endocrine disrupting chemicals, and less than half of the countries have a legal basis for prohibition of use of dangerous chemicals in products destined to children and protection of places where children learn and play. Promoting consideration of human health impacts of chemicals throughout their life-cycle in a sustainability perspective is of utmost importance. Exploring health, environmental and social benefits of the sustainable production and use of chemicals in line with a ‘non-toxic environment’ concept should pave the way forward.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENS IN EUROPE: PAST AND PRESENT EXPOSURES IN RELATION TO LUNG CANCER RISK Ann OLSSON Environment and Radiation Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), France

Lung cancer is the most common occupational cancer and it has been estimated that around 15% of lung cancer among men and 5% in women are due to occupational exposures. In the SYNERGY project, we have pooled data from fourteen case-control studies conducted between 1985 and 2010 in Europe and Canada, including 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 controls with detailed information on tobacco habits and lifetime occupations. A quantitative job-exposure-matrix (SYN-JEM) was developed to estimate job-, time period-, and region-specific exposure levels for asbestos, respirable crystalline silica (RCS), chromium, nickel, and benzo (a) pyrene. Exposure levels were calculated for each subject by linking SYN-JEM with individual occupational histories. The lung cancer risks were estimated for the single carcinogens and in association with smoking. The detailed smoking information allowed a precise adjustment for smoking, and the large dataset enabled us to estimate the risks also in relevant subgroups like never smokers. Overall, we observed a dose-dependent increase of the lung cancer risk for all carcinogens that was more pronounced for squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer than for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Exposure trends in Europe have overall been decreasing in the past 50 years. This phenomenon is the result of long-term investments in occupational health and safety, i.e. training, surveillance, research, and improved technology. In light of the last years economic crisis around the world it is important to ensure that these positive trends continue and spread to all countries in order to improve occupational health worldwide.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

MECHANISMS OF NANOMATERIAL INDUCED INFLAMMATION Harri ALENIUS Systems Toxicology Team and Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have characteristics that are unique to material offering numerous possibilities to improve the properties of old products and create completely new ones. The rapidly expanding use of ENM will bring hundreds of millions of people in contact with ENM during the next few years. Due to the worldwide use of nanotechnologies, it is crucial to acquire up-to-date knowledge on health effects to avoid any potential risks. Some of the properties that make ENM so unique and beneficial for technological applications may also endanger human health through the potential induction of cytotoxicity, inflammation and even cancer. These features include a large surface area to mass ratio, increased surface reactivity, altered physico-chemical properties, electrical conductivity, or changes in the crystalline structure of the ENM. Evidence already exits that exposure to certain type of ENM elicit adverse health effects in experimental models, thus justifying the precautionary approach in assessing risks of ENM. Such effects include the ENM induced pulmonary inflammation in experimental animals. In addition, recent observations reveal that needle-like fibrous CNT may induce asbestos-like granuloma formation and increase the likelihood of mesotheliomas in tumor prone mouse strain. In addition to healthy individuals, a large part of the population has impaired health conditions that may make them more susceptible to develop health problems from ENM exposure. In this presentation recent understanding on the mechanisms of ENM induced inflammation will be discussed. It will be also discussed how exposure to ENM affects on vulnerary population such as patients with allergic diseases.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

VI. SESSION

EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS BY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE Lode GODDERIS Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centre for Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium * [email protected]

Occupational factors contribute significantly to global burden of chronic diseases like cancer and neurobehavioural disorders. A clear understanding of underlying mechanisms is crucial for prevention. Epigenetics is currently of major interest, as it provides insight in how cells respond to environmental stimuli. In order to investigate whether occupational exposure induces epigenetic alterations similar as observed in chronic diseases, we carried out several translation studies in workers exposed to solvents and carbon nanotubes to validate DNA methylation alterations observed in in vitro and animal studies. Global DNA methylation and demethylation patterns were studied using LC-MS/MS. Genome-wide assessment of DNA methylation was performed with Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Array. Levels of methylation of specific genes were measured by pyrosequencing. We observed in lab settings, global DNA hypomethylation in TK6 cells after exposure to several solvents. DNA hypermethylation was observed in blood DNA of individuals working with solvents. Carbon nanotubes altered in vitro methylation and gene expression levels of 17 genes involved in the regulation of transcription, cell development and other cellular processes. In mice, nanoparticles affected methylation of ATM gene but not the global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels. In exposed workers a significant hypermethylation was observed for DNMT1 in bloodcells. Occupationl exposure to solvents and particles induce global and gene specific DNA methylation alterations. It remains to be investigated which epigenetic response to occupational stressors leads to pathological signalling events initiating the disease process.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES AND WORKPLACE EXPOSURES Jordan MINOV Institute for Occupational Health of R. Macedonia, Skopje – WHO Collaborating Center

In the last decades chronic airway obstructive diseases became the most common work- related respiratory disorders, as well as a relevant global public health problem. Workplace exposures may reactivate asthma in individuals who have been asymptomatic for years, may aggravate pre-existing asthma, or may cause new onset asthma in a healthy subject. Based on the causal relationship, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical features, two conditions should be distinguished in the spectrum of work-related asthma (WRA): occupational asthma (OA), i.e. new-onset asthma caused by occupational exposure and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA), i.e. pre-existing or coincident asthma worsened by workplace exposures. It is necessary to identify the separate types of WRA since their patophysiological consequences, medical and preventive management, and legislative aspects differ significantly. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of disability and is the fourth leading cause of death throughout the world. Although the cigarette smoking is the major and the best studied causative factor of COPD, there is consistent evidence that a substantial proportion of COPD cases can not be explained by smoking. The development of COPD as a consequence of workplace exposures is a matter of growing interest, and not a little controversy. There is no doubt that certain workplace exposures enhance the risk of COPD and may do so independently of or in concert with cigarette smoking. The recognizing of these disorders is not always easy, but within reach of most respiratory and occupational physicians. Despite significant improvement in the knowledge, further investigations in this domain are necessary.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

APPLYING THE EXPOSOME CONCEPT IN STUDIES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES Jelle VLAANDEREN Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Uthrect University, The Netherlands

The “exposome” concept encompasses the totality of environmental (non-genetic) exposures from conception onwards, complementing the genome. Developments following the introduction of the exposome concept offer unprecedented opportunities for discovery of the causes and mechanisms of disease. New technologies such as the so-called “OMICS” biomonitoring approaches, but also the inventive use of existing exposure data can contribute to defining and measuring the exposome. Challenges in developing the exposome concept into a workable approach for epidemiological research include the integration of exposure uncertainty and variability, the integration of omics techniques, and the development of statistical techniques that can analyze the associations between exposome data and adverse health end points. Various European projects (e.g. ExposOmics, Helix) have started to implement the exposome, promising more integrated, holistic, ways of studying the environment over the life course. I will present examples from studies of both occupational and environmental exposures in which we applied the exposome concept, will discuss which difficulties we encountered, and will highlight where further research is needed.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

VII. SESSION

MOLECULAR AUTOPSY: GENERAL OVERVIEW AND APPLICATION Gokhan ERSOY Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey

Autopsy is an important tool in legal and medical area. Performing an autopsy has so benefits at the point of research, education and determining the cause and manner of death. Decision process at autopsy could be supported by molecular studies on DNA, RNA or proteomic content of the cells. Some of these works are still largely on research level, rather than a routine application. One of the most attractive topic in Molecular autopsy (MA) is sudden cardiac death at young people and children. Many cardiac conduction pathologies and cardiomyopathies has genetic basis, so diagnosing them by MA and informing the relatives would be warning. Pharmacogenetics is another field for MA. Genetic differences in metabolizing rate of drugs may lead diverse clinic results; including unexpected death. It would be important to demonstrate this genomic structure in suspect of both legal and illegal drug consuming. MA can also be useful for determining the manner and cause of death. Especially, asphyxia and violent deaths are most studied issues, in regard of differentiating the mechanism of death. Researches on human biologic clock may reveal clues for right estimation of time of death, in proximate future. Identification analysis of different body fluids and tissues has already done by several laboratories. Ongoing studies give hope to expose safe and clear results to be used.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

WARFARE CHEMICALS: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND LEGAL STATUS Sadık TOPRAK Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey

Terror actions and warfare threats are challenging tasks for scientific community and defense agencies around the globe. Chemical weapon use is considered as a serious war crime. For this reason, determining the use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in times of war or in acts of terrorism becomes an important task. Because of “for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons”, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was received the 2013 Nobel peace prize. From forensic pathology point of view CWAs-related suspected cases are one of the most difficult problems. Lack of reliable evidence and scientific information are major difficulties in this field. Scientific research on CWAs is mainly revolved around chemicals itself and metabolites/degradation materials. In this presentation physiological and morphological aspects associated with selected toxic chemical exposure from a mainly forensic pathology perspective are presented.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

FORENSIC PHARMACOGENETICS Selda MERCAN Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Toxicology Labs, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey *[email protected]

Drug therapy method has been practiced for centuries. However, responses to drugs are observed inter-individually variable and variation of responses may cause to adverse drug reactions or severe toxic reactions even that can lead to death. Inter- individual differences are based on the polymorphism of drug metabolising enzymes as well as age, gender, nutrition, co-medication and physiological conditions. Variation in drug response due to genetic differences is termed as “pharmacogenetics”. The slogan of this discipline is “Right patient, right drug, right time”. It is essential that the pharmacogenetics is needed to practice into forensic science. Forensic pharmacogenetic should be evaluated in terms of molecular autopsy. Information about an individual’s pharmacogenetic profile may possibly facilitate the interpretation of the postmortem result and contribute to solve the “toxicological puzzle”. Adverse drug reactions or deaths related especially codeine, warfarin, amitriptyline, fentanyl, antipsychotics should be considered on a preferential basis in the polymorphism of genes including CYP450s such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4. In this frame, conducted studies about forensic pharmacogenetics in Turkey will be presented and the importance of this developing field will be mentioned in company with samples. Some problems such as ethical, technical and economical about this newly developing area will be discussed.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

VIII. SESSION

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE IN EUROPE: PREVALENCE, PROBLEMS AND RISKS Ludwig KRAUS IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Deutschland; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Schweden Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD), Stockholm Universität, Stockholm, Schweden

Within the past decade, there has been a significant change in the area of drug use in Europe. Larger numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged on the market. The number of new drugs reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has increased from six new substances in the year 2004 (EMCDDA, 2005) to 101 new substances in 2014 (EMCDDA, 2015). With these substances come a unique set of risks and problems for the users, emergency personnel, and prevention and policy makers. The present presentation’s goal is to shed light on the extent of NPS consumption in Europe as well as the problems and the risks associated with these substances.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

DRUG POLICY AND DRUG ADDICTION IN TURKEY Mustafa Necmi İLHAN Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Public Health *[email protected]

The National Strategy Document on Drugs and Emergency Action Plan started with the contributions of all the relevant institutions within the year of 2014 was prepared and after that in accordance with the Prime Ministry Notice entitled Fight Against Drugs published within this scope, the committees for Fight Against Drugs were established (under the presidency of Deputy Prime Minister and with the help of Ministry of Health, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Ministry of Family and Social Policies, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Customs and Trade, Ministry of Youth and Sports and Ministry of National Education), 1. Fight Against Drugs Council composed of 15 workshops was carried out, and the final reports of the Council was evaluated and the works of National Strategy Document on Drugs and Emergency Action Plan were shaped (National Strategy Document on Fight Against Drugs, 2015). “National Strategy Document on Fight Against Drugs” and “Emergency Action Plan on Fight Against Drugs”, the preparatory works of which were started in 2014, were discussed and approved in the meeting of the High Council of Fight Against Drugs dated 20.01.2015, and brought into force. Drug Prevalance According to the TUBİM GPS Survey, lifetime usage frequency of use of cannabis as the most commonly used illegal substance in Turkey in the 15-64 age group, is found as 0.7%. While the usage in the last 12 months has been identified as % 0.3, it has been identified as 0.2% for the last month. According to the TUBİM GPS Survey, lifetime usage frequency of stimulants use is in Turkey in the 15-64 age group, is found as 0.1%. According to the TUBİM GPS Survey, lifetime usage frequency of cannabis use in Turkey in the 15-64 age group, is found as 0.02%, and in the age group of 15-34 as 0,05%. Since the first synthetic cannabinoids was captured in 2011, there has been an increase both in the amount captured and in the number of applications for treatment. The synthetic cannabinoid users that ranked in the second highest among the persons applying for treatment according to the application intensity compose of 15,81% of the treatment applicants in 2014. Furthermore, it is observed that the synthetic cannabinoid users applied for treatment (1681) in 2014 is 3,30 times higher than the previous year.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Prevention Fights against use of drugs have aspects within the scope of the responsibility of diverse institutions. The prevention activities carried out in Turkey basically depends on the provision of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey stipulating that “The State takes the necessary measures in order to protect the youth from addiction to alcohol, drugs, criminality, gambling and similar bad habits and from illiteracy. It is observed that most of the prevention activities are seminars, theatres, banner-brochure works or media programs that explain the damages caused by the drugs and the consequences of drug use. The preventive activities basically target the youngsters between the age of 15- 24, the age when most drug uses start, as well as families, teachers, public officials and non- governmental organizations. Treatment The number of treatment centres which was 26 in 2013 reached 32 in 2014. A standard form was used for treatment data collection. These forms were completed by data entry officers at the treatment centers according to the patients’ medical records. Duplicate cases were removed, and 7,265 patients were recorded in 2013. Out of 7,265 patients, 2,707 individuals (37.26%) reported that they used drugs by means of injection at least once in their lives. 2,204 people (30.34%) stated that they injected drugs within the last 30 days. Nearly all those who reported intravenous drug use within the last 30 days (2,201 people) preferred opiates. One person with benzodiazepine use reported injection within the last 30 days before the treatment. The most prevalent substance among opiates was heroin (2,155 people). Drug Market and Crime In accordance with the relevant articles of the Turkish Penal Code regulating drug offenses; Cannabis drug offenses remains in the first place among the other types of substances because of investigation by the law enforcement bodies of most cannabis on drug charges. The project named as “Narkotim” and motorized groups has started to implement on 11 provinces in order to fight against dealers more affectively in Turkey. The main aim of project is to protect the people from dealers and prevent drug reaching to public. In consequence of pilot application, successful results have been obtained in a short time. In 2013, 98,933 drug-related cases occurred throughout Turkey, and 148,121 suspects were arrested in relation to these cases. When the crime-related distribution of all 148,121 suspects arrested in Turkey in 2013 is analyzed, it is clear that 112,505 suspects (75.95%) were arrested for the

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 purchase/acceptance/possession of drugs with the intent to use (article 191 of TPC); 31,183 suspects (21.05%) for the production and trade of drugs (Article 188 of the TPC); five suspects for facilitating the use of drugs (Article 190 of the TPC); 4,407 suspects (2.98%) for the violation of the Law on the Supervision of Drugs No.2313; and 21 suspects (0.01%) for violation of the Law on Drugs No.3298.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

IX. SESSION

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF 32 NEW SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS IN HUMAN URINE AND HAIR BY LC-MS/MS Chung-Feng WANG Special Agent, Division of Forensic Science, MJIB, Taiwan

The extraction procedure and detection methods of new Synthetic Cannabinoids (ex: BB-22, SDB-005, THJ-018, JZL-195……etc.) for human urine and hair samples are in great need due to these new drugs are abused severely in recent years all over the world. Highly sensitive analytical techniques are therefore required for trace-level identification and quantification of these kinds of drugs. We report a fully validated method here developed by our team which could simultaneously determine 32 new Synthetic Cannabinoids in human urine and hair. We believe this method could be used in our daily analysis for authentic cases in Taiwan, and could also be adopted in other labs universally. The aim of our research was to develop a new method of simultaneous identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids in urine and hair. And this method must be practical, highly sensitive (down to picogram level), easily applicable, and carefully validated. Synthetic Cannabinoids from spiked urine or hair specimens were analyzed by LC-MS/MS with different pretreatments as follows: Urine Specimens 0.2 ml of each urine sample was adjusted to basic condition with 0.1 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide. After addition of deuterated internal standards, the urine sample was extracted by 1 ml ethyl acetate in an ultrasonic bath for 30 mins, and followed by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 5 mins. Subsequently, 1 ml of extraction solution was transferred to a glass tube and evaporated to dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen at 35 °C. The residue was reconstituted in 0.2 ml of mixture of water/ACN, 70/30 (v/v). Gradient elution was performed by an Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (5 um, 4.6 x150 mm) analytical column for LC-MS/MS instrumental system consisting of a QTrap 4500 triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer fitted with a TurboIonSpray interface by Applied Biosystems/Sciex (Germany) and a 1260 Infinity Quaternary LC system by Agilent (USA) . Hair Specimens A 10 mg portion of washed hair sample was added with 0.2 ng/mg deuterated internal standard and incubated at 40°C for 1 hour with 0.4 ml 1N sodium hydroxide. Subsequently, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed, the incubated hair sample was extracted with 1ml of

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 ethyl acetate. The organic solvent layer was transferred and gently evaporated to dryness in nitrogen at 35°C. The residue was dissolved in 0.2 ml mixture of water/ACN, 70/30 (v/v) and analyzed by the same condition just mentioned above in urine specimens. Validation of this new method for simultaneously qualitative and quantitative analysis of Synthetic Cannabinoids from spiked urine and hair samples by LC-MS/MS was fully performed. And over 12 authentic urine specimens were analyzed by this new method. Urine Specimens 32 Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) from spiked urine specimens were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) range from 0.05 ng/mL to 1 ng/mL (dependent on different SCs) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) range from 0.20 ng/mL to 5 ng/mL. Linearity is in the range between 0.2 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL for each compound (R2 value above 0.995). Mean relative errors are between ± 10.0%. Precision variances are all below 15.0%. Hair Specimens 32 SCs from spiked hair specimens were also analyzed by the same method. The limits of detection (LOD) range from 5 pg/mg to 20 pg/mg and the limits of quantification (LOQ) range from 10 pg/mg to 20 pg/mg. Linearity is in the range from 0.01 ng/mg to 2.0 ng/mg for each compound. Mean relative errors are between ± 10.0%. Precision variances are all below 15.0%. Highly specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of 32 novel Synthetic Cannabinoids in urine and hair by LC-MS/MS has been developed and successfully applied to real samples in Taiwan.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

A VALIDATED METHOD FOR SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS IN FORENSIC CASES Mukaddes GÜRLER Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University *[email protected]

The "new generation" synthetic cannabinoid called “bonsai” which is especially popular in the last few years in Turkey, is concerned as a threat to public health by increasing the use. Synthetic cannabinoids are man-made mind-altering chemicals that are either sprayed on dried, shredded plant material that can be smoked or sold as liquids to be vaporized and inhaled. In particular, they are common among teens and young and sold with warranties of pleasure given by arbitrary marijuana. Therefore, urgent health problems or deaths and crime rates are common in children and adolescents who are under effect of substances and not aware of their leading dangerous. However, these cases are not used for routine confirmation tests to determine the exact use of synthetic cannabinoids. Thereby our knowledge about the actual utilization rates remains low. Our laboratory is one of the first laboratories to establish the confirmation tests for synthetic cannabinoids in Turkey. We developed and validated a LC-MS-MS method by which we can determine fifteen synthetic cannabinoids simultaneously for now and we will enlarge our test panel in future due to the growing number of these designer drugs.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

X. SESSION

TARGETING CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 WITH A TARGETED LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION FOR COLORECTAL CANCER. Sreeparna BANERJEE Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in many different cancers; particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Liposomal drug delivery systems can be used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of CLX while minimizing its side effects. Cetuximab (anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor -EGFR- monoclonal antibody) is a promising targeting ligand since EGFR is highly expressed in a wide range of solid tumors. Dual targeting of EGFR and COX- 2 signaling may have additive or synergistic effects. Here, we describe an EGFR-targeted immunoliposome for enhancing the delivery of CLX to cancer cells. Cell association studies indicated that the immunoliposome uptake was higher in EGFR-overexpressing cells compared to the non-targeted liposomes. In addition, the CLX-loaded-anti-EGFR immunoliposomes were significantly more toxic compared to the non-targeted ones in cancer cells with EGFR-overexpression but not in the cells with low EGFR expression, regardless of their COX-2 expression status. Thus, selective targeting of CLX with anti-EGFR immunoliposomes appears to be a promising strategy for therapy of tumors that overexpress EGFR.

BAP-07-02-2014-004 and TÜBA-GEBİP

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA IN TURKEY DUE TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE Salih EMRI Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Turkey

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is still a public health problem in Turkey mainly due to environmental fibrous mineral exposure (FME; tremolite asbestos, erionite). Total incidence of MPM was estimated as 7.8 million inhabitants in Turkey. Exposure from domestic usage of asbestos contaminated soil is particularly important in rural areas in Central, East and Southeast of Turkey, whereas erionite is the responsible fibrous zeolite, particularly in three villages located in the Cappadocian region of Central Anatolia, namely Karain, Tuzköy and Sarıhıdır. Erionite has much more carcinogenic potency compared to asbestos and has lead to outbreaks of endemic mesothelioma in these villages before relocation of these villages to an erionite free area. Estimated annual incidence of mesothelioma in Turkey related to environmental exposure was approximately less than 1000 cases per 100.000 people in the erionite villages and 50 cases per million in Southeast Turkey. Although preventive measures were taken by educating villagers to avoid using asbestos contaminated soil for domestically and reloacating the erionite villages, illegally operated erionite quarries in Karacaören region is of concern for risk of new environmental MPM cases. In addition to Turkey’s natural geographical properties leading to high incidence of MPM currently there is an increasing risk of developing occupational mesothelioma due to extensive usage of asbestos in industry. Based on asbestos production and consumption data of U.S. Geological Survey, Turkey had imported a total amount of 350,000 tons of asbestos between 1940-2013. Therefore, we expect to diagnose 350 new occupational MPM cases per year especially after 2015 till 2040.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

PLENARY SESSION III A TOXICOLOGY INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IDENTIFY CAUSES OF DEATHS AND CHRONIC DISEASES LINKED TO XENOBIOTICS: EVALUATING HAZARDS AND PERSONALIZED RISKS Aristides M. TSATSAKIS Department of Toxicology & Forensic Science, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 71003, Greece

The complex issue of links between chemical exposures and health problems and diseasesis associated with multiple factors that are due to the expanding numbers of the chemical categoriesbeing present simultaneously or sequentially, the variety of mechanisms, mode of actions, adverse outcome pathways and effects involved but also on a large number of con- founders and also not less important to be encounteredsusceptibility due to genetics and epigenetics. Several epidemiological studies but also in vivo and in vitro experimental works showed that big majority of man produced consumer products even for dietary or life style purposes were found to act as endocrine disruptors, neurodevelopmental toxicants, immunotoxicants and carcinogensin animals and humans. Taking into consideration most recent aspects for risk assessment of individuals where exposure assessment is personalized through questionnaires, biomarkers monitoring, hazard assessment by hazard identification and hazard characterization for the substances the person is exposed, mixture interactions and concepts, susceptibility based on family records and genetic profile, omics, in vitro based on individual’ cells and diversity between in vivo and vitro data, also what is called early life exposure and epigenetics and the issue of endocrine disruption in conjunction with low dose effects and nonmonotonic responses we can realize the grounds and causation of the incomprehensible and hazy picture we face in our toxicology evaluations and the timely disagreement in facts among governmental and other international and authorial regulatory organizations throughout the world. It is a fact that as we expand the sphere of our knowledge in general we simultaneously expand the borders of our knowledge with ignorance. Being highly respectable to Socrates I suggest that the above sentence takes a step forward and clarifies for the public the deep meaning of the Socrates statement‘’ I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance’’. Evaluating effects due to biologically active compounds (xenobiotics, toxicants) is considered a multifactorial task that needs an integrated and systematic approach not only for long term actions but often for acute or sub chronicactions. Since such evaluations are highly work load and time consuming a sophisticated approach to identify the dominant actions and effects are in need. Such evaluation approaches will be

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 presented for cases of different types of exposure related effects in forensic cases and chronic diseases.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XI. SESSION

Cd AND PCBs AS THYROID DISRUPTORS: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF THEIR TOXICITY AND INTERACTIONS Vesna MATOVIC, Aleksandra BUHA Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade

Human and wildlife populations all over the world are exposed to more than 800 endocrine disrupting chemicals, cadmium (Cd) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) being among them. However, data on Cd and PCBs effects as thyroid disruptors are limited, especially at low level exposure and particularly on the mixture of these ubiquitous pollutants. Thus, we investigated the effect of 28-days oral treatment of rats with six different doses of Cd or PCBs (ranging from 0.3-10 mg Cd/kg b.w. or 0.5-16 mg PCBs/kg b.w.), while nine groups were treated with different dose combinations of Cd and PCBs (1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg Cd/kg b.w./day with 2,4 or 8 mg PCBs/kg b.w./day). Our results showed that oral treatment of rats with different doses of Cd during 28 days induced dose-dependent decrease of serum triiodothyroxine (T3) while statistically significant reduction of thyroxine (T4) was observed for doses ≥1.5 mg Cd/kg b.w. revealing that T3 hormone is more sensitive to Cd than T4. This finding suggests that Cd interferes with thyroid function predominantly at extrathyroidal level. PCBs, on the other hand, showed more profound effects on T4 hormone levels presumably as the result of PCBs direct effect on thyroid gland. The results on the effects of co-exposure to Cd and PCBs on T3 and T4 hormones, analyzed using methodology based on the differences in slopes of dose–response curves, indicated synergistic interactions between these two chemicals for the effects on thyroid function, i.e. levels of thyroid hormones in serum. Further intensive scientific work is needed to improve our understanding of the impacts of thyroid disruptors on human health and thus decrease the rise of thyroid-related diseases and disorders.

This work was partly financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development (Grant No. III4600)

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

THE EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON HUMAN CELLS AND PROTEINS INVESTIGATED USING SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES Parvez I. HARIS De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom *[email protected]

An understanding of the molecular details of the interaction between arsenic compounds and human cells and macromolecules is important for countering the harmful effects of arsenic and developing new drugs. Unfortunately, studies in this area is limited. We have been applying spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy to investigate the effects of different arsenic compounds on human cell lines. Large changes in the spectra of cells were seen in the presence of some arsenic compounds that could be attributed to alterations in proteins and lipids. Our findings suggest that MALDI-TOF spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy can be useful tools for monitoring toxic effects of arsenic on human cells. This approach could be utilised for drug discovery projects and also for understanding the molecular basis of the effects of arsenic on human cells. We have also used FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy to study the effect of arsenic compounds on the conformation of proteins such as human transferrin. These studies reveal that arsenic can interact with transferrin altering its conformation. This may modulate the function of transferrin in populations exposed to high levels of arsenic. The implications of these findings on human health will be presented.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN TURKEY Alper BABA Izmir Institute of Technology, Engineering Faculty, Gulbahce, Urla- Izmir, TURKEY * [email protected]

High concentration of Arsenic in groundwater has become the most important environmental issue facing people worldwide. The most common sources of arsenic in groundwater are both natural and anthropogenic. Arsenic has been caused serious effects on human health in different districts of the world both on a local as well as a regional scale. Considering these serious effects on human health, arsenic in groundwater resources used in drinking water supply field has been an active research topic for a long time throughout the world. Some studies on arsenic in groundwater of Turkey have been carried out over the last decades and a high concentration of this element has been identified in different parts of Turkey having complex geology of widespread volcanic succession with active tectonics and geothermal fluids. This natural setting serves as a suitable environment for the presence of high levels of arsenic in groundwater resources. In this regard, high arsenic concentrations in groundwater have been detected in many provinces of Turkey including but not limited to western Turkey, northwestern and southeast of Turkey with values ranging from 10 to 9300 ppb in groundwater. These values exceed the national and international drinking water quality criteria of 10 ppb and are several orders of magnitude larger than these standard values. These high arsenic concentrations greatly raise health risk for people consuming these waters.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XII. SESSION

FORENSIC APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Feride SEVERCAN1, Nihal Simsek OZEK2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. 2Department of Biology, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been extensively used for the examination of trace evidence in a forensic field since it is non-destructive, rapid, objective, operator-independent and confirmatory technique. Such traces can be obtained from biological resources such as hair, blood, fingerprints and non-biological resources such as drug, gun-shot residue etc. The fingerprints which is unique per person, and the age of blood stains have been analyzed efficiently and succesfully without destruction of the sample by IR spectroscopy. Moreover, posmortem time interval was estimated by the spectral analysis of metabolic changes in the tissues. This technique has been also successfully used in the characterization and screening of illicit drugs, explosives and inks etc. The use of IR spectroscopy in Forensic Science started in 1970s with identification illicit drugs. Employement of Fourier transform processing in 1990s enabled to investigate different type of samples, including aqueous samples with increased speed and sensitivity. Therefore, with the development of instrumentation and the use of advanced chemometric analysis methods, these techniques have recently become more popular in forenscis science. The development of the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) unit enabled the investigaton of systems without the need for complex sample preparation. With the development of sophisticated techniques such as synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared microscopy in conjunction with advanced statistical analyses, chemical properties of bulk and micro-sized particles can be identified. In this presentation, forensic application of infrared spectroscopy on determination of postmortem interval, hair analysis, fingerprint analysis, body fluids, drug analysis explosives will be specifically mentioned.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

IR COUPLED CHEMOMETRICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL, INDUSTRIAL AND FORENSIC STUDIES Rafig GURBANOV*, Ayse Gul GOZEN, Feride SEVERCAN Departman of Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University, Turkey * [email protected]

Environmental and forensic scientists along with industrial institutions are exploring more use of IR spectroscopy together with chemometrics for various applications. It can be used to detect the pollution level of the environment and to screen the promising microbial isolates to be applied for the bioremediation. Food, petroleum, drug industries and tire factories apply this technique both in their laboratories and in field for analytical purposes. IR spectroscopy has also gained attention in criminology due to its high sensitivity and speed in the analysis of evidential material. Identity and gender of a victim, narcotic drug abuse, toxins and explosives can be identified using this technique coupled to chemometrics. Analysis of body fluids is also possible for the identification of forensic species, which is a crucial part of investigation at a crime scene. Moreover, it can be administered for robust and efficient identification of old skeletal fossils or fragmented anatomical remnants, which is a difficult task for forensic specialists. It is known that biological agents such as bacteria and viruses can be exploited in bioterrorist acts or germ warfare. Rapid discrimination of these microbial species are achieved using IR based identification methods in forensic studies. In our study, we applied IR coupled chemometrics for the determination of heavy metal resistant environmental bacterial species. Although we did not study the forensic features of these bacteria directly, knowing the environmental microbial profile can help to find the place where the crime took place and to reveal the timeframe in good confidence.

The study was funded by TUBITAK-CAYDAG (Grant No: 113Y515)

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

DIAGNOSIS OF MESOTHELIOMA FROM HUMAN BLOOD SERUM VIA INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH CHEMOMETRICS Dilek YONAR1, Salih EMRI2, Feride SEVERCAN1 1Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey 2Hacettepe University, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive and rare cancer that develops on the lining of the lungs called pleura. The disease is primarily caused by the inhalation of microscopic asbestos fibers. Mesothelioma can only be diagnosed in the advanced stage, because early symptoms of it are often mistaken as other respiratory diseases. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a rapid and operator independent method with high specificity and sensitivity for MPM diagnosis from human blood serum by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. FTIR spectra of the samples collected from patients diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), lung cancer (LC), and healthy control (C) were recorded and analyzed with Perkin Elmer Spectrum program. Spectral analysis indicated significant differences in lipid structure and function, such as lipid order and fluidity respectively, protein, nucleic acid and glycogen content of MPM patients. Both unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis, PCA and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) and supervised (Soft Independent Modeling by Class Analogy, SIMCA) chemometric analyses were applied to classify MPM patients based on the spectral differences. PCA results revealed an obvious clustering of C, LC and MPM groups. Successful differentiations with 71-94% sensitivity and 80-94% specifity were obtained from serum by HCA. Moreover, 83% accurate classification of groups was obtained with supervised SIMCA method. This study demonstrated that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics has great potential to diagnose MPM disease with higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

*This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), SBAG-113S294 Research Fund.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XIII. SESSION

THE MASS SPECTROMETER: HOW IT WORKS? Muhittin SERDAR Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey

The mass spectrometer is an analytical tool which can measure the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. It makes use of the basic magnetic force on a moving charged particle. The sample has to be introduced into the ionization source of the instrument. Once inside the ionization source, the sample molecules are ionized, because ions are easier to manipulate than neutral molecules. These ions are extracted into the analyzer region of the mass spectrometer where they are separated according to their mass (m) -to-charge (z) ratios (m/z). The separated ions are detected and this signal sent to a data system where the m/z ratios are stored together with their relative abundance for presentation in the format of a m/z spectrum. The four essential sections of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are: 1. Sample Introduction: Gas or liquid chromatography column, flow injection 2. Ionisation: Gas phase ions are made in the ion source 3. Mass Anayser: Ions are separated by their mass to charge ratio (m/z) in the mass analyzer 4. Detector: Only charged molecules (ions) are detected Sample Introduction The method of sample introduction to the ionization source often depends on the ionization method being used, as well as the type and complexity of the sample. The sample can be inserted directly into the ionization source, or can undergo some type of chromatography in route to the ionization source. This latter method of sample introduction usually involves the mass spectrometer being coupled directly to a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation column, and hence the sample is separated into a series of components which then enter the mass spectrometer sequentially for individual analysis. Ionisation Many ionization methods are available and each has its own advantages and disadvantages the ionization method to be used should depend on the type of sample under investigation and the mass spectrometer available. Ionization methods include the following:

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Electrospray ionization (ESI), Atmospheric Pressure Chemical ionization (APCI), Electron Impact (EI), Chemical Ionization (CI, Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB), Field Desorption / Field Ionization (FD/FI), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) The ionization methods used for the majority of biochemical analyses are ESI, APCI, EI (especially GC MS) and MALDI. With most ionization methods there is the possibility of creating both positively and negatively charged sample ions, depending on the proton affinity of the sample. Before embarking on an analysis, the user must decide whether to detect the positively or negatively charged ions. Mass Anayser The main function of the mass analyzer is to separate, or resolve, the ions formed in the ionization source of the mass spectrometer according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. There are a number of mass analyzers currently available, the better known of which include quadrupoles, time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers, magnetic sectors, and both Fourier transform and quadrupole ion traps. These mass analyzers have different features, including the m/z range that can be covered, the mass accuracy, and the achievable resolution. The compatibility of different analyzers with different ionization methods varies. Tandem (MS-MS) mass spectrometers are instruments that have more than one analyzer and so can be used for structural and sequencing studies. Two analyzers have all been incorporated into commercially available tandem instruments, and the analyzers do not necessarily have to be of the same type, in which case the instrument is a hybrid one. More popular tandem mass spectrometers include those of the quadrupole-quadrupole, magnetic sector-quadrupole, and more recently, the quadrupole-time-of-flight geometries. Detector The detector monitors the ion current, amplifies it and the signal is then transmitted to the data system where it is recorded in the form of mass spectra. The m/z values of the ions are plotted against their intensities to show the number of components in the sample, the molecular mass of each component, and the relative abundance of the various components in the sample. The type of detector is supplied to suit the type of analyzer; the more common ones are the photomultiplier, the electron multiplier and the micro-channel plate detectors. Mass spectrometers are used in industry and academia for both routine and research purposes. The following list is just a brief summary of the major mass spectrometric applications:

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

Biotechnology: the analysis of proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides Pharmaceutical: drug discovery, combinatorial chemistry, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism Clinical: neonatal screening, hemoglobin analysis, drug testing, steroid hormones, Environmental: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, water quality, food contamination. Geological: oil composition

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

MASS SPECTROMETRY TECHNIQUES IN CLINICAL LABORATORY Ali ÜNLÜ Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

Development of the mass spectrometry (MS) techniques became an useful tool for the measuring of analytes in clinical chemistry laboratories. It is obvious that there is an increasing trend in the borderline cases due to early diagnostic techniques and development of the health care systems require more sensitive, specific and reliable techniques than routinly used methods. MS techniques provide higher sensitivity and specifity. Because of having unequalled sensitivity, lower detection limits and diversity of its applications MS has an outstanding position among the analytical methods. MS laboratories become a part of clinical chemistry laboratories during the last decade. MSmain areasare endocrinology, clinical and forensic toxicology, inborn error of metabolism, therapeutic drug monitoring and emerging clinical biomarkers. Steroids measurements are one of the main focus in MS laboratories in endocrinology section. MS analysis recommended hormones are; estradiol in male, prepubertal ages and postmenapausal term, free testosterone, aldosterone, 17-OH progesterone, Deoksicorticosterone, 25-OH vitamin D2 ve D3, 25-OH vitamin D3/3-epi-25-OH vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 ve 24,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3. MS analysis is also found to be superior against immunassay in the measurement of free tyroxine and tyriodotronine levels. It has been also demonstrated that MS has several advantages to immunassay in therapeutic drugs analysis. The chemical structures of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites are quite similar to the parent drug, therefore, it is difficult if not impossible to construct an immunoassay that recognizes the parent compound without some degree of cross-reactivity towards one or more of the metabolites. MS based assays have been developed for immunosuppressants and are widely used in clinical practice.

MS has been used for clinical and forensic toxicology for two main reasons. Immunoassays are platforms used as a screening test because they provide faster results and tests are commercially available. Due to the specificity limitations of immunoassays, MS is used to confirm false positive results from the screening immunoassay systems. As such, these MS assays are designed to find particular drugs or their metabolites. MS analysis is also used for comprehensive drug screening.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

For the use of inborn errors of metabolism, analyzing for amino, organic, and fatty acids has undergone a series of developments to the technology. Tandem MS is now recognized as one of the most definitive analysis procedures for measuring these analytes. Tandem MSsystem is capable of measuring all of the analytes within a group in a single run. So MS is called a “multiplex” testing.

Development of the MS and chromatographic techniques have lead to great success to quantification and characterisation of proteins. Because of MS, a draft of human proteomics was published in Naturein 2014. The diagnosis of infectious pathogens presents the range of application of MS and its growing potential to contribute to clinical diagnostics.

Main advantages of MS can be classified as; low solvent volumes, high throughput, providing clinically stable results with deuterated internal standards, minimizing the specifity problems, high analytical range, improved sensitivity, multiplex testing in a single run, cost-effective in long term (after 1-2 years after setup).

Main disadvantages of MS can be classified as; requirement of experience for method development and procedures, time consuming application, method validation progress, long turnaround times due to long preanalitycal steps, difference in calibrator and methods, lack of standardisation of solvents and stability issues. The cost of analysisis also of critical importance, which is closely related to the number of samples analyzed. Development of analytical techniques is always expensive, time- consuming and needs expertise. However MS enstruments are powerfull tools and can be cost-effective after 1-2 years in clinical laboratories. The cost of test is lower than other methods for high throughput experiments.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

ROLE OF LABORATORY IN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE Sedat ABUŞOĞLU Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya

Occupational diseases and exposure are at issue recently in our country. Early diagnosis and corrective actions of occupational diseases provides oppurtunity for preventing from chronic diseases. Clinical laboratories are of great importance especially in diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment. Occupational diseases become more specific due to usage of different sample types in analysis, application of uncommon techniques that is not frequently used in routine laboratories, issues about the preanalytical variables and conditions. Having a deep biochemical knowledge about analysis and parameters will contribute to clinicians.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XIV. SESSION

DOPING AGENTS: MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS Emanuela CORSINI1, Marco RACCHI2 1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy. 2Department of Drug Sciences - Pharmacology Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia Italy. *[email protected], [email protected]

Anabolic drugs or anabolic steroids are molecules chemically related to testosterone, and with similar effects in the body. Hormones have an important role in homeostasis and function of the immune system, including sex hormones, which appear to have distinctive and exclusive roles in the development of the immune system and in shaping the immune responses. Evidence is accumulating on the existence of bidirectional interactions among oxidative stress, immune and endocrine systems and concern is warranted.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

RACK1 is the acronym for receptor for activated C kinase 1, encoded by a gene known as GNB2L1, guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like-1. RACK1 is involved in embryonic development, immune response, neuronal activity and addiction, and in circadian rhythm. At the cellular level, RACK1 is involved in a variety of signaling pathways and different aspects of cell regulation. Due to its plethora of interaction partners, RACK1 appears to be the fulcrum of cellular homeostasis, controlling essential cellular processes such as transcription, epigenetics and translation, cell proliferation and growth as well as cell spreading and cell-cell interactions. We previously demonstrated that RACK1 gene expression is negatively regulated by glucocorticoids, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, an endogenous anabolic androgenic steroid) has opposite effects on RACK1 expression and on the regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity involved in immune cells activation. DHEA seems to antagonize the effect of glucocorticoids by inducing a dose-related up- regulation of the negative dominant glucocorticoid receptor-β (GRβ). More recently (manuscript submitted), we demonstrated that androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in analogy to DHEA, induced an increase in RACK1 expression (both mRNA and protein) and in LPS-induced IL-8 and TNF-α production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that by blocking the androgen receptor (AR), DHEA-induced GRβ and RACK1 expression could be completely prevented, posing AR at the center of the action of DHEA, further supporting the ability of steroid hormones to modulate RACK1 expression and immune cell activation. We suggest that any changes in steroid hormones ratio may lead to an imbalance between the actions of these hormones, which eventually become relevant for the expression of proteins in the signal transduction machinery involved in key elements of the immune response. This evidence will be used to highlights the immunomodulatory effects of anabolic drugs.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

TOXICOLOGICAL ENDPOINTS OF DOPING SUBSTANCES A. Ahmet BASARAN Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

Athletes and non athletes weighlifters have tried to gain an unfair advantage through the use doping substances since ancient times. Doping substances although enhance sports performance, represent a risk to the health of individuals and violate the sprit of competition. The use of prohibited performance enhancing drugs (PED’s) or methods to improve results in competitive sports is referred as doping. Among the PED’s used are androgenic-anabolic steroids (AASs), diuretics and masking agents, narkotics and cannabinoids. The improper handling of endogenous hormones such as human growth hormone, erythropoietin, testosterone and insülin and also the use of forbidden methods such as blood transfusions or gene doping and even the refusal to take a drug test or attempt to tamper with doping controls are all considered as doping. Every year a new list of banned drugs is prepared by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Abusers of doping substances have higher mortality rates and risk of sudden death. Many adverse effect of AASs abuse such as increased body hair, acne, aggresive behaviour, mood disturbances, alteration of cardiovascular parameters, disturbances in endocrine and immune functions have been reported. Doping agents generaly exert tendinopathies, rhabdomyolysis, arthralgies, abnormal bone growth, osteoporosis, joint cartilage erosion and osteoarthritis, soft tissue edema, fatique and tremor. . In the presantation the target organs that are affected by the use of doping substances will be discussed in detail.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XV. SESSION

DETERMINATION OF Cu (COPPER) AND Fe (IRON) CONTENT IN SELECTED GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES Bahareh GHASEMI1, Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD1, Habibollah NAZEM2, Mohammad FAZILATI2, Hosein SALAVATI3 1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, Iran 3Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, Iran

Green leafy vegetables are predominantly known for their high nutritional content, fibers, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. They are mostly consumed for their health and nutritional benefits. However, both vital and lethal elements are present in vegetables, they can absorb and accumulate more essential metals from soil. Copper and Iron are essential micronutrient obtained from vegetables, it acting as a ligand to many proteins and enzymes. The synergetic interaction of Cu and Fe is crucial in human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of Cu and Fe by ICP-OES in seven type of green leafy vegetables collected from agricultural sites of Arak city in Iran. Results (mean ±SD) showed that Mint and Parsley are hyper accumulator of Cu and Fe with, 471±73.38 for Cu and 2240.13±4823.6 For Fe. The order of Cu concentrate in plant was Mint> Parsley> Tarragon> Corianderv Cressv Radish> Fenugreek varied 471.51±73.38 to 391.68±75.39. The order for Iron was Parsley> Radish> Coriander> Cress> Fenugreek> Tarragon> Mint varied 2240.13±4823.6to 688.21±182.21 (µg/kg).Our finding shows that vegetables are an important source of Fe and Cu in diet and Parsley have a high concentration of essential metals in green leaves. The concentrations of metals in all vegetable samples were found to be lower than FAO/WHO guidelines and it’s to be safe for consumers.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY ON CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES Ayguen SAHİN Cancer Education and Research Insitute (CERI), Boston, MA, USA

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 alone, 12.6 million people have died due to exposure of unhealthy environmental factors, which make up nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as stroke, heart disease, cancers and chronic respiratory disease are mostly associated with air pollution, and amount to as much as 8.2 million of these deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water and soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation (UV), not only causes NCDs, but also more than 100 diseases and injures. Environmental risks mostly affect children under 5 and adults aged 50 to 75 years. While cardiovascular diseases make up the vast majority of environmental-related deaths, cancer deaths are highly related to environmental factors (1.7 million annually). Among the cancer types that are largely affected by environmental factors, such as lung, colon, skin, and breast cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US and worldwide. Tobacco smoking causes 87% of all lung cancers. Parabens and aluminium in deodorants and anti-perspirants are linked to male and female breast cancer. Stomach cancer is associated with Helicobacter pyloris infection, which transmission is facilitated by poor sanitation and crowding. Some of the leukemia disease burden is linked to occupational exposures to chemicals, such as benzene and ethylene oxide. The most deadly type of skin cancer, melanoma, is associated with excessive UV exposure. These deaths may be reduced dramatically if people are more educated about and aware of the risk factors. At Cancer Education and Research Institute (CERI), we educate people worldwide about cancer in a ‘simplified’ way, in multiple languages, and in many forms, helping them understand the disease and its risk factors that are preventable.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

SIMCA ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL AND FORENSIC SCIENCE Sherif ABBAS1,3*, Salih EMRI2, Feride SEVERCAN1 1Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06800, Ankara, Turkey 2HacettepeUniversity, Department of Chest Diseases, 06100, Ankara, Turkey 3Ain Shams University, Physics Department, Cairo, Egypt

The ability to analyze body fluid traces is critical for determining the key details of a crime. Now, a combination of advanced statistical methods such as SIMCA with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows potential for minimizing false negatives and positives during samples classification. SIMCA is a statistical method for supervised classification. In this approach Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is run on the whole spectra dataset to identify the spectra groups. The advantage of SIMCA is that the unknown spectrum is assigned to the group which has high probability only. If the variance of a spectrum exceeds the upper limit for all modeled of dataset, the spectra will not assign to any of the groups because, it is either an outlier or comes from a class that is not represented in the dataset. SIMCA also can work with few samples number in each group which is an important consideration. We used FTIR coupled with SIMCA analysis to examine the accumulated pleural fluid of benign transudate, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) and lung cancer for their characterization and diagnosis. SIMCA results revealed more than 90% sensitivity in differentiation of MPM from the other groups. Overall, FTIR spectroscopy coupled with SIMCA statistical analysis showed great potential for nondestructive, objective and confirmatory identification of MPM from pleural fluids. Similar to the identification of MPM from pleural fluids, SIMCA analysis can be performed for any similar body fluids which demonstrates great potential for the nondestructive and rapid confirmatory identification of body fluids at crime scenes.

This work was supported by the Health Sciences Research Group (SBAG) of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No: 113S294).

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

XVI. SESSION

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AIR TOXICS

Esra KARAMAN Centre for Labour and Social Security Training and Research, Pursaklar, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Toxic air pollutants also known as hazardous air pollutants that cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or adverse environmental effects. Some can even cause death or serious injury if accidentally released in large amounts. Examples of air toxics include; benzene, perchloroethylene dioxin, methylene chloride, asbestos, toluene, and metals such as cadmium, mercury, chromium, and lead compounds which is emitted from number of industries. Many air pollutants remain in the environment for long periods of time and are carried by the winds hundreds of miles from their origin. Millions of people live in areas where urban smog, very small particles, and toxic pollutants pose serious health concerns. People exposed to high enough levels of certain air pollutants may experience burning in their eyes, an irritated throat, or breathing difficulties. Long-term exposure to air pollution can cause cancer and long-term damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems. In extreme cases, it can even cause death. Environmental risk assessment described as the characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards. Characterizing risk involves integrating information on hazard, dose-response, and exposure. There are main two steps of the risk assessment process: Hazard identification and Dose- Response Assessment. There are many programs that make identify human exposure pathways and estimate the amount of human exposure under different exposure scenarios and many toxic tools to asses environmental air toxic substances. Several databases, models and act are used to find health and safety information.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

TOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTION - CONTROL MEASURES Derya KOÇAK Centre for Labour and Social Security Training and Research, Pursaklar, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

The main objectives of toxicology are that revealing toxic effects due to various factors, scientific research to improve information on the toxic effects, perform risk assessment by researching potential toxic effects of chemicals agents in our environment and workplace and controlling of chemicals and other toxins to prevent hazards. Toxicology is divided into sub- fields such as descriptive toxicology, clinical toxicology, environmental toxicology, industrial toxicology, forensic toxicology, analytical toxicology and ecotoxicology.

Occupational toxicology works by integrating with toxicology, occupational health and occupational hygiene. It is concerned with safety measures relating to the workplace and employee safety and standardization of the environment. It also determines the safety limits for poisoning agents in the industrial area.

The hazards of physical, chemical and biological agents cause structural and functional changes in humans and these agents are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with occupational toxicology. By use of these analysis results, prevention from hazards of these substances is provided.

A successful risk assessment is required to develop effective prevention and control measures for toxic substances. Toxic substances exposed in industry are classified as toxic gaseous, organic-based toxic substances, volatile toxic substances and heavy metals. Effective prevention and control measures start with combating the risks at source. If this is not possible, toxic substances should be substitute with non-toxic or less toxic substances. Then, engineering control measures should be used like adapting the work to the individual, especially as regards the design of work places, the choice of work equipment and the choice of working and production methods and work at a predetermined work-rate and to reducing their effect on health. These measures are followed by signage/warnings and/or administrative controls and personal protective equipment.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT NO.6331 AND TOXICOLOGY Burak AYAN Centre for Labour and Social Security Training and Research, Pursaklar, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Workers exposure to variety of hazardous chemicals related to the type of work carried out. Regulations about chemicals which may be unsafe for workers is regulated at the Occupational Health and Safety Act No.6331. In this review regulatory framework of occupational health and safety for chemicals are assessed in order for chemicals to be used properly and safely.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P1. THE GENOTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF FUNGUCITE (LUNA EXPERIENCE-EC 400) FLUOPYRAM/TEBACONAZOL COMBINATION SINGLE GEL CELL ELECTROPHORESIS (COMET ASSAY) AND MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN RAT BONE MARROW Gizem GÜLER1*, Cuma AKTAŞ1, Ayla ÇELİK2 1*Mersin University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Mersin, Turkey 2Mersin University Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Mersin, Turkey *[email protected]

Pesticides are chemical substances that prevent from harmful organisms and reduce their harms. Pesticides areclassified by their durability time, chemical structure and organisms which it affected. Fungicide is a general term thatgiven to all chemicals which are used to take under control the fungus that infect on plants. Luna Experience SC-400 is a new generation fungicide that combinated with Fluopyram and Tebuconazole. Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide. Tebuconazole was tested in vitro for its potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on cultured bovine peripheral lymphocytes. Fluopyram is a benzamide fungicide. Genotoxic effects of fluopyram was examined and reported in rats. In this study, We used three different doses (5 µg/kg, 10 µg/kg, 20 µg/kg) of Luna Experience-EC 400 during 30 day at 48 h intervals by gavage in rats. We investigated the genotoxicty and cytotoxicty of Luna Experience-EC 400 using comet assay and micronucleus test in rat bone marrow. We found that Luna Experience-EC 400 has genotoxic and cytotoxic potential in rat bone marrow. There is significant difference between control group and all the doses of Luna Experience- EC 400 (p<0.05) for comet assay levels and micronucleus frequency. In this study, we also investigated the PCE/total erythrocyte rate. All the doses of Luna Experience-EC 400 lead to decreasing the amount of PCEs. It is found that this decrease is statistically significant (p<0.05).

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P2. USE OF PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM IMMOBILIZED ON BENTONITE AS A SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTOR FOR Cu(II) AND Cd(II) PRECONCENTRATION AND DETERMINATION BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY Sevgi KOCAOBA1, Münevver ARISOY2* 1Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Davutpasa Cad., No: 127, 34210- Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. 2Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietary, Altındag, Ankara, Turkey.

The increase of industrial activities has accentuated environmental pollution problems causing the deterioration of several ecosystems with the accumulation of many pollutants, such as toxic metals. The present work proposes the use of a white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) immobilized on bentonite as a new sorbent in trace metal determination. The procedure is based on the biosorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions on a column of bentonite loaded with dried, dead fungi components prior to their determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effects of pH, amount of solid phase, eluent type and volume of the sample solution, flow rate of solution on the retention of the metal ions have been studied. The optimum pH values of quantitative sorption for Cu(II) and Cd(II) were found to be 5. These metal ions can be desorbed with 1 M HCl (recovery 95-100 %). The effect of some interfere ions were also studied. The adsorption process is interpreted in term of Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results indicate that with the advantages of high metal biosorption capacity and satisfactory recovery of Cu(II) and Cd(II).

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P3. INCREASE NITRATE AND TOXICITY IN GROUND DRINKING WATER RESOURCES IN DARFUR-SUDAN Sanaa Ishag Ahmed ELRASHEED1, Zeliha Kayaaltı2 1Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Khartoum University, Sudan 2Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey

This presentation is aims to explain the increase nitrate and toxicity in grownd drinking water resources in Darfur-SUDAN Darfur is a region in western Sudan, in 2008, Darfur's population was 7.5million. This in an increase by nearly six times from 1973 (1.3million). 52% are aged 16 years or younger. Water supplying is providing by very old water net Works some of them which was built in 1960. Water is given daily for 2-3 hours from the water supplying net work, while at other times the water can not be given. About 60% of the population water needs are supplied from wells operated by private ventures, while the remaining portion is estimated to be covered by individual water pump located on their property. For biological and chemical analysis of the water, supplies and trained staff in the establishedl aboratory is in adequate. Water network, and control of private individual wells can not be made. Almost there is no informative and educational work for community about water health in the region. There are high concentrations of nitrates proportion in drinking water sources, which all the existing resources of water are ground water resources. According to the WHO standards nitrate quantitiy must be below than 50 mg\L, and comparing with the Water Quality Guidelines for Turkeys it must be 25 mg\L but in Darfur Area – SUDAN it is over 58 mg\L in the drinking water analysis. Increase the concentration of nitrates led to the appearance of some diseases related to toxicology in water. As a result of the lack of water distribution system, waters to rage ways helps to increase or not to decrease the concentration of nitrate in drinking water. Where drinking is often storage in metal, plastic or claycontainers.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P4. MOLACULARLY IMPRINTED MAGNETIC CHITOSAN BEADS FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF TEXTILE DYES FROM WASTE WATER Ahmet ESER1*, Tülin AYDEMIR1, Seda ÇINAR1, Ayşe DINÇER1 1Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department 45140 TURKEY *[email protected]

Organic dyes represent effective chemical hazard encountered in our environment as organic pollutants, so the dye effluent releasing in various industries is one of the most serious water pollution source. Many dyes which are one of the environmental contaminants are difficult to degrade due to their complex structures and toxic degradation pruduct. Among various branch of dyes more attention must be droned to synthetic dyes, specifically those belonging to the xanthene class with extensive application. A variety of studies were devoted to the assessment of the acute toxicity of this dyes. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) represent a new class of materials possessing high selectivity and good affinity for target molecule. In comparison with the common adsorbents, the MIP improves the reusability, selectivity and adsorption capacity of adsorbents. In this study, Erythrosine dye selected as a model xanthene dye. Erythrosine-imprinted magnetic chitosan particules (EIMC) was successfully synthesized for the removal of ER from aqueous solutions. Non-imprinted magnetic chitosan particules (NIMC) was also prepared for the comparison. According to TG analysis result, the Fe3O4 coating process turned the polymerical matrices more resistant to degradation when compared to the former polymer. Selectivity of EIMC and NIMC for ER over other dyes (Reactive Yellow, Kim Orange and Reactive Blue) was evaluated. Adsorption capacity of EIMC and NIMC for Erythrosine, Reactive Yellow, Kim Orange, Reactive Blue was found 46.05; 20.39, 13.76; 14.06, 18.48; 18.76 and 8.49; 13.90 mg/g, respectively. So, EIMC could use for selectively removal of ER from waste water.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P5. THE ANALYTICAL INSRUMENTATION METHODS NEEDED FOR MODERN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY Ayhan FILAZI1*, Begum YURDAKOK-DIKMEN1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey.

The use of advanced analytical techniques for a modern forensic toxicology laboratory is indispensable. The current presentation aims to present the methodological theory and current technology for the determination of chemicals in biological tissues, fluids and environment. The goal of analytical measurements is to attain coherent, confidential, sensitive and right data. For achieving this goal, method is required to be validated. This procedure should be done separately for each matrix and laboratory. The most modern instrumentations used in forensic toxicology laboratory are Gas Chromatograph–Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (GC– QMS), GC–Ion Trap MS (GC–ITMS and GC–MS/MS, Liquid Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometers (LC–ITMS and LC–MS–MS), Magnetic Sector MS and GC–Combustion Isotope MS, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers (TOF-MS), Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometers (FTMS) and Orbitrap™, Cyclic Voltammetry and Pulsed Electrochemical Detectors (PED) and Capillary Electrophoresis. The QMS, ITMS, and LC–MS allow identifying and quantifying a number of toxicants such as small molecular weight chemicals and steroids in environment and biological tissues. Innovations like lower column diameter size, high ignition rate furnaces, high compression carrying gas control and choice of more effective capillary columns have diminished the time needed for determination. Facilitating of software design for LC–MS and LC–MS/MS allow easier and faster analysis. Hybrid tools are important for the growing needs of forensic laboratories in criminal investigations. FTMS have disadvantages such as expensive and need of ultra-low vacuum. However, Orbitrap is a new technology, and can be use instead of FTMS.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P6. BIOTRANSFORMATION, BIOCUMULATION AND TOXICITY OF SOME PLASTIFIANS (BISPHENOLS; PHTHALATES) Selçuk Salim ERDOĞAN*, Dilek KAYA AKYÜZLÜ1, Burak ARI2 1Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences 2Forensic Medicine of Ankara Group Presidency, The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey

Plastifians are clear, colorless and odourless chemicals produced through the reaction between alcohol and phtalic anhydrite. They give elasticity and shape to the products which are procuded through reaction with PVC. They are not only additives like pigments and filling materials but also chemicals that provide the features of polymer. The following are among the industrial products including plastifians: Vinyl, plastic containers, food packages, household goods, cosmetics, child care products, food imitation products, swimming equipment, gymnastic mats, sunbeds, seabeds, plastic printings and accessories on textile fabrics, raincoats, sneakers, plastic slippers, shoes, toners, vinyl flooring, blood collection tubes, stretch wraps, surgical gloves, respiratory equipment and masks and other medical equipment. A, AB, AF, Bisphenol B, BP, Bisphenol C, Bisphenol E, F, G, M, S, P, PH, TMC and Z (all from Bisphenols); Di-2sthyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), Di octyl phthalate (DOP), Di iso decyl phthalate (DIDP) and Di iso nonyl phthalate (DINP) (all from Phthalates) are among the best known plastifians. Plastifians are also known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This very feature of plastifians can occur through several ways which include binding to steroid receptors. Some plastifian formulations are proved to have genotoxic features. Plasitifans, while being absorbed through dermal, oral and inhalation ways, are exposed to biotransformation in the liver and kidneys and can have a mutagenic and carcinogenic effect bioaccumulatively in the hormonal system within the endocrine system especially in the fat cells. BPA, mostly taken into the body orally, are transformed into bisphenol A-glucuronide with a water-soluble metabolite in the intestines and liver. Being exposed to plastifians especially like bisphenol A even at a low dose can lead to such problems as breast and prostate cancer, decline in the sperm counts, abnormal penile/urethral growth in men, sexual precocity in women, increasing obesity, type 2 neurobehavioral disorders, diabetes, immune system disorders, endocrine, development and fertility disorders, birth defects, hormonal changes, infertility and weakness in the immune system.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P7. POSTMORTEM REDISTRIBUTION AND INTERPRETATION OF BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS Hülya KOYUNCU1* 1Hitit University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Çorum, 19030, Turkey *[email protected]

One of the most difficult responsibilities of the forensic toxicologist is the interpretation of postmortem drug levels (therapeutic, toxic, or lethal). The drug levels are generally assessed in the light of the blood concentration. Postmortem redistribution (PMR) is one of many factors (hydrolysis, bacterial activity, blood coagulation and hypostasis or movement of the cadaver before sampling) that may lead to changes in drug concentrations after death. As the interval between death and collection of blood samples becomes longer, drugs from tissues and organs that contain high drug concentrations redistribute due to cadaver decomposition. Thus, drug concentrations increase in the blood. Mechanisms of PMR may also be affected by a particular drug’s characteristics, such as lipophilicity, volume of distribution, and pH status (acidic, basic, or neutral). For example, basic, highly lipophilic drugs with a volume of distribution greater than 3 L/kg are particularly susceptible to PMR. Although the presence of PMR is a well-recognized phenomenon in forensic toxicology, it is still under-explored and systematic studies on PMR are rare. For most drugs, femoral blood is regarded as the optimal sample for interpretation based on its greater distance from organs that may be influenced by PMR mechanisms. However, blood samples taken from different sites such as heart blood, femoral, iliac or subclavian blood, head or hematoma blood should be clearly identified on test tubes and blood from different sites should never be combined. This is very important to interpretation of blood concentrations.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P8. EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS ON GENE REGULATION Mehmet Kadir ERDOĞAN1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey *[email protected]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, right behind cardiovascular disease. Occupational and environmental cancers are about 10% of all cancer cases. More than 152.000 deaths occur annually by reason of occupational cancers. Particular groups of working population such as miners, dye workers, smelter workers, chemical workers and more of the same is under much risk than the general population, because of high and frequent exposure to some specific carcinogens such as radium, radon, benzidine, arsenic, asbestos, benzene, chloroethers, UV etc. As a result of this high exposure, some types of cancer may develop especially as lung, bladder and skin cancers and leukemia. Numerous experimental models have shown that environmental exposure may alter and disrupt the regulation of genome. DNA methylation and promoter hypermethylation is very important for DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle control, angiogenesis and carcinogen metabolism genes. Depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and promoter hypermethylation of p53 occurs in selenium and arsenic related liver and colon cancers. Exposure to asbestos causes miRNA dysregulation in lung cancer. Airborne benzene exposure is related to hypermethylation of LINE-1, Alu and p15. Ionizing radiation induce the transcriptional changes and transcriptional silencing in genes such as cell cycle regulation/proliferation, ubiquitin cycle and DNA repair. Additionally, heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, and zinc inhibit DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and this causes a decrase in the level of DNA methylation. The effects of occupational cancers on the genome are still ill-defined and a lot of research is done about this area.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P9. METAL ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AND LABORATORY CONDITIONS AND DETERMINATION OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME LEVELS OF ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS Şeyda Fikirdeşici ERGEN1*, Sofia R. MESQUITA2, Emrah ACARÖZ1, Ahmet ALTINDAĞ1, Turgay TEKINAY3, Evren TUNCA4, Laura GUIMARÃES2 1Ankara University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey 2Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Portugal 3Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey 4Ordu University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey *[email protected]

Çomar Stream is located in the province of Çorum and is an important wetland that provide drinking water. There is not any study on the impact of heavy metal contamination on stream. This work investigated the distribution of application of Cu, As, Cd, Cr, Al, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe in the sediment and water of Çomar Stream and assessed heavy metal toxicity risk with the application of different sets of Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) indices (contamination factor (C_f^i), contamination degree (Cd),Modified degree of contamination (mCd), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) (E_r^i), potential toxicity response index (RI), effect range median values (m-ERM-Q), probable effect level (m-PEL-Q)). This method of evaluation is observed as a result of Mn metal up to create ecological risks; 45.26% Ni ratio in the metal sediment has been found to comprise a major portion toxicity. In addition, sediment samples in the strong negative correlation Cr-Fe (r = -,857) is between, in water samples has been determined that there is no correlation. Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) brought from Çomar Stream were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (5.33; 33.3; 208 ve 1300 µg/L) during 7 days in the laboratory. As a result, GST and GR activities significantly increased with increasing cadmium concentration (p<0.05); LPO level were not observed any differences (p>0.05).

Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Ankara University [grant number 13B4240007 BAP].

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P10. SELECTIVE AND SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF TANNIC ACID USING A 1-BENZOYL-3-(PYRROLIDINE) THIOUREAFILM MODIFIED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE Elif ÇALIK1*, Demet UZUN2, Ümmihan Taşkoparan YILMAZ1 1Gazi University, Polatlı Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 06900 Polatlı, Ankara/Turkey 2Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 06500, Ankara/Turkey *[email protected]

In this study the selective determination of tannic acid (TA) was performed using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with 1-Benzoyl-3-(pyrrolidine) thiourea (PrTu). PrTuwas deposited on the GC electrode in nonaqueous media by cyclic voltammetry. PrTu-GC electrode demonstrated an electrocatalytical effect on the oxidation of TA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method in 0.1 M Britton Robinson (BR) buffer solution of pH 2. Under optimum conditions linear calibration graphs were obtained over the TA concentration range 2.0×10 6 to 4.2×10 5 M. The detection of limit (LOD) was found as 0.6 µM. The proposed electrode was applied to the determination of TA in tea sample with satisfactory results.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P11. EVALUATION OF PHYTOTHERAPHIC APPLICATIONS IN TOXICOLOGICAL TERMS WITH IN THE SCOPE OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Günnur ORHAN1*, Selçuk Salim ERDOĞAN1, Taşkın ATAK2 1The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey 2Turkish Public Health Institution Department of Consumer Safety Laboratories Toxicology Loboratories

Phytotherapy is described as an application done by using herbs medical effects of which are scientifically proved; the parts of them containing active ingredients and/or their organic products produced through a transaction and based on these the standardised pharmaceutic forms (pellet, capsule, tincture…) and herbal medicinal products so as to be protected from disease and to support the treatment. The origin of herbal medicine is based on hundreds of years ago. Ninova Tablets which are the first written documents on this subject and belong to the year 3000 B.C. prove there are treatments with herbal and animal drugs in Mesopotamia. In the period of Islamic Civilization Ebu Reyhan, Ibn-i Sina (Avicenna) who is the writer of the work “The Canon of Medicine” and Al Gafinihave written important Works about herbal medicine. The World Health Organisation (WHO) accepts medicinal plants in 1980 by defining them as “a kind of herb which can be theurepathic or inhibitory with its one or more organs or may be the precurs or of any chemical pharmaceutical synthesis.” It should be kept in mind that what is organic is not always healthy. Most of herbs are seriously toxican damong other complementary therapies phytotheraphy is riskier in terms of side effects and toxicity. Herbal products and medicinal herbs may exhibit severe toxic reactions when not used in appropriate doses and duration, and they may even be lethal. It is reported that herbal medicines show side effects and even lethal effects as a result of their contamination with pesticides, heavy metals, and other herbal and synthetic drugs. In the evaluation of phytotheraphy applications in toxicological terms, factors such as dose, duration and type of exposition, medicine interaction; effective substance interaction, interaction between medicine and food; gender, age, ethnicity, pregnancy, adverse effects etc. should be taken into account. Taking herbal medicines into analyses of activity and toxicity, as done for synthetic medicines, and getting them licensed by medical authorities will increase their reliability. Phytotheraphy should be used wisely in the light of scientific literature in order to protect public health with effective and safe herbal products and to contribute to the treatment.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P12. GENETIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CRYOPRESERVED PLANT RESOURCES BY AFLP METHOD Mehmet Kadir ERDOĞAN1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey. *[email protected]

The world’s plant population, especially wild and endemic species of this population, is unfortunately under extinction risk. For threatened population viability, plant cryopreservation has a significant role to conserve genetic resources by in vitro techniques, which involved in tissue culture, pre-growth, cryoprotection, freezing (liquid nitrogen, -196 C), thawing, recovery (re-growth) and regeneration. These steps are required for a successful cryopreservation but genetic changes occur in plant tissue culture (somaclonal variation) and these changes can cause the disruption of the genetic stability. There is an increasing interest in investigation of genetic stability after cryopreservation. In order to determine genetic changes between original species and cryopreserved species, DNA-based techniques such as DNA-DNA hybridisation and PCR techniques (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis) are useful, because they are simple, rapid and cost-effective, and offer clear information. AFLP method allows the simultaneous analysis of many loci which widely spread over the entire genome, without prior sequence knowledge of the organisms under study. This is a very sensitive, reliable fingerprinting technique to resolve differences between isolates of the same species in a broad range of taxa including bacteria, animals, plants, and microalgae. For AFLP analysis fluorescent markers, an automated sequencer and dedicated software are required to detect polymorphic DNA fragments after DNA-primer amplification. The monitoring of genetic stability after cryopreservation has a great importance for plant genetic resources.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P13. ANALYSIS OF DNA FINGERPRINT DATA BY CLUSTERING-BASED ALGORITHMS Mehmet Kadir ERDOĞAN1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey *[email protected]

DNA fingerprinting is a technique which allows the analysis of genomic relatedness between DNA patterns. Various DNA fingerprinting techniques have multiple applications in the area of molecular diagnostics, medical diagnosis, forensic science, epidemiological analyses, parentage testing, food industry, agriculture, environmental microbiology, ecology, and many others. After fingerprinting of DNA by several techniques such as RFLP, ARDRA, rep-PCR, RISA, DGGE, there is a major difficulty for aligment of multiple peak sets of DNA fingerprinting image. Although bioinformatics software applications are commercially available for gel analyses (e.g., BioNumerics and GelCompar, Applied Math. Sint-Martens- Latem, Belgium), they are usually expensive and the types of analysis included are limited. In order to analyse the DNA fingerprint data, several clustering-based algorithmic techniques are widely used such as self-organizing maps, hierarchical clustering, graph-theoretical approaches and model-based clustering. These are free and flexible programs, therefore desirable techniques for the analysis of DNA fingerprinting data. The choice of the clustering algorithm is generally dependent on both evaluation criteria and the user’s experience. Data distrubition and requirements of application are the main performance tools for different clustering algorithms.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P14. HERBAL GALACTOGOGUES ON MILK PRODUCTION Mehmet DIRI1, Ender YARSAN1 1Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey

In the last few years, scientists head towards searching alternative herbals for feed additives resulting from medicines used for increasing animal production which have some adverse effect on animal and human health, residue and resistance problems. Natural herbals used for this purpose increase productivity of animals and eliminate risks of residue for human health as well. A number of studies is devoted to investigate use of alternative lactogenic herbals in order to increase milk production which is one of the animal products. The term “galactopoitic” or “galactogogue” refers to substances which augment established lactation. However, the term “galactopoietic” is independent to describe hormones which increase milk production in lactating animal. Effects related to blocked dopamine receptors resulted by increased prolactin through hormonal mechanism assist to initiate and maintain the maternal milk production. Otherwise, it is necessary to consider herbal galactogogues free from hormonal mechanisms by reason of the fact that they increase milk production independently of these mechanisms. Presently various herbals and herbal active elements such as Asparagus racemosus, Ipomoea digitata / I.paniculata, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum, Galega officinalis, Vitex agnus-castus, Urtica dioica, Pueraria tuberosa, Anethum sowa - Anethum graveolens are used for augmenting milk production. Herbals can substitute for drugs due to the affordable prices, being accessible easily and not remaining residue in tissue, secretion and milk.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P15. EVALUATION OF Ni LEVELS IN SALIVA AND URINE SAMPLES FROM ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS Onur ERDEM1*, Serdar ÇETINKAYA1, Mehmet KAPLAN2, Eyüp ÇIRAK1, Sıla Mermut GÖKÇE3, Cemal AKAY1 1Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, TURKEY 2Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Orthodontics, Ankara, TURKEY 3Medipol University, Department of Orthodontics, Mega Hospitals Complex, Istanbul, TURKEY

Fixed nickel-titanium alloy (Ni-Ti) materials are among the frequently used products in orthodontic treatment. But some metals such as Ni and cobalt (Co) that are components of orthodontic alloys are well known to be allergenic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic. Thus, orthodontic patients are exposed to a noticeable amount of these metals during their treatment depending on construction of materials. From this perspective the objective of the present study was to evaluate in vivo corrosive future of these materials. For this purpose, Ni levels were investigated in saliva and urine samples from the 32 patients (16 boys and 16 girls aged 12-17) who undergoing orthodontic Ni-Ti alloy wire treatment. We applied a sampling time as follows. For the experimental group, samples were collected at 7th, 15th and 30th days after the start of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. For the control group, the samples were collected similarly at 0 day before treatment. We found that the levels of saliva Ni were statistically significantly constantly higher than beginning of therapy during orthodontic treatment. Also similar results were determined for urine samples. In general, our results suggest that a significant level of corrosion occurs from Ni-Ti alloy wires and this point must be taken into account during orthodontic therapy. In the future, long-term follow- ups and larger samples of patients are needed to evaluate these results. At the same time this approach will be useful for evaluation of biocompatibility of these materials.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P16. INVESTIGATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF SODIUM OMADINE ON DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (ZEBRA MUSSEL) Feriha YILDIRIM1*, Kevser YILMAZ1, Zeynel UYAR2, Figen ERKOÇ2 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500 2Department of Biology Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500

Sodium omadine (NaOM, sodium pyrithione), a pollutant reaching aquatic ecosystems, used in our country and the world, is a wide spectrum antimicrobial preservative. In addition, it is an additive and biocidal (preventing rotting) agent used against bacterial and fungal growth. The aim of the present study is determination of the 7 days acute LC50 value of NaOM on the Dreissena polymorpha, model organism and invasive mussel species of the aquatic ecosystem. Samples of D. polymorpha were taken from Hirfanlı Dam Lake and Kesikköprü Dam and transported to the laboratory under cold conditions, then adapted for one week. Each glass container had 2 L of water and 15 zebra mussels were stocked in aerated dechlorinated municipal tap water. Four different exposure dilutions of sodium omadine (aq. sol., 40%, Arch Chemicals, Inc.) were used for 7 days in the exposure experiments: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 g/L. LC50 (mortality) results were estimated using U.S. EPA Probit Analysis Program v1.5. Average lenghts of the mussels were 14.4 mm (± 3.6). The 7 d LC50 value was estimated as 0.243 g/L (95% confidence interval = 0.735 - 0.016) in the semistatic bioassay setup. One mussel in the control group (n=15) died on 96 h. NaOM was found to be very toxic to this indicator species. The only studies reporting toxicity of NaOM, LC50 values, were trout < 7.3 μg/L and bluegill sunfish 8100 μg/L. These results show NaOM to be very toxic to aquatic organisms, and agree with our results.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P17. DECOLORIZATION OF TOXIC DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH CHITOSAN COMPOSITE BEADS Seda ÇINAR1, Tülin AYDEMIR1, Ahmet ESER1*, Ayşe DINÇER1 1Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department 45140 MANISA *[email protected]

Nowadays, the unaesthetic look of dyes and their toxicological effects have drawn considerable attention toward the contamination caused by industrial effluents. The disposal of dye effluents has always been a major problem to solve and in the past many methods dealing with color removal in textile effluents have been tested. Various methods for removal of toxic dyes from wastewaters have been reported in the literature. Chitosan is well established as an excellent natural adsorbent because its amine (–NH2) and hydroxyl (–OH) groups may serve as coordination sites to form complexes with various effluent. In recent years, a great number of studies on chitosan biosorbents for dye removal have demonstrated. In this study, cross linked chitosan beads were used to remove dyes from aqueous solution in batch adsorption system. Erythrosine was selected as a model dye. Morphology of the chitosan beads were discussed using SEM FTIR and TGA analysis. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Erythrosine such as contact time, pH, temperature, and dye concentration were investigated systematically by batch experiments. Optimum contact time for equilibrium to be achieved is found to be 3 hours. Maximum adsorption capacity of dye was observed at pH 3.5 and 30°C and calculated as 35.83 mg/g. The obtained results showed that the equilibrium adsorption behavior of Erythrosine on chitosan beads can be applied to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters, change in free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also evaluated, indicating that the adsorption of Erythrosine was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P18. EVALUATION OF ARSENIC ISSUE FOR THERMAL RESORTS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA Gül Fidan YENEL AVCI1*, Ibrahim AYDIN2, Fatma ÇAVUŞ1 1Istanbul University Institute of Forensic Sciences, 34303, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey 2Erciyes University Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Melikgazi, Kayseri *[email protected]

Thermal waters contain thermal, mineral and thermo - mineral waters which are used in treatment in the health resorts. Most of these waters are used for bathing cures, drinking cures and inhalation cures beside being an important resource in terms of the health tourism. Turkey has a number of rich thermal waters since its geological structure. A great number of different elements of thermal waters are very useful for treatment purposes of various diseases. However, some thermal waters are not suitable for drinking cures because of their heavy metal contents.

In this study, arsenic rate of thermal waters that are collected throughout Nevsehir in Turkey was analyzed by ICP- MS and the results were evaluated. It was detected that following results; 205.7 µg / L arsenic in Kozakli (thermal water), 20,78 µg/ L arsenic in Bayramhacılı (thermal water), 268,6 µg/ L arsenic and 267,7 µg/ L arsenic Kozaklı (drilling water), 2052 µg/ L arsenic in Haciveli Özbölükler (thermal water). When the values of acceptable limit consider which is 10 µg /L according to the regulation of the Health Ministry of Turkey (Water Intended for Human Consumption) it is revealed that all thermal and drilling waters that we collected contain high amount of Arsenic than the limit value.

Conclusion, these waters can be harmful for public health, for this reason it is required people who live around Nevsehir should be done health control frequently as well as creating a hydrogeochemical map for long-term studies. This is very important to operate the arsenic treatment plant effectively and use it sustainably.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P19. IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY AND APOPTOTIC PROFILE OF RHEUM RIBES Mehmet Kadir ERDOĞAN1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey *[email protected]

Rheum species are medicinally important plants due to the presence of anthracene derivatives occurring in the subterranean parts of the plant. Rheum ribes L. (Polygonaceae) is the source of one of the most important crude drugs in the Middle East, roots are used as oriental laxative medicine and an antipsoriatic drug. R. ribes is locally known as ‘‘ışkın, uçgun or, uçgun’’ and grown mostly in Eastern Turkey, Lebanon and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which Rheum ribes induces antiprolif-erative and apoptotic effects in HT 29 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Dose and time dependent cytotoxic effects of Rheum ribes were evaluated by the 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 y1) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell Proliferation Kit I (MTT) was purchased from Roche (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Briefly, HT 29 cells were seeded at a 1×104 concentration in 96 well plates overnight and then treated with 10 µl MTT labeling reagent. After 4 h, 100 µl of the Solubilization solution was added into each well and incubated 24 h in a humidified atmosphere (+37 °C, 5-6% CO2). Absorbance of the formazan product was measured at 550 and 600 nm wavelenght by Elisa microplate reader. Results are expressed as a percentage of the untreated controls. Cell Death Detection Elisa Kit (Roche) was used to detect apoptotic effect of Rheum ribes, according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Additionally, propidium iodide (50 µg/mL) and ethidium bromide (50 µg/mL) were used for detecting the apoptotic cells. Results were evaluated comparatively and statistically.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P20. CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION: MITES Emre INAK1*, Sultan ÇOBANOĞLU1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Departmant of Plant Protection

People who work on forensic sciences, looking for trustable partners. Among these partners, Mites (Acari) have very important roles, due to they are available in every case, they are perfect witness and they dont lie. There are various possibilities about usage of mites in forensic sciences. Especially, member of Acari plays important role for determination of crime scene and time which is crucial for forensic science. We can cooperate with mites. The mites contribute the humanity and they are first come alive organisms to the dead body. In some cases, carcass can be occupied in a closed area and insects can not penetrate to body. Mites can help us in this type cases too. In such case, mites contribute to human, because they are continuously skin living organisms, especially Demodex spp. (Trombidiformes: Demodicidae) settled to the skin from borning to death. They can live for a period on body, after that they die. They can be used for prediction of crime time. Mites show tremendous diversity in different habitats and localities. Their species can be varying from a room to another, even from upside to downside of a bed. These diversities can help us for find answers in forensic cases. In this study, we are focus on usage of mites in forensic sciences and why we should not overlook mites as perfect hints.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P21. DOES PUERARIN HAVE GENOTOXIC PROPERTIES on MAMMALIAN CELL LINES? Merve BACANLI1*, Hatice Gül ANLAR1,2, A. Ahmet BAŞARAN3, Nurşen BAŞARAN1 1Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology 06100 Ankara, Turkey 2Çukurova University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology 06330 Adana, Turkey 3Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacognosy 06100 Ankara, Turkey

It is well known that free oxygen radicals play important role in the pathogenesis of chronic disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Recent interest in plant phenolics has increased because of their protective effects against free oxygen radicals. Puerarin [7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one 8-(β-D-glucopyranozid)], isoflavone glycoside, primarily derived from Ge-gen (Pueraria lobata, Radix Puerariae). This medicinal plant is commonly used in Chinese folk medicine. Pueraria lobata has been used against alcohol dependency, hypertension, fever, headache, diarrhea and eye disorders. Phytoestrogenic activity of puerarin due to its isoflavone structure is very important in woman diseases. In the present study genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of puerarin were evaluated by alkaline Comet assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79). Cells were treated with 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM puerarin, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as the positive control. According to the study, puerarin did not cause DNA damage. DNA damage was significantly lower in the puerarin + H2O2 treated group when compared to positive control. It seems that puerarin might have a role in the prevention of DNA damage.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P22. EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PUERARIN BY MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY ON MAMMALIAN CELL LINES Hatice Gül ANLAR1,2*, Merve BACANLI1, A. Ahmet BAŞARAN3, Nurşen BAŞARAN1 1Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology 06100 Ankara, Turkey 2Çukurova University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology 06330 Adana, Turkey 3Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacognosy 06100 Ankara, Turkey

It is well known that free oxygen radicals play important role in the pathogenesis of chronic disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Recent interest in plant phenolics has increased because of their protective effects against free oxygen radicals. Puerarin [7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one 8-(β-D-glucopyranozid)], isoflavone glycoside, primarily derived from Ge-gen (Pueraria lobata, Radix Puerariae). This medicinal plant is commonly used in Chinese folk medicine. Pueraria lobata has been used against alcohol dependency, hypertension, fever, headache, diarrhea and eye disorders. Phytoestrogenic activity of puerarin due to its isoflavone structure is very important in woman diseases. In the present study genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of puerarin were assessed by micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (V79). In MN assay, the cells were treated with 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM concentrations of puerarin. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 50 µM, was used as positive control and 1% DMSO was used as negative control. In our study, the cells were treated with different concentrations of puerarin caused no genotoxic effects alone at all studied concentrations as compared with the negative control. MN frequencies of puerarin treated cells were found to be decreased when compared to positive control. It seems that puerarin might have a role in the prevention of genotoxic damage.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P23. THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ARSENIC ON THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM Zeliha KAYAALTI1, Gulibahaer REJIEPU1* 1Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Arsenic is a metalloid found in water, air, and soil from both natural and anthropogenic sources and exists in organic as well as inorganic forms. Arsenic toxicity is being a global health issue influenc-ing millions of people, except from causing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respirato-ry, endocrine, hematopoietic system and skin diseases, neurologic consequences in adults is also associated with acute and chronic arsenic exposure. The hematopoietic system, which is one of the largest organs in the body, is consist of all blood-forming tissues and circulating blood cells. The major function of the hematopoietic system is hematopoiesis, the repeated production of highly spe-cialized mature circulating blood cells responsible for immune (leukocytes), respiratory (hemoglobin in erythrocytes), and hemostatic (thrombocytes/platelets) processes. This system is known to be re-markably vulnerable to change by different drugs and other environmental chemicals, especially trace metals, and it is altogether appropriate, thus, it is regarded as a potential target system for ar-senic compounds in animals which are chronically exposed to these agents. Arsenic exposure influ-ences hematopoietic system including erythrocytes, bone marrow and spleen. Chronic arsenic expo-sure via medication, drinking water or in occupational settings has been associated to hematopoietic changes, such as erythropoiesis, severe granulocytopenia, and infrequently megaloblastic changes, and liver damage. Millions of populations throughout the world continue to be chronically exposed to As by contaminated water and diet, therefore, the necessity for further effort to examine in utero and early life exposure to As is important and essential to defining the potential long-term health consequences of this ubiquitous toxicant.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P24. ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES Ayhan FILAZI1*, Begum YURDAKOK-DIKMEN1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are defined as the most hazardous chemicals due to their low water solubility, high lipophilicity, resistance to biodegradation, toxic effects and bioaccumulation properties. Stockholm Convention as an international environmental treaty, became effective for the ban or restriction of the use of POPs. Consequently, monitoring and risk assessment of these chemicals have become a global concern and received great importance. Prioritized pollutants including POPs are monitored routinely from environmental samples regardless the restricted resources. Measurement of pollutants in environment are laborious, expensive and usually contains more than one procedure. Moreover, these analyses were frequently advanced aiming one class of contaminants, consequently cannot correspond the demand of monitoring multiple pollutants at the same time from the environmental samples. The precise analysis of POPs requires selective and sensitive methods. The conventional extraction methods generally start with a homogenization step, followed by one or more steps of purification to remove coextracted interferences before instrumental analysis. For satisfactory purification of sample extracts, the choice of an appropriate adsorbent and eluent solution is important and depends mainly on the chemical properties of the target analytes as well as the sample matrix. Several interlaboratory comparison studies and proficiency testing programs are in place throughout the world. Nevertheless, there are imminent challenges in accurate and precise analysis of POPs in complex environmental matrices. This presentation will provide a brief and systematic description of the methods for the measurement of POPs in complex sample matrices, with the emphasis on analytical methods.

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P25. DOES FIPRONIL HAS THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECT ON NEUROBLASTOMA SH-SY5Y CELL LINE? Özge Nur KANAT1*, Güldeniz SELMANOĞLU1 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.

In our country, fipronil, an insecticide that is used to spraying mainly cereals, maize and sunflower, causes negative effects on nervous system. It is known that the insecticide causes changes in the number and morphology of nerve cell. In the present study, it was investigated the cytotoxic effect of fipronil in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Accordingly, SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 125, 250 and 500 µM fipronil doses and incubated for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of the fipronil was analysed by MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, as an in vitro cell growth inhibition assay and LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) assay, to determine the cell membrane damage. Experiments have been triplicated and the cell cytotoxicity was defined as% in all group. The MTT assay results revealed that fipronil significantly reduced cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. Cell death increased apparently time dependent manner in all doses group, especially 500 µM fipronil. Release of LDH was detected in the culture medium. The LDH assay results revealed that fipronil significantly increased cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner. Cell viability was significantly diminished in all doses group, especially 500 µM fipronil. We observed that the results of both tests are consistent with each other. According to the results; toxicity increases depending on time and dose manner. After this preliminary study, further detailed investigation will be performed.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P26. PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCE USE IN KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' Esra DEMIRARSLAN1*, Zeynep ARABACI2, Canan KAS GÜNER3, Atila ÇAĞLAR4 1Kastamonu University Fazil Boyner Health Nursing Department, 37100 Kastamonu Turkey 2Kastamonu University Tosya Vocational School, 37100 Kastamonu Turkey 3Kastamonu University Taşköprü Vocational School, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey, 4Kastamonu University Faculty of Education Department of Elementary Science Education 37100 Kastamonu Turkey *[email protected]

Substance use is; threatening the youth, costly to the economy and health, incurable chronic disease. Recognized as the causative agent of chronic disease, substances are also described as doping. In this study, information related to the substance use of students from Kastamonu University are included. Methods: study was conducted in three campuses. The universe was 12841 students educated during 2012-2013 academic year. The sample was collected from three campuses, selected by randomly 10% of the universe, calculated as 1284, 1463 students were reached. Was conducted in December 2014. "Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Substance Use of University Students" survey was applied to the students. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, percent, variance), single-sample Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, x2, ANOVA; Games-Howell post hoc was used for analyzing. Conclusion: The substance heart by students mostly is cannabis (n=1193). This was followed by heroin (n=1090), ecstasy (n=989) and crack (n=872). First tried substances were cannabis (n=1219) and LSD (n=190). Not knowing what it was trying are located on the third (n=22). Most of the students have declared that they obtained the substances for first try from someone they know, but not personal (n=154). That one of his friends (n=46), buying from someone they did not know (n=11) and receiving older family members (n=10) are followed. Almost all of the students declared that they tried for the first time before the age of 15 for all substances. Students generally tend to not declare their campuses. They were statistically not significant between campuses (p>0.05).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P27. POLLUTION CAUSED BY INDUSTRY AND HEALT EFFECTS Sakine Ugurlu KARAAĞAÇ1 1Karabuk University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department Demirçelik Kampusu, 78050- Karabuk, Turkey.

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment from different sources. Increased urbanization in parallel with the rapid population growth, and rapid increase in industrial organization in parallel with developments in science and technology revealed the environmental pollution problems. Main types of pollution are water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, biological and nuclear pollution. Water pollution; Most industries require large amounts of water for their work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes into contact with heavy metals, harmful chemicals, radioactive waste and organic sludge. Air pollution: The most damaging greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, is released into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels and factory emissions contribute greatly to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Soil pollution: Industrial pollution is clearly one of the biggest contributors to our polluted landscapes. There are plenty of causes of land pollution, from urban and industrial ones, to rural and agricultural sources. Among the causes of industrial pollution, lack of policies to control pollution, unplanned industrial growth, use of outdated technologies, presence of large number of small scale industries and inefficient waste disposal are the most importants. Effects of Industrial Pollution: Most industries require large amounts of water for their work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes into contact with heavy metals, harmful chemicals, radioactive waste and even organic sludge. Soil pollution is creating problems in agriculture and destroying local vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues to the people that come in contact with such soil on a daily basis. Air pollution has led to a steep increase in various illnesses and it continues to affect us on a daily basis. The issue of industrial pollution concerns every nation on the planet. As a result, many steps have been taken to seek permanent solutions to the problem. Better technology is being developed for disposal of waste and recycling as much polluted water in the industries as possible.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P28. COMBINATIONAL EFFECT OF ALYSSUM PATERI SUBSP. PROSTRATUM AND 5-FU ON HT-29 AND PC-3 CANCER CELL LINES Mehmet Kadir ERDOĞAN1*, Lütfi BEHÇET1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey *[email protected]

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family is widely distributed in the world with 350 genera and about 3500 species. The species of this family have many health-promoting phytochemicals such as minerals, fat, vitamins, phenolic compounds and soluble sugars, and different species of Brassicaceae reduce the oxidative damage and have anticarcinogenetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory effects. A. pateri subsp. prostratum is a perennial member of Brassicaceae. 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (22.09 %), 1,8-cineole (11.91 %), thiobis- methane (6.43 %), 2,6,10-trimethylpentadecane (6.05 %) and hexadecane (4.19 %) is the major constituents of the essential oil of A. pateri subsp. prostratum. The aim of this study was examined the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the aerial parts of Alyssum pateri Nyár subsp. prostratum (Nyár) Dudley, which growing in Turkey, and combination of these extracts with 5-FU. Cell Proliferation Kit I (MTT) and Cell Death Detection Elisa Kit from Roche (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) were used to determine the apoptotic and cytotoxic effect of Alyssum pateri subsp. prostratum extracts on HT-29 human colorectal cancer and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Propidium iodide and ethidium bromide were used for monitoring the apoptotic and necrotic cells.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P29. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF Russula chloroides, Ganoderma adspersum and Inonotus hispidus EXTRACTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GLUTATHIONE-S- TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY Naznoosh SHOMALİ1, Okan ONAR1, Ilgaz AKATA1, Tuğçe ALKAN1, Özlem YILDIRIM1* 1Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Medicinal mushrooms show an ideal food nature due to their low sugar and oil content, nutritional value and especially because of being good diet products. Medicinal mushrooms may include functions such as antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotektif and antidiabetic. Nowadays there is a growing interest in new drugs against secondary metabolites derived from fungi and for the discovery of precursor compounds. These bioactive components are becoming popular sources of natural antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents. In this study, the extracts that were prepared from Russula chloroides, Ganoderma adspersum and Inonotus hispidus species obtained from the Black Sea region, were analyzed for the flavonoids and phenolic compound content. Also their effects on activity and level of enzymes of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which plays role in cellular oxidative defense and xenobiotic detoxification mechanism were be examined. In comparing antioxidant capacities, I. hispidus was found to be a better antioxidant than the other two species. The same fungi were also evaluated for their effect on GST activities and among the studies fungi I. hispidus was the most efficient activator effect on the GST.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P30. THOUGHTS ON THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF NATURAL GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS Hüseyin YALÇIN1, Sema TETİKER2* 1Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, SİVAS 2Batman University, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Department of Geological Engineering, BATMAN *[email protected]

The sources as solid (rock, mineral), liquid (water, oil) and gaseous formed in the Earth are known as natural substances. Human beings are interaction with the Earth's layers (geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) where they live in every day. This relationship is carried out by entering of the element and mineral resources to the body by way of eating, drinking, breathing and dermal absorption. Most of these sources are useful for the essential foods for human life, while some are harmful. In other words, many of these materials taken into the body in excessive amounts by inhalation, digestion and skin are harmful, even these may be toxic and/or deadly effects. These affects lead to carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic changes by causing the disorders of digestive, respiratory, urinary, circulatory and nervous systems. Natural (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, wind erosion in arid environments and marine / trans-oceanic transports) anthropogenic (mining and industrial activities) and cosmogenic dusts and aerosols spread into the atmosphere may cause toxic effects. Harmful solid (ash), liquid and gases (N-, C- and S-oxides, hydrocarbons, HF2, HCl, H2S) to health emerge by volcanic eruptions in natural processes. Some minerals such as chrysotile and/or amphibole (asbestosis), erionite (erionitosis), silica (silicosis), coal (black lung), native Fe and Fe-oxides (siderosis), talc (talkosis) and fluorite (fluorosis) during anthropogenic activities threaten the environmental health. Metals (Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi), metalloid (As), non-metallic (SA), alkali (Li), alkaline-earth (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra), halogen (F, I) and radioactive elements / radionuclides (Th, U, K, Ra, Rn) related to the mineral compositions cause endemic diseases. As a consequence; human is in continuous interaction with natural materials with organic and inorganic origin in the living area. The main external causes of diseases are natural and artificial hazardous in habitats (soil, air, water) and also occupational exposures as well as pathogens increase dramatically in recent years. Therefore, the close relationship between geological processes and materials should care to maintain physical, mental, social, cultural and economic health of the society in the future.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P31. EFFECST OF SOME ANTIINFLAMATORY-ANTIRHEUMATIC AND ANALGESICS DRUGS ON PERCENTAGE OF SURVIVAL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER Pınar ARSLAN1, Rabia SARIKAYA2* 1Department of Biology Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara 2Department of Primary School Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara

According to Turkey Drug Market Survey Report-1, the antiinflamatory-antirheumatic products market rate were 40.77% and the analgesics 10.58% in total. It is an indicator that these drugs are prescribe frequently andunconsciously. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate potential effect of diclofenac sodium, active ingredient of antiinflamatory and antirheumaticdrug A and paracetamol, propyphenazone and caffeine, the active ingredient of the B analgesic formulation on survival percentage of Drosophila melanogaster (mwhxflr3). Trans-heterozygous larvae, 72h the mwh-flr3 Drosophila cross were chronically fed with distilled water for the control group; 0.1 and 1 mg/mL concentrations of drug A; 0.45 and 4.5 mg/mL concentrations of drug B for experimental groups. During the experiment, 3 g Drosophila medium was wetted with 10 mL test solution, and 100 larvae were embedded in the medium for each group. After the experiment, the percentage of survival between experimental and control groups were compared using Chi-squared test. The survival percentages of Drosophila melanogaster (mwhxflr3) were calculated as77 in 0.1 and 75 in 1 mg/mL in drug A; 74 in 0.45 mg/mL and 71 4.5 mg/mL in drug B; 97 in the control group. Only Drug B is toxic at higher dose (0.45 mg/mL).

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P32. SOME ENZYMATIC AND HEMATOLOGIC PARAMETERS OF NILE FISH (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) IN ZINC (Zn) AND ZINC+OLEUOROPEIN (Zn+OE) EXPOSURE Ahmet Turan ALADAĞ1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey *[email protected]

Nile fish, Oreochromis niloticus, were exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc (Zn) and oleuropein (OE), olive leaf extracts, mixtures. Hematological parameters RBC and Hb, also serum AST and ALT enzymatic activities were investigated. Fish were exposed to 2.0 mg/L of ZnCl2 (0.25 of Zn LC50) and Zn+OE mixture (2.0 mg/L Zn+2.0 mg/L OE) for 7 days. Enzymatic parameters of fish blood were determined by spectrophotometric method. Hematological results (RBC and HB) were significantly increased with Zn exposure (p<0.05). However, Zn+OE mix was significantly decreased. The Zn exposure to O. niloticus increased enzymatic parameters (ALT and AST). But, the mixture of Zn+OE caused an reduce for the toxic effect of Zn on enzymatic parameters. The results of our study showed that OE has a protective effect against toxicity induced by Zn. All hematological and enzymatic parameters were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) in Zn+OE concentrations.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P33. INVESTIGATION OF TOXICITY OF HYDROXYUREA ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (mwhxflr3) Ayca KARASAHINOGLU1, Pınar ARSLAN1, Rabia SARIKAYA2* 1Department of Biology Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara 2Department of Primary Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara [email protected]

Hydroxyurea, a cytostatic compound specific to the S phase of cell division, prevents deoxyribonucleotide synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase. In this study, hydroxyurea toxicity, a retinoid and active ingredient of antineoplastics, was investigated on Drosophila melanogaster (mwhxflr3). 72-h trans-heterozygous larvae which are the mwhxflr3 Drosophila cross were chronically fed with 4 and 8 µg/mL concentrations of the hydroxyurea. Distilled water was used for the control group. During the experiments, 3 g medium was wet with a 10 mL exposure solution, and 100 larvae in each group were embedded in the medium. Adult flies were counted after metamorphosis. Statistically significant differences in percent survival between the experimental and control groups were compared by using Chi-squared Test. The percentage of survival was 53 in 4 µg/mL hydroxyurea, 58% in 8 µg/mL hydroxyurea. In the distilled water control group, the percentage of survival was 97. There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the control group between the survival percentage of 4 and 8 µg/mL hydroxyurea exposure groups and that of the control group (p<0.001). The results are significant for reporting hydroxyurea to be toxic to Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Investigation of hydroxyurea toxicity using different experimental animals will be significant in terms of risk assessment.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P34. HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THIOUREA DIOXIDE ON ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) GILLS Nazan Deniz YÖN1, Zeynep İŞEL1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Cansu AKBULUT1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Sakarya, Tukey 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Tukey

Investigations the histogical effects of thiourea dioxide on gill tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Thioureadioxide is an organosulfur compound which is a strong reducing agent. It is generally used as decolorisation agent, bleach in textile industry. In the other industrial fields such as leather processing, photographic, paper, pulp and board industry it has a wide range of use. Industrial waste products have been contaminated aquatic environment day after day. After one week adaptation period zebrafish divided into three group (n=10) as one control and 2 experimental groups (3mM, 4.5mM). For investigating the effects of thiourea dioxide, intestine tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration was carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. Tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin (H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal gill histology has been observed. In 3 mM thiourea dioxide exposed group, total fusion, dysmorphism and vacuolization at secondary lamellae, hypertrophy at secretory cells, vacuolization and hyperplasia at primary lamellae structure were detected. In 4.5 mM thiourea dioxide exposed group, severe deterioration at secondary lamellae structure, hyperplasia and vacuolization at primary lamellae and degeneration at secretory cells were observed.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P35. SCHELEE’S GREEN: IT COULD BE A KILLER FOR NAPOLEON! Ebru KARADENIZ1* 1Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Toxicology 06590, Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Schelee’s Green discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1742 a native German chemist who resided in Sweden. It known as ‘Arsenide of Copper’, also ‘Hydro Cupric Arsenide’,‘Mineral Green’ and ‘Swedish Green’ is composed of arsenide of copper and represented by the Formula CuHAsO2. It has strikingly fine light green color and it was used dye cotton, linen, as a pigment for paper, wax candles and even some children’s toys. Two main theories on the cause of wallpaper poisoning events have been proposed: dust particles caused by pigment and paper flaking and toxic gas production. Tiny particles of the pigment can flake off and become airborne and containing arsenic following certain chemical processes, such as heating or metabolised by an organism. When the wallpaper becomes damp and moldy, the pigment may be metabolised, causing the release of poisonous arsine gas (AsH3). Fungi genera such as Scopulariopsis or Paecilomycos release arsine gas, when they are growing on a substance containing arsenic. During Napoleon’s exile in St. Helena, he resided in a very luxurious room painted bright green, his favourite color. His cause of death is generally believed to be stomach cancer and arsenic exposure has been linked to an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Analysis of his hair samples revealed significant amounts of arsenic. As St. Helena has a rather damp climate, it is not unlikely fungus grew on the walls. It has also been suggested that the presence of such abnormally high levels of arsenic might be due to attempts preserving his body.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P36. ACUTE TOXICITY OF SYNTHETIC PYRETROID PESTICIDE ESBIOTHRIN ON GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata) Aysel Çağlan KARASU BENLI1*, Aysegül ÖCAL2 1Gazi University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, TURKEY 2Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, Ankara, TURKEY

The acute toxic effects of esbiothrin, a synthetic piretroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems was investigated on fish in the present study. Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), standart species for bioassays according to OECD, was selected as a test animal for determination of the acute toxicity of esbiothrin. Experiments were conducted in two stages as range finding test and main test. In each experiment, six different esbiothrin concentrations and two control groups have been used. The experiment has been carried out with static bioassay method on three series during 96 h. Datas were evaluated using the U.S. E.P.A. LC50 computer program based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Method. According to bioassay results 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 (95% confidence limits) values for guppy exposed to esbiothrin [(RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl- 4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1R, 3R)-2,2 dimethyl -3-(2-methylprop-1- enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] were 173.57 (137.10-229.86) µg/L, 129.83 (98.33-162.27) µg/L, 106.71 (79.59-132.76) µg/L, 91.55 (67.19-115.78) µg/L, respectively. It has been observed that, contrary to control group, guppy exposed to different concentrations of esbiothrin were swimmed upside down, crowded at the water surface of the aquarium, some of them moved rapidly or slowly before death, and showed abnormal swimming. After death, some fish had swollen abdomen and hemorrhage at the base of the fins. Esbiothrin is found extremely toxic to guppy, a standard bioassay organism.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P37. DETERMINATION OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL IMIDACLOPRID ON NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) Aysel Çağlan KARASU BENLI1*, Belda ERKMEN2, Zuhal YILDIRIM3, Ramazan MERT4, Figen ERKOÇ5 1Gazi University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500,Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey 3Etimesgut Public Health Laboratory, Ankara, 06770, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Art andScience, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, 50300, Turkey 5Department of BiologyEducation, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500, Turkey

Imidacloprid (1[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl]-N-nitro-2-imi- dazolidinimine, chloronicotyl (CAS No: 105827-78-9)), neonicotinoid insecticide, is an extensively used insecticide for crop protection in the world wide from the last decade due to its low soil persistence and high insecticidal activity at low application rate. The acute and sublethaleffects ofimidacloprid on non-target organisms are not well known on aquatic life. The aim of the present study is to determine the histopathological effects of sublethalimidacloprid on the standard non-target test organism, Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Experiments were conducted at two concentrations (50 and 100 mg/Limidacloprid) with two control groups (control and control with acetone). 60 L glass aquariaswere used with aeration. The mean weight and length of tilapia were 34.07± 1.49 g and 12.85±0.18 cm, respectively. After exposure to 24 and 96 h to sublethalimidacloprid concentrations, the fish were sacrificed under ice anesthesia and fixed with buffered 10% formalin. Routine histological procedures were processedand tissue sections were stained with H&E. Following exposure to sublethalimidacloprid caused some lesions on gill and liver tissues. There is no significant histopathological findings were observed on the other tissues when compared to control groups. Gill tissues showed hyperemia, epitelial lifting, fusion of secondary lamellae and talengiectasia, whereas hyperemia and hydropic degeneration were observed in the liver tissues. Imidacloprid was affected on cellular level even in sublethal concentrations.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P38. TOXIC NANOPARTICLES AND TOXICITY Hikmet Y. ÇOĞUN1*, Ahmet Turan ALADAĞ2, Tüzin AYTEKIN2, Özgür FIRAT3, Gülbin FIRIDIN4, Ferit KARGIN2 1Cukurova University, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey; 2Cukurova University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adana, Turkey 3Adıyaman University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adıyaman, Turkey 4Life Science Research and Application Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey * [email protected]

Nowadays research of nanoparticles (NPs) has increasingly found practical use in technology, and medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic scale of 100 nm or less, has led to numerous use wide applications in electronics, chemicals and biological medicine. Environmental pollution from nanoparticles (NPs) is the most important of the normal structure of tissues of humans and animals. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for many years industrial and consumer goods including paints, coatings, adhesives, textiles cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. NPs cause a toxic effect when it used over. This review is also presented as a common foundation for scientists interested in nanoparticles, their activity and biological effects. This review also provides a step by step approach for the easy and clear identification of healthy from NPs.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P39. PFASs: THE BIOACCUMULATIVE AND TOXIC LAST INDUSTRIAL PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANT Nesrin İÇLİ1* 1Kastamonu University Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey

During the last few decade, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been widely used in industrial products. Perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are a diverse class of POPs and being widely dispersed anthropogenic chemicals. PFASs include perfluorinated sulfonates such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). PFASs are worldwide environmental contaminants with widespread presence in both the environment and the humans. PFOS and its congeners are best known large family of PFASs. PFOS and related substances are excellent surface-active compounds that having extremely low surface tensions. Therefore, PFOS and its congeners have been used widely in industrial processes for more than 50 years. It is present in a range of consumer products such as electronic appliances, fire-fighting foams, water proof for textile and leather, fire/stain/water/grease repellents for carpets, clothing or in non-stick surfaces for cooking materials, floor waxes, food packaging, industrial surfactants, Pesticides (Sulfluramid); aviation fluids air plains, etc. PFOS and derivatives are chemically inert and thermal stabil compounds. Due to, they are not being easily degraded by physical, chemical or biological mechanisms in the environment. Thus, they are persistent in the environment and bioacumulative compounds. Its half-life in humans is about 5 years. Therefore, at an international level, PFOS was added to the Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on POPs in 2009 (UNEP 2010). PFOS are non lipofilic, differently from the classic POPs. This nature of PFOS can lead to increased affinity for proteins. Because of this affinity, they accumulate mainly in organs such as liver, kidney, brain and spleen. Additionally, PFOS shows several toxic properties, such as endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic activity, hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This review will discuss current and recently published research investigating the toxic effects of PFASs in laboratory animals and humans.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P40. A DOSE–RESPONSE STUDY FOLLOWING IN VIVO EXPOSURE TO DI (2- ETHYLHEXYL)-PHTHALATE (DEHP): HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNO HISTOCHEMICAL, MORPHOMETRIC AND HORMONAL EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PUBERTAL MALERATS Gözde KARABULUT1*, Nurhayat BARLAS1 Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06800, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEHP on there productive system of malerats. Pubertal 24 male Wistar albino rats were exposed to 100,200 and 400 mg/kg/day of DEHP by gavage for 28 days and at the end of the study, testes, epididiymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland were taken and investigated histopathologically. Also, in serum, testosterone was measured with testosterone kit. Seminiferous tubules of testis were scored for tubule diameter, lumen diameter and height of tubule epithelium. In testis, the Tunel method was applied and evaluated. There was no significant difference between first and final body weights. In 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of DEHP, absolute right and left testes weights were decreased. DEHP exposure caused congestion, degeneration of tubules and tubular atrophy in testis, tight lumens of tubules, tubuleswithout sperm andless sperm in thelumen in epididiymis, atrophic tubules and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and decrement of secretion and cells in the lumen in seminal vesicle. The testosterone was decreased in all treatment groups compared to the control group. There were shown apoptotic cells in the lumen of testes in dose groups with using Tunel method. Luminal diameter and tubular diameter were increased in 100 mg/kg/day of DEHP dose group compared to the other groups statistically significant. Epithelial length had the highest level in 400 mg/kg/day of DEHP dose group. This study showed that DEHP has side effects on male reproductive system histologically and hormonal.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P41. EFFECT OF SOME BEVERAGES ON THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER SURVIVAL PERCENTAGE Rabia SARIKAYA1, Kübra KARABAY2, Figen ERKOÇ2* 1Department of PrimaryEducation, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara 2Department of BiologyEducation, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara *[email protected]

Energy drinks are a group of products that are advertised as being able to provide alertness and energy, and conteract sleepiness. In this study, different types of energy drinks and some beverages have been evaluated for toxic effectsin Drosophila melanogaster individual. During the experiments, 1.5 g medium was wettedwith5mLbeverages and100 third-instar larvae were chronically fed with the Drosophila instant medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. The experiments were repeated 3 times for each beverage. 5 mL water was used as control group. Statistically significant differences in percentsurvival between experimental and controlgroups were compared byusingChi-squaredtest. After the experiments, percentages of survival were found to be 83% for Black colt, 86% for Power ball, 91% for Buzzer, 97% for Powerade, 83% for Lion Club, 93% for Coca cola, 94% for Pepsi 96% for Fanta, 0% for Turkish rakı (pure), 0% for Turkish rakı (70 %) and 99% for water control. There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the controlgroup between survivalpercentage of 100 % and 70 %Turkish rakıgroups and that of the controlgroup (p<0.001).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P42. TOXIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM OMADINE ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER LARVAE Rabia SARIKAYA1, Mehmet Edenbuğa2, Figen ERKOÇ2* 1Department of Biology Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara 2Department of Primary Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara *[email protected]

Wood is an importantbuilding and construction material and its importance and use continues to increase. For its various uses, wood must be protected from attack by insects, fungi and other organisms. Sodiumomadine (NaOM) is the water soluble biyocidal wood preservative. 72-h trans-heterozygous Drosophila larvae were chronically fed with 0,2 µg/mL; 0,4 µg/mL and 0,8 µg/mLconcentrations of the NaOM. Distilled water was used for the control group. During the experiments, 1.5 g medium was wetted with 5 mLexposuresolution, and 100 larvae in eachgroup were embedded in the medium. Adult flies were counted after metamorphosis. Statistically significant differences in percent survival between experimental and controlgroups were compared by using Chi-squared Test. The survival percentages of Drosophila melanogaster were calculated as 85 in 0.2 µg/mL; 71 in 0,4 µg/mL; 68 in 0,8 µg/mL and 98 in the control group. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the control group between survival percentage of 0,4 µg/mL and 0,8 µg/mL NaOM exposure groups and that of the control group (p< 0.05). Investigation of NaOM toxicity using different experimental animals will be significant.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P43. EXAMINATION OF GRAINS FOR AFLATOXIN Halil DEMIREL1*, M. Kürşat DEMIR1 1Necmettin Erbakan University

Give inform about the dangers of aflatoxin and propose a solution toxin development in grain products. Empirical mycotoxins research in grains on a national basis examined, it has been compiled in this study. Aflatoxins are one of the most toxic mycotoxins and they are constitutively carcinogenic seconder metabolite of A. flavus ve A. parasiticus strains. When the moisture content of the grain 17-19 % range, A. flavus development starts. The age, sex, exposure-dose, diet and some health factors affect the degree of toxicity. Aflatoxins are mutagenic, carcinogenic and a teratogenic effect of acute toxicity has been observed in animals and in humans. The liver is the most impressible organ with regard to aflatoxins which toxins affect DNA-RNA synthesis and some metabolic systems. Grains are not contaminated with mold while they are growing but despite the low water content mature products appear to be contaminated with mold quickly if left on the ground. Even if contaminated molds generates mycotoxin; product moisture content, temperature, processing and relative humidity at storage active for toxin synthesis. If we consider molds are mostly found in soil, products not directly storage at soil, grains drift away from soil and harvest in time are points to take into consideration. it is recommended that grains in silos storage at under controlled atmospheric conditions with controlling the amount of oxygen, temperature and moisture. Becouse this conditions lead to the development of mold and products prevent from wetting in harvest at rainy regions. Also should be give weight to toxin analysis (especially aflatoxin analysis) in risky product groups for grains.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P44. "CRACK" COCAINE INDUCED MULTIPLE ORGAN DAMAGE Oya GÜVEN1, Feruza TURAN SÖNMEZ2*, Dilay SATILMIŞ3, Harun GÜNEŞ2 1Medical Park Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2Duzce School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Duzce, Turkey 3Esenyurt State Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

Substance use disorders may have dramatic consequences. We report a case of acute multiple organ fairly related to heroin and cocaine-"Crack" consumption. A 27-year-old man was brought to emergency department unconscious with history of drug abuse. On physical examination his Glasgow coma scale was 10. On neurologic examination besides unresponsiveness bilateral reactive mydriatic pupils were detected. Blood gas analyses showed metabolic acidosis with pH 7.19, Lac: 10 and K+:7.6. Blood biochemistry showed acute kidney fairly; Cr: 2.56, and acute hepatic injury: ALT: 2597 and AST 1795, amylase 700. Blood ethanol level was within legal levels: 3.8. Computed tomography of brain performed in order to evaluate central disorder showed no abnormality and magnetic resonance imaging of brain reported internal border zone ischemia. Despite flood resuscitation organ dysfunction sustained: Urea: 62, Cr: 3.7, ALT>2215, AST>1800, CK: 432, CK-MB 474, CRP: 106, INR: 1.29, and hematuria presented. Narcotic screening reported opiate and cocaine presence. He was taken to dialysis program. The patient suffered a tonic seizure during observation which was treated with 5 mg diazepam intravenously. After totally 7 dialyses liver enzymes reduced, however kidney fairly remained. On day 8 renal parameters were urea: 60 and Cr: 7 and he was discharged from intensive unite. That drugs affect many systems separately is known, but with this case we wanted to emphasize that such chemicals may lead to a chain of reactions resulting with multiple organ dysfunctions.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P45. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRIBENURON METHYL SPLEEN TISSUE OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) Nazan Deniz YÖN1, Burcu ÖZTÜRK1*, Cansu AKBULUT1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Serdivan SAKARYA TURKEY

Examination the histopathological effects of tribenuron methyl on spleen tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Tribenuron methyl is an herbicide that used to control dicots in cereals and fallow land. It inhibits the synthesis of aminoacids, specifically valine and isoleucine, which prevents cell division and cell growth. It is generally applied as spray and it access to soil directly and transferred to the roots. Pesticides access aquatic ecosystems via ground waters and affect water quality and aquatic life. In our study, examination the histopathological effects of tribenuron methyl on spleen tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Zebrafish were raised in a computer-controlled incubation chamber, and received 14 hours of daylight and 10 hours of darkness everyday. After one-week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and 3 experimental groups (40mg/L, 80mg/L, 120mg/L). For investigating the effects of tribenuron methyl, spleen tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. After tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin(H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal spleen histology was observed. Normal splenic lymphoid tissue was monitored. Melanin pigments and melanomacrophage cells were monitored clearly. In 40 mg/L exposure group, spleen sections have revealed that magnitude of tissue alterations have sharply declined from severe degrees. Vacuolization were observed milder forms. Disintegration of milder form were monitored. Vacuolation without necrosis were detected. In 80 mg/L exposure group, increased amount of vacuolization and hyperplasia in the melanomacrophage cells were observed at splenic tissue. Vacuolization were observed melanin pigments. In 120 mg/L exposure group, necrosis was observed at melanomacrophage center. Vacuolization was detected at melanomacrophage. Histopathological lesions were observed in the splenic tissues and the spleens appeared showing an increase in melanin pigments. As a result, with this study, it is proved that tribenuron methyl cause deterioration in fish spleen tissues.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P46. CHEMICAL ORIGINATED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN ÇORUM Ömer YURDAKUL1*, Dursun Ali KÖSE1 1Hitit Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü, ÇORUM *[email protected]

In accordance with Article 14 of 5510 Social Security and General Health Insurance Law, Occupational Disease has defined as “That the insured suffers temporary or permanent illness is physical or mental disabilities, due to the nature of the work or his work as a repeating reason or because of the conditions of work execution. According to No. 6331 Occupational Health and Safety Law, Occupational disease is defined as the diseases resulting from exposure to occupational risk. International Labour Organization has defined occupational disease in the Protocol of 2002 to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) as “covers any disease contracted as a result of an exposure to risk factors arising from work activity”. Occupational diseases are divided into four groups including caused by Chemical agents, Physical agents, Biological agents and psycho-social agents. Chemical originated occupational diseases are classified into three groups as Heavy metal originated, aliphatic- aromatic compound originated and gas originated occupational diseases. In the present study, Chemical Originated Occupational Diseases, the distribution by sector of these diseases, changes according to age and years were examined on the basis of Social Security Administration data in Çorum the last five years.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P47. A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL (As, Pb, Cd and Hg) TOXICITY ON INFANTS Selda SERT1,*, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1Directorship of Chemistry Laboratory, Test and Calibration Centre Department, Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), Gebze Quality Campus, Cumhuriyet Neighbourhood, 2258 Avenue, 10, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey 2Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey

Heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, aluminum and copper constitute one of the most significant pollutant groups in the world. They are considered toxic and hazardous to human being like many organisms due to their poisoning potential even at low concentrations. They may not inflict heavy damages on the general populations but it is not the same for fetuses and neonates since they are much more vulnerable to the all kinds of toxicity owing to their immature detoxification systems. Arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury acknowledged as the most toxic ones are transferred from mother to child during pregnancy without any filtration by placenta. It could be said that placenta is the biological access of environmental hazards and maternal transfer to the fetus. However, there are not many data concerned with the toxic effects of these metals on infants. It appears that exposure to arsenic during pregnancy may increase the risk of mental and developmental deficiency or even worse fetal and infant death. Exposure to lead during pregnancy may cause the physical and cognitive development of infant adversely. Cadmium may harm the placenta and retard weight gain of the new born. Mercury may also have adverse effects on nervous system of infant. In this paper, a review is presented on the studies related to heavy metal (As, Pb, Cd and Hg) toxicity on infants accompanied by pregnants. The hazard identification and risk characterization of these metals have also been discussed in the paper.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P48. CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN TURKISH CHILDREN WORKING IN FURNITURE AND SHOES MAKING SECTORS Aliye MANDIRACIOĞLU1*, Safiye ÖZVURMAZ2 1Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health, Izmir, Turkey 2Adnan Menderes University, School of Health Science

Furniture and shoes making sectors are highly worker oriented and children aged 15-17 years who are engaged in hazardous working. Working children are exposed to dangerous chemicals especially solvents. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore young workers’ perceptions of health and safety hazards of chemical substances in their work-places. The study involved 24 young workers engaged in painting varnishing and gluing process in micro or small enterprises. Interviews with children were conducted for collecting qualitative data. The interviews allowed participants spontaneously to share information on open-ended questions. The collecting information was analyzed qualitatively using tabulation. All of the participants were males, the mean age was15.5±1.2 years old (12-17). Mean working hour was 11.8±0.8/ day (10-14). All of the working children were out of school and living in urban slum. Most of the children were smoking. All of the workers stated that they receive insufficient occupational exposure information. Furniture workers reported that their workplaces had ventilation systems and only one of workers used protective masks while at work. But all of the shoes making workers reported that their work-places had no ventilation systems and they had no protective equipments. When asked about what work-related health risk they might face, all of the participants referred to dust and chemical agents. Children reported major health problems due to the dust and chemical inhalation were coughs, headaches, skin complaints, irritability and dizziness. Participants were aware of the potential dangers of exposuring to chemical substances and worried about the effects of chemical substances on their health.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P49. THE ROLE OF METAL METABOLISM IN OXIDATIVE STRESS Yasemin KARTAL*1, 2, Esra BALCIOĞLU2, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1 Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey 2 Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey [email protected]

Metals are divided into two groups including essential and nonessential, play important roles in biological processes. Changes in metal ion homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress. This instance provides information that gene polymorphisms of enzymes and proteins involved in metal toxicokinetics causes possibly symptomatic effects for numerous diseases including cancer due to playing an important role in metal ion homeostasis. Therefore, there is an important relationship between metal-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Several metals like arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) induce redox reactions and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For example, as which is one of the metals with an interest in sulfhydryl groups has a prooxidative effect. As inhibits antioxidative enzymes leads to depletion of intracellular glutathione. In addition, as inhibits the biological activity and great numbers of protein metabolism such as cysteine and metallothionein. Co increases the toxic oxygen radicals by influencing the metabolism of free radicals and causes changes in the catabolic defense enzymes activity. As a result of this, it disrupts the balance of antioxidant. After entering the pulmonary absorption, the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr(III) may reveal ROS which can lead to DNA damage and oxidative stress. As for lead, it induces damage not only production of ROS but also depletion of the cellular antioxidant pool. Similarly, exposure to copper at high levels decreases glutathione levels. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of metal metabolism related to oxidative stress.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P50. DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL A (BPA) ON TOTAL HEMOCYTE COUNTS IN FRESHWATER MUSSELS (Unio mancus) Feriha YILDIRIM1*, Leila MEHRNIA1, Pınar ASLAN2, Kevser YILMAZ1, A.Çağlan KARASU BENLI1, Figen ERKOÇ1 1Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500 2Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, 06500

Bisphenol A (BPA), is a synthetical chemical that is widely used in polycarbonate plasticsandchemical adhesive resins. There are many studies about that the development and reproduction system negatively affects in various vertebrate and invertebrate organisms by this chemical which has effects of endocrine disruptors identified. However, in the determination of the amount of damage that is still uncertainty and continues research. In this study, total number of hemocytes were examined to determine the potential damage of BPA on the reproduction and body systems of Unio mancus eucirrus Bourguignat, 1860 (Bivalvia) which is a species of freshwater mussels. The mussels, that have been collected from Sinop-Karasu stream (average lenght 55,2±3,46 mm and average weight 21,97±4,30 g), are carried out in 15 liter tanks by putting 15 mussels in each, after 15 days adaptation in dechlorinated tap water supplied in the laboratory. They were exposed to four different sublethal BPA doses (0.1 mg/L¸ 1 mg/L¸ 5 mg/L ve 10 mg/L) and at the end of 144 hours hemolymph samples are taken and total hemocytes are counted with a light microscope through the hemocytometer. Statistical analysis performed by Kruskal-Wallis test was used. It has been observed a significantincrease on the total number of hemocytes of U. mancus which are exposed to BPA in comparison to the control group (p <0.05). Accordingly, the determination of the total hemocyte counts infreshwater musselswas found to be a good biomarkerto examine the effects of BPA that is endocrine disruptor, in freshwater ecosystems.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P51. THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF CYP2D6 PHARMACOGENETICS ON CODEINE TOXICITY Zuhal UÇKUN1*, Sinan SÜZEN2 1Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey 2Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey

Codeine, known as 3-methylmorphine, is currently the most widely used opiate in the world. Furthermore, codeine is one of the most commonly used drugs overall according to WHO reports. Codeine is widely administered for the treatment of postoperative pain, especially in paediatric patients. Pharmaceutical drugs have been commonly implicated in drug-related deaths. It can be due to the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions on codeine and morphine concentrations in codeine-related deaths. Codeine is mainly metabolized in the liver. Morphine, the product of codeine O- demethylation by the highly polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), is the metabolite primarily responsible for the analgesic effect of codeine. The amount of morphine formed from codeine is highly variable, ranging from 0 to up to 75% of total codeine metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms are extremely responsible for the inter-individual variation in enzyme expression and activity. In contrast to other CYPs, CYP2D6 is not inducible, consequently, there is a large inter-individual variation in the enzyme activity of CYP2D6. Phenotyping for CYP2D6 have four types of metabolizers – Ultra Rapid Metabolizers (UMs: CYP2D6XN); Extensive Metabolizers (EMs: CYP2D6 *2, *33, *35); Intermediate Metabolizers (IMs: CYP2D6*9, *10, *17, *36 and *41); Poor Metabolizers (PMs: CYP2D6 *3, *4, *5 and *6). The differences in drug metabolism could lead to severe toxicity or therapeutic failure by altering the relationship between the dose and the blood concentration of the pharmacologically active parent drug or metabolite. As a result, pharmacogenetic analysis may reveal new insight to the interpretation of codeine toxicity.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P52. THE EXPRESSION OF CYP1A1 AND CYP1B1 ISOENZYMES IN BREAST CANCER, IN RELATION TO CHEMOTHERAPY Arzu Kaya KOÇDOĞAN1*, Serpil OĞUZTÜZÜN1, Emine BENZER2, Murat KILIÇ3, Gülay DILEK2, Yavuz Selim KAHRAMAN4, Mehmet Ali GÜLÇELIK4 1Kirikkale University Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Kırıkkale Turkey 2Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara Turkey 3Ankara University Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Ankara Turkey 4Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ankara Turkey

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Environmental chemicals are one of the risk factors in breast cancer genesis. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a major role in the activation of these chemicals. Of environmental factors, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been suggested to play a causative role in breast cancer etiology. In this study, the protein expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 isoenzymes will be investigated in chemotherapy-treated and non-treated breast cancer patients’ tissues. Their expression differences between two groups were examined statistically. The expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 isoenzymes were studied by Immunohistochemistry method from 50 chemotherapy-treated and 95 non-treated breast cancer patients’ tissues and peripheral to tumor tissue as a control. The CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expressions were higher in tumor epithelium than that in normal epithelium in breast cancer patients’s tissues. There was not any statistically significant differences CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expressions in the tumor and normal epithelium of the chemotherapy-treated and non-treated breast cancer patients’ tissues (p>0.05). There were not any statistically significant diferences between the CYP1A1, CYP1B1 expressions and clinical information (estrogen receptor status, progesterone status, tumor grade, smoking status, patient’s age) (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between expressions of CYP1B1 and smoking status in chemotherapy non-treated breast cancer patients’ tissues (p=0,024<0.05) In conclusion, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 isoenzymes may play a role in development and tumorogenesis of breast cancer.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P53. THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL INTOXICATION ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PROCESS Merve VATANSEVER1*, Hilal KAYA2 1Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences Department of Forensic Psychology 2Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences Department of Forensic Psychology *[email protected]

Studies about the neuropsychological aspects of alcohol have increased recently. Researches investigating the effects of alcohol intoxication are focused on both the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters and brain regions determined to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition, it is seen that experimental studies on the psychological effects of alcohol intoxication. Alcohol intoxication occurs with rising about 100 mg/dl in the blood alcohol level. The effects of intoxicated have changes in cognitive functioning such as weakening of attention, response inhibition and changes in behavior like aggression. Alcohol with the transmission via neurotransmitters in the prefrontal region indicates that weaken the neuronal activation in these regions. Therefore, during alcohol intoxication it is seen that decreased self-regulation and self-control, delayed responding and shifting response contingencies, impaired executive functioning. Anterior cingulat cortex (ACC) is known to be activated in alcohol intoxication and it is explained with focused attention, which is indicated that deteriorating perception and the content of thought cause arising the focused attention. According to multiple meta-analyses of experimental researches, alcohol intoxication augments aggressive behavior reacting when provocation occurs. Findings from researches on aggression have shown that the medial prefrontal region is activated on displaced aggression and the dorsal ACC is activated on general aggression. Within this context could be explained arising general aggresion during the alcohol intoxication. In the light of all this information although alcohol intoxication cause cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects; it thought to be insufficient brain imaging studies on alcohol intoxication consisting of the whole.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P54. BIODEGRADATION OF HEPTACHLOR BY PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM ME446: TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEPTACHLOR AND ITS METABOLITES ON MICE Münevver ARISOY1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietary, Altındag, Ankara, Turkey.

Many organic pollutants like heptachlor, persist in the environment. These toxic and canserogenic pollutants tend to the accumulate in the body fat of organisms. Inthis study the physiological conditions which cause the degradation of heptachlor (1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro -3a, 4,7,7a-tetrahydro—4,7-methanoindene) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446, a white- rot fungus, were determined. For the degradation of heptachlor the optimum pH was found to be 5, incubation period 20 days, and incubation tempruture 30-350C, while the optimum concentration was 50µM. The maximum heptachlor degradation rate under optimum physiological conditions was found to be 97.30 %. Following the identification of the LD50 dose of heptachlor, its effects on cells in the blood of mice were investigated toxicological evaluations. The LD50 dose of heptachlor was found to be 97.50 mg/kg. Although this dose normally causes death in mice at a rate of 50%, under the same physological conditions, the resuldant methabolites obtained through Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446 treatment caused no deaths. On the other hand, it was observed that when direct application of heptachlor produced quantative effects in the blood cells, no significant effects of metabolites were seen.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P55. NECROPHAGOUS DIPTERA SPECIES AS ENTOMOTOXICOLOGICAL INDICATORS Gamze PEKBEY1* 1Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, 66200 Yozgat, Turkey *[email protected]

Necrophagous flies are typically the first to reach and colonize the dead body within minutes of death. Adult females begin to lay eggs immediately (oviposit) or deposit first-instar larvae (larviposit) or adults feed on various protein rich fluids seeping from the body and then begin to oviposit. So these flies and especially their larvae can be valuable as a source of information about the poisoning or drug consumption of a victim. The major interest of entomotoxicology is the determination of drug abuse just before death, especially in skeletonised remains where no tissue or fluids are left such as blood, urine or internal organs are no longer available. In the cases where sufficient hair is not present, then arthropods may contain some of the drug or poison and it can be extracted from the body of the fly (particularly larvae) and identified by modern instrumental techniques. So many toxicants (heavy metals and pesticides) and drugs (illegal drugs and medicines) and their metabolites have been tested with various analytic procedures. Until now in many researches, different growth stages of necrophagous diptera species were determined mainly Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya megacephala, Chyr. ruffifacies, then Chyr. albiceps, Chyr. putoria, C. vomitoria, C. dubia, C. stygia, Cochliomyia macellaria, Phormia regina, Protophormia terraenovae (Calliphoridae); Parasarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis, Boettcherisca peregrina and Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) tibialis (Sarcophagidae); Musca domestica (Muscidae); Megaselia scalaris (Phoridae) and Piophila casei (Piophilidae) as indicators of some toxicants and drugs.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P56. AFLATOXINS Dilek BAŞALMA1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey * [email protected]

Different forms of fungi, present in an unsuitable environment at any stage of food /feed production and consumption chain lead to unwanted changes and decompositions. With the rise of the humidity and depending on favorable temperature especially in grain, oilseeds, fodder and other dried food, micro fungi known as mold propagate and thus produce poisonous toxic substances or mold poisons. Mold spores are propagated and disseminated under appropriate temperature, storage conditions, humidity, physical deformation and grow as canker. Almost all dry fruits, spices, cotton seeds, milk products and feeds stored under inappropriate conditions of temperature and humidity are at risk to grow aflatoxins. Aflatoxin is metabolized within the body of the animals who consumed the feed messed up by aflatoxins. It passes indirectly to people who eat these products. The primary condition for formation of aflatoxins in foodstuff is its becoming infected by the spores of the mold, and the secondary one is infested foodstuff itself. To prevent aflatoxin formation it is necessary to implement advanced agricultural techniques. Fertilization and irrigation should be done in a way according to the soil and crop. It is immediately after its harvest that the product should be dried up appropriately as recommended by experts. Drying work by laying outdoors should be replaced by modern facilities. Convenient storage conditions can prevent the emergence of aflatoxin to a great extent.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P57. POISONOUS PLANTS ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF IN TURKEY Metin TOPYILDIZ1*, Ender YARSAN1 1Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Ankara-Turkey

Poisonous plants and their metabolites causes huge economic losses In the livestock industry worldwide. Intake as in other cases of poisoning from poisoning caused by plants is important. Some plants show the lethal effects of even small amounts, but generally most of plants either not poisonous or very little adverse effect on the digestive system. Herbal poisons based on to the impact of chemical structures and the living; alkaloids, glycosides, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, photosensitive substances, toxic proteins and peptides, amino acids, vitamins, disrupts the use of vitamin substances, substances that disrupt the use of minarels, toxic fatty acids, resinous substances and others may be classified. To prevent the risk of consumption by animals or minimization of toxic effect, determining the measures to be taken for effective management in the region and it is necessary to raise the general level of knowledge about poisonous plants. Poisonous plants, which are subject to very different classification examined. A variety of plants give rise to adverse effects on the digestive system, either directly or indirectly by affecting other organs. The result of the effect of this plant in the digestive tract; hypersalivation, colic, gastritis, enteritis, swelling, constipation, diare that one of these symptoms, some or all may ocur. Under these headings, plants in the direct effect on the digestive system will be examined by the toxic substances it contains.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P58. GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF COBALT NANOPARTICLES AND IONIC FORM IN DROSOPHILA Merve GÜNEŞ1*, Burçin YALÇIN1, Havva ERTUĞRUL1, Bülent KAYA1 1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Antalya

Nanoparticles widely used in different industrial areas because of their many advantages. However, there has been little known about toxic effects of NPs on human and environment. Today its known that most of diseases associated with mutation, induced recombination and DNA damage. Therefore, determination of such effects of NPs is important. In this study, the genotoxic effects of CoCl2 and CoNPs were investigated by using both Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (COMET) in Drosophila. SMART is reliable assay to detect a wide range of genetic alterations in a rapid and inexpensive way. In SMART test, the effects of these chemicals were evaluated according to genetic changes (point mutation, deletion, non-disjunction and recombination) in wing imaginal disc cells that lead to the formation of mutant trichomes. On the other hand, Alkaline COMET assay is fast, powerfull and sensitive test to detect the single strand breaks in alkali labile lesions individual cells in DNA. CoCl2 showed the positive results for small single spots, large single spot, total mwh spots and total spots categories in only 10 mM concentration in trans-heterozygous flies (mwh/flr3) while CoNP demonstrated positive results for same categories in 1 and 10 mM concentrations. Both CoCl2 and CoNP concentrations (0,1, 1 ve 10 mM) significant induced the damage for tail moment and tail lenght. Finally, used chemicals which in this investigation observed in both COMET and SMART assay cause genotoxic potential.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P59. GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SILVER NITRATE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN DROSOPHILA MELONAGASTER Burçin YALÇIN1*, Merve GÜNEŞ1, Havva ERTUĞRUL1, Bülent KAYA1 1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Antalya

Nanoparticles (NP) are defined by their small size (<100nm) and their different applications including medicine, cosmetics, biyomedical fields. Today, people and environment are exposed to these materials increasingly. For this purpose, nanomaterials should be investigated in different toxicologic studies. In this study, the effects AgNO3 ionic forms and AgNP (40 nM) were investigated in Drosophila by using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (COMET) in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes which are as blood cells of Drosophila are playing a function similar to mammalian blood cells. Drosophila SMART assay detects both mitotic recombination and different types of mutations (point mutation, deletion, recombination and non-disjunction) in transheterozygous flies (mwh/flr3). COMET assay was applied for all eukaryotic cells to detect the DNA single strand breaks. AgNO3 did not induced the genotoxicity at tested concentrations (0,01, 0,1, 0,5mM), while AgNP increased the genotoxicity at all studied concentrations (1, 5, 10 mM) in trans- heterozygous flies. Moreover, all concentrations for both AgNO3 and AgNP are determineted, led to DNA single strand breaks in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes. Consequently, these chemicals used in the COMET and SMART assay in Drosophila melonogaster demonstrated cause genotoxicity and DNA damage.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P60. SECONDARY DISASTERS AND TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FIRE Melek BULUT1* 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale School of Health, Rescue and Disaster Management *[email protected]

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community. Secondary disasters often occur following the destructive disasters, such as flood, fire, explosion and diffuse of poison gas, etc. Harmful substances enter the body via respire, contamination, food chain. Toxicology studies the harmful effects of chemical, biological and physical agents in biological systems that establishes the extent of damage in living organisms. Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death according to fire statistics. Combustion product may contain unburnt products such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and even carbon. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin at the same sites as oxygen, but approximately 200 times more tightly. This leads to environmental pollution, disases and deaths.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P61. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AND THE RISK OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH Merve DEMIRBUGEN1*, H. Sinan SÜZEN1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology Ankara, TURKEY *[email protected]

Recent pharmaco epidemiological studies have previously demonstrated that, mortality rate in psychiatric patients is higher than the general population. The group of antipsychotic drugs which is a cornerstone in the treatment of psychotic patients, have been associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). One potential mechanism underlying this adverse effect is the blockade of cardiac potassium channels. This blockade which is the result of the antipsychotic medication, prolongs the QT interval, increases the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and affects the cardiac rhythm adversely which may ultimately lead to cardiac arrest. These SCDs commonly result from arrhythmias in the presence of risk factors such as gender (women), physiopathological conditions (in cases of pre-existing congenital cardiopathies) and other therapeutics (drug interactions and/or overdose). Beside this, some psychotropic drugs may be a direct cause of cardiac lesions leading to SCD. Since it has been suggested that major part of sudden deaths in psychiatric patients have a cardiac origin, the aim of this review is to describe the risk of SCD related to use of antipsychotic drugs, potential mechanisms in the occurrence of SCD, patient specific and genetic risk factors and to compare the risk of SCD associated with the use of different agents of antipsychotic drugs.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P62. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT AND DNA BINDING STUDIES OF 2-HYDROXY SCHIFF BASES Bahar GÖK1*, Neslihan DEMIR2, Mustafa YILDIZ3, Pınar GÖK1 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School, Department of Biology 17100 Çanakkale 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale 3Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 17100 Çanakkale *[email protected]

Schiff bases have been reported for their biological activities. They have been widely used ligands, due to their metal complexes having variety of applications in anticancer, antibacterial drugs, catalysis, functional materials, and optical resolution. The DNA binding, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction activity were studied for Schiff bases. They have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, biological research in the medical field, and agriculture. In this study, synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, antimutagenic, DNA cleveage and DNA binding properties of 2-hydroxy Schiff Bases. The Schiff bases prepared from the reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with substitue anilines. To determine the antimicrobial activity of 2-hydroxy schiff bases Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerouginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans ve Candida tropicalis. Gentamicin, ampicillin and fluconasol were used as controls in this study. We prepared solutions of 2-hydroxy Schiff bases at 500, 50, 5 and 0.5 ppm concentrations. For Ames test, Salmonella thyphimurium TA98 and TA100 mutant srains were used. The potential binding ability of the Schiff base to calf tymus DNA (CT-DNA) was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. Also, DNA cleavage activity of the compounds were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result, the Schiff bases were active against of yeasts and as well as active against bacteries. The compounds have intercalative binding, and antimutagenic effects.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P63. GENOTOXICAND CYTOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF INDOXACARB INSECTICIDE ON LACTUCASATIVA L.PLANT Bahar GÖK1*, Neslihan DEMIR2, Pınar GÖK1 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School, Department of Biology 17100 Çanakkale 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale *[email protected]

It increases the potential danger in the environmental pollution that the human being constantly creates waste products and rapid industrial development especially in recent years. Biodiversity and human health are under serious threat from pesticides. However, the chemical warfare where the pesticides are used is the most used method in agricultural struggle. The pesticides can have been turned into the mutagenic and carcinogenic agents that show effects as toxic agent vectors on people by vegetation. Many researchers have informed that the pesticides have the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Plantcytogeneticusingtests, theeffects can be observed at chromosomelevel (clastogenesis) throughalterations in chromosomestructure and number. A widerange of plantscreeningproceduresareavailable, notableamongthemlettuce (Lactucasativa L.), used in rootgrowth and germinationtests, commonlyused as a cytotoxicityevaluation model. Thisstudy, indoxacarbinsecticidewastoinvestigatethegenotoxicand cytotoxiceffects. To investigate the effects of indoxacarb, the roots of L. sativawere treated with five concentrations (0,1 ml/L, 0,2 ml/L, 0,4 ml/L, 0,8 ml/L, 1,6 ml/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h. As a result, showed was thatindoxacarb induced mitotic abnormalities. Mitotic index decreased with increasing of concentration and the exposure time as compared to their controls.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P64. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GENOTOXICITY AND DNA INTERACTIONS STUDIES OF SOME IMINE COMPOUNDS Pınar GÖK1*, Neslihan DEMIR2, Mustafa YILDIZ3, Bahar GÖK1 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School, Department of Biology 17100 Çanakkale 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale 3Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 17100 Çanakkale *[email protected]

Today, the research and designing of new molecules which can interact with nucleic acids, development of new anticancer drugs that can bind to DNA in chemotherapy is one of the most studied topic. Although these genetic and cancer diseases are caused by spontaneous mutations, the contribution of the surrounding external chemical and physical agents is quite large. Therefore, studies on eliminatig the effects of mutagenic subtances, preventing diseases and synthesis of the novel antimutagenic agent which can be used intreatment of these diaseses has been increased. Imine compounds have been found to be excellent inhibitors. We have synthesized and characterized of the 3-aminopyridine Imine compounds. We investigated of their antimicrobial activity, genotoxicity and DNA interactions. In this study, Imine compounds synthesized from the reaction of substitue-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-aminopyridine. We prepared solutions of 3-aminopyridine Imine compounds at 500, 50, 5 and 0.5 ppm concentrations. For Ames test, Salmonella thyphimurium TA98 and TA100 mutant srains were used. The interactions of the Schiff bases to calf tymus DNA (CT-DNA) and pBR322 DNA were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and by agarose gel electrophoresis. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerouginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis Candida albicans ve Candida tropicalis were used as microorganisms for antimicrobial activity. Gentamicin, ampicillin and fluconasol were used as controls in this study. Consequently, the Imine compounds have antimutagenic effects. The compounds have intercalative binding. They were active against of yeasts and as well as active against bacteries.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P65. ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN FOLLICULAR FLUID OF WOMEN WITH UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY Eyüp ÇIRAK1*, Onur ERDEM1, Serdar ÇETINKAYA1, Seyit Temel CEYHAN2, Cemal AKAY1, Cem KORKMAZ2, Mustafa ULUBAY2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.

The reproductive health of women is currently a major worldwide public health problem. The World Health Organization reported that more than 10 % of women are severely affected by infertility. Environmental factors especially exposure to toxic heavy metals may be contributed to development of unexplained infertility because toxic heavy metals may change fertility patterns via endocrine disrupting mechanisms. In addition to this, there are very few studies about the trace element and toxic heavy metal levels in follicular fluid which considering as target matrix for unexplained infertility. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the heavy metal and trace element levels in follicular fluid undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). For this purpose, follicular fluids were obtained from 19 women (age 21-38) who was treated in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Metals levels in the samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrometric analysis (AAS). Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were not found in follicular fluids. The mean levels of cadmium (Cd), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) were quantified as 0.93 µg/L, 30.6 µg/dl, 46.4 µg/dl, 44.6 µg/dl, 4.15 µg/dl and 4.71µg/dl, respectively. Our results showed that these trace and toxic heavy metals must be considered in the etiology of unexplained infertility. Also further research should be carried out to explain the biological effects of heavy metals in unexplained infertility.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P66. THE EFFECTS OF HIGH DOSE PARACETAMOL ON THYROID FOLLICULAREPITELIAL CELLS IN RAT Banu EREN1*, Sare SOLMAZ1, Zafer EREN1, Sevcan MERCAN1, Dilek SAĞIR2, Burcu YILMAZ3 1Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Genel Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 2Sinop Üniversitesi Sağlık Yüksek Okulu 3Ordu Üniversitesi Meslek Yüksek Okulu *[email protected]

‘Analgesic’ is the name given to any drug that is used to make an analgesic effect. Analgesic drugs act on the central and peripheral nervous system. There are many kinds of analgesics such as acetaminophen, narcotic drugs, synthetic drugs with the narcotic effect and nonsteroidal anti inflammatuary drugs (NSAID). Although the analgesic action mechanism is unknown, in many studies paracetamol causes dose dependent significant liver and renal toxcicity, but is stil used without consideration. In this study we aimed to determine the toxic effects of paracetamol on thyroid folicular epithelial cells. For this purpose, a total of 25 female Wistar albino rats divided into 5 groups which are the control group (not treated) and paracetamol groups (P7, P14, P21, P28). 750 mg/kg/day paracetamol was given to paracetamol groups via gavaje technique until the day they were sacrified. After light microscopic histological examination cytoplasmic vacuolisation, follicular and colloidal degeneration were detected in paracetamol groups. The average follicular diameter measurement of the tissue sample sections of the morphometric evaluation of the control group (57.23±6.45) and the group P7 is examined statistically significantly (p<0.05). The average height of follicle epithelial of the control group (0.20 ± 2.19) and the differences were observed statistically significant between the other groups (p<0.05). Inconclusion, based on the results of histological analysis we support that 750 mg/kg/day dose of paracetamol have toxic effects on thyroid tissue depending on the duration of use.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P67. GENOTOXIC AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYNARIN AGAINST MITOMYCIN-C INDUCED SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES Esra ERIKEL1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1, Fatma ÜNAL1 1Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, 06500, Ankara, TURKEY

Artichoke is a plant that is cultivated for its head and leaves which can be eaten as a vegetable. Numerous studies on artichokes have showed that it has health-protective effect such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and anticarcinogenic activities. Cynarin is a polyphenol that is derivative of di-caffeoylquinic acids in artichoke. It has strong antioxidant activity. The present study was planned for the assessment of potential in vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effect of cynarin against mitomycin-C (MMC) by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in human lymphocytes. Peripheral lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of cynarin (6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 µg/mL) alone and simultaneously with 0.2 µg/mL MMC for 24 and 48 hours. A negative, a solvent (50% methanol) and a positive control (MMC) were also maintained. Cynarin did not significantly increased the SCE/cell frequency at all the concentrations alone compared to control groups at both 24 h and 48 h (except 100 µg/mL). Simultaneous treatment of Cynarin and MMC significantly reduced the frequency of SCEs/cell in the three concentrations (12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 µg/mL) compared to positive control in both application times. Our results suggested that cynarin may have antigenotoxic potential especially at highest concentrations.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P68. ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY AND ANTIGENOTOXICITY OF LUTEOLIN BY USING COMET ASSAY Esra ERIKEL1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1, Fatma ÜNAL1 1Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, 06500, Ankara, TURKEY

Luteolin is a flavone which occurs in medicinal plants as well as in some vegetables and spices. Celery, green pepper, carrots, olives and artichokes are major nutritional luteolin sources. Many studies have demonstrated that luteolin has numerous biological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate genotoxic and antigenotoxic effect of luteolin against H2O2 induced DNA damage by using comet assay in human lymphocyte in vitro. The lymphocytes isolated from 2 healthy volunteer (1 male and 1 female) were incubated with five different concentrations of luteolin (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12 and 6.25 o µg/mL) alone and simultaneously with H2O2 (100 mM) at 37 C for 1 hour. A negative (distilled water), a solvent (50% methanol) and a positive control (H2O2) were also maintained. A total of 200 cells were evaluated per concentration for tail intensity (%), tail length (μm), and tail moment by using Comet Assay IV, Perceptive Instruments Ltd., UK. Luteolin alone did not induce significant DNA damage in all the concentrations compared to negative and solvent controls. Luteolin+ H2O2 treatment significantly reduced DNA damage at all the concentrations compared to H2O2 treatment alone (positive control) for all comet parameters. Our results have indicated that luteolin exhibited chemopreventive activity against DNA damage induced by H2O2 which has oxidative effects.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P69. DETERMINATION OF REMAZOL BRILLANT BLUE R DYE WITH UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY Halis YURTSEVEN1, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1Ankara University – Chemical Engineering 2Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey *[email protected]

The dye stuffs that used in textile industry are thrown in waste water at the end of dyeing process. However, dye stuffs in waste water reach upto people via the food chain. Besides the fact that, people are sustained to these dye stuffs using textile material by skin contact. One of the dye stuff used in textile industry is Remazol Brilliant Blue R. This dye stuff is used in many textile industries across the world, including Turkey. Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye stuff is not widely investigated in the previous studies. In this study, physical and chemical properties of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye, UV-VIS spectra and methods for determination of unknown concentrations of the dye stuff in aqueous solutions, health and genotoxic effects are widely discussed.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P70. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (4S)-2-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL) THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ON ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) LIVER TISSUE Nazan Deniz YÖN1, Burcu ÖZTÜRK1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Cansu AKBULUT1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, SAKARYA TURKEY 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, SAKARYA TURKEY

Examination the histopathological effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on liver tissue of zebrafish were aimed. (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is new synthesized substance which obtained from cysteine and valine. Because of thiazolidine derivates have important biological responses scientist work intensively on these compounds recent years. It is obvious that thiazolidine contained compounds will be used in future in the pharmaceutical industry to treat important diseases. After one-week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and 3 experimental groups (0,2 mM, 0,4 mM, 0,6 mM). For investigating the effects of thiazolidine, liver tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. After tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin(H&E) and PAS. Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal liver histology was monitored. Parenchyma cells, hepatocytes and their cytoplasm were observed clearly. Sinusiods and nuclei were easily monitored. In the 0,2 mM exposure group, degeneration, contraction at vacuoles in hepatocyte cytoplasm, hypertrophy. Degeneration was detected at hepatocyte cells. In 0,4 mM exposure group, some kupffer cells were observed in elliptical form. Degeneration and vacuolization were observed on kupffer cells. In 0,6 mM exposure group, vacuolization at vacuoles in hepatocyte cytoplasm were monitored. Vacuolization and degeneration were also observed hepatocyte cells. Vascular and sinusoidal degeneration and steatozis were detected as well. As a result, with this study, it is proved that (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4- carboxylic acid cause deterioration in fish liver tissues.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P71. DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF PROMOCARB-HCI BY ALLIUM CEPA TEST Pınar GÖK1*, Neslihan DEMIR2, Bahar GÖK1 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School, Department of Biology 17100 Çanakkale 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale *[email protected]

Pesticides are used comprehensively in agricultural fields to protect pest-induced damage throughout the world. The extensive use of pesticides at high concentrations may induce toxicity problem, which can negatively affect plant growth and development. Pesticides are considered as an important group of environmental pollutants, and many of them are reported to cause mutagenic effects in plants. Promocarb-HCl fungicide is used to control downy mildew on sunflower, cucurbits and potatoes, root rots on tobacco seedlings. In this study, investigated was on mitotic index and mitotic abnormalities by Allium cepa test. A. cepa test is highly sensitive, reliable and capable of detecting mutagens, carcinogens and clastogens. To investigate the effects of promocarb-HCI fungicide the roots of A. cepa were treated with 0,5 ml/L, 1 ml/L, 2 ml/L, 4 ml/L, 8 ml/L concentrations fungicide for 24, 48 and 72 h. As a result, determinated was that promocarb-HCI fungicide for induced mitotic abnormalities. Mitotic index decreased with increasing of concentrations and the exposure time as compared to their controls.

146

2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P72. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (4S)-2-(4-HYDROXY-3- METHOXYPHENYL) THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ON ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) HEART TISSUE Nazan Deniz YÖN1, Burcu ÖZTÜRK1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Cansu AKBULUT1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, SAKARYA TURKEY 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, SAKARYA TURKEY

Examination the histopathological effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on heart tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Introduction: (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is new synthesized substance which obtained from cysteine and valine. Because of thiazolidine derivates have important biological responses scientist work intensively on these compounds recent years. It is obvious that thiazolidine contained compounds will be used in future in the pharmaceutical industry to treat important diseases. After one-week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and 3 experimental groups (0,2 mM, 0,4 mM, 0,6 mM). For investigating the effects of thiazolidine, heart tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. After tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin(H&E) and PAS. Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal heart histology was observed. Bulb arteriosus, ventriculus, muscle cell and endocardial cell were monitored clearly. In 0,2 mM exposure group, degenerated muscle cells were detected. Hemorrhage at ventriculus, hyperplasia, vacuolization and pleomorphic case at muscle cells, degeneration at pericardium were observed. In 0,4 mM exposure group, hyperplasia at atrium endothelial cells, vacuolization and degeneration at muscle cells were detected. In 0,6 mM exposure group, leukocyte infiltration and pleomorphic case at ventriculus, degeneration and vacuolization at pericardial cells, hyperplasia at bulbus arteriosus were monitored.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P73. THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL RISKS OF MERCURY IN DENTAL AMALGAM Sezen YILMAZ SARIALTIN1*, Başak Özlem PERK1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, TURKEY

Dental amalgam is a restorative material has been used in dentistry for a long time which contains elemental mercury approximately %50 with other metals such as silver, tin, copper and zinc. In recent years, new restorative dental materials have become more convenient for dental filling. However, dental amalgams maintain their popularity due to the properties such as strengthy, longevity, easy application and lower cost. Despite these advantages, usage of amalgam restorations is restricted because of the side effects and toxicity, even more it is banned in some countries such as Norway, Denmark and Sweeden. Dental amalgam continuously releases low levels of mercury vapor. Elemental mercury in dental amalgam is exposed via inhalation from filling, then get into the bloodstream and mainly target the brain by crossing blood brain barrier rapidly. In addition to toxic effects on central nervous system, elemental mercury may cause damages on renal, respiratory and cardiovascular system, also gingival tattoos. Current evidence suggests that amalgam poses a clear risk to developing fetuses and children and to people with common genetic susceptibilities. This statement is not intended to imply that other dental materials are without risk. Several factors affect the release of mercury from amalgam restorations; number and surface of dental amalgam, inhalation/ingestion absorption levels, magnification factors, individual habits such as eating, tooth brushing, nose-mouth breathing ratio and body weight. Estimated average intake of elemental mercury from dental amalgam is 1-5 μg/day and tolerable intake for elemental mercury vapor is 0.2 ug/ m3 established by World Health Organization. The daily elemental mercury in¬take levels lower than the identified threshold level. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate this confliction.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P74. EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY THROUGH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Semra BENZER1*, Recep BENZER2 1Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education, Ankara, Turkey 2Gazi University, Institute of Information, Department of Forensics Computing Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Increasing human pressure on water resources has led to the problem of water pullution. Thus, the determination and the evaluation of the quality of water resources should be dealth with scientific studies. Knowledge of the potential risks in quantity and quality of water reveal the necessity of regular control and monitoring which can be achieved through long term data collection and the organization of a common database. In the determination of the surface water quality; organic, inorganic, radiological, bacteriological parameters are important parameters. Among these parameters, the physico- chemical parameters of water quality are used in this study. To determine the change in physico- chemical parameters in Yeşilırmak - Duruca, Yeşilırmak – Çayköy and Tersakan Stream – Boğazköy stations, a new approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used. It is a forecasting application used in several fields. The predetermined physico- chemical parameters of Amasya Provincial Directorate of Agriculture were used for the forecasting process which indicated a possible significant danger in water quality at the mentioned stations and a requirement for the necessary measurements. Our country is in a critical region in terms of water resources, the determination of the status of water resources, it is important to conduct a lot of research for the development and preservation. For this purpose, quality monitoring stations in the measured parameters, be managed in a common database, the creation of a national water quality monitoring network making long-term data collection is required. Eventually, the techniques of ANN can be utilized to similar studies for different areas with big data collected properly.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P75. INVESTIGATION OF 3-METHYL-5-(4 CARBOXYCYCLOHEXYLMETHYL)- TETRAHYDRO-2H-1,3,5-THIADIAZINE-2-THIONE GENOTOXICITY IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES USING COMET ASSAY Ece Avuloğlu YILMAZ1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1, Azime Berna ÖZÇELIK2, Fatma ÜNAL1, Seyhan ERSAN2 1Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Ankara-Turkey 2Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara- Turkey

Tranexamic acid is a drug for curing abnormal bleeding in a variety of diseases. In a previous study, twelve tetrahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized from the amine group of tranexamic acid. Their antifibrinolytic and antimicrobial activities were compared to tranexamic acid. Among them, 3-methyl-5-(4 carboxycyclohexylmethyl)-tetrahydro-2H- 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (3-MTTT) is the most remarkable and this compound may be used as a drug. In this study, the in vitro genotoxic effect of 3-MTTT was investigated using comet assay in isolated human peripheral lymphocytes. Lymphocytes obtained from two healthy young donors were treated with six different concentrations (0,78; 1,56; 3,13; 6,25; 12,50 and

25,00 µg/mL) of test compound. A negative, a solvent (PBS) and a positive control (H2O2) were maintained for each treatment. Three different parameters (tail length, tail intensity and tail moment) were evaluated in the comet assay. Comet assay is used for the detection of breaks in DNA strands (double strand breaks and single strand breaks). This study demonstrated that 3-MTTT did not induce DNA damage at all the concentrations. 3-MTTT did not induce chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes either. This and previous results indicate that 3-MTTT has no genotoxic risk at these concentrations in human peripheral lymphocytes.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P76. ASSESSMENT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG INDAPAMIDE GENOTOXICITY IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES USING CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION TEST Ece Avuloğlu YILMAZ1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1, Fatma ÜNAL1 1Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Ankara-Turkey

Indapamide is an active ingredient of orally administered diuretic antihypertensive drug. Genotoxicity data of indapamide are very limited and not detailed (in terms of doses, treatment period etc.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic effect of indapamide by using in vitro chromosomal aberration test. For this purpose, peripheral blood obtained from two healthy young donors, a man and a woman, was treated with four different concentrations (18,75; 37,50; 75,00 and 100,00 µg/ml) of indapamide in culture conditions for 24 and 48 h. A negative, a solvent (%75 methanol) and a positive control (mitomycin-C) were also applied for each treatment. According to these results, indapamide did not affect the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in all the concentrations and treatment periods. However, there is need to be done other genotoxicity tests for this active ingredient to support these results.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P77. DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, RECHARGEABLE AND CHEAP "HYDROGEN SULFIDE BATTERY” Bülent IŞIK1, Hüseyin BÖYÜK1, Mehmet Berk GUNEŞ1 1 Başkent Education, Ankara, Turkey

Batteries are electrochemical systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. While electrical energy is generated by oxidation of the at the anode in these systems, in which anode and cathode parts are separated with a membrane, reduction reaction occurs at = the cathode. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a fuel because of the contained S ions and electricity generation is provided while S= ions are transforming into S0 with the following reaction via the oxidation reaction at the anode: S= → S0 + 2e= Meanwhile, MS (metal sulfides) formed on the surface increases the battery's activity. Thus, an unwanted and pollution constructive chemical substance is not released to the atmosphere so environmental pollution is prevented; electrical energy is generated as well as a cell, whose activity increases while working, is developed. Hydrogen sulfide is a harmful gas but its emergence is inevitable as a result of many energy production processes. Some processes allow the cleaning of the fuels prior to combustion, while some processes are being implemented to keep H2S in the flue gas formed as a result of combustion without releasing to the atmosphere. In this study, Cyclic Voltammetry Technique is used for the electrochemical measurements. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical method widely used in clarifying the structure of the electrochemical reactions. Cyclic voltammetry is one of the simplest and most powerful electrochemical techniques utilized in determining thermodynamics of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical reactions and chemical reaction mechanisms marching together with electrochemical reactions. In cyclic voltammetry studies, the potential is scanned in forward and backward at a constant speed in a certain range. Findings and achievements obtained as the results of this study can be grouped as follows:  It was observed that electrical energy could be obtained from solutions containing sulfur by using the battery system.  Thus, an environmentally friendly battery is prepared.  Its activation is increased with the usage of the electrode surface.  It was observed that the prepared battery is cheap.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P78. THE EFFECT OF HYPERTENSION AND BODY MASS INDEX ON SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE IN MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE Sevcan MAMUR1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU2, Fatma ÜNAL2, Kadriye ALTOK3, Serpil Müge DEĞER3 1Department of Biology, Polatlı Art and Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 2Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Chronic kidney failure (CKF) disease is characterized by progressive loss of kidney function and associated with increased levels of genomic damage. Hypertension (HT) is a generally risk factor for progression of renal disease. In developed countries, increased body mass index (BMI) are associated with CKF. In this study, we investigated the possible role of HT on genetic damage in maintenance hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney failure by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test. Effects of other factors, such as levels of BMI, age and sex were also evaluated. We examined 34 CKF patients undergoing hemodialysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the hypertensive (n=7) and non- hypertensive (n=27), those with body mass index (BMI) levels below (n=24) and above 25 (g/dL) (n=9), and between males (n=12) and females (n=22) in terms of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and replication index (RI) in CKD patients. However, the age value below 50 (n=15) significantly increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges compared to the age value above 50 (n=19). These results suggest that hypertension and body mass index did not affect the frequency of SCE and RI in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P79. DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERTENSION, HEMOGLOBIN, AND FERRITIN LEVELS ON DNA DAMAGE BY COMET ASSAY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS Sevcan MAMUR1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU2, Fatma ÜNAL2, Kadriye ALTOK3, Serpil Müge DEĞER3 1Department of Biology, Polatlı Art and Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 2Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important and growing health problem. Hypertension (HT) is a generally risk factor for progression of renal disease. In this study, we investigated to determine the possible role of HT on DNA damage by comet assay in maintenance hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Effects of other factors such as the levels of hemoglobin (HB), ferritin (FER), age, sex and duration of hemodialysis were also examined. No significant difference was found on DNA damage between the hypertensive (n=9) and non-hypertensive (n=44), those with hemoglobin levels below (n=40) and above 12 (g/dL) (n=13), those with ferritin levels below (n=36) and above 500 ng/ml (n=17), those with a duration of dialysis treatment below (n=34) and above 5 (n=19) years, those younger (n=20) and older (n=33) than 50, and between males (n=17) and females (n=36) in CKD patients. There was a negative correlation between the serum ferritin level and comet tail length (r=- 0.310, p=0.024), however no correlation was observed in tail intensity. Moreover, there was no correlation between the DNA damage and the duration of hemodialysis treatment and age among CKD patients. As a result, age, sex, duration of hemodialysis treatment as well as HT, HB and FER values did not affect the primary DNA damage.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P80. GENOTOXICITY OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES Yasemin SAYGILI1, Fatma ÜNAL1*, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1 1Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara-Turkey

In recent years, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications, for both diagnosis and therapy, due to their unique magnetic properties.

Although the wide spread using, the impact of Fe2O3 NPs on the environment and on biological species is not well understood. In this study, genotoxic effects of Fe2O3 NPs have been determined in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro by using sister chromatid exchange (SCEs) assay. Peripheral lymphocytes were incubated with four different concentrations (39,062; 78,125; 156,25 and 312,5 μg/mL) of Fe2O3 NPs (Sigma-Aldrich, <50 nm, spherical) for 24 and 48h. The results showed that the frequency of SCEs increased at all the treatment times dose dependently (r=0,85 for 24h; r=0,86 for 48 h), however, this increase was significant only at the highest concentration (312,500 μg/mL) at 24 h, and at the two highest concentrations (156,250 and 312,500 μg/mL) at 48h. The formation of SCEs has been correlated with recombinational repair and the induction of point mutations, gene amplification and cytotoxicity. This effect may occur from oxidative stress that has been produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Long term exposure to these nanoparticles could potentially result in particle accumulation and subsequently induce acute or chronic toxicity. This may provoke a range of long term effect involving mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic influence on the organism.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P81. OPTIMIZATION and VALIDATION of A GC-MS METHOD FOR ANALYSIS of AMPHETAMINES in SYNTHETIC TABLES Bayram YÜKSEL1*, Taner BORA1 1Ankara Police Forensic Laboratory, Turkish National Police, Ankara, Turkey

Amphetamine is a synthetic stimulant of the central nervous system. It was first synthesized in 1887 by German chemist L. Edeleano, however the stimulant effects were not noticed. In early 1930s, stimulant properties of amphetamine were discovered. Thus, it was marketed as an inhaller for nasal congestion. During World War II, the military in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and Japan used amphetamines to increase alertness and endurance and to improve mood. The origin of the amphetamine sold as Captagon is unknown. Conventionally, the substance was believed to have been manufactured illicitly in South-East Europe, notably Bulgaria, and trafficked to the region, often transiting Turkey by air or sea. Amphetamine causes hypertension and tachycardia with feelings of increased confidence, sociability and energy. After oral administration, the effects usually start in 30 minutes and last for many hours. This study intended to develop and optimize GC-MS method for analysis of amphetamines in synthetic tables which were seized in 15 different places and times and sent to the Ankara Police Forensic Laboratory, Gölbaşı, Turkey. The GC-MS system equipped with an Agilent Technologies (CA, USA) 6890, a gas chromatograph and an Agilent 7683B auto injector coupled with a 5973 inert Agilent electron impact (EI) mass spectrometer was utilized for the identification of amphetamines in synthetic tables. In order to validate the method in terms of precision and recovery; certified reference standard of d-amphetamin. HCL and paracetamol were analyzed for ten times. A secondary standard of amphetamine prepared at the concentration of 0.30 mg/ mL was analyzed for ten times. Mean amphetamine concentration was found 0.30±8.44x10-3 where percent relative standard deviation was calculated as 2.84%. Successful percent recovery values were ranged between 94.64% and 100.49 while GC-MS method for amphetamine analysis provided LOD and LOQ values equal to 0.0117 mg/mL and 0.0391 mg/mL, respectively.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P82. POSSIBLE EFECTS OF SMOKING at ENZYME and CHROMOSOME LEVEL Elif ÖZTETIK1 1Biology Department, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskisehir / TÜRKIYE

In this study, it is aimed to test the possible effects of smoking on enzymes and chromosomes of volunteers. The chromosomes from human periferal lymphocytes of smoking and non- smoking volunteers were obtained, caryotype analysis were carried out by G-banding and chromosome aberration were examined by CA technique through spontaneous and positive mutagene induction for all donors. Again for all donors, the chromosomes were labeled with some centromere probes for clinical purposes through application of FISH technique. Additionally, GST enzyme activities were determined on the all blood samples. As a result of obtained data, parameters which tested on smokers and non-smokers were evaluated comparatively. It is revealed that, GST enzyme activities were increased due to smoking, but it is not pose any harm in chromosomes.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P83. GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SILICON DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN ALLIUM CEPA Özlem ÇALBAY1, Fatma ÜNAL1*, Zekiye SULUDERE1, Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1 1Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, 06500, Ankara, TURKEY

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles-SiO2 NPs, are widely used in many nanotechnological products. So the production, usage, and release of these nanoparticles to the environment are increasing every day. It is reported that nanoparticles may have toxic, particularly genotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of SiO2 NPs by using root cells of Allium cepa which is an indicator organism. Roots were treated with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml for 24, 48 and 72 h. SiO2 NPs decreased the mitotic index in Allium cepa however, this decrease was significant at 50 and 1000 μg/ml at 24 h, 1000 μg/ml at 48 h, and 50 μg/ml at 72 h treatment, compared to the control. Moreover, SiO2 NPs increased the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities at all the concentrations and treatment times compared to the control. C-metaphase, sticky chromosomes, disturbed pro-meta-ana-telophase, chromosomal break, asynchron division, multipolarity, lagging and vagrant chromosomes, star anaphase, micronuclei, and loss of genetic material were observed under light microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed internalization of NPs inside the cell. On entering the cells, the nanoparticles are transported from one cell to other through plasmadesmata. NPs can reach to the cell wall, cytoplasm, cell nucleus, mitochondria and some other structures like vacuole. These observations are verified by the cytotoxic and clastogenic/genotoxic effect of SiO2 NPs detected by light microscopy. These findings also suggest that Allium cepa can be used for the genotoxicity monitoring of novel nanomaterials that are used in many consumer products.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P84. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF MYRICETIN ON LIVER, KIDNEY AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS OF MALE RATS AT PREPUBERTAL PERIOD Nurhayat BARLAS1, Gözde KARABULUT1*, Burcu ÖZTAŞCI1 1Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06800, Beytepe Campus

Myricetin, a natural flavonol with hydroxyl groups at 3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′ and 5′ positions, is commonly ingested through human diets such as fruits, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. In this study, the effects of myricetin exposure to rats from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 53 at various doses were investigated. The male rats were divided into five groups and each group consisted of six animals. Group of rats were treated with myricetin 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight /day in a suspension of corn oil. Positive control males were gavage orally with 17α-ethinyl estradiol 0.7 and 7 µg/kg body weight/day and control males were received corn oil only. End of the study, weights of liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, thymus and adrenal gland were measured. Organ/body weight ratios were calculated and tissue sections were examined histologically. In liver, the TUNEL method was applied and evaluated. This study demonstrated that orally gavages myricetin caused adverse effects on male liver, kidney and endocrine glands, during peripubertal period to pubertal period.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P85. EXPRESSIONS OF APOPTOSIS-RELATED PROTEINS IN COLON CANCER CELLS AFTER HYP-INDUCED PHOTOTHERAPY Aysun Kılıç SÜLOĞLU1, Elif KARACAOĞLU1, Güldeniz SELMANOĞLU1*, Çağatay KARAASLAN2 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey 2Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

Coloractal cancer is the third most common cancer and is prominent death factor worlwide. Although the main treatment is a surgery, the alternative suggested treatment method is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Hypericin (HYP) is a well-studied photosensitizier for PDT, however mechanism of action is still unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the apoptotic cell mechanism in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells photoactivated with HYP. In the present study, HT-29 (grade-I) and Caco-2 (grade-II) human colon cancer cells treated with 0.04, 0.08 or 0.15 µM HYP and irradiated with (4J/cm2) flourescent lamps. HYP effects were evaluated for 16 and 24 h. Total protein content of cells were measured by Bradford assay. Apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions were investigated at the mRNA level by real-time PCR for both cells. Protein concentrationdramatically decreasedin all groups HT-29 cellsafter 24 h and Caco-2 cells. However, it increased in 0.15 µM group in Caco-2 cells. Caspase-9 were upregulated for both cells in 24 h incubation. Bcl-2 expression was not observed in HT-29 cells, however Bcl-2 downregulated in Caco-2 cells. Bax expression downregulated in HT-29 cells after 24 h incubation and upregulated in Caco-2 cells after 16 h incubation. In conclusion, Caco-2 and HT-29 colon cancer cells response distinctly to HYP-mediated PDT in terms of apoptosis-related proteins, activation of repair mechanisms and resistance development.

This research was partially supported by the Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (09 01 601 011).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P86. HYPERICIN INDUCED CHANGES IN CYTOTOXICITY AND METABOLIC ACTIVITIES IN HT-29 ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS Aysun Kılıç SÜLOĞLU1, Güldeniz SELMANOĞLU1* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative way to the most common cancer treatment methods. The use of PDT as a cancer therapy is particularly attractive because of its selectivity on cancer cells. Hypericin (HYP) which is derived from Hypericum perforatum, continues to be one of the most promising photosensitizer, as it fascinates with its antitumor, antiviral and antidepressant properties. In this study, HT-29 (grade-1) human colon adenocarcinoma cells treated with 0.04 μM 0.08 μM or 0.15 μM HYP concentrations and after 24 hours cells were irridated with fluorescent lamps. The effects of HYP examined 16 and 24 hours after the activation. The effect of HYP on cell viability analysed with trypan blue staining and MTT tests. Besides, amounts of glucose, lactate and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured for the metabolic activity. According to the results, in HT-29 cells as HYP concentration increased cytotoxicity increased. While glucose consumption and lactate production decreased, the activity of LDH increased depending on the HYP concentration. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that HYP-mediated PDT have a critical role in leading alterations in metabolic pathways depending on the HYP concentration and incubation time.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P87. SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF HEAT-INDUCED FOOD CONTAMINANT ACROLEIN IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND HORMONE LEVELS IN PREPUBERTAL MALE RATS Elif KARACAOĞLU1, Güldeniz SELMANOĞLU1*, Gökçen MÜLAYIMÇELIK ÖZGÜN1 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, TURKEY

Acrolein as a heat-induced food contaminant is a highly reactive α,β aldehyde. It is known to be formed by thermal processing of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats. Its presence was found in fruits and vegetables. Human may expose to acrolein via oral or respiratory and dermal routes. In the present study, our aim is to evaluate subchronic effects of acrolein on hematological parameters as well as serum LH and testosterone levels in male rats. Weaning Wistar male rats were administered 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day acrolein orally for 90 days. At the end of the administration, rats were sacrified and blood samples were taken from hearts for analyses. Hematologic parameters were analysed, also serum LH and testosterone levels were measured spectrophotometrically by Elisa method. As a result of acrolein administration, significant alterations were observed in number of leukocytes, percentage of hematocrite, MCH, MCHC, thrombocytes and percentage of PCT. Although alterations were observed in serum LH in acrolein administrated groups, these were not statistically significant. Testosterone levels of acrolien administrated rats were not different from rats in control group. As a conclusion, we may suggest that subchronic intake of acrolein may cause alterations in hematologic parameters, but not serum LH and testosterone levels.

This research is partially supported by Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Hacettepe University (Project no: 010D08601008, 013D04601001).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P88. METHOD EVALUATION OF EUREKA LABDIVISON’S DRUGS OF ABUSE IN URINE BY LC/MS KIT Ahmet TAS1, E. Ozgur AKGUL1* 1Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Medical Biochemistry

We aimed to assess to the analytical performance ofEureka LabDivison’s Drugs of Abuse in urine by LC/MS kit (LC74010) Imprecision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, carryover studies were performed on 24 tests with an Agilent 6420 mass spectrometer. Imprecision was comprised between 0.5 and 6.0%. The linearity for all analytes were excellent. All r2 values were>0.995.LOD values were < 10 ng/mL and LOQ values were < 20 ng/mL. Recovery was comprised 95% and 99%. No observed carryover effects. The results of this study demonstrate that our findings were consistent with the kit manufacturer's data. The absence of the comparison method is insufficient for this study. Although we were not able to do in this study, further studies should be planned for method comparison experiment.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P89. GENOTOXICITY OF MERCURY COMPOUNDS Bayram YÜKSEL1*, Arzu EROĞLU1, Zeliha KAYAALTI 1Ankara Police Forensic Laboratory, Turkish National Police, Ankara, Turkey 2Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Cebeci, Ankara

Genetic toxicology is the scientific discipline concerning with the toxic effects of chemical, physical and biological agents on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of living organisms. Genetic information encoded chemically in DNA is continued, replicated and transmitted to following generations with high fidelity. Either direct or indirect damage to DNA can be originated from normal biologic process or as the result of interaction of DNA with chemical, physical or biological mechanisms. Mercury exists in elemental, inorganic and organic forms. Methlymercury has been an environmental interest to public health and regulatory agencies for many years because of its neurotoxicity. People are at risk of mercury exposure by fish food, mercury vapor from amalgam tooth fillings and antiseptic and antifungal agent including organomercury compound named as thimerosal. Mercury genotoxicity has been generally featured to its ability to react with the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin, damaging spindle function and leading to chromosomal defects and polyploidy. Another substantial mechanism of mercury genotoxicity is its capability to produce free radicals which can cause DNA damage. In vivo studies have demonstrated a clastogenic effect of mercury on people who are exposed to this element. Elevated numbers of chromosome mutaions and micronuclei have been reported in miners, workers of explosive factories and people who consume contaminated fish. Since genetic toxicology and toxicogenetic become important scientific fields recently, mercury compounds which affect DNA and cause to changes on DNA were mentioned in present review.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P90. EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS. PHTHALATES AND BISPHENOL A Leila SHAHVIRDI1, Timur GÜLTEKIN2 1 Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Physical Anthropology 2Ankara University Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Department of Anthropology

Obesity is defined as a case in which body-mass index is over 30. Obesity and Metabolic disorders are increasing health problem in recent days. Endocrine disruptings are synthetic or natural substance damaging body's normal physiological functions by imitating or preventing hormones. They show their effects by increasing the metabolism of endogen peptidic or steroidal hormones; or activating or deactivating the receptors on hypothalamus, adiposis tissue, liver and the other tissues. They can be present in the environment both as a result of industrial production and naturally. These substances are thought to affect some basic process like growth, stress response, sex development, capability of reproduction, forming and using insulin and Metabolic speed by unbalancing equilibrium. Ftalats and bisfenol A are plastizer substance that are widely used in the process of producing of variety consumer goods. They are extensively used in the food packaging, materials which contact with food, cosmetics, toys, bags, drugs, medical equipment and material of construction. DEHP is mostly used phthalate derivative and considered to have possible carcinogenic effects on human. In the researches this phthalate derivative is considered to cause testicular disgenesis syndrome in animal and possibly human. Detecting of these substances in the urine, blood and in the tissues shows us that there is a contact with these materials via oral, inhalation, dermal route. The effects of phthalates and BPA on the Obesity and the adipogenesis are discussed by showing datas of in vitro, animal, animals. The latest in vivo and in vitro researches provide evidences supporting that contamination of individuals with the chemicals lead to Obesity epidemic. Animal datas and few human studies show that phthalates lead to obesity with the various biological mechanisms such as activation of PPAR, antiandrogenic effect and thyroid hormone inhibation. It is reported that there are lots of mechanism of why BPA also lead to obesity and also that BPA shows oestrogenic effect in vivo and in vitro researches. In addition to that, BPA can have some effect causing Insulin resistance and body fat forming. With the exposure to oestrogenic chemicals in the critical phase of development, there can be some unprecedented changes in the adipose tissue. Additionally, it is shown that BPA lead to some metabolic changes and increase the formation of the fat cell and accumulation of the

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016 lipid in mature fat cell with the factor of adipocyte spesific gene and transcription such as PPAR and lipoprotein lipase.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P91. DETERMINATION OF SILDENAFIL IN ADULTERATED HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS BY HPLC-UV Emrah DURAL1*, Sinan SÜZEN2, Tülin SÖYLEMEZOĞLU3 1Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sivas, Turkey 2Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 3Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey

The use of herbal supplements (HSs) for treatment erectile dysfunction (ED) has greatly increased in worldwide, mainly because of a well-entrenched belief that herbal products are reliable and free from adverse-toxic effects. Sildenafil (SD) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP specific PDE-5 and causes relaxation of smooth muscle, particularly in the corpus cavernosum and pulmonary vasculature. The observed benefit of SD for the treatment of ED has led to the increase in prevalence of illicit herbal performance enhancement products. However, SD has serious side effects which can be fatal. Due to increased use of SD in HSs and its serious side effects have a non-sophisticated, simple, rapid, and reliable methods are needed. For this purpose, we developed and validated HPLC-UV based analysis method for the detection of SD in the HSs. Seperation was carried out by an octadecylsilane C18 column. Mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile, methanol and acetate buffer (52:40:8, v/v/v). Flow was 1 mL/min. Total run was <14 min. UV was set at 292 nm. Verapamil was used as an internal standard. A good accuracy (bias <7.39) was achieved. Precision of the method was observed between 1.74-5.68 and 2.58-6.23 (RSD %) intra-day and inter-day, respectively. Linearity, recovery, LOD-LOQ of the method has been determined. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, and sensible. Method has been successfully applied in analysis of 51 herbal products which were collected from internet and the market. As a result, SD has been detected various proportions in 18 products.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P92. TOXICITIES FROM ILLICIT AND ABUSED DRUGS IN CATS AND DOGS Begum YURDAKOK-DIKMEN1*, Ayhan FILAZI1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey.

Toxicities from illicit and abused substances in pet animals by accidental, intentional or malicious ingestion, are an occasional problem in veterinary practice; where the difficulties of clinical diagnosis and the possible lack of good of anamnesis (owners may provide inaccurate, incomplete, deceive misleading history) creates a higher risk for the survival. In these cases, animals are usually presented to the veterinary clinics once the clinical signs are apparent. Veterinarians are obliged to report legal authorities when the animal is diagnosed with these drugs; whereas it is usually missed. Dogs that work for police and customs are at an increased risk of illicit drug intoxication. Diagnostically, available test kits may help exclude a suspected case in clinics/animal hospitals; meanwhile for the detection of exact amount of exposure, veterinary diagnostic laboratories are required. Whereas, veterinary toxicology laboratories including the broader spectrum of drugs with species specific differences (specific metabolites) are missing in our country, which would expected to serve practicioners in the field. Among the illicit and abused drugs, a discussion of the more common poisonings for dogs and cats including amphetamine/amphetamine-like compounds, sedative/hypnotics, opioids, ketamine, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, cocaine, heroin, MDMA, hallucinogens (LSD, mushroom) with their pharmacokinetics, toxicity, pathogenesis, clinical findings diagnostics along with the species specific treatment options are presented. The general opinion, regarding the mirror approaches for the diagnostics/treatment of illicit/abused drugs in humans for pets, should be converted into a more species specific approach with an emphasis in veterinary toxicology.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P93. A REVIEW ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF A PESTICIDE ON HUMAN HEALTH Hatice Bike IÇEN1* 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering Department, Kastamonu *[email protected]

Pesticides are known as the chemicals for human needs in various fields. They are generally used for agricultural activities in research and application areas. These agricultural chemicals are grouped as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides etc. Apart from that areas they are used in cosmetic, shampoo as cleaning products, cellulose production in construction sector, industrial activities and individual home uses as disinfection. Even if their usage is for meeting the human needs, these chemicals can cause environmental pollution and health poisoning such as acute and chronic toxicity on human. EU has focused on its toxicity and non-biodegradable effect in their regulations and so on Turkey make researches about these chemicals to adapt EU directives. Nowadays, it needs to be researched in detail due to widespread usage in agricultural areas, especially in Turkey. In our country, according to National Poison Center rate of human pesticide acute poisoning in these areas is given as 8.34 %. Its acute toxicity effects on receptors, human and non-target species, are the main concerns to be assessed as a risk. According to their chemical contents such as organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects will cause many health problems on human like neurotoxic, cardiovascular, endocrine disruption, allergic reactions via the ways of air, soil, water and foods with different dose in varying periods. Many researches declare that the concentration of pesticides in receptors should be investigated and determined in transparent to restrain its expected adverse effects with indicative parameters for acute toxicity.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P94. DETERMINATION OF THE ADULTERATION IN OLIVE OILS WHICH SOLD UNCONTROLLED Nesrin IÇLI1*, Gülçin Ö. ÇANTAY2, Sezen ÇETINER2, Zeliha KAYAALTI3 1Kastamonu University Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey 2Ministry of Customs and Trade, Ankara Laboratory Directorate, Ankara, Turkey 3Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Cebeci, Ankara

The regulations relating to olive oil are covered by "Olive Oil and Pomace Oil Communique" in the “Turkish Food Codex” in Turkey and monitored by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. According to this communique, the mixing of olive oil with other oils (adulteration) is forbidden. Today, the liter price of extra virgin olive oil in Turkey has increased to about 20-25 TL. Thus, the people tend to buy the unbranded and cheap oils sold uncontrolled in the streets and bazaars. The possibility of adulteration of these oils is very high. The aim of this study was investigating of the unbranded olive oils in terms of adulteration and comparing with some of olive oils of the best known trademarks. The fatty acid composition (it was analyzed by GC-MS), refractive index and free fatty acidity expressed oleic acid (wt%) were determined in 40 samples (7 of them are trademarks). The fatty acid composition of 10 of 33 olive oils sold uncontrolled, were different from the fatty acid composition of olive oil. Furthermore, their linoleic acid amounts were found to 2-3 fold higher than olive oil’s. It showed that these oils mixed with other vegetable oils contained high amounts of linoleic acid. The refractive index values at 20 °C (nD20) and free faty acidities of the samples that in accordance with the specifications "Extra virgin olive oil”, were between 1.4672 to 1.4691 and 0.28% to 3.64%, respectively, these values for the inappropriate samples were between 1.4710 to 1.4738 and 0.09% to 0.67%, respectively. According to Communique, the crude oils were defined as the inappropriate oils for direct consumption, and the free faty acidity values of them more than 2%. The values of free faty acidity of 9 of 33 samples sold uncontrolled, were founded more than 2%, in accordance with crude oils. All of the analysis results of trademarks were found appropriate for the specifications of "extra virgin olive oil".

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P95. HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF (4S)-2-(4-HYDROXY-3- METHOXYPHENYL) THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ON ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) GILLS Cansu AKBULUT1, Zeynep İŞEL1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Nazan Deniz YÖN1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Sakarya, Turkey 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey

Investigation the histopathological effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on gill tissue of zebrafish were aimed. (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is new synthesized substance which obtained from cysteine and valine. Because of thiazolidine derivates have important biological responses scientist work intensively on these compounds recent years. It is obvious that thiazolidine contained compounds will be used in future in the pharmaceutical industry to treat important diseases. After one-week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and 3 experimental groups (0.2 mM, 0.4mM 0.6mM). Gills were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. Tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin (H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal gill histology was observed. In 0.2 mM exposure group, apical fusion, hyperplasia at primary lamellae and degeneration at secondary lamellae were detected. In 0.4 mM exposure group, hyperplasia at both primary and secondary lamellae, fusion at secondary lamellae, hypertrophy at secretory cells and vacuolization at primary lamellae were monitored. In 0.6 mM exposed group, severe vacuolization at secretory cells, hyperplasia at both primary and secondary lamellae, vacuolization at primary lamellae and apical fusion were observed.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P96. OXYTOCIN REPLACEMENT OR THE EFFECTS OF ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT ON MOTHERHOOD ATTITUDES Ummu Ebiha CELIK1, Gulsah APAYDIN1*, Huseyin AYHAN2, Esra CALIK VAR3, Mesut AKYOL4, Ziya Cibali ACIKGOZ5, Ahmet CARHAN6 1Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, 4th year student, Ankara 2Biltek College, Ankara 3Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Health Science, Social Services, Ankara 4Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, Biostatistics Dept., Ankara 5Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, Microbiology Dept., Ankara 6Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Dept., Ankara

Oxytocin is a hormone in the form of a protein which consists of nine amino acids that has different effects on living creature. In this study, we will investigate the effects of oxytocin on motherhood attitudes. In the studies with rats, the baby rats have been taken away from the insensible mother rats who do not show licking or grooming, have been given to concerned mother rats. Those rats which carry insensible mother genes turned into concerned mothers. Therefore, two-staged study has been designed. At the first stage, the aim is to create insensible mother rats. To create insensible mothers, stress factor has been used such as dark environment and leaving them without mother The second stage will be performed with the baby rats of insensible mother rats. Herein, the aim is to turn baby rats into concerned ones. To make this, 3 methods are going to be used; 1) giving them to sensible mothers, 2) oxytocin replacement, 3) taking them into an enriched cage with food and fun. Five groups will be created for insensible baby rats. 1st group: they will be taken from insensible mothers and given to concerned mothers 2nd group: they will be taken right after borning from an insensible mother and theoxytocin replacement will be carried out daily for three weeks till puberty 3rd group: they will be taken right after borning from an insensible mother, and when they reach puberty (average 22nd day), the oxytocin replacement will be carried out for 3 weeks daily 4th group: they will be taken right after borning from an insensible mother, they will stay in an enriched cage for 3 weeks till puberty. 5th group: they will be taken right after borning from an insensible mother, and when they reach puberty (average 22nd day), they will stay in an enriched cage for 3 weeks. The experimental results will be compared with three methods. 1st method: the evaluation of oxytocin level in the blood 2nd method: the evaluation of brain functions with PET 3rd method: the observation of communication between five group of rats and their siblings.

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In conclusion, we aim to show that the methodological differences in experimental design at different time point of lifewill possibly lead to the evaluation differences. One of the experimental set up will help us better understanding the oxytocin replacement or the effects of enriched environment on motherhood attitudes.

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P97. SURVEILLANCE OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN RAW MILK SAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN TURKEY Sevcihan TAS1*, Emel Banu BUYUKUNAL1 1Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology

Aflatoxins are produced by various species of Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp. and Rhizopus spp. under certain conditions. They are characterized by causing teratogenic, mutagenic and cancerogenic effects on human and animal. Intake of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals is metabolized to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liver and transferred into milk. Therefore, AFM1 specifically is important in milk and milk products. In this study, AFM1 levels in 72 raw milk samples collected from six southern cities of Turkey (Adana, Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş, Malatya, Osmaniye) were monitored with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for 18-week period in winter and spring seasons of 2015. Mean values of AFM1 in raw milk samples within the experimental period ranged between 32.4-55.0 ng/l. The highest raw milk AFM1 values were detected in samples from Adana (52.7 ng/l), Adıyaman (52.3 ng/l), Gaziantep (55.0 ng/l) and Kahramanmaraş (55.0 ng/l), which were above the permissive value of Turkish Food Codex (<50 ng/l). However, mean AFM1 values for samples from Malatya (32.4 ng/l) and Osmaniye (45.5 ng/l) were below the permissive value. The surveillance of AFM1 should be routinely performed in raw milk samples for public health concerns.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P98. CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING THE NEW-GENERATION PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES Dilek SALKIM IŞLEK1, Salih CENGIZ1, Gülten RAYIMOĞLU1, Fatma ÇAVUŞ1* Emel Hülya YÜKSELOĞLU1 1Istanbul University Institute of Forensic Sciences, 34303, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey *[email protected]

A psychoactive substance is a substance that affects the central nervous system, alters brain functions, and leads to changes in perception, mood and behavior. Apart from well-known psychoactive substances, there are some substances called new- generation psychoactive substances that have risen in recent years. Such substances may be divided into 4 categories: Synthetic cannabinoids, cathinone derivatives, phenylethylamine derivatives, and others including tryptamines, piperazines, hallucinogenic mushrooms, craton and harmine. In addition, these are called legal drugs, custom-design or herbal drugs in the market. The use of such substances has been more and more common as they are released under various titles, easily accessible online, not listed as narcotic drugs, pass tests since they are not detected in pre-scan tests, and easily available in social circles since they are odor- free, and there are some legal gaps, as well. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and acute and chronic effects of the majority of these new psychoactive substances are not fully known, while some studies suggest that people develop tolerance and addiction towards such substances. Identification of such substances has become more important in the recent years. However, there are some challenges such as the use of isomers and derivatives in tests for such substances rather than the actual substances, the length of the period of time spent to offer more insight to their structures, and the lack of a system with a licensed library in effect. This study analyzes the identification of the new-generation psychoactive substances challenges encountered meanwhile.

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P99. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (4S)-2-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL) THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ON ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) OVARY TISSUE Nazan Deniz YÖN1, Ceyda ÖZTÜRK1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Cansu AKBULUT1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Sakarya, Turkey 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey

Examination the histopathological effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on ovary tissue of zebrafish were aimed. (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is new synthesized substance which obtained from cysteine and valine. Because of thiazolidine derivates have important biological responses scientist work intensively on these compounds recent years. It is obvious that thiazolidine contained compounds will be used in future in the pharmaceutical industry to treat important diseases. Zebrafish were raised in a computer-controlled incubation chamber, and received 14 hours of daylight and 10 hours of darkness everyday. After one week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and experimental groups (0,2mM, 0,4mM, 0,6Mm). For investigating the effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4- carboxylic acid , ovary tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. After tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin (H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal ovary histology was observed. Primary oocytes, cortical alveolus stage oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes and mature oocytes were monitored clearly. In 0,2mM exposure group, seperation between follicular epithelium and zona radiata was also monitored at cortical alveoli. Opening at structure of oocytes were observed. Openings between zona radiata and vitelline envelope were detected at cortical alveoli. Disintegration of vitelline envelope were monitored at vitellogenic oocyte structure. Vacuolization were observed at cortical alveolus stage oocyte structure. In 0,4mM exposure group, seperation between follicular epithelium and zona radiata was also monitored at mature oocyte. Vacuolization at cortical alveolus stage oocytes were monitored. Seperation between follicular epithelium and zona radiata was monitored at cortical alveoli. In 0,6mM exposure group, openings between zona radiata and vitelline envelope were detected at cortical alveoli. Vacuolization at cortical alveolus stage oocytes were monitored. Degeneration was detected at mature oocyte.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P100. INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOME FOUNDATION PRODUCTS IN TURKEY Onur ERDEM1, Kenan Can TOK2*, Eyüp ÇIRAK1, Serdar ÇETINKAYA1, Cemal AKAY1, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey * kenancantok.com

There are many kinds of cosmetics are being used for many years. Cosmetics which applied to the skin surface can pass into the systemic circulation depending on the components inside and which may cause systemic exposure. Thus, the possible toxic effects associated with the use of these products are considered to be decisive of components of cosmetics. The most important of these components are toxic heavy metals which originated from production as inevitable impurities and/or contaminations. The most important heavy metals for cosmetics are lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). The aim of this study we carried out investigation of 52 foundation sample which obtained from 15 different brands. In our study, levels of Pb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd, Sb and As was measured using the method of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). Our results show that levels of As, Cd, Pb and Sb of samples are well below limits which set out in current regulations. However, the amount of Cr in all analyzed samples was found to be above the limit which highlighted in the literature in view of allergic reactions. Respectively three and two samples are only determined that exceed the limit values in terms of Co and Ni. As a result, it can be stated that examined foundations are safe to use in terms of heavy metals except for Cr. However, it would be useful to repeat similar studies with specific intervals for the safe use of these products.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P101. INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOME LIPSTICK PRODUCTS IN TURKEY Kenan Can TOK1*, Onur ERDEM2, Eyüp ÇIRAK2, Serdar ÇETINKAYA2, Cemal AKAY2, Zeliha KAYAALTI1 1Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. *kenancantok.com

There are many kinds of cosmetics are being used for many years. Cosmetics which applied to the skin surface can pass into the systemic circulation depending on the components inside and which may cause systemic exposure. Thus, the possible toxic effects associated with the use of these products are considered to be decisive of components of cosmetics. The most important of these components are toxic heavy metals which originated from production as inevitable impurities and/or contaminations. The most important heavy metals for cosmetics are lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). The aim of this study we carried out investigation of 35 foundation sample which obtained from 11 different brands. In our study, levels of Pb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd, Sb and As was measured using the method of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). Our results show that levels of As, Cd, Co, Pb and Sb of samples are well below limits which set out in current regulations and highlighted suggestions in the literature. However, the amount of Cr in 34 samples was found to be above the limit (1 ppm) which highlighted in the literature in view of allergic reactions. Despite the fact that 14 samples are determined that exceed the recommended limit values of Ni, samples are well below the legal limits. As a result, it can be stated that examined lipsticks are safe to use in terms of heavy metals except for Cr. However, it would be useful to repeat similar studies with specific intervals for the safe use of these products.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P102. TBARS, SH AND NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN MALE WORKERS WITH OCCUPATIONAL LEAD EXPOSURE Gülsen YILMAZ1*, Hatice SÜRER2, Elmas ÖĞÜŞ2, Engin TUTKUN4, Hınç YILMAZ3, Fatma Meriç YILMAZ1 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 3Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Public Health, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey *[email protected]

To determine TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive sobstances), SH (thiols) and NOx (Nitric Oxide metabolites) levels as indicators of oxidative stress, to discuss the correlation of oxidative stres with blood lead (Pb) concentrations and discuss the interactions between NOx and oxidative stress in workers with occupational lead exposure. 104 battery workers with lead exposure and 50 healthy controls without a lead exposure were included in the study. Pb exposed workers were divided into two subgroups according to their Pb concentration; Group A: Pb ≤ 30 µg/dL (n= 52) and Group B: Pb > 30 µg/dL (n= 52). TBARS levels were significantly higher, SH levels were significantly lower in both of the exposed groups when compared with controls. TBARS levels were found to be significantly higher and SH levels were found to be significantly lower in Group B when compared with Group A indicating that the oxidative stress increases with the increasing blood lead levels. There was not a significant difference in NOx levels. The results of the study showed that the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in Pb exposure is disturbed by inducing over-production of TBARS and depleting the antioxidant capacity in a Pb concentration dependent manner. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be a principle mechanism involved in Pb toxicity.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P103. THE IMPORTANCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS Deren TAHMAS KAHYAOĞLU1* 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, 37200, Kastamonu, TURKEY * [email protected]

In suitable moisture and temperature conditions some fungus such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Claviceps synthesis the mycotoxins which have toxic and carcinogenic properties are fungal metabolites that have low molecular weights. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichothecene, zearalenone, patulin and fumonisin are the most common mycotoxins. Aflatoxins, one ofthe most important mycotoxins, are heat- resistant, toxic, immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic secondary metabolic products produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillus paraciticusand Aspergillus nomius. Aflatoxins are composed of 6 main components as Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2. According to toxic effects generated by aflatoxins, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most effective one. The cows fed diets containing AFB1 and AFB2, commonly found the derivatives which are similar to the main molecules but show less biological effects are called AFM1 and AFM2. Especially, AFM1 make serious problems in terms of food hygiene in dairy products. The carcinogenic effect of AFM1 is 10 times less than AFB1 but their toxicity effects are reported as a same level. As a result of negative effects of aflatoxins on human health, AFB1 iscategorized in primary level while AFM1 in secondary level among carcinogenic substances by the International Agency for Research on Cancerdepending World Health Organization. AFM1 limit values are indicated regulation of Turkish Food Codex. Due to carrying high risk for human heath, the presence of AFM1 in dairy products should be carried out to reduce mold growth in all processes from production to consumption stage and the feeds which are given to dairy animals should be kept in appropriate storage conditions by controlling them regularly. In addition, modern production techniques should be applied and manufacturers should be raised awareness.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P104. THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCREDITATION IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Dilek SALKIM IŞLEK1, Salih CENGIZ1, Fatma ÇAVUŞ1*, Gülten RAYIMOĞLU1, Emel Hülya YÜKSELOĞLU1 1Istanbul University Institute of Forensic Sciences, 34303, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey *[email protected]

Accreditation is a quality infrastructure established to reinforce reliability and validity of efforts exerted by conformity assessment organizations and their conformity confirmation documents issued as a result of such efforts (experiment and examination reports, calibration certificates, management system documents, product documents, staff documents etc.). Since accredited organizations are obliged to act in line with acknowledged standards, laboratories have to comply with current standards for tests and analyses. Activities undertaken in line with the standards enhance competitiveness in both domestic and international terms since they have to comply with conditions set out by such standards. They also lower costs and increase profitability. While businesses adopt TS EN ISO/IEC 9001, laboratories, on the other hand, opt for TS EN ISO/IEC 17025, an indicator of authorization to perform tests. This standard is divided into two main sections. First is the management conditions while second is technical features including physical conditions of laboratories and feasibility of methods TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard has been drawn up for laboratories to improve their management systems in quality, administrative and technical procedures. This standard safeguards the reliability of tests performed by forensic laboratories with such a standard, and the impartiality of expertise services and conformity with standards. This study offers an insight into requirements for TS EN ISO/IEC 17025, and advantages accorded to forensic laboratories that adopt this standard.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P105. THE ANALYSIS OF EXPOSURES TO NATURAL XENOBIOTICS RECORDED BY HACETTEPE DRUG AND POISON INFORMATION UNIT BETWEEN 2005 AND 2014 Gülru GÜRDEMIR1*, Ayçe ÇELIKER1 1Hacettepe Drug and Poison Information Unit, Ankara, Turkey

In this survey, the calls regarding exposures to natural xenobiotics suspected by callers as intoxications were analyzed. In this context, plants, mushrooms, venomous and nonvenomous animals and natural oils were included. The percentage of those exposures to total poisoning calls was 5.7. The mostly offending group of natural xenobiotics was found as animals with 50.0 % including scorpions (25.6% of all animals), snakes (22.0%), and wasps (9.8%). As mushrooms were counted as plants, plants group (46.6 % of all naturals) contained mainly mushrooms (46.1 %) and secondly diffenbachia (10.5%) exposures. Annual ditribution showed a decline in animal bites / stings in overall poisoning calls. Victims were mainly adults both in animal group (67.1 %) and plant ingestions including “mad honey” (55.6 %). The ratio of female to male was found almost equally in overall natural exposures. Major mode of poisoning was accidental (85.3 %) in all natural exposures, however a few medication errors also reported in plants group (11.1 %). Physicians dominated as callers of the cases totally with a percentage of 65. Between 2005 and 2014 period no mortality due to natural xenobiotic exposures was recorded by Hacettepe Drug and Poison Informatioın Unit.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P106. THE EFFECTS OF IONIZED RADIATION TO MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR DNA Emel Hülya YÜKSELOĞLU1, Kadir DAŞTAN2, Fatma ÇAVUŞ1*, Gülten RAYIMOĞLU1, Dilek SALKIM IŞLEK1 1Istanbul University Institute of Forensic Sciences, 34303, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey 2YeniYuzyil University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cevizlibag, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey *[email protected]

Ionized radiation is a well-known mutagen leading to karyotypic anomalies at high doses, gene mutation and amplification, cellular transformation, clonal heterogeneity and reproductive cell death. Ionized radiation, gamma and alpha radiation in particular, may have adverse effects on the analysis of DNA at a variety of biological matrices. Early studies had looked into restricting effects of gamma radiation emanating from a cobalt- 60 source, and alpha particles which radiating from a particle accelerator, on successful DNA profiling in qualitative and quantitative terms and identified the stability, sample integrity and DNA degradation threshold doses of the post-irradiation DNA sample. Higher doses of radiation in blood, saliva, bone and genomic DNA lead to a progressive loss in loci with high- molecular weight and a decrease in allele frequency while it is concluded that ionized radiation and mainly D18S51 as one of the largest target fragments interacts more with longer fragments. Degradation in the DNA molecule was shown to occur as fragmentation in the DNA strand, cross-linking among strands, deamination and dimer formation. It is determined that biological matrices exposed to gamma irradiation were relatively more resistant in terms of DNA analysis, and a full DNA profile for up to 10,000 Gy dose can be obtained while samples exposed to alpha irradiation were resistant to higher doses. It is revealed that point mutations and deletions were accumulated in mitochondrial DNA due to ionized radiation, thus led to a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in reactive oxygen derivatives. Besides, it is a known that the mitochondrial genome exposed to ionized radiation is more fragile than the nuclear DNA. The control site is the most polymorphic region of the mtDNA genome, and the damage induced by ionized radiation is most commonly observed here. This damage is dose-dependent, requiring 72 hours to reach a measurable level while it manifest itself in both normal cells and tumors, and there is no correlation with radiosensitivity.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P107. THE PROFILE OF POISONING CALLS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2014 RECEIVED BY HACETTEPE DRUG AND POISON INFORMATION UNIT Ayçe ÇELIKER1, Gülru GÜRDEMIR1* 1Hacettepe Drug and Poison Information Unit, Ankara, Turkey

In this report poisoning calls received by Hacettepe Drug and Poison Information Unit were epidemiologically evaluated. The ratio of poisoning enquiries was 23.3 % in all calls. In annual distribution of the numbers of poisoning calls showed a peak in 2006 with 18.1 % afterwards steadily declined in the graph. While pharmaceutical drugs were found as the main cause of poisoning with 58.1 %, household products and pesticides followed them. with percentages of 10.5 and 7.6 respectively. The ratio of female to male was 1.2 /1.0. Major mode of poisoning was accidental (68.5 %), and most of the victims were younger than 5 years of age (65 %). Suicidal attempts were encountered mostly in 17 to 40 years of age group (71 %). While females were dominant in suicidal attempts, accidental exposures affected both sexes equally. The majority of the callers were physicians (65.9 %), and the locations of them were mostly state hospitals including former social security hospitals (39.9 %). Whereas almost 30 % of calls were received from Ankara, Istanbul was the second city with lower percentage (16.2 %). In this period only one mortality was recorded, in fact the case was exitus, when Hacettepe Drug and Poison Informattion Unit was called.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P108. EFFECT OF THE ANTI-TNF DRUGS ON CYTOCHROME P450 2C19 ACTIVITY Mustafa Tugrul GOKTAS1, Erdem K. ÖZER2, Halil KARA1, Ilknur ALBAYRAK GEZER3, Umit YASAR4 1Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey 2Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Konya, Turkey 3Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Konya, Turkey 4Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 have been shown to increase in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) blockers, such as etanercept, infliximab, golimumab and adalimumab are an alternative treatment in the AS patients. We previously showed that CYP2C19 activity was lower in AS patients compared to that of the healthy volunteers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TNF antagonists (etanercept, infliximab, golimumab and adalimumab) on the CYP2C19 enzyme activity. Eleven AS patients using TNFα blockers and 21 AS patients not treated with TNF-α blockers were included in the study. CYP2C19 enzyme activity was determined by lansoprazole metabolic ratio (lansoprazole/5-hydroxy lansoprazole) using high pressure liquid chromatography. Difference in the metabolic ratios of lansoprazole was compared with Mann–Whitney U test. The mean values of lansoprazole metabolic ratio were 27.2 and 20.0 in Anti-TNF user and non-user AS patient groups (p=0.28, median and 95% CI: 25.0 [15.0-39.5] and 13.3 [13.4- 26.6], respectively).

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CYP2C19 enzyme activity was similar in Anti-TNF user and non-user. Anti-TNF drugs do not seem to interact with CYP2C19 substrates at the level of drug metabolism.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P109. NEW APPROACHES TO THE CAUSES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: CAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS GIVE RISE TO AUTISM? Merve KOÇAK1*, Merve VATANSEVER1, Hilal KAYA1 1Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Psychology *[email protected]

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by neurodevelopmental differences with impairment of some intellectual and social abilities as seen persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviours, interests or activities, usually starts on early childhood in referance to DSM 5. Despite of different subtypes of ASD, the prevelance is known %1 of the population (similar rates in child and adult samples). Moreover, the epidemiological studies show that ASD rates has increased recent years and the etiology of ASD is started to research more detaily. For all this, information and awareness of ASD have changed significantly and early intervention treatments has been getting more important. It is known that genetic (e.g. heredity, shared genes) and biologic factors (e.g. hormonal differences, immunological abnormalities, brain deficits) play a causal role for ASD, but higher rates of autism diagnosis draw attention to the key role of environmental factors (e.g. prenetal and perinatal factors, infections, inoculations). Exposure environmental factors directly or indirectly affect the ASD, but new researches about ASD show the importance of environmetal pollutions especially exposure air pollution during pregnancy period. Few studies have showed pollution effect on the ASD significantly with different ways. Thus, it can be necessary to understand the associations between various pollutions and autism for treatment modalities. As a result, how exposures environmental pollution affect the etiology of ASD will be presented and discussed in this presentation with new approaches.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P110. HEMOLYSIS INTERFERENCE ON ETHANOL ASSAY Metin GENÇ1, Özlem DOĞAN1, Zihni KARAEREN2, Aslıhan AVCI1* 1Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry 2Ankara University, Ibni Sina Hospital, Central Laboratory

In this study, it was aimed that evaluate the hemolysis effect on ethanol assay. In this study, about 10 and 40 mg/dL concentration ethanol containing samples was prepared with ethanol calibrator (92.7 mg/dL) and evaluated the effect of hemolysis. For providing similar matrix, 10 ethanol-free normal patients’ serums were pooled and used for diluations. Hemoglobin was isolated from fresh blood. Evaluation was performed in 5 levels of hemolysis (about 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL). It has been shown to vary that about 10 mg/dL ethanol at 5 hemolysis levels 10.3, 10.5, 12.3, 14, 16.6 respectively. (According to the first reading percent differences are 1.84, 19.42, 35.92, 61,17 respectively). It has been shown to vary that about 10 mg/dL ethanol at 5 hemolysis levels 41.6, 41.6, 41.2, 43.9, 44.8 respectively (according to the first reading percent differences are 0, -0,96, 5.53, 7.69 respectively). Most of the methods currently on the market use the same enzymatic reaction (alcohol dehydrogenase). Therefore, a similar interference may occur in devices from other brands. High rate of interference, especially in low level of ethanol, may be associated with the analytical sensitivity. Hemolysis samples should be carefully considered to not experience legal troubles.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P111. DRUG ABUSE TRENDS IN EUROPE AND IN SERBIA Vesna Matović1 1Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović” Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade

Widespread recognition is that drugs, together with organized crime, jeopardize peace, security, and development of the world. Despite increased attention to drug demand reduction in recent years, drug use continues to take a heavy toll. Today, the European drug markets continue to change and evolve rapidly; both the variety and the quantity of new psychoactive substances on Europe’s market are still increasing. In 2014, over a hundred new psychoactive substances were detected, mainly from the chemical groups of synthetic cannabinoids, piperazines, cathinones, pyrovalerones etc. Risk assessments were conducted on six new drugs. However, the „classic“ drugs are still widely used in Europe and according to EMCDDA 5.7 % of European adults aging 15 64 used cannabis in 2014. This drug is also accounted for 80 % of seizures and for over 60 % of all reported drug law offences in Europe due to its use or possession. Rather stable situation is with cocain, amphetamines and ecstazy and even opioids, with heroin as the most common opioid on the European drug market. In the same year, 1.3 million problem opioid users was registered and furthermore opioids were found in 66 % of fatal drug overdoses. Drug abuse trend is similar in Serbia: all surveys have shown prevalence of marijuana with the tendency of more balanced results between urban and rural vicinities, and high percentage of young users. Estimated number of injecting drug users in Serbia is about 25 000, and according to data from the general mortality register heroin is the main cause of death, alone or in combination with alcohol, bensodiazepines or other substances.

This work was partly financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development (Grant No. III46009.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P112. THE EFFECT INFUSIONS OF MELISSA OFFICINAL, CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, TERMINALIA CHEBULA, CYNARA SCOOLYMUS, SILYBUM MARIANUM AND CICHORIUM INTYBUS L, IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD1, Zahra HAGHANIFAR1, Sima BALABANDI2, Samira SHAHRJERDI3, Mohammad ABDOLLAHI4 1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2Faculty of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, Iran 3Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 4Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is known as a serious problem in the public health. It is characterized by high blood glucose level, insulin resistance, impaired lipid, and protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Medication, exercise and diet are considered as fundamental treatment protocols of T2D. Furthermore, recently more attention has been paid to the beneficial effect of herbal medicine on T2D treatment. Hence the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Melissa officinal, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Terminalia chebula, Cynara scoolymus, Silybum marianum Cichorium intybus L on hypoglycaemic control. The study designed as a before-after clinical trial in 50 T2D patients. All participants were asked to drink the herbal tea mixture twice a day for 30 days. The biochemical parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), glucose tolerance test (GTT), high density lipoprotein (HDL),, low density lipoprotein (LDL),, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline transferase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Cl), Creatine Cr, Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured before and after intervention. The results represented a significant decrease in FBS (p<0.05) while there were no significant changes in HDL-C, LDL-C, ALP, AST, HbA1C, ALT, TG, Cl, Cr and HRPP. In conclusion, the present outcomes suggest the herbal tea mixture including decrease FBS among T2D and could consider as an efficient treatment in prevention and reduction of hyperglycemia although further research is required to identify the obvious effect of herbal medicine in T2D.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P113. THE EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE NEUROCOGNITIVE STATE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG WORKERS Asma BAHRANIFARD1, Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD2, Samira SHAHRJERDI3, Zeynab KIANI2, Kobra RAHZANI4, Mohammad ABDOLLAHI5 1Natural Hazards Management, Shakhes Pajouh Research Institue, Isfahan, Iran 2Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 4Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran 5Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation even with low dosage is associated with mutation and carcinogen factors. Ionizing radiations via free radicals overproduction and oxidative stress could lead to increase incidence of numerous diseases. The present study aimed to compare the neurocognitive state and oxidative stress and quality of life in workers in compare to control group. The participants were consisted of 53 ionizing radiation exposed workers and 41 non exposed workers as control group. The biochemical parameters, the amount of DNA damage in blood serum, the neurocognitive parameters by SNI questionnaire, the psychological parameters by SCL90 and quality of life by SF36 questionnaire were evaluated to investigate the consequences. The data was analyzed with multivariate variance analysis and person correlate. The biochemical parameters evaluation represented significant reduction in glucose level while the serum level of aspartat amino transferase has been increased considerably in exposed workers. The amount of DNA damage revealed no significant diffrences in both groups. Additionally, there is a direct and significant corrolation between work history of and DNA damage. The psycological and neurocognitive assessment proved considerable decrease under influence of inonizing radiation. Quality of life quesionniare revealed decrease in physical activity with increase pain and anxiety level. Consequently, it sounds oxidative stress due to ionizing radiations have brought detrimental effects on the psycological and neurocognitive parameters and physical health status. Hence it is necessary to consider the ioniozing radiation effects on workers metabolic and neurocognitive status to provide Occupational Health in work places.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P114. THE EFFECT INFUSIONS OF MELISSA OFFICINAL, CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, TERMINALIA CHEBULA, CYNARA SCOOLYMUS, SILYBUM MARIANUM CICHORIUM INTYBUS L, IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER Ali Akbar MALEKIRAD1, Marziyeh BIDRAM1, Sima BALABANDI2, Samira SHAHRJERDI3, Mohammad ABDOLLAHI4 1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2Faculty of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, Iran 3Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 4Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known as a chronic metabolic disorder that affect on the liver function. Besides the prevalence of NAFLD is increasing rapidly, recent attentions have focused on herbal medicine as an efficient treatment. Hence the present study aimed to evaluate the effect infusions of Melissa officinal, cinnamon, nettle, chicory and artichoke on liver function. The present study was designed as a before-after clinical trial that was conducted on 21 patients with NAFLD. All participants were asked to use the tea bags of extract plant mixture twice a day for one month. The biochemical parameters evaluation including cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline transferase (ALP) of individual’s blood sample were preformed. Additionally, ultrasonographic examinations in order to determine the grade of fatty liver were applied. The results before and after intervention were analyzed by descriptive tests (meanSD), paired t- test, Pearson and chi-square. The results revealed that the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides and liver enzymes including ALT, AST, and ALP have been decreased significantly after consumption of plant extract mixture tea. The ultrasonographic investigation indicated fatty liver grade has been decreased significantly following intervention. In conclusion the results suggest that the use of tea bag of plant extracts mixture have brought positive effects on liver function and NAFLD prevention.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P115. DETECTION OF CATHINONES IN URINE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH A VALIDATED METHOD Mukaddes GÜRLER1, Pınar TAŞKIN1, Ebru ÖZCAN1, Şahin KARKIN1 1Hacettepe Üniversity Medical Faculty, Forensic Toxicology Laboratory

Cathinone is the principal active constituent of the Khat plant (Catha edulis), and has similar stimulant properties to natural amphetamine. Khat leaves are chewed as a recreational drug especially in Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. Internationally, cathinone is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Substituted cathinones are derivatives of cathinone; some of them have medical uses as well, but some are strong psychoactive drugs and commonly sold in “bath salts”. Their use may have very serious public health and safety consequences. Therefore, testing for these drugs is an important issue for laboratories. Their potential for thermal instability during gas chromatography- mass spectrometry and the need for sensitivity in forensic toxicology determinations liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MSMS is preferable for the determination of synthetic cathinones in biological samples. Our aim was to develop a validated LC-MSMS method for determining synthetic cathinones (Methedron, Buphedron, Mephedron, Alpha-PVP, Bupropion, d,I-4-etilmetcathinon) in human urine samples. For this purpose, we used certified standard materials with an internal standard solution and gradient grade chemicals. We studied the linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy and imprecision, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery and carry-over as validation parameters of the assay. Tandem mass spectrometric detection at positive electrospray ionization in the MRM mode was used. The results indicated that all parameters were in acceptable analytical ranges. This validated method is suitable for analyzing cathinones in clinical and forensic toxicology cases.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P116. DECISION MAKING DIFFICULTIES IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY: AMISULPRIDE CASE Aykut LALE1*, Mahmut Şerif YILDIRIM1, Ramazan AKÇAN1 1Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Department of Forensic Medicine Ankara, Turkey

Amisulpride is a neuroleptic drug used to improve the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia with dopaminergic activity in high doses. A 41-year-old female was found dead at home. Her medical records were unknown but only one of her relative gave information that she had a psychiatric disorder and took medications with unknown dosage. An autopsy was performed. No remarkable injuries or pathologies were observed in macroscopic and microscopic examination. Samples of full stomach content, femoral blood, urine and bile were collected and analyzed with LC-MS/MS. In the stomach content, bile and urine amisulpride, quetiapine and metabolite of quetiapine were found. In blood analysis (70ng/ml) quetiapine and (1330ng/ml) amisulpride were detected. In decision making process to toxic death, blood drug concentrations and sampling localizations, postmortem redistribution, available concentration – toxicity relationship in literature, drug dosing interval, dose levels, drug tolerance must be considered according to experts. Amisulpride lethal dose is over 9300-41700ng/ml and toxic dose is over 640ng/ml in the review of Martin Schulz and colleagues. Although our decedent’s amisulpride levels in blood were above toxic limit, no available data about postmortem redistribution of amisulpride was found. On the other hand, decedent’s drug dosig interval and dose levels are unknown to determine occurrence of tolerance. As a conclusion in spite of no remarkable cause of death was found in our case, death was not associated to amisulpride toxicity because of lack of decedent’s medical history and inadequate data about postmortem destiny of amisulpride.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P117. CYTOTOXIC, GENOTOXIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HERBICIDE GRANWEED A.Nihal GÖMÜRGEN1*, Gökçen BAYSAL FURTANA2, Rukiye TIPIRDAMAZ1 1Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Beytepe, Ankara/TURKEY 2Gazi University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Teknikokullar, Ankara/TURKEY *[email protected]

Increasing pesticide usage will lead damage to the ecosystem and also human health. Allium test is a rapid and sensitive assay to detect cytotoxicity of several genotoxics and mutagenic agents. Cytotoxic effects of the herbicide Granweed [%75 Tribenuron methyl] were investigated by using Allium test. Also physiological effects (length of root and green leaf, chlorophy and MDA contents) of Granweed were examined on Allium cepa L. The roots of the 4 days old seedlings were treated with 0 g/lt (control=tap water), 0,05 g/lt, 0,1 g/lt, 0,2 g/lt and 0,4 g/lt concentrations of Granweed during 24, 48 and 72 hours. Granweed significantly decreased Mitotic Index (MI) and increased the chromosome aberrations (micronucleus, Anaphase bridge, sticky metaphase, disturbed anaphase, c-metaphase) at all concentrations and treatment periods when compared with their controls. It was also determined that Granweed enhanced the Malondialdehide (MDA) level by increasing the lipid peroxidation, decreased the length of root and green leaf and caused changes in chlorophyll contents. All these changes were observed depending on concentration and duration of applied herbicide.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P118. MELATONIN’S PRO-OXIDANT EFFECT IS AN ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE FOR NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS? Dilşad ÖZERKAN1 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Kastamonu 37100 TURKEY

Melatonin is one of well-known antioxidants that prevents from many diseases. There is no evidence belong to in vivo studies that melatonin is pro-oxidant. In lots of in vivo investigations indicate that melatonin is antioxidant even at high concentrations. On the contrary, it has been revealed that it may have pro-oxidant effects in some normal and cancer cells. Melatonin shows this impact with producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). High dose melatonin administration to normal cells such as human liver cell line (HepG2) and melanoma cells, ovine embryos lead to ROS generation and inhibition of cell proliferation, respectively. Hence, melatonin can be considered as cytotoxic in high concentrations. Giving high dosages of melatonin to cancer cells such as human leukemia cells containing Jurkat cells, MOLT-4 and CMK cells, hematopoietic tumor cell lines were resulted with decrease in cell viability and ROS production. But this situation is an advantage for ceasing the tumorigenesis. In one of the experiment with normal and tumor leucocytes the similar responses to the same concentrations of melatonin were evaluated. Identical pro-radical effect was observed in both cells. On the other hand, their viability and proliferation were not affected. It can be summarized that these function of melatonin in both healthy and cancer cells is challenging for tissue-specific cancer investigations. Due to the same effectiveness with melatonin both in normal and cancer proliferation may not seem advantageous.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P119. HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN IRRIGATION WATER IN GREENHOUSE FROM TOKAT, TURKEY Esma SÖYLEMEZ1*, Selma ÖZTEKIN1, Yalçın KAYA1, Gülçin ALTINTAŞ1, Mustafa TÜZEN2 1Middle Black Sea Passage Generation of Agricultural Research Institue Director, Tokat, Turkey 2Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat, Turkey *[email protected]

Greenhouse cultivation plays an important role in agricultural production owing to grow rapidly, produce higher yields in shorter times and out of season in smaller areas. Heavy metal has threatened soil, water, enviroment and sustainable agriculture because of with intensive cultivation and high input (pesticides, fertilizer, water) in greenhouse. Heavy metal pollution which is the most important of inorganic pollution parameters, is a worldwide problem in agricultural lands and poses a long-term risk to environment due to toxic effect and accumulation features. The aim of this study was to determine heavy metal levels of irrigation water in greenhouse in Tokat provience, Turkey. For this purpose, in total 60 water samples were taken from different 30 greenhouses. The levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn) were determined by using inductively couple plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP OES) according to standard methods. The levels of heavy metals in analyzed samples were found to be lower than permissible levels of FAO-WHO.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P120. THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN THE BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS Nuray EMIN1 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Biomedical Engineering Division, Kastamonu, Turkey

The materials used to provide structures and/or functions in a living system are called biomaterials. They are commonly synthetic materials used to treat an injury or to function in intimate contact with living organism. Biologically, chemically and mechanically acceptance of a medical implant by the whole body is very important. And this is a prerequisite for material’s biocompatibility. Biocompatibility is the appropriate host response against the material's ability in a specific application. This physiological response includes deficiency of blood clotting, resistance of bacterial colonization and normal body heating. The biomaterials and their degradation products must be biocompatible with host tissues: i.e. non-toxic, non- allergic, non-carcinogenic, and non-inflammatory. The cytotoxic effect of a material causes cell death, resulting in tissue degradation. Thus, toxicity must be determined prior the transplantation. Toxicity of biomaterials is determined by some testings based on in vitro cell culture. ISO 10993-5 regulated these methods with three testing categories. These testing categories are based on direct cell-material contact, indirect cell-material interactions and location of applications within the host. The selected cell type (e.g. somatic cell types, mesenchymal stem cells, cell lines etc.) and the origin of cells (human or other mammalians, tissue type etc.) are very important for cytotoxic testing. On the other hand qualitative or quantitative method choosing is also important parameter for cytotoxic testing. Consequently, all of these toxicity tests generally consists in determining the number of cells in proliferative stage.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P121. MINERAL AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF CHINA AND TAŞKÖPRÜ GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) Hilal YILDIZ1*, Ayla ARSLANER2, Özlem ÇAKIR2 1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Mühendislik - Mimarlık Fakültesi, Nevşehir, Türkiye 2Bayburt Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bayburt, Türkiye *[email protected]

Nowadays, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is cropped nearly all over the world and has a wide range of using area just like medical cares or making species. Besides its antibacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial features, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a wide spectrum according to its beneficial effects for and circulatory system. Additionally, in a large number of countries, importance and necessity of existing of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) are emphasized far greater in nutrition programs due to its ataractic, antibiotic, analgesic, aphrodisiac, anti-carcinogen features. Thanks to its content of sulphur compound and the compounds come up because of decomposing of sulphur compounds, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is known as an important vegetable type that has a protecting effect against cancer. Nevertheless, due to its soy tasting and smelling, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is not consumed in all societies adequately. In this study, performing a comprehensive comparison between China garlic and Kastamonu Taşköprü garlic according to their mineral composition and heavy metal content is aimed.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P122. POTENTIAL RISKS OF ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ELECTRONIC-CIGARETTES Başak Özlem PERK1*, Sezen YILMAZ SARIALTIN1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology *[email protected]

Cigarette smoking effects all organs of the body harmfully and causes various diseases including respiratory system cancers such as larynx, esophagus, lung; chronic diseases such as cataract, coronary heart diseas, diabetes, tuberculosis etc. Nicotine gums, nasal sprays, patchs, lozenges and electronic-cigarettes have been used for a while to avoid the toxic effects of cigarette and quit smoking. E-ciga are nicotine delivery systems electronically. An e- cigarette, which looks similar to traditional cigarettes, cheroots or pipes generally, is composed of a simple rechargable battery and a solution including nicotine, propylene glycol used as a solvent, water, flavoring and colorant agent. The working principle of the e- cigarettes is based on inhalation of nicotine and other excipients which are turned into steam by heat. Several studies have shown nicotine to be harmful to cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration is 5 mg/m3 for nicotine based on acut oral toxicity data on human according to NIOSH. Propylene glycol which is used as a food additive to absorb excess water and maintain the humidity classified as "generally recognized as safe" by FDA. Furthermore, it has been used as an antifreeze, ingredient in cosmetics and drugs and has not been classified as carcinogenic by IARC. Adverse health effects are likely to occur when the plasma concentrations of propylene glycol reach over 4 g/L. Several studies indicate that it has caused irritations on respiratory system; mouth, throat, pharynx. However, human studies are inadequate and the amounts and ingredients of e-cigarettes are unknown. Therefore, lung function effects, carcinogenicity and safety profile of e-cigarettes aren't expressed. Due to this contradiction, further studies are needed to assess potential health effects of e-cigarettes.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P123. ASSESSMENT OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF BUTYLPARABEN IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY AND CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS TEST Gülsüm Handan SINAN1*, Devrim GÜZEL BAYÜLKEN1, Berrin AYAZ TÜYLÜ1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, TÜRKIYE

As a member of the paraben family butylparaben is one of the most common preservative additive in foods, pharmaceuticals and personal care products because of its antimicrobial and antifungal activities. In this study, the genotoxicity of butylparaben was investigated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test and Comet assay. In addition, the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) was measured for cytotoxicity. Human lymphocytes were exposed to butylparaben different concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 hours at 37°C in CBMN test. For comet assay freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed butlyparaben (10, 25, 50 and 125 µg/ml) for an hour. Decreased CBPI-values was observed at all dose levels. A dose and time dependent increase of the micronucleated (MN) cell frequency was observed. In comet assay butlyparaben increased the DNA migration in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that butylparaben has genotoxic potential on human lymphocytes.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P124. THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL TOXIC EXPOSURES PROXIMITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HONEYBEE COLONIES AND HONEY CONTENT Cevat NISBET¹*, Ahmet GULER², Yuksel ARDALI³, Selim BIYIK² ¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, ³Department of Environment Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuzmayis University, 55139 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey *[email protected]

Environmental pollution has been increasing parallelly to technologic and industrial innovations, which is a vital environmental issue that has negative impacts on living organisms. The aim of the present study was to determine how the local area, the region inhabited by bee colonies during the beekeeping season (summer), affects regional efficiency, the foraging behaviour of colony worker bees, colony survivability, and the content of certain heavy metals in honey. Bee colonies from the same genetic source in different regions demonstrated significant variation (P<0.001) in behaviour and performance. Initially, the number of forager worker bees exiting and entering the hive was approximately the same in all regions. However, over time a significant difference (P<0.001) emerged between regions. Varying regional conditions caused considerable differences (P<0.001) in the average honey yields of colonies (between 28.60±3.27 and 0.571±2.76 kg/colony). Significant differences (P<0.01) in the amount of wax produced were also observed between regions. These regional differences were further reflected in concentrations of certain heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Co) in honey samples. Consequently, it can be said that environmental effects were determined to be the most important reason for the differences in all phenotypes, such as behaviour, honey yield and heavy metal concentrations in honey. On the other hand, it also seen that although these analysis results are in low levels of heavy metals, it has unfolded the risks of environmental pollution to honeybee population. Therefore, colonies are only productive when provided with appropriate environments or conditions.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P125. BISPHENOL A LEADS TO NECROPTOSIS IN SH-SY5Y NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS Beyza AYAZGÖK1*, Tuba Tüylü KÜÇÜKKILINÇ1 1Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biochemistry *[email protected]

Bisphenol-A is a entensively used phenolic chemical in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. BPA could strip from water pipes, food and beverage containers, eyeglasses lenses, dental monomers. In this way general population is continually and unavoidably exposed to BPA from several sources. We have previously reported that low dose BPA induce cell death in SH-SY5Ycells. In this study we aimed to examine necroptotic effects of BPA in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were seeded at 300.000 cells per well in 6-well plates and cultured in DMEM at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with 1 nM of BPA and 50 µM Necrostain 1(RIPK1 inhibitor) dissolved in DMSO. After 48 hours, samples were pooled then washed with PBS. A 100 μL aliquot of cells from each sample was centrifuged at 12000 g, +4 ºC for 2 minutes and resuspended in 100 μL annexin binding buffer added to 5 μL Annexin V. Then, samples were centrifuged and resuspended again in 100 μL of the same buffer and added with 1 μL PI at room temperature protected from light and analysed at Tali® Image-Based Cytometer. Our results suggest that 1 nM BPA leads to necrosis in SH-SY5Y cells at 48 hours. Necrostatin-1 is also used to indicate whether BPA induced necrosis in neuroblastoma cells is programmed. Treatment with Nec-1 significantly switched necrotic cell death to apoptotis. Consequently BPA induces RIPK-1 dependent necroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells and has a important role in the initiation of necrosis.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P126. ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: A HISTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Baris BAYKAL1, Enis MACİT2* 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (COP) is a major public health problem and it remains as one of the most common causes of poisoning in the United States. When inhaled, CO forms a tight complex with hemoglobin (Hb) known as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). The presence of COHb in the blood decreases the oxygen carrying capacity, resulting in tissue hypoxia. The aim of this review is to present the histological changes in various tissues that occur due to COP. Literature knowledge regarding COP is compiled. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) mainly affects nervous system and the myocardium. ACMP causes early and delayed effects on the nervous system. As early effects, infarction can occur in the brain due to hypoxia. Death occurs in both neurons and glial cells of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus in acute and delayed periods. Myocardial apoptosis is observed in rats with COP. Also, renal failure may occur due to rhabdomyolysis and hypoxia. ACMP causes various effects on mainly nervous system. It has been reported that despite increasing survival ratios of ACMP patients, hyperbaric oxygen treatment can not prevent delayed effects and sequel of ACMP. Treatment strategies in ACMP is still primitive. New methods have to be developed for replacing the lost components of tissues during and after ACMP. Thus, knowing what does and does not occur in tissues because of ACMP can be a key for determining the reason and treatment.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P127. HERBAL AND OVER THE COUNTER MEDICINE USE OF ELDERLY PATIENTS IN SURGICAL WARDS Esra DEMIRARSLAN1 1Kastamonu University Fazil Boyner Health Nursing Department, 37100 Kastamonu Turkey *[email protected]

A descriptive research was conducted for determination of knowledge and practices of medication use of elderly patients hospitalized in surgical clinics. The sample consisted of 128 patients over 60 years old, hospitalized at Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Neurosurgery, General Surgery, Thoraco/Cardio/Vascular Surgery and Urology departments. Methods: For data collection, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher based on the literature was used. The data was collected by the researcher at two stages with face-to-face and telephone interviews. For evaluation of the data, percentages, McNemar and Cohran Q tests were used. Results: The frequency of visits to the physicans/medical facilities were 1.8±1.7 times per year. Mean prescription rate per year from those visits was 16.4±1.8. Rate of use of over the counter medicines was 22.7%, use of herbal medicines was 25% and irregular use of medicines was 16.4%. Within the participiants that had not been using medicines regularly (16.4%); the most common reason for not using medicines regularly was “problems experienced because of medicines” (38.7%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study; the characteristics which could be the reasons of unrational drug use were seen about quarter of elder participiants.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P128. POISON TREATMENT Büşra CUMHUR1 1Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Biology 06590 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

This article is to discuss therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin in medical fields. Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin which is produced by the gram (+) anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium botulinum). It was first discovered as the cause of systemic food poisoning (botulism) in the late 19th century. Botulinum is the most acutely lethal toxin known, with an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg intravenously or intramuscularly and 10–13 ng/kg when inhaled. Some food products such as honey can contain amounts of the bacteria. Botulism is nevertheless known to be transmitted through canned foods not cooked correctly before canning or after can opening, and so is preventable. Botulinum toxin has 7 subgroups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). Nowadays A and B types are used in treatment. In December 1989 type A toxin was giving the license and approved by the Food and Drug administration and it has started being used widely to treat blepharospasm and strabismus. In December 2000 A and B types were approved to be used to treat cervical dystonia. As the effect of (efficacy) botulinum toxin was recognized by clinicians researches about it's therapeutic effects have been made widely an as for now it's used in a wide range of medical cases varying from smooth muscle diseases (gastrointestinal and genitourinary), different types at skeleton muscle diseases to cosmetics to treat wrinkles the cause of aging.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P129. ACRYLAMIDE: THE ISSUE OF FOOD SAFETY Ekrem MUTLU1, Senem YETGIN2* 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey 2Kastamonu University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Food Engineering

Acrylamide, CH2=CH-CONH2 (Mol. Wt. 71.08 g/mol), is a well-known synthetic polymer used in the production of poly (acrylamide). It is a white crystalline solid, odorless, has low vapor pressure and melting point of about 85oC. It is extensively used in certain industrial processes such as making paper, dyes, and plastics, and in treating drinking water and wastewater. However, acrylamide is a potentially toxic and cancer-causing substance naturally present in uncooked food and produced when starch-rich foods are cooked at high temperatures. It is a natural by-product of the cooking process which include baking, frying, grilling and toasting especially at temperatures over 120oC. There is an outcry from international communities to determine if acrylamide has harmful human health effects and suggest potential measures to put in place to regulate its use.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P130. CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF THE FOOD: CURRENT POINT OF VIEW Filiz Ekim ÇEVIK1*, Hüseyin ÇAKAN1 1Istanbul University Institute of Forensic Sciences

Nutrition and healthy living that are the people’s basic needs are possible with food safety. Food safety means all measures taken to eliminate the possible physical, chemical, biological and any kind of harms that the food might have. In the concept of food safety, “Case of being harmful to human health” is of great importance. Food consumed without any processing has several chemicals including food contaminants. Processed foods (ready-made foods), on the other hand, contain additive in addition to these groups. Dioxin and similar compounds are significant environment and food pollutants with high risk of exposure. Some of these chemical pollutants in the foods, such as organic chloride compounds, pesticides are the chemicals that entered into our lives within the last 70 years. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to analyze the chemicals within the foods currently with the forensic science perspective.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P131. CHEMICAL RISK FACTORS AT THE FORENSIC LABORATORIES: APPROACH WITH REGARD TO WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY Filiz Ekim ÇEVIK1*, Esma Cansu ÇEVIK2, Halim IŞSEVER3 1Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences 2Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine 3Istanbul University, Department of Public Health (Istanbul Medical Faculty)

Work accidents and occupational diseases caused by intense mechanization and hundreds of chemicals used in production upon industrialization have become important problems of our age. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health not only as lack of illness and disability, but also a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. In this regard, the concept of “work health” has to be understood from a wide framework. The concept of work health and safety is a dynamic concept. It constantly changes depending on the working conditions as well as all situations and risks covering the individuals’ health and safety. Work health and safety has become a field of study for medicine, technique and the other scientific branches. Because technological development is continuous, new work branches, chemicals, machines and equipment that get involved in the fields of work day by day require studying this issue constantly, searching for the new problems encountered with the new technology and trying to solve these problems. To the extent that the international rules are completely applied, human health and environment can be protected against the harmful effects of the chemicals. This approach that is called risk management of harmful chemicals is the only option in the smart use of the chemicals. In this study, it was aimed to make an evaluation on the risks and proactive approach.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P132. THE EFFECT OF VARIABLE QUANTITIES SEED POWDER OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA ON TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM REPRODUCTION Özge ŞAHIN1*, Neslihan ÜNAL2 1Ankara University Agricultural Faculty Department of Biometry and Genetics, 06110 Dışkapı ANKARA/TURKEY 2Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences Department of Forensic Biology, Cebeci Research and Application Hospital, 06590 Dikimevi ANKARA/TURKEY

In order to agricultural health, many species of plants can be used on controlling insects and keeping of the stored foods safely. One of these plants is Azadirachta indica. It has an effect on nutrition, ovulation prevention and doing toxic effect for numerous pests. Therefore, it can be used for fighting agricultural pests. On the other hand, Tribolium castaneum is known to damage to the stored products and dry foods. Because of having short life cycle and ability of leaving a lot of eggs of a female, it is one of the important pest. It was aimed to find the effect of variable seed powder of A. indica on T. castaneum reproduction in this study. Three different mediums were prepared for reproduction of T. castaneum insects in the study. None of the seed powder of A. indica plant was used in the first medium. However, in the other two mediums, the seed powder of A. indica was used for 10% and 40% ratios respectively. After three weeks the larvae which were in the mediums were counted. According to obtained results 211 larvae were in the medium where the seed powder of A. indica wasn’t applied in, 127 larvae were in the medium where the seed powder of A. indica was 10% and 100 larvae were in the medium where the seed powder of A. indica was 40% respectively. These results showed the effect of variable quantities seed powder of A. indica on T. castaneum reproduction.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P133. SARIN AS A CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT AND ITS’ CULTURAL IMPACTS Filiz Ekim ÇEVIK1, Zeynep TÜRKMEN1*, Dursun KIRBAŞ1 1Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences

Chemicals that are found in solid, liquid or gas form and harm the living creatures due to its chemical properties are called chemical warfare agents. Chemical warfare agents are the chemicals with high toxicity potential that are used for the purposes of killing, incapacitating through injuring, deactivating with the capacity disrupting effect, destroying the vegetal and animal sources of food, contaminating food stocks and leading to panic in several environments. When classified according to their toxic effects, nerve agents disrupt the functioning of the nervous system and leave impacts on the skeletal muscles, sensitive organs and nervous system. These agents are the compounds containing organophosphate groups affecting acetylcholinesterase. Sarin is also one of the gases within nerve gases group. In this study, mechanism of sarin gas, methods of protection against it and its cultural impacts shall be addressed.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P134. CONTROLLED RELEASE OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE FROM BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES Seçil AKGÜL1*, Ebru KONDOLOT SOLAK2 1Gazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Advanced Technologies, Ankara, Turkey 2Gazi University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Ankara, Turkey

Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) is a non-steroidal anti-infammatory drug. The plasma half-life of KT has been reported to be around 4–6 h, and it is a relatively favorable therapeutic agent for the management of moderate to severe pain. The maximum duration of treatment should not exceed five days for tablets, or two days for continuous daily dosing with intravenous or intramuscular formulations. For this reason, it is important to obtain prolonged or controlled drug delivery, to improve bioavailability or stability and to target the drug to the specific site. In this study microspheres of poy(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were prepared to encapsulate KT drug. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method using a mixture of water/oil. Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) was used as crosslinking agent. Microspheres were also characterized by equilibrium swelling values and release profiles. Equilibrium swelling experiments indicated that the swelling of the spheres decreased with an increase in crosslinking time. The release studies were carried out at pH 7.4.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P135. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORENSIC PHARMACOLOGY- GENETICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY Filiz Ekim ÇEVIK1*, Esma Cansu ÇEVIK1, Selda MERCAN1, Faruk AŞICIOĞLU1 1Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences

Forensic pharmacology is defined as a multidisciplinary field, which requires obtaining knowledge in not only in pharmacology, but also in he legal aspects, which therefore covers a wide area and where a different knowledge is required. On the other hand, the field that analyzes the changes in the reactions of the people to the drugs due to the variations in their genetic structure is called pharmacogenetics. In a general definition, these polymorphisms associated with the variability in the reactions to the drug can be divided into two as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. When pharmacokinetics changes, course of the drug within the body changes. This genetic difference in the enzymes playing role in elimination and/or metabolism of the drug is important. Thus, when these enzymes are much, the drug will be metabolized rapidly and if the concerned drug is not prodrug, then its period of effect or effect will reduce. This way, differences among the persons having the same drug will arise. Thanks to pharmacogenetic researches, in the light of the illnesses and information on the genes, it will be possible to create drugs treating illnesses. In addition to these, one of the new elements brought along by nanotechnology is the nanostructures that were developed to achieve the cell-specific gene transfer for improving specificity of the treatment. These researches not only will maximize the effects of treatment, but also will reduce the possibility of damage to the healthy cells. This research we conducted will address different examples in this field.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P136. CONTROLLED RELEASE OF THEOPHYLLINE FROM BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES Nurcan ÇIÇEK KIRKAYAK1*, Ebru KONDOLOT SOLAK2 1Gazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Advanced Technologies, Ankara, Turkey 2Gazi University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Ankara, Turkey

Theophylline (TF) is a famous drug for its anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effect and it is used for obstructive respiratory disorders and asthma as bronchodilator. Since it has narrow therapeutic range, its usage remains in resticted dose range. This makes the controlled release of theophylline more advantageous. In this study microspheres of poy(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were prepared to encapsulate TF drug. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method using a mixture of water/oil. Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) was used as crosslinking agent. Microspheres were also characterized by equilibrium swelling values and release profiles. Equilibrium swelling experiments indicated that the swelling of the spheres decreased with an increase in crosslinking time. The release studies were carried out at pH 7.4.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P137. DEVELOPMENT OF AN HPTLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PATULIN Ömer KURADA1*, Zeynep TÜRKMEN1, Tarkan BARUT1, Selda MERCAN1, Münevver AÇIKKOL1 Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, 34089, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye *[email protected]

Mycotoxin contamination in foods is one of the most important and unavoidable issue for consumers and food industry. Patulin (PAT) is a toxic metabolite produced by certain fungi species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys. It can be found in many moldy fruits, vegetables, cereals and their puree. PAT is formed and transferred via these food sources to human body due to the difficulties experienced during the processing of food. PAT is known as mutagenic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and can cause adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the amount of daily intake has a high importance especially for infants and children. It is essential to protect infants via controlling and monitoring levels of PAT in nutrition sources. Codex Alimentarius and FDA set maximum allowable levels for concentrations of PAT as "10 μg/kg in fruit juice or puree etc". This study is highlighting a High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for determination and quantitation of PAT in infant nutrition. Preliminary results of HPTLC method will be presented. Reference standard of Patulin was diluted between 1-100 ng/µL for linearity study. Mobile phase was chosen as Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:1). Injection volume was 1 µL. Injector washing cycle was set at three to prevent carry over. Detection was done by 254 and 274 nm for comparison of the PAT under common and specific wavelength. In this study, linearity of PAT was evaluated with two different ranges; 1-10 ng/spot and 10- 100 ng/spot. Correlation coefficients in linear regression mode were ≥0.997 and 0,986 with standard deviation 3,42% and 7,94% respectively. The Rf value was found 0.55±0.04. After the optimization and validation of this presented method, convenience foods for infants such as fruit juice, puree will be extracted and analyzed to determine PAT by this method, and daily intake limits will be calculated according to the results. Thus, data obtained will show the possible presence of PAT as a carcinogenic substance in infant food products.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P138. METAL ACCUMULATION IN SEDIMENT IN THE ALBANIAN PART OF LAKE OHRID Enis DALO1,2*, Rigerta SADIKAJ1, Hazbije SAHITI2, Linda GRAPCI-KOTÉORI2 1Univesity of Tirana Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Biotechnology Bulevardi "Zogu i Parë" Tirana Republic of Albania 2University of Prishtina Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Department of Biology Rr. "Nëna Terezë" p.n. Prishtina Republic of Kosovo *[email protected]

Lake Ohrid shows heavy metal pollution near the sites of the old mines outside Pogradec and this may be a risk to the creatures living in this part of the lake. In this study, it was aimed to investigate of some heavy metals (Cr and Ni) concentration in sediment in the Albanian part of Lake Ohrid and to compare the three sampling points in the aspect of metal accumulation. Three different stations were chosen as sampling points: entry of Pogradec town, former factory of ferro nickel and Lin village. Samples were taken in autumn 2014 and were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The average concentrations of these elements were determined. In all stations there were accumulation of Cr and Ni in sediment and the highest values of two metals (Cr 78.3 ± 26.7 mg/kg, Ni 109.9 ± 26.6 mg/kg) were observed in former factory of ferro nickel point. With this study we came to conclusion that in this lake has the heavy metal pollution based on the accumulation of metals in sediment and the part of lake where was factory of ferro nickel was the most polluted point.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P139. TOXICITY TESTING APPLIED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT Gökçe Didar DEĞERMENCI1 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Environmental Engineering, 37200, Kastamonu *[email protected]

Population growth and increasing water consumption result in problems related to water throughout the world. Therefore, the number of the studies on the re-use of purified water and meeting the discharge limits has recently increased. While the purified industrial and domestic wastewaters are being discharged into the receiving environment, they should not contain micro-pollutants such as drugs, pesticides and especially chemicals leading to endocrine disorders and discharge limits should be met. These micro-pollutants lead to disruptions in the ecology of the aquatic and terrestrial environment. In recent years, toxicity tests have been implemented and bio-monitoring has been performed in order to determine the pollution parameters. The main aims of the toxicity tests are to determine harmless concentrations on the living creatures and to detect the quality of the surface waters or the level of toxicity of the pollution discharged. The studies aiming at determining the toxic effects of waste waters are conducted in consideration of their short-term and long-term effects on the freshwater (Selenastrum capricornutum) and saltwater (Artemia salina) algae, invertebrates (Dapnia magna) and fish (Mysidopsis bahia) so as to obtain results swiftly and to achieve favourable operating costs. Acute toxicity is the toxic substance dose (LD50) or concentration (LC50) needed for killing at least 50% of the experiment organisms or the median effective concentration (EC50) sufficient for immobilizing them. Such test kits as Microtox, Biotox, Lumistox and Toxalert and respirometric measurements are also commonly used. European Union countries discharge their domestic and industrial wastewaters into the receiving environment in line with the toxicity limit values in order to protect their existing resources. In our country, toxicity measurement limit values should be added to the discharge limits.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P140. IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS, TOXIC EFFECTS CAUSED BY BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS Fatih ÖZTÜRK1*, Zeliha KAYAALTI1 1Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye *[email protected]

Thalassemia is hereditary blood disease passed from parents to children through the genes. Unbalanced globin chain synthesis is the major cause of low level hemoglobin production leading to anemia. Main cause of the beta thalassemias is defective β-globin synthesis, which leads to imbalanced globin chain production and an excess of α-chains. The accumulation of iron in the tissues of thalassemi patients there are two main reasons. The first; Performed blood transfusions on a regular basis due to ineffective erythropoiesis, is triggered as a consequence of intestinal iron absorption. The treatment administered to patients with thalassemia every 2-4 weeks 1-3 unit red cell transfusion is done on a regular basis. Another source of iron is free iron ions in the blood Which are transfer from donor to the patient. Approximately 15-20 mg per day accumulates iron in the tissues as a result of transfusion. The second; the iron passes free statu after destruction of hemoglobin. The main reason of iron toxicity redox reactions is catalyzed. Normal cellular reactions that occur result of reactive oxygen intermediates, superoxide (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is oxidative stress in the body, if not removed from the body. Oxygen intermediates can be converted into oxygen radicals which arise cellular injury with iron-dependent Fenton reaction. "In this study, thalassemia patients referred to increased toxicity of iron in the blood as a result of blood transfusions.

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), SBAG-114S312 Research Fund.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P141. OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCING EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID IN KIDNEYS OF MICE AND POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF TAURINE AND COENZYME Q10 Burcu ÜNLÜ ENDIRLIK1,2*, Ayse EKEN1, Elçin ÖZGER1, Aylin GÜRBAY2 1Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey 2Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey

PFOA is an important environmental contaminant that is detected in serum samples of human and liver of numerous animals in many countries. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible oxidative stress inducing effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in kidney tissues of mice. Administration of 15 or 30 mg/kg, ig, PFOA to mice for 10 days caused a significant (p≤ 0.02) decrease in kidney tissue weights of animals. Both concentrations of PFOA significantly (p≤ 0.02) increased MDA, and decreased (p≤ 0.02) total glutathione levels. Activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and Cu-Zn- superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD) increased following administration of 15 or 30 mg/kg PFOA. Pretreatment of mice with taurine or coenzyme Q10 did not provide a protection against oxidative stress inducing effects of PFOA. However, catalase activities were decreased significantly in taurine and coenzyme Q10 pretreated animals following 30 mg/kg PFOA administration. In addition, GPx and Cu-Zn-SOD activities were increased only in coenzyme Q10 pretreated animals. These results suggest that PFOA treatment introduces an oxidative stress in kidney tissues of mice.

This study was supported by Hacettepe University Research Foundation (013 D05 301 001).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P142. RAPID AND SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF Hg (II) IN ORNAMENTAL PLANT CHLOROPHYTUM COMOSUM USING POLAROGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE Ummihan Taskoparan YİLMAZ*1, Goknur Ozdemir KUM2, Saliha Alan AKMAN2, Hasim YİLMAZ1 1Gazi University, Polatlı Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 06900 Polatlı, Ankara, Turkey 2Nevsehir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 50300 Nevsehir/Turkey

The objective of this study was to describe a new and simple method for the determination of mercury II ions (Hg II) so that it can be used in various routine analyses. A differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method has been used for the indirect determination of Hg (II). With a known amount of cyanuric acid (CA) in polarography cell (BR buffer, pH 10.5) was added an unknown Hg (II) sample and the Hg (II) concentration is calculated simply from the decrease in the CA peak after reaction with Hg (II). The linear concentration range was between 20 µM and 120 µM and limit of detection was calculated to be 6.7 µM. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Hg (II) in the dried leave samples belong to C. comosum plant that watered with Hg (II) solution. The method was extended to the indirect determination of mercury II in C. comosum plant and results were in agreement with that obtained by a spectrometric comparison method (ICP-MS). The influences of some other commonly found inorganic and organic salts on the developed method for the determination of the trace Hg (II) ions were also investigated. The sufficiently good recoveries and low standard deviations of the data reflect the high accuracy and precision of the proposed differential pulse polarographic method.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P143. LIPEMIA INTERFERENCE ON ETHANOL ASSAY Özlem DOĞAN1*, Metin GENÇ1, Zihni KARAEREN2, Berrin Imge ERGÜDER1, Aslıhan AVCI1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry 2Ankara University, Ibni Sina Hospital, Central Laboratory

Lipemic specimens are common and frequent, but yet unresolved problem in clinical chemistry, and may produce significant interferences in the analytical results of different biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of lipid on ethanol assay. In this study, ethanol calibrator (92.7mg/dL) was used to prepare 10 and 40 mg/dL concentration ethanol containing samples. 10 ethanol-free normal patients’ serum were pooled and used for providing similar matrix. Lipemic samples were prepared by adding 5 levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/Dl) intralipid (%20) (Baxter, Deerfield, IL). The analytes were then measured on Siemens Advia 2400 and the change of the analyte concentrations was compared with baseline samples. It has been shown to vary that about 10 mg/dL ethanol at 5 lipemia levels 10.4, 10.7, 9.2, 9.3, 8,2 respectively. (according to the first reading percent differences are 3.88, -11.6, -10.6, - 21.2 respectively). It has been shown to vary that about 40 mg/dL ethanol at 5 lipemia levels 41.3, 41.9, 40.3, 39.9, 39.1 respectively (according to the first reading percent differences are 1.45, -2,43, -3.4, -5.4 respectively). Most methodologies used on the oto-analyzer appeared to be subject to statistically significant interference from lipemia when evaluated by standard statistical methods, but these do not consider the analytical imprecision of assays. The higher percentage change in the low concentration of ethanol, may be associated with the analytical sensitivity. This study has useful information on ethanol interference by lipemia but it should be noted that the in vitro results may not completely support what would happen in vivo. Lipemic samples should be carefully considered for medico-legal cases.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P144. URINE NICKEL CONCENTRATIONS OF NICKEL-SENSITIVE PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN TURKEY Selda MERCAN1*, Ugur CELIK2, Hayriye ERTEM VEHID3, Burhan ENGIN2, Sevcan SEMEN1, Zeynep TURKMEN1, Munevver ACIKKOL1 1Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Toxicology Laboratories, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey 2Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey 3Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

Nickel is a potential carcinogenic and very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Human are exposed to nickel primarily via inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption. The most encountered nickel exposure sources for general population are foods, cigarette, jewellery, cosmetics, metal coins, etc. Low concentrated nickel-plated objects may cause chronic accumulation in the body as a result of recurrent contacts. On the other hand, urine is the best indicator of chronic accumulation as an evidence for the exposure to nickel. To the best of our knowledge, in our country, there hasn’t been a reported study about the urinary nickel concentrations of nickel sensitized individuals compared in non-sensitive individuals yet. The aim of this study was to compare the nickel concentration in urine of patients whose nickel-sensitivity was dermatologically proven, with non-sensitive group. Nickel patch test was applied to 388 (61.6% of men) volunteer in dermatology policlinics of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. Test results were positive in 92 (23,7%) participants. Urine samples were also collected from all participants and nickel concentrations were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentrations of nickel-sensitive and non sensitive people were found 4.48 and 4.26 µg/g creatinine respectively. Although a significant difference was not found between two groups according to nickel concentration in urine (p=0.068), results showed that nickel-sensitive people have higher concentration of nickel in urine than other group as related studies reported in other countries. This is the first comparative study evaluating the relationship between urine nickel concentration and nickel sensitivity in Turkey.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P145. TOXIC EFFECTS OF DICHLORVOS ON GALLERIA MELLONELLA LARVAE Mustafa COŞKUN1*, Tamer KAYIŞ1, Osman DURSUN2, Iskender EMRE2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science -Literature, Adıyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science -Literature, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

Organophosphate insecticides like a Dichlorvos are widely used for the control of agricultural, industrial, and domestic pests. Nontarget organisms, including humans, are exposed to toxic concentrations of organophosphates primarily through food, drinks, and inhalation that can result in neurologic and behavioral disorders, genotoxic and oxidative damage and loss of ion homeostasis. This study aims to determine the physiological, biochemical and toxic effects of DDVP on model organism, G. mellonella. Fourth instar of G. mellonella larvae were fed sublethal DDVP concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/100 g feed) until the last instar stage. Protein and MDA content, antioxidant enzymes activities and ion levels were measured. SOD and CAT activity significantly increased in all DDVP concentrations compared to control The MDA level was not significantly affected by low DDVP concentrations (2 mg DDVP/100 g feed) but significantly increased at higher concentrations of DDVP, respectively 3.292, 7.898, and 10.031 nmol/mg protein. Sodium ion levels significantly decreased at all DDVP concentrations compared with controls. The potassium ion level significantly increased in high DDVP concentrations. Exposure to DDVP resulted in induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation in larvae. Potassium and sodium ion levels were significantly altered by DDVP exposure. These results suggest that DDVP causes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and alters the antioxidant enzyme activities and ion balance in G. mellonella larvae.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P146. MAD HONEY INTOXICATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Sibel SILICI1 1Erciyes University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kayseri, Turkiye

Mad honey, produced by honeybees from the nectars of Rhododendron flowers, is widely used in indigenous medicine, especially in the treatment of hypertension and sexual dysfunction. However, the consumption of this honey can result in intoxication soon after. The diagnosis of honey poisoning and a full understanding of its treatment is important for both effective and immediate treatment, and also for the prevention of unnecessary costs. Upon the evaluation of approximately 34 years of case reports between 1981 and 2014, it was found that the cases of poisoning were more frequently reported in males and between the ages 41 to 65. It was found that no deaths were reported. The cases were evaluated and the following results were obtained: a) Mad honey is consumed more by middle age men, b) main complaints of those who consume mad honey are dizziness, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting and presyncope, c) The most important parameters in clinical diagnosis are low pulse rates and drop in blood pressure. After determining that mad honey was consumed by a patient, further tests could not be needed, d) consuming 1-5 table spoons of mad honey usually causes intoxication, e) treatment of 0.5-1 mg atropine and salin i.v. is generally effective.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P147.DIMETHOATE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN RAT BRAIN AND THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF LAUROCERASUS OFFICINALIS ROEM. (CHERRY LAUREL) FRUIT EXTRACT Ayşe EKEN1, Elçin ÖZGER1*, Burcu ÜNLÜ-ENDIRLIK1, Ayşe BALDEMIR2, Arzu Hanım YAY3, Fazile CANTÜRK3, Yusuf CANER3 1Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Kayseri, Turkey 2Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Kayseri, Turkey 3Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Kayseri, Turkey * [email protected]

Dimethoate is one of the most important organophosphate insecticide and causes oxidative stress. Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) fruit contains various bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dimethoate on oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation in rat brain and the ameliorative effects of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (cherry laurel) fruit extract. Therefore, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), comet assay and TUNEL for DNA damage index, and histologic examination were evaluated in rat brain. Treatment with dimethoate caused an increase in MDA, DNA damage and a decrease in enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GPx as compared to control group. Administration of L. officinalis to dimethoate-treated groups provided a reduction in oxidative stress status and DNA damage compared to the only dimethoate-treated group. Our results showed that treatment with L. officinalis fruit extract repaired the toxicity of brain induced by dimethoate.

This research was financially supported by Research Fund of the Erciyes University Scientific Research Project Unit (Project number: TCD-2013-4127).

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P148. ASSESSMENT TYPES OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS IN NARCOTIC CASES WHICH ASSESSED BY COUNCIL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE BETWEEN 2011- 2013 Ersin GÖL1*, Ismet ÇOK2 1Ankara Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine 2Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara

Synthetic cannabinoids (SC), mimicking cannabis-like effects, are the largest and fastest growing class of newly appearing designer drugs. Reports indicate that various types of synthetic cannabinoids mixed with herbal substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate cases of herbal substances which contain SC in Ankara and nearby cities in Turkey. Data were collected from the reports of SC that were analyzed between January 01, 2011 and December 31, 2013 in the Ankara Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine at the request of the judicial authorities. A total of 2618 narcotic reports were obtained and reviewed. Among these narcotic reports during the period, 127 reports were related with SC. Thirteen compounds could be identified in herbals, namely AB-FUBINACA, AKB48, AM2201, JWH122, JWH018, JWH022, JWH210, JWH250, MAM2201, RCS4, UR144, XLR11, 5-FLUORO-AKB48. Amounts of herbals were 30,72 g, 329,22 g and 665,89 g in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Generally, herbals contained more than one SC. But AM2201 was the most common SC amongst the herbals in this study which was 196,03 g except multi-SC herbals. The amount and diversity of SC compounds have increased dramatically between 2011-2013. Acording to our files, consumption of SC has decreased in recent years due to SC based deads. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the identification of these compounds in herbals.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P149. MYCOTOXIN DETECTION AND FOOD SAFETY Aysun METE1, Esin ORHAN1, Kamuran AYHAN1* 1Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, TR 06110 Ankara, Turkey

Mycotoxins are toxic natural secondary metabolites of certain fungi belonging mainly to the Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera, that are one of the most serious food safety problems, contaminating a wide range of agricultural commodities. Several mycotoxins have been identified and reported in contaminated agro-foodproducts are aflatoxins (AFs) which are classified as Group1 carcinogens consisting of B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA - Group 2B carcinogens), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB), zearalenone (ZEN) and patulin. Furthermore, fungal and mycotoxin contaminations are expected to rise in the next years due to global changes of environment and climate. Mycotoxin toxicity in foodstuff can occur at very low concentrations necessitating early availability of sensitive and reliable methods for their detection until it reaches the consumer is important for assessing food related health risks. There are several analytical methods for detection of mycotoxins include based on HPLC and LC-MS/MS. In recent advances in mycotoxin analysis are highligting on electrochemical biosensors, Nanotechnological concepts and ELISA techniques, Immuno assay-based kits, Microarray-based immunoassays give as promising tools to replace conventional expensive chromatographic techniques for assuring food safety and consumers’ health protection.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P150. THE ASSOCATION BETWEEN THIOL DISULPHIDE HOMEOSTASIS AND COBALAMIN Murat ALIŞIK1*, Salim NEŞELİOĞLU1, Cemil NURAL1, Betül ÖZBEK1, Özcan EREL1 1Clinical Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) has a role in protein and DNA synthesis. Cobalamin deficiency causes many pathologies such as neuropathy and pancytopenia. Thiol groups plays important roles in many biologic processes including myeloprolipheration, cell proliferation, formation of tertiary structure of protein, and anti-oxidation by formation functional or structural disulphide bonds. This study was aimed to investigate relationship between cobalamin levels and thiol-disulphides homeostasis. Test results of 201 patiens who applied at 02.2015-08.2015 have eveluated. It was investigated the relationship between cobalamin-homocysteine levels and thiol-disulphide homeostasis. The study was splitted into two groups as low cobalamin with high homocysteine levels (group 1) and normal cobalamin values with normal homocysteine values (group 2). Negative significant correlation was found between homocysteine levels and native and total thiol levels (r=-0.263; r=-0.252; p<0.001, respectively). In group 1, native and total thiol levels was significantly lower than the group 2(p=0.011, p=0.009, respectively). There was no significance between group 1 and 2 at disulphide levels, disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios. In group 1 there was no difference in disulphide side while serum native and total thiol levels was lower than group 2. Results were showed that cobalamin effects thiol side of the thiol disulphide homeostasis. It thought that decrease of thiol levels based on decreased protein synthesis in cobalamin deficiency, despite increased homocysteine levels in cobalamin deficiency. Decreased serum thiol level causes decreasing antioxidane capacity and it may be a point at the neurodegeneration in cobalamine deficiency. This results suggest that thiol sources replacement with cobalamine may be beneficial.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P151. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THIOUREA DIOXIDE ON INTESTINE TISSUE OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) Cansu AKBULUT1, Büşra FİDAN1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Nazan Deniz YÖN1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Sakarya, Turkey 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey

Investigation the histopathological effects of thiourea dioxide on intestine tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Thioureadioxide is an organosulfur compound which is a strong reducing agent. It is generally used as decolorisation agent, bleach in textile industry. In the other industrial fields such as leather processing, photographic, paper, pulp and board industry it has a wide range of use. Industrial waste products have been contaminated aquatic environment day after day. After one-week adaptation period zebrafish divided into three group (n=10) as one control and 2 experimental groups (3mM, 4.5mM). For investigating the effects of thiourea dioxide, intestine tissues were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. Tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin (H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal intestine histology have been observed. In 3 mM thiourea dioxide exposed group, hypertrophy and edema at muscularis externa, degeneration and necrosis at villi structure, deterioration and vacuolization at lamina propria and increase in the number of goblet cells were observed. In 4.5 mM thiourea dioxide exposed group, severe edema and hemorrhage in muscularis externa, degeneration at villi structure and vacuolization at mucosa layer were monitored.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P152. INVESTIGATION OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ZINC PYRITHIONE ON OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (L., 1758) Gülten GÜN1, Ramazan MERT2* 1Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University Institute of Science and Technology, Nevsehir, TURKEY 2Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Nevsehir, TURKEY

Zinc pyrithione (2-mercapto pyridine-N-oxide zinc salt), which has been used in cosmetic consumer products including anti-dandruff shampoos in many countries for years, and more recently incorporated in antifouling paints for large boats and ships due to the ban on tributyltin. However, the toxicity of Zinc Pyrithione (ZnPT) remains uncertain. In this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758) fingerlings exposed to 1/24 (2.5 μg/L) and 1/12 (5 μg/L) of the 96 hour LC50 value of ZnPT effects were investigated histopatologically. Results of histological examination, showed no histopatological findings in the gonad, heart, kidney, muscle, spleen and intestine tissues after subletal ZnPT exposure, however epithelial lifting, edema, telangiectasia and hyperplasia in gill tisue; passive hyperemia, hydropic degeneration, lymphocyte infiltration and fatty degeneration in liver; hyperemia in skin tissues and excessive bile accumulation in gall bladder were determined. These histopathological findings have been shown to increase depending on the concentration of the ZnPT.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P153. USAGE OF BIOTOXINS AS ANALGESIC Ender YARSAN1, İbrahim AKTAŞ1* 1Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara-Turkey

Pain has been defined by The International Association for the Study of Pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage". Narcotic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for analgesic purpose. On the other hand, biotoxins are important compounds in the alternative medicine. Nowadays, many scientific studies are made on alternative treatment options. Toxins are animal weapons for hunting and obtaining food. Introducing of toxin composition via the chromatographic, spectroscopic, fluorometric etc methods and obtaining them purely; will provide new options for treatment of nerve diseases particularly pain and other tissue disorders. In this study, animal originated biotoxin analgesics; such as, winkle, spider, scorpion, snake venoms and microorganism originated botulinum toxin were evaluated.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P154. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINITY IN VALPROIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS Gamze AVCİOGLU1,2*, Serpil ERDOGAN1, Ceylan BAL1,2, Orhan SEN1, Pervin BARAN1, Ozcan EREL1,2 1Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey 2Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey

According to ISO uncertainity is a parameter associated with the result of measurement that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. The aim of this study is to calculate measurement uncertainty of valproic acid by using internal quality control data and inter laboratory results to compare these calculated measurement uncertainties with total allowable error % (TEa %) value of CLIA'88. Between October 2015 and March 2016, the internal quality control datas were screened. The estimation of valproic acid measurement uncertainity was calculated according to ISO21748 guide. Inter laboratory comparison was executed to estimate bias. Valproic acid levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetric method on the Roche Cobas Integra 800 analyzer. Coefficient variations (CV) calculated from internal quality control analyses were 2.12, 2.46 and 3.01 at low, normal and high level of internal quality control sera values respectively. Total allowable error value of valproic acid was 9.94% and was not higher than desirable TEa% values of CLIA'88. Valproic acid is a widely-used first-generation antiepileptic drug, therapeutic range between 50-100 µg/mL, prescribed predominantly in migraine prophylaxis, epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Careful clinical monitoring should be performed during the first 6 months of therapy with valproic acid. For this purpose, using uncertainty value is a good practice to interpret of patient result. Laboratories should calculate measurement uncertainity and evaluate results according to spesific criterias.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P156. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY IN LITHIUM CONCENTRATIONS Betul OZBEK1,2*, Serpil ERDOGAN1, Ceylan BAL1,2, Orhan SEN1, Pervin BARAN1, Ozcan EREL1,2 1Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey 2Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey

Lithium is a mood-stabilizing agent used in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Uncertainty is a parameter associated with the results of a measurement, that characterizes the distribution of the values that could reasonably be caused from the measurand. The objective of this study is to calculate measurement uncertainty of lithium by using internal quality control data and inter-laboratory results to compare these calculated measurement uncertainties with total allowable error % (TEa %) value of CLIA'88 and RILIBAK. Internal quality control data were collected between March 2015 and February 2016. For the estimation of bias inter-laboratory comparison was carried out. Measurement uncertainty of lithium was calculated in accordance with ISO21748 guideline. Lithium levels were determined in Roche Cobas Integra 800 analyzer by colorimetric method. Internal quality control coefficient of variations (CV) were calculated 2.67 and 2.37 in low and high level internal quality control serums respectively. Total allowable error value of lithium was 10.05% and not higher than desirable TEa% values of CLIA'88 and RILIBAK. Lithium exhibits a narrow therapeutic window and its toxic concentrations (>1.5 mmol/L) are very near the upper threshold for effective therapy (up to 1.2 mmol/L). For this reason, uncertainty values play an important role in differentiation of patient’s state and medical care. Uncertainty of measurement system TEa% values are important for patient results and they should not exceed desirable values. Clinicians should be informed about uncertainty of drug to give proper medical care.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P157. EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY FOR CARBAMAZEPINE Almila ŞENAT1*, Serpil ERDOGAN2, Ceylan BAL1,2, Orhan SEN2, Pervin BARAN2, Ozcan EREL1,2 1 Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey 2 Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey

Uncertanty measurement is defined as “a parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand”. The objectiveness of this study, calculate measurement uncertainty of carbamazepine by using internal quality control data and inter laboratory results to compare these calculated measurement uncertainties with total allowable error % (TEa %) value of CLIA'88. In this study was done by the internal quality control datas form October 2015 to March 2016. The estimation of carbamazepine measurement uncertainity was calculated according to ISO21748 guide. Inter laboratory comparison was executed to estimate bias. Valproic acid levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetric method on the Roche Cobas Integra 800 analyzer. Coefficient variations (CV) calculated from internal quality control analyses were 3,81 and 4,79 at low and high level of internal quality control sera values respectively. Total allowable error value of valproic acid was 15,51% and was not higher than desirable TEa% values of CLIA'88. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant. It works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain. The therapeutic reference range of carbamazepine is 4-12 mg/L. Careful clinical monitoring should be performed during the therapy with carbamazepine. For this purpose, using uncertainty value is a good practice to interpret of patient result. Laboratories should calculate measurement uncertainity and evaluate results according to spesific criterias.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P158.COMPARISONS OF MIRTAZAPINE DETERMINATION METHODS WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Hatice ÖZCAN1*, Emrah DURAL2, Sinan SÜZEN3 1 Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2. Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sivas, Turkey 3 Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey

Mirtazapine (MIRT) is a tetracyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of patients with severe depression. Mirtazapine has a unique and specific effect on both the noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. In healthy individuals, MIRT is rapidly absorbed after a single oral dose, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 1 to 2.1 hours. The absolute bioavailability at steady state is approximately 50%. MIRT shows linear pharmacokinetics over a dose range of 15 to 80mg/day, elimination half life ranges from 20–40h. MIRT is extensively metabolized in the liver via demethylation and hydroxylation, followed by glucuronide conjugation. MIRT is not cause major toxicity but cases of severe effects (seizures, serotonin toxicity and coma) also have been reported. So, the development of a rapid and simple method for the determination of the MIRT in plasma is important in forensic toxicologic screening to identify and quantify a probable intoxication. Several chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of a MIRT in plasma. All the recent analysis was based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric, UV detection or gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus, electron capture, or mass spectrometric detection and more recently on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The purpose of this review is comparisons of HPLC methods of MIRT determination. Validation values of methods, which are linearity, extraction recoveries, accuracy, intra- and inter-day precision will be examined. Also, column types, run time, sample preparations and extraction procedures, mobile phase compositions, column temperatures, analysis wavelengths will be discussed as HPLC condition variables.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P159. EVALUATION OF NARCOTIC DRUGS ANALYSES IN EMERGENCY ROOM ATATURK TRAININNG AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL Ahmet Rıfat BALIK1*, Ceylan BAL1,2, Serpil ERDOGAn2, Orhan SEN2, Pervin BARAN2, Ozcan EREL1,2 1Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey 2Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey

Screnning of narcotic drugs is very important for patients with suspect clinical history who applying emergency room. In this study, we investigated people who applied to Ataturk Traning and Research Hospital emergery room and were analysed urine narcotic drugs tests according to age, gender and percentile distribution of positive drugs tests. Data of 474 patients were screened between the months of August 2015 and March 2016 our hospital automation system. Analysis was performed by immunoassay method at Nano- Ditech device. 10 different drugs or its metabolites were determined simultaneously and qualitative results. 474 patients including 321 men and 153 women were screened. Of all these patiens, 123 men (%38) and 57 women (%37) positive results were obtained. From the age range of 14-91 male patients and women in the age range 12-95. Amphetamine 1.9%, barbiturates 1.1%, benzodiazepines 3.4%, coke 4.6%, opiates 15.2%, phencyclidine 0.6%, tetrahydrocannabinoid 12%, tricyclicantidepressants 7.6%, methadone 1.7%, d-metilamfetamine 7.8% were positive in the patients. Abuse of addictive drug increasing day by day and leads to serious social problems. Discrimination of the addictive drug in the diagnosis of disease and death is important to provide accurate information for emergencies and forensictoxicology. Screnning of narcotic drugs is very crucial for patients with suspect clinical history who applying emergency room.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P160. INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE TOXIXOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF STEVIA IN LIVER TISSUE OF RATS Ebru GÜRLEYİK1*, Tülin ÖZKAN2, Sibel KILIÇOĞLU3, Asuman SUNGUROĞLU2, Aslıhan AVCI2 1Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 3Ufuk University, Ankara

Nowadays according to the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, there is an increasing trend of consumption of non-caloric foods and drinks. As a result of this situation there is a widely use of the extracts of a natural plant, Stevia rebaudiana, or its compounds as a sweetener. In this study, it was aimed to investigate possible toxixological effects of stevia and its oxidative compounds on an oxidant parameter in liver tissue from rats. For this aim, 26 adult Wistar type albino rat were used in the study. The animals were divided into two groups as the control group (n=10) and the study group (n=16) randomly. While the control group (Group 1) was fed only by standard rat diet, the study group (Group 2) was fed by standard rat diet with a sweetener including 22 mg stevia extract per day aurogastricly for one month. At the end of the study, rats were sacrified and the liver tissues were surgically removed to analyze an oxidant parameter which is Malondialdehyde-MDA levels. And also histopathological examination and tissue DNA extraction were done. According to the results of the study in liver tissues, MDA levels of the study group which were fed by stevia extract were found significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0,021). The tissues of the group 2 displayed some histopathological changes such as remarkable dilatation of sinusoids. There were no histopathological changes in the structure of hepatocytes and also we did not observe any apoptotic or necrotic cell and histopathological changes in the portal area, except the cellular infiltration in a few focal portal areas. There was no difference between groups according to DNA extraction findings. According the data of MDA levels and histopathological findings, it was thought that the consumption of high dose of stevia as a sweetener may cause oxidant effects on liver tissues.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P161. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASEAS IN FORENSIC SCIENCES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Filiz Ekim ÇEVİK1*, Esma Cansu ÇEVİK2, Faruk AŞICIOĞLU1 1 Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences 2 Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine

Occupational diseases are a result of repetitive and continuing effects of certain conditions in an area of an occupancy over a period of time. Within a code of Occupational Health and Safety, it is being defined as, "a disease resulting from an exposure to occupational risk factors." There are certain lists being made to reveal occupational diseases with an aim of getting rid of unjust treatments resulted from the conditions that take place during a course of an occupation but that are not being proven to be an occupational disease. Any kind of metal, whose amount is out of certain limits, shows toxic effects on humans' health. In Group A, occupational diseases related to chemical substances take place. Their importance on humans' health comes from their accumulation in tissues and possible synergistic effects. In addition to the particles inhaled from air, an accountable amount of metallic particles is taken into the body through food and drinkable water. Lead, arsenic, nickel, mercury metals and solvents, like benzene etc. are found commonly in the atmosphere and so important due to their negative effects on humans' health. Things that differ occupational diseases from occupational-work accidents are the following: the cause of an occupational disease is continuous, the occupational disease is progressive, and the starting date of the occupational disease cannot be certainly determined. With this study, it is being aimed to approach occupational diseases from a perspective of forensic sciences.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P162. EVALUATING MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF PHENYTOIN Cemil NURAL1,2*, Serpil ERDOGAN1 , Ceylan BAL1,2 , Orhan SEN1 , Pervin BARAN1 , Ozcan EREL1,2 1Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey 2Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey

Measurement uncertainty is a quality parameter for the accuracy of the measurement results in clinical testing. It shows what extent the result represents the real value. Measurement uncertainty is very important for the clinician to provide medical decision, diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to calculate measurement uncertainty of phenytoin by using internal quality control datas, inter laboratory comparison results and calibrator uncertainty value to compare it with CLIA total error % (TEa%) value. Between march 2015 and March 2016, the internal quality control datas were screened. The estimation of phenytoin measurement was calculated according to ISO21748 guide. Inter laboratory comparison and calibrator uncertainty values were used to estimate bias. Phenytoin levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetric method on the Roche Cobas Integra 800 analyzer. TEa% values for phenytoin was 19,47. This value was not higher than CLIA (%25). Discussion: Phenytoin is primary antiepileptic agent in all types of epilepsy except absence epilepsy Dosage adjustment is important for assessment treatment efficacy in therapeutic range and also protection from the negative health effects in toxic levels. Therefore, medical laboratories should produce analytically reliable results for the correct interpretation and use of results. Laboratories should give results lower than TEa% limits for phenytoin.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P163 CORRELATION BETWEEN TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND A VARIETY OF DISEASES, MAINLY NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS Filiz Ekim ÇEVİK1*, Esma Cansu ÇEVİK2, 1Dursun KIRBAŞ, Faruk AŞICIOĞLU1 1 Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences 2 Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine

Neurodegenerative disorders are composed of a group of pathological traits, characterised by a progressive and irreversible loss of neurons within specific regions of a brain. The most commons are the following: Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In a variable studies conducted, there has been a correlation found between an exposure to the elements of daily use, such as aluminum and copper, pesticide-derived heavy metals, such as manganese and mercury, and arsenic. In industry, the values of neurotoxic substances' emission to air have been determined to be really high. In addition, these substances' relation to the diseases, like secondary hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus are being researched. Also, evaluations regarding the synergistic effects of toxic substances if used together are being made. In this study, interesting and current evaluations within the topic are included with an aim of coming up certain evaluations regarding humans' health.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P164. PHTHALATES TOXICITY AND ITS DETERMİNATION METHODS IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES Emrah DURAL1* 1Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sivas, Turkey

The phthalates (PHTs), diesters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid, are synthetic compounds widely used as plasticizers, solvents and additives in many consumer products because of their excellent properties and compatibility with vinyls and other polymers. Since their wide usage and applications, PHTs may enter the food chain and also the environment. Humans can be exposed to PHTs oral, inhalation, dermal routes, intravenous and parenteral absorptions. PHTs are listed as “chemicals of concern” by the U.S. EPA, because some PHTs can induce reproductive anomalies. Epidemiological studies have indicated that some PHTs which are diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are carcinogenic and can affect human endocrine and reproductive systems. After entering into body, PHTs can be metabolized to their hydrolytic monoesters and then some monoesters are further transformed into oxidative metabolites after enzymatic oxidation. Previous studies show that PHTs could occur in a variety of body fluids, tissues and organs, which are urine, serum, breast milk, cord blood, fetal liver, placenta and adipose tissue. Various analytical methods have been developed for measuring PHTs and its monoester metabolites separately in biological and environmental samples. Mostly using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). Due to the increasing concern on the PHTs, it is essential to have the sensitive, low cost and efficient analytical methods that can quantify these chemicals and their metabolite levels in human biological materials and also environmental samples.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P165. THE EFFECT OF QUITTING SMOKING ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS Bicer CEMİLE1, Yuksel SEVDA2, Cucen ZUBEYDE3, Sengezer TİJEN4 1Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department 2Turgut Özal University, Ankara School of Health Sciences, Child Development Department 3Turgut Özal University, Ankara Vocational School of Health Services 4. Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Family Medicine Clinic and Smoking Cessation Center

Deterious effects of smoking in smokers has consistently been observed when compared with healthy controls. Better evidence of quitting effects comes from within-subject changes. In our study we examined the changes in oxidative stress parameters; total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (-SH), paraoxonase (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) in smokers before and after quitting. 50 smokers who applied to Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Family Medicine Clinic and Smoking Cessation Center were participated in the study. 30 of smokers who succeeded in maintaining 3 months quitting were enrolled in the study. Blood TAS, TOS levels and PON, ARE activities were measured before and after quitting. Serum TOS levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) and ARE activities were significantly increased (p=0.002) after quitting. The changes in TAS, -SH levels and PON activity were statistically insignificant. Quitting smoking has decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity even after 3 months of quitting period.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P166. WHAT IS DOPING CONTROL CENTER? Burcu CAPKIN*1, Zeliha BAYRAM2, Asena Ayse GENC2 1 Department of Medicines Marketing Authorisation, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Department of Clinical Research, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established in 1999 as an independent, international agency. The aim of this agency is creating an environment in world sport that is free of doping. Its key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti- doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti Doping Code (Code). Code is document which provides anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within sport organizations and among public authorities around the world. It works in conjunction with five International Standards. The goals of this standarts are improved consistency among anti-doping organizations in various areas: testing; laboratories; Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs); the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods; and the protection of privacy and personal information. In Turkey, there is a doping control center called the Turkish Doping Control Center (TDKM), a Hacettepe University unit The aim of this center is to; enable young people to do sport healthily, prevent unfair competition in sports, make doping and other chemical analyses, conduct fundamental and practical researches and projects, develop new techniques in this regard, collect data in light of the aims of the center, offer consultation services. Each year WADA specifies substances and doping methods that are prohibited in sport. It is therefore important for athletes and health professionals to check what is permitted.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P167. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ZINC OXIDE AND COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN L929 CELL CULTURES Duygu PASLI1*, Aylin GÜRBAY1 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey,

In the present study, cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were determined by neutral red (NR) uptake assay following exposure of L929 cell cultures to various concentrations of these NPs either alone or as a mixture for 96 hours. Survival profiles of cell cultures were found similar with ZnO and CuO NPs when the cells exposed to these NPs alone: The decrease in cell survival were found dose-dependent. Nearly 50% decreases were observed in the cell survival following exposure of cells to ≥ 5 μg/ml concentrations of ZnO, and ≥ 0.5 μg/ml concentrations of CuO NPs. However, when the cells exposed to mixture of these two NPs in various concentrations, ~50% decrease in cell survival was noted at higher concentrations (≥ 100 μg/ml). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or taurine (Tau) pretreatment of cell cultures were found to be marked protection against cytotoxicity of 100 μg/ml ZnO and CuO NPs or mixtures of both NPs in 96 h incubation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing effects of these NPs were also observed with their three different concentrations (100, 400, 800 μg/ml, either alone or as a mixture) using a fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. The data obtained in this study suggest that cytotoxic and ROS producing effects of these NPs are more pronounced when they are used alone. Further studies are needed to determine underlying mechanism of these effects.

This study was supported by Hacettepe University Research Foundation (014 D12 301 001- 830). TEM images were obtained in Central Laboratory of Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P168. FORENSIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HERBAL PRODUCTS Ayşe Kuruüzüm-UZ1*, Ü. Şebnem HARPUT1, Merve YÜZBAŞIOĞLU1, Yasin GENÇ1 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Ankara, TURKEY

Plants have formed the basis of traditional medicine systems that have been in existence for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. Herbal medicines are used by an estimated 80% of the world’s population. The term “herbal product” is generally used in the broader sense of the word as it would include herbal drugs/extracts and phytochemicals. They are readily available at a variety of stores including supermarkets, pharmacies and health food stores, as well as through online sites depend on their licensing standards. Due to the large number of herbal product users and the ease of access to those products, it is likely that a significant percentage of individuals who undergo medicolegal autopsies have ingested these substances in the days prior to death. The most common problems about these products are the risk of contamination, adulteration, toxicity and standardization of dose and accuracy of labeling and advertising. Direct intoxications related with these products as well as adverse effects due to drug interactions are also observed recently. There is a need about serious regulations and practice on manufacturing, licensing, sale and supervision of the herbal products offered to the market. On the other hand, herbal products or natural compounds can be used for the criminal purpose in some cases and this should be kept in mind during the investigation of the forensic cases and multidisciplinary investigations such as botanical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological, toxicological and biochemical are needed for the complete interpretation of the legal issues about herbal products.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P169. TOTAL AND EXTRACTABLE LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS OF SOIL SAMPLES IN GREENHOUSE FROM TOKAT, TURKEY Esma SÖYLEMEZ1*, Selma ÖZTEKİN1, Yalçın KAYA1, Gülçin ALTINTAŞ1, Mustafa TÜZEN2 1Middle Black Sea Passage Generation of Agricultural Research Institue Director, Tokat, Turkey 2 Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat, Turkey * [email protected]

Because of greenhouses are high capacity of agricultural production areas, intense usage of pesticides, fertilizers or water, it may cause heavy metal pollution. The aim of this study was to determine total and extractable levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn) of soil samples in greenhouse in Tokat provience, Turkey. For this purpose, total 60 soil samples were collected from the 0–20 cm topsoil layer and 20-40 cm subsoil layers in different 30 greenhouses. The levels of heavy metals were determined by using inductively couple plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP OES) according to standard methods. Heavy metal levels were found as Zn (81.8-331.5), Ni (10.0- 18.4), Cr (51.2- 289.8), Pb (BDL-54.3), Cu (118.3- 178), Cd (BDL- 0.001) mg kg 1 in 0-20 cm topsoil and Zn (81.2-290.9), Ni (1.16- 196.8), Cr (53.2- 284.2), Pb (0.49-30.8), Cu (87.8-175.1), Cd (BDL- 0,001) mg kg 1 in 20-40 cm subsoil layers. DTPA-extractable contents of heavy metals were found as Zn (1.2-10.5), Ni (BDL- 0.55), Cr (0-0.018), Pb (0.87-1.03), Cu (1.02-7.99), Cd (0.009-0.058) mg kg 1 in 0-20 cm topsoil and Zn (0.89-15.3) Ni (0- 0.52), Cr (BDL-0.019), Pb (0.008-2.16), Cu (1.12-11.2), Cd (0.007-0.083) mg kg 1 in 20-40 cm subsoil layers.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P170. COMBINED EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF ATRAZINE WITH THREE DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES ON GAMMARUS KISCHINEFFENSIS SCHELLENBERG, 1937 Özlem DEMİRCİ1*, Kemal GÜVEN1, Dilek ASMA2, Serdal ÖĞÜT3 1 Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Dicle University, Turkey 2Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Inonu University Turkey 3School of Health, Department of NutritionandDietetics, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey

Today all living creatures live in "an ocean consisting of chemicals". Therefore, combined effects of insecticides and herbicides that frequently used together in natural areas are important. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of herbicide Atrazine (ATR) with insecticides indoxacarb (IND), thiamethoxam (THI) and endosulfan (END) mixture on Gammarus kischineffensis. Firstly, organisms were exposed to 1/100 LC50 value that have been determined during 96-h. We used Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities as biomarkers. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) values were calculated for combining all assayed biochemical marker responses into one general stress index. Biochemical analysis indicated that; enzymes activities in the mixture groups of atrazine and indoxacarb reduced significantly. The combined treatment of atrazine and thiamethoxam was caused an antagonistic effect on the biomarkers. The effect of endosulfan and atrazine mixture caused an increase in enzyme activities.

This study supported by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Proje No: 111T661) and Dicle University Research Fund (Project no:12-FF-87)

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P171. ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN TERMS OF SAFETY Emre ARSLANBAŞ *1, Emine BAYDAN 2 1 Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sivas, TURKEY. 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara, TURKEY

In this article, national and international resources related with the safety of organic products are examined in terms of undesired factors and it is intended to assess the safety status of organic products, compared to conventional products. Organic product means a product that does not contain any factor that is harmful to human health. However, researches show that organic products may have various adverse factors, such as mycotoxin, pesticides, resistance to antibiotics, etc., compared to conventional products, which do not sometimes show difference but also be in favor of organic products time to time. Campylobacter was found in 80% of poultries raised organically in USA. Also it was found in a research made in Germany that meats of organic poultries are contaminated with (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) as much as those raised conventionally. Again, no difference was found between organically and conventionally grown cereals, 300 samples of which were taken and scanned every year between 2001 and 2005 in UK, in terms of DON and zearelenon concentration. In Turkey organic and conventional produced animal and vegetable products on metal levels made of research, the level of Fe higher in organic products; however, element levels were found to be within safe limits. Highly significant differences can be observed in the results of studies, performed on the safety of organic products and this situation caused researchers to conduct meta-analyses. It is aimed to reach healthier assessments with these results, which mean reanalysis and reinterpretation of different study results in a combined manner.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P172. EVALUATION OF BPA LEVELS RELEASED FROM DIFFERENT DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS USING HPLC METHOD Ali ASCİ1,*, Sera Simsek DERELİOGLU2, Bilal YİLMAZ3, Taskin GURBUZ2, Fatma SONGUR2. 1 Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzurum, Turkey 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Erzurum, Turkey 3 Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkey * [email protected]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA is also present in dental materials used to treat and prevent caries. There have been concerns raised regarding the safety of bisphenol A in dental sealants and composites. The aim of the study is to measure BPA levels which were released from composite resins after curing with different polymerization conditions. Four composite resins which are commonly used in dental clinics were used in the study. The resins were placed into a silicon mold (diameter: 5 mm; thickness: 2 mm) on a teflon plate and photopolymerized by LED light source using two different modes [Full-Mod (Mod-1) and Ramping Mod (Mod-2)]. After polymerization, cured composite resin specimens were soaked in 3 ml artificial saliva and stored at 37 C for 16 days. After 2 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d and 15 d, 250 µl specimens were taken in order to detect BPA release from dental resins by HPLC-UV detection. The linear ranges were found to be 5-2000 ppb. The regression equation was y=2.6726x-4.6396 (r =0.9993). Maximum and minimum BPA release from dental composites detected in Mod 1 were 174.04±9.7 and 9.30±0.16 while 10.15±0.3 and 218.0±9.5 in Mod 2, respectively. Release of BPA from dental restorative materials was ended after 15 days. In conclusion the absence of a continuous release of BPA from the dental materials is important in the clinical sense.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P173. CHARACTERIZATION OF ION IMPRINTED BASED NANOSENSOR FOR REAL TIME DETECTION OF Cu(II) IONS Nihan AYDOĞAN1, Müge ANDAÇ*1, Adil DENIZLI2 1Hacettepe University, Environmental Engineering Department, 06800 Ankara, Turkey 2Hacettepe University, Chemistry Department, 06800 Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

There are several trace elements in human body. Among these trace elements, Cu (II) plays an essential role in physiological processes in certain amounts. However, at elevated concentrations, Cu (II) can react with molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting their potential damage to biomolecules. In this regard, the residual level of Cu (II) in drinking water is restricted. The United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) sets a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of Cu (II) at 1.3 ppm (20 mM) in drinking water with regards to its toxicity. Therefore, it is important to develop highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for Cu (II) detection. In aim of this study, for the first time, is to detect Cu (II) ions quantitatively in real time with high sensitivity and selectivity without any laboratory conditions and expensive instruments. The study targets to prepare a gravimetric nanosensor for the analysis of Cu (II) ions by combining the excellent selectivity properties of ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) and nanotechnology. Thus, Cu (II) imprinted IIP nanoparticles in a size range of 60 nm were prepared in the presence of N-methacryloyl-L-histidine functional monomer with 2:1 and 1:1 mol ratio. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta size distribution analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Cu (II) imprinted IIPs was then adapted to quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor for the real time detection of Cu (II) ions in aqueous solutions. Several parameters, such as pH, initial ion concentration and selectivity will be investigated to obtain the optimum conditions of nanosensor efficiency.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P174. THE EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON GENE POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS Esra BALCIOĞLU1*, Zeliha KAYAALTI1 1Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. *[email protected]

Arsenic (As) is found commonly in nature and exposure to arsenic is unavoidable for human. Not only the consumption of drinking water and foods contaminated with arsenic but also occupational exposure to arsenic can cause toxicity. This toxicity can lead to various diseases. In addition, arsenic-induced formation of ROS and subsequent depletion of antioxidant cell defences result in disruption of the antioxidant/prooxidant equilibrium in mammalian tissues. According to its sulfydryl group binding capacity, arsenic also inhibit the activities of many enzymes, especially those involved in the uptake of glucose in cells, fatty acid oxidation and production of glutathione. The induction of oxidative stress by arsenic may influence gene expression. Genes involved in endogenous defenses against ROS thus may modify arsenic’s effect. For example, MnSOD, a metalloenzyme which contains manganese cofactor, is the enzyme placed in the mitochondria to convert superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and thus has a key role in quenching free radicals generated by the electron transport chain, and overexpression of MnSOD can lead to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributors to certain diseases and tumor progression. Second important enzyme associated with oxidative stress is p22 phox, a critical enzyme for superoxide production and an essential component of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and oxidase (NOX). The effect of arsenic on polymorphism in genes associated with oxidative stress (Mn-SOD and p22phox) has been discussed in present updated overview.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P175. THE CYTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN ON GILLS OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS Pelin UĞURLU1, Elif İpek SATAR2, Tarık ÇİÇEK3, Özlem DEMİRCİ4* 1Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Turkey 2Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Turkey 3,4Biology Department, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Turkey

It is aimed to determine possible alterations in gill ultrastructure of Oreochromis niloticus individuals exposed to certain concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin technical formulation with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). At 7th, 14th and 21st days fish exposed to 0.29 µg/L lambda-cyhalothrin were taken from the test solution. The gills were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and post-fixed withosmium tetroxide, dehydrated with ethanol and propylene oxide, and then embedded in resin. The ultra thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead, and examined with TEM. At 7th, 14th and 21st days the most common ultrastructural alteration was deformation of pillar cells. The severity of cytopathological alterations were increased with the duration of exposure.

This study was supported by TUBİTAK under grant number 114-Z-730.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P176. INTOXICATION RELATED DEATHS IN GAZİANTEP: 2005-2012 Bekir KARAARSLAN1, Mustafa ŞEN1, Selçuk ÇETİN1*, Gökhan KARABULUT1, Ayşegül BİLEN2, Yusuf ATAN3, Zekeriya TATAROĞLU3 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Gaizosmanpasa University, Tokat 2Adana Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Adana 3Department of Forensic Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep * [email protected]

In this study, the demographic characteristics of the forensic autopsy cases who died as a result of intoxication, causes of intoxication, origin of the event and the autopsy findings were determined and compared with similar studies. In this study contribute to precutions to be taken and creation of a regional data source were aimed. Judicial records of autopsy cases performed in Gaziantep between 2005-2012 were examined retrospectively. Within the specified period 260 cases who died as a result of intoxication were included in the study. Autopsy reports of intoxication cases were evaluated in terms of gender, age, year, month, toxic substance, the autopsy protocol, we evaluated the autopsy physician who performed the autopsy and origin of death. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. 173 (66.5%) of 260 intoxication cases were male, 87 (33.5%) were female. The average age of the cases was 35.1 years and 20% of cases aged 20-29. The deaths were seen the most common 2007 (% 21.2) and January (% 15.8). Carbonmonoxide is the most commonly detected in cases as toxic substance (n:151, 58%). Pesticides were detected in 51.5% of suicides (n:17). Only external examination was performed in 163 (62.7%) cases and the autopsy was not performed by a forensic medicine specialist in 40.4% of the autopsy cases. Preventive measures to be taken and effective treatment approaches can reduce the frequency and advers effects of intoxication poisoning and intoxication.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P177. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION FROM ACCUMULATION OF ANTIBIOTICS AND WIDESPREAD POLLUTION PATHWAYS Betül GÖNCÜ1* 1Harran Üniversitesi, Departmen of Environmental Engineering, Şanlıurfa *[email protected]

Antibiotics are usually removed by dumping trash in form of solid waste and thrown to toilet. Antibiotics which thrown to trash, the leak water in the landfill makes it more difficult for water treatment. If there is no landfill, dumpsites leak water may mix up with groundwater. The antibiotics thrown to toilet can be transported from sewage to waste water treatment plant and those antibiotics will often be transmitted to surface waters without treatment in terms of waste water treatment plant. Therefore, it is possible to come across with antibiotic residues in surface waters. Pollution on surface water where there is no waste water treatment revealed by the researches done previously. Moreover, antibiotics may also cause soil contamination. It can be shown up as a result of feeding animals by antibiotics. If animal feces are used as fertilizer in soil it damages human and animals in food chain. Besides, antibiotics in soil may leak underground water by rain. This is why there is a high risk that surface and groundwater might mix with drinking water In this study, it will be demonstrated that damage when it is released to nature and activities in result of environmental threats by utilizing studies completed before.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P178. THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN ON GILLS OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS Pelin UĞURLU1, Elif İpek SATAR2, Tarık ÇİÇEK3, Özlem DEMİRCİ4* 1Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Turkey 2Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Turkey 3,4Biology Department, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Turkey

This study was supported by TUBİTAK under grant number 114-Z-730.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P179.THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH

Funda ZEYTUN1, Hilal YILDIZ1*, Yeşim DAŞDEMİR1 1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Turkey *[email protected]

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are produced by fungus types such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicilium and Alternaria spp. and cause mycotoxicosis as acute and chronically in human and animals with ingestion to body. It is one of the most important danger factors especially in agricultural food and feed that threatens human and animal health. In this scope it is one of the problems that has to be taken under control in terms of providing food security and protection of human health. Some studies show that ingestion of fungal components to body causes various problems from acute deaths to chronical diseases as a result of negative exposure of animal health and degradation of resistence towards pathogens. Some studies also show that mycotoxins in human cause vomitting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems as well as having carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic potential. Mycotoxins that can be seen in agricultural products grown in our country such as hazelnut, peanut, pistachio, fig, raisin and red pepper grown can pose a danger in terms of society health and economy of country. The most important mycotoxins produced by Fusarium type molds that can grow in many agricultural products as corn and cereals being in the first place are Trichothecenes (Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 Toxins), Zearalenone, Fumonisins and Moniliformin and also in this review Fusarium toxins that can grow in agricultural products and their effects on health will be examined with related literature.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P180. EVALUATION OF PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY ADMISSIONS DUE TO ALCOHOL USE Bünyamin DİKİCİ1, Feruza TURAN SÖNMEZ2*, Gülşen YALÇIN1, R. Cahit TEMİZKAN1, O.Yasin YALÇIN3, İ. Hamdi KARA4 1Düzce University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine 2Düzce University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine 3Düzce University, School of Medicine 4Düzce University, School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine *[email protected]

Emergency admissions due to alcohol and drug addiction increase with time and requirement of studies on this subject occur. This this study we aimed to analyze a one –year-period pediatric alcohol use admissions to emergency and pediatric emergency of Düzce School of Medicine Hospital. Totally 55 patients’ reports were retrospectively investigated; patients admitted to emergency with alcohol use during March 2015- March 2016. In the study period 55 patients admitted to emergency with alcohol use; 45 boys (81.8%) and 10 girls (18.1%). The average age of the patients was 15.8±3.5 (2-18). 29 (52.7%) cases admitted to pediatric emergency with ethanol intoxication, and other 26 (47.2%) admitted to emergency because of trauma. Mean blood ethanol level was 20.6±56.5 (0-286.6) mg/dL. Blood ethanol levels analyzed in groups: 48 patients’ ethanol value was 0-30mg/dl (%87.2), 3 patients’ 31-100mg/dl (%0.54), 3 patients’ 101-200mg/dl (%5.45) and 1 patient’s >201mg/dl (%1.81). Seven patients were reported to have drug use together with alcohol. 83.6% (n=46) of the patients were observed in emergency service for average 4-6 hours and were discharged after. 16.3% (n=9) were hospitalized. Alcohol use among children has been increasing each day. The management of ethanol intoxication and treatment of the symptoms alcohol causes are the topics that emergency physicians have to be alert about.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P181. AMATOXIN AND PHALLOTOXIN CONTENT OF LEPIOTA CRISTATA Ertugrul KAYA1*, Ilgaz AKATA2, Nuri Cenk COSKUN1 1Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology 2Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology

Despite Lepiota cristata has been known as a nontoxic mushroom species, some researchers have reported that this species contains the amatoxins. In this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin content of the Lepiota cristata growing in Turkey have been analysed. The amatoxins and phallotoxin levels have been measured using the reversed phase high- performance liquid chromatography system. Toxin analyses were carried out for dried L. cristata, which were collected from the forests Kastamonu region of Turkey in 2015, as a whole. The alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine levels have been analysed. Detection limits have been determined as 2.5 ng/g for amatoxins and phallotoxins. Amatoxin and phallotoxin levels of the mushroom samples have been under the detection limits. Some researchers have reported that the mushroom species of Lepiota cristata contains the amatoxins and it is lethal mushroom species. Conversely, we have found that in this study, Lepiota cristata does not contain any amatoxins or phallotoxins (alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidin). New researches about the how toxin content of the Lepiota cristata may be useful in order to understand of toxicity of this species.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P182. COMPARISON OF DISULFIDE/THIOL HOMEOSTASIS AS A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HIJAMA BLOOD AND VENOUS BLOOD Zeliha KAYAALTI1, Fezile ÖZDEMİR1*, Fatma CAN1, Dilek KAYA- AKYÜZLÜ1, Ceylan BAL2, Cemil NURAL2 1 Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey 2Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey [email protected]

Hijama or wet cupping threapy is a traditional alternative medicine method which is administered as a treatment against many diseases over the years, especially in Muslim countries and China. Epidermal tissue is gently drawn and put on a cup over drawn area so “bad” blood is sucked by the help of the vacuum or heat and collected in cup for cleaning cardiovascular system in Hijama. Individuals’ pains relive or pull through the disease with the aid of Hijama. In this study we aimd to determined disulfide/thiol homeostasis as a biomarker of oxidative stress and compraing the level of disulfide/thiol homeostasis in Hijama blood and venous blood. 16 blood sample collected in total, 8 of them collected by the way of Hijama and the other 8 blood obtained through venisection in present study. The concentrations of tiol and disulfide were determined with a novel spectrophotometric automated measurement method. The results showed that the disulfide/thiol homeostasis is significantly higher in Hijama blood than venous blood. Consequently, we can say that Hijama threapy could be useful for get rid of the “bad” blood in body and Hijama blood is better indicator than venous blood for determining the oxidative stress biomarkers.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P183. TOXIN CONTENT OF GALERINA MARGINATA Ertugrul KAYA1, Ilgaz AKATA2, Nuri Cenk COSKUN1 1Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology 2Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology

Galerina marginata is a wood-rotting fungus species belonging to the family Cortinariaceae within the division Basidiomycota. The species is widely distributed throughout the North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Galerina marginata can cause mushroom poisoning resulting eventual death if not treated rapidly. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we analysed the toxin levels of the Galerina marginata growing in Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for dried G. marginata which were collected from the forests Kastamonu region of Turkey in 2015, as a whole. The alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. We found that the samples contain alpha amanitin (0.72 ±0.02 mg/g) and beta amanitin (0.56 ±0.03 mg/g), but G. marginata samples do not contain gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidin. Alpha amanitin and beta amanitin concentrations were lower as compared to Amanita phalloides, but toxin content of G. marginata is dangerous and this species can cause lethal mushroom intoxication.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P184. SPONTANEOUS RETROPERITONEAL BLEEDING DUE TO WARFARIN: CASE REPORT Selçuk ÇETİN1*, Mustafa ŞEN1, Bekir KARAARSLAN1, Gökhan KARABULUT1, Fatih ŞAHİN2 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Gaziosmapasa University Medical School, Tokat, Turkey 2Tokat Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Tokat, Turkey * [email protected]

Warfarin is used in cardiovascular disease as an oral anticoagulant agent. Spontaneous hemorrhage is one of the major adverse effects of warfarin. In rare cases, warfarin can cause spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage which may be fatal. In this study, presented a case that death due to massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage related to suicidal warfarin intake. Our case was a 17-year-old female. According to medical and judicial records, she was found unconsciously at her home and died immediately after reached the hospital. External examination revealed marked pale appearance on the skin and mucosal surfaces. There was no any traumatic finding at external examination. The autopsy revealed that a wide hematoma extending from retroperitoneal area to pelvis. Toxicological analysis showed the warfarin in the blood and bile specimens. All forensic investigation file and postmortem examinations evaluated and the case was thought suicide as the origin. Cause of death was non-specific cases, an autopsy is done the necessity and importance of postmodern review once again.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P185. LIPID PEROXIDATION AND DNA DAMAGE IN PLASTIC WORKERS Gülru GÜRDEMİR1, Pınar ERKEKOĞLU1*, Ali AŞCI2, Kübra Gizem YILDIZTEKİN1,3, Aylin BALCI1, Ünzile YAMAN1,2, Engin TUTKUN5, Hinç YILMAZ4, Belma GÜMÜŞEL1 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey Erzincan University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 4Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey 5Department of Public Health, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey

Phthalates are added to polyvinyl (PVC) plastics in order to soften and give shape. PVC plastics are usually used in plumbing pipes and guttering, shower curtains, window frames, flooring and carpeting. Plastic industry offers services to a range of industries, including aerospace, building, construction, home flooring and carpeting products, electronics, packaging, and transportation. The main aim of the present work is to determine the lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in plastic workers (mean age: 30.71 ± 2.41 years, n=24), who were exposed to phthalates [mainly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] in their workplace. Control group consisted of 29 men with a mean age of 35.86 ± 1.67 years. The mean working period of the plastic workers was 8.17 years. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring urinary F2-isoprostane levels. DNA damage was evaluated by measuring plasma 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Urinary F2-isoprostane levels of plastic workers (5.15 ± 0.52 ng/ml) were not significantly higher than control (5.05 ± 0.52 ng/ml). However, plasma 8-OHdG levels increased significantly in plastic workers (0.01 ± 0.002 ng/ml) vs. control (0.14 ± 0.06 ng/ml). The urinary F2-isoprostane levels and plasma 8-OHdG levels were positively correlated and the correlation was statistically significant in the plastic workers (=0.413, p<0.05). Our results show that plastic workers have high levels of DNA damage when compared to control, possibly due to the oxidative damage caused by phthalate exposure. More studies are needed to show the antioxidant/oxidant imbalance in plastic workers.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P186. TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH Ayşe YEŞİLAYER1* Nihat YEŞİLAYER1 1 GOP University, Agricultural Faculty- Department of Plant Protection, Tokat-TURKEY * [email protected]

Pesticides are chemicals used to destroy, prevent or control pests. According to FIFRA, pesticides are used to prevent or destroy pests. Pests include weeds, diseases, mites and insects. In addition, pests are may be mites, insects, rodents, plants, or any other living thing. Main groups pesticides are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides. Agricultural production has increased 82% about 30 years due to pesticides. After the pesticide incorrect use some damage on environmental (soil, water, bird, fish, bee….) and human health. For example; absorption through the skin is the most common route of poisoning of human. Therefore, we have to some rules such as before the applying the pesticides; read and follow the label carefully, be aware of the people and the environment in and around treated areas etc. In this article will be discussed adverse effects of chemicals.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P187. THE IMPORTANCE OF IRON METABOLISM IN MITOCHONDRIA Yasemin KARTAL*1,2, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. 2Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey. *[email protected]

Iron serves as essential components play critical roles not only biochemical but also physiological functions in the system. Because it plays an important role in oxidative metabolism, cell growth, transport of oxygen to tissues, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis due to act on the structure and function of enzymes used in the catalysis of essential reactions. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, play an important role due to synthesis of iron sulfur clusters, prosthetic groups and heme occurs in this organelle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by mitochondria in all aerobic organisms as a product of normal metabolism. Production of ROS increase not only in case of oxidative damage but also the presence of an iron value which above the physiological limits. For example, β talasemi patients increased iron load during therapy which is a result of excessive hemolysis, increased intestinal iron absorption and frequent blood transfusions, causes organ damage and dysfunction. Iron homeostasis is provided by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) in body. For example, IRP1 is sensitive to a variety of oxidative stress signals. Oxidative stress and oxidative damage play an important role in early stages in many pathophysiological processes such as neurodegeneration and specific cancers. For this reason, iron homeostasis as an important factor in many diseases and iron levels within the mitochondrion must be tightly regulated. The relationship between each other mitochondrial dysfunction, iron accumulation, and oxidative stress will be briefly summarized in this review.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P188. DEDECTIVE MITES MYIANOETUS MUSCARUM (LINNAEUS, 1758) HISTIOSTOMATIDAE (ACARI: ASTIGMATA) Ayşe YEŞİLAYER1* 1 GOP University, Agricultural Faculty- Department of Plant Protection, Tokat-TURKEY * [email protected]

Generally forensic entomologists focus on insects such as blow flies or beetles in research. But mites are potential used as evidence in death many investigations. Mites are associated ephemeral decomposition habitats such as fungi, dung, decaying vegetation, and carrion and Mites are use as evidence in forensic investigations. For example: The mite, known as Myianoetus muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758) feeds on vertebrate carrion, including human remains. This species is previously reported from California and Ontario, Canada, and collected from a human corpse in Texas. In addition, it was found on corpses in association with a fly Synthesiomyia nudiseta Wulp (Diptera: Muscidae). Between mite and fly relationship is called phoresy. M. muscarum (mite) is using the fly to get to next host. In the future we can use to estimate this relationship between the specieses in the forenscic case.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P189. HUMAN PLASMA OCHRATOXIN A LEVELS AND CORRELATION WITH HUMAN RENAL CANCERS Mehmet Akif KILIC1*, Firdevs MOR2 and Ayşegül KARGI3 1Akdeniz University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 2Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3Medstar Antalya Hospital, Cancer Centre, Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey. *[email protected]

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds. Dietary exposure to OTA represents a serious health issue in animals and has been associated with several diseases including ochratoxicosis, nephropathy, human endemic nephropathies and human urinary tract tumours. OTA is a renal carcinogenic in rodents and extensive research has been performed in order to relieve its mode of action and relationship with human pathologies. In this study, OTA levels of human plasma samples were determined and the possible relationship between plasma OTA levels and human renal cancers were investigated. Human plasma samples were collected from 34 health individuals and 33 renal cancer patients during 2013 and 2014. Age mean values and gender distribution were similar for both groups. All samples were stored at -80 until analysed. Plasma OTA levels were determined with well-established method using an FLD-HPLC. OTA standards and samples were read at 333 (excitation) and 443 (emission). LOD and LOQ were 0.03 and 0.1 ng/ml OTA, respectively. Plasma OTA levels and correlation with renal cancer were analysed by SPSS 13.0. Out of total 67 samples, OTA were quantified in 21 control samples and 26 renal cancer patients (LOQ= 0.1 ng/ml). Plasma OTA mean values were 2.38±2.62 (±SD) and 5.04±5.16 for health individuals and renal cancer patients, respectively. OTA mean values for the highest 20% of OTA positive samples were 6.24±2.07 (±SE) and 12.9±1.9 for control and renal cancer samples, respectively. OTA plasma levels of tested individuals were found to be higher than some other countries. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference between plasma OTA levels of control and cancer patients (P 0.05). Turkish healthy individual's mean plasma OTA levels are among the highest published OTA levels, just after Bulgaria, Tunisia and Algeria. The higher plasma OTA level of cancer patients indicate that there could be a correlation between OTA exposure and human renal cancer. The study was supported by Akdeniz University and Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Research Funding Units.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P190.HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (4S)-2-(4-HYDROXY-3- METHOXYPHENYL) THİAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ON INTESTINE TISSUE OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) Cansu AKBULUT1, Büşra FİDAN1*, Mustafa ZENGİN2, Nazan Deniz YÖN1 1Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Biology, Sakarya, Turkey 2Sakarya University Science and Letters Faculty Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey

Investigation the histopathological effects of (4s)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on intestine tissue of zebrafish were aimed. (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is new synthesized substance which obtained from cysteine and valine. Because of thiazolidine derivates have important biological responses scientist work intensively on these compounds recent years. It is obvious that thiazolidine contained compounds will be used in future in the pharmaceutical industry to treat important diseases. After one week adaptation period zebrafish divided into four group (n=10) as one control and 3 experimental groups (0.2 mM,0.4mM 0.6mM). Intestine were dissected after 5 day of the exposure. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and dehydration were carried out in an ascending series of ethanol. Tissues were cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 5 µm sections on a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin(H&E). Results were evaluated with light microscope. In control group normal intestine histology have been observed. In 0.2 mM degeneration and fusion at villi structures and inflammation at submucosa were detected. In 0.4 mM thiazolidine exposed group, degeneration and vacuolization at villi structure and hypertrophy at serosa were observed. In 0.6 mM thiazolidine exposed group, degeneration at vili structure, hypertrophy at muscularis externa, vacuolization at submucosa and increase in the number of goblet cells were observed.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P191. ESTIMATION OF THE MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF DIGOXIN 1 1 1 1 1 P. BARAN , C. BAL , S. TURHAN , O. ŞEN , O. EREL 1Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey

A measurement result is complete only when accompanied by a quantitative statement of its uncertainty. The uncertainty is required in order to decide if the result is adequate for its intended purpose and to ascertain if it is consistent with other similar results. The aim of this study is to calculate measurement uncertainty of digoxin parameter by using internal and external quality control data and to compare these calculated measurement uncertainties with CLIA and RILIBAK’s total error % (TEa%) value. In the calculation of measurement uncertainty, six step “uncertainty calculation model, that is defined in Nordest guide which is based on European Accreditation Guideline / 12 /. European Tecnical Report: 1 / 3 and ISO / DTS 21748 Guideline /8/ was used. Last six months internal and external datas were used for calculations. TEa % values for Digoxin was 9,33. This value was not higher than TEa % value of RILIBAK (TEa%30) and CLIA (TEa%20). Drug analysis are important for follow-up of patients so their correct measurements are critical. However as far as our knowledge measurement uncertainity of drugs were not common Laboratories should use same guideline for standardization of measurement uncertainty and gave results lower than TEa% thats measurement uncertainty is calculated according to the same guideline. Moreover, labratories should report patient’s result with the measurement uncertainty values to clinicians.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P192. TOXIC EFFECT OF LEAD EXPOSURE TO NEWBORN AND CHILDREN Esma SÖYLEMEZ1*, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1 Middle Black Sea Passage Generation of Agricultural Research Institute Director, Tokat, Turkey 2 Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye *[email protected]

Recently, studies about effects of metals and heavy metal compounds -which are pollutants- on all biological systems have become more important. Lead is a hidden and permanent toxic metal. Because of its free machining characteristic, lead has an extensive usage area. The major part of its usage area are batteries. Besides paints, ammunations, radioprotective shields, jewellery, fish poles and cable coating are other usage areas. Increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization has increased lead exposure and remarked its toxic effects on environment and human health. The most sensitive groups about lead exposure are infants, pregnants and workers who work for jobs that have extreme lead contact. While 40 mg/dl of Pb level in blood for adults requires treatment; this level is lower for children and pregnants. However toxic effects of lead depend on individual’s age, dosage of exposure and frequency; personal genetic differences are also important. In societies due to lead’s cognitive and behavioral effects, mostly children’s exposure is overstressed. 75% of lead is accumulated in bones, the rest of it is dangerously spread to soft tissues. Half life of lead in bones is approximately 20-30 years. It has been proved that lead accumulated in body causes several neurological insults, lower academic success, behavioral disorders, hearing disorders and mental deficiency. And also Lead exposure has caused birth weight, reduction of the gestation period, the short stature in children furthermore delayed sexual maturation in girls. In this compilation exposure of lead which is an important toxic substance in pollution and effects on infants and children health will be mentioned.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P193. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT IN NANOMATERIAL PRODUCTION WORKPLACES AND RESEARCH LABORATORIES Hülya ÜNVER1*, Erdem BABAARSLAN1 1Ministry of the Labor and Social Security, Directorate General of Occupational Health and Safety *hü[email protected]

Nanotechnology is the processing of the materials at the nano scale in order to produce and use them with their unique and rewarding properties. Attention to this sector gradually increases all around the world and because of their novel properties they are commonly used in many areas. It is important to make provision during usage, transport and especially production to these materials whose harmful effects on human health’s have recently proven. Although as its superior chemical and physical properties known as magic mineral after the second part of twentieth century because of determined harmful effects on human health asbestos is identified as deadly dust. Some nanomaterials have been proven to have asbestos like characteristics on human health. European Agency for Safety and Healthat Workassigned nano particles and ultrafine particles to be the primary risks among ten potential emerging risks related to OHS. In this study four nanomaterials which are commonly produced in Turkey have been chosen to apply Control Banding (CB) risk assessment method. CB risk assessment is an effective and practical method in the absence of toxicology and exposure information. According to the results of four different laboratories and two different firms, the risk levels of the two workplaces were found to be higher risk level so the required control measures and general advice to the sector is submitted.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P194. FAST QUANTITATION OF NORTRIPTYLINE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS/MS) Abdullah SIVRIKAYA1, Sedat ABUSOGLU1*, Ali UNLU 1 1Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is considered useful in patients with major depressive disorder, since these drugs display large individual differences in clearance, and the therapeutic windows of these drugs are relatively small. Nortriptyline is a second-generation tricyclic antidepressant and used in the relief of symptoms of depression and in some cases of nocturnal enuresis. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, fast and accurate tandem mass method for determination and quantification of nortriptyline. This method is designed for high sample throughput of only 10µL serum sample. Mass spectrometric analyses were performed using a Shimadzu LC-20-AD (Kyoto, Japan) coupled with a ABSCIEX API 3200 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (USA) equipped with an electrospray ion source (ESI) operating in positive mode. The standard curves for nortriptyline was linear within the range of 1,56-100 µg/L. Total run time was 5 minutes. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (4.6×50 mm, 5 µm, Phenomenex Luna) with a mobile phase consisting of 1% formic acid in water and MeOH (10:90, V/V) at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The narrow therapeutic range of these drugs are of importance to be analyzed at critical concentrations. This method has capability to determine these levels. Data from calibration curves reveal that the method is accurate and precise.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P195.QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SERUM CLOMIPRAMINE BY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY Abdullah SIVRIKAYA1, Ali UNLU1*, Sedat ABUSOGLU1 1Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants and antipsychotics is necessary for an optimal supervision of patients and their drug therapy to avoid medical complications, intoxication, nonresponsiveness or noncompliance. The aim of this work was to develop a simple, fast and accurate liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination and quantification of serum clomipramine. For serum clomipramine measurement, 200 µL of internal standard (acetaminophen solution) was added to 200 µL serum in a glass tubes. Tubes were well mixed for a minute and extracted twice with 3 ml of a solution of ethylacetate. After centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, the organic phase was transferred to small glass vials, dried completely under a steam of nitrogen at 400 0C. Samples were reconstituted with 200 µL methanol and 10 µL was injected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We developed an analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of clomipramine in serum using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with multiple selected ion monitoring (SIM). The clomipramine assay was linear up to 200 µg/L. Serum clomipramine measurement can be easily performed by LC-MS/MS system to identify the risk of the patients with therapeutic drug monitoring. This method allows accurate the pathological levels with high linearity of the system. This method allows the exact determination of clomipramine levels in pathological concentration to avoid toxic effects.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P196. OXIDANT IMBALANCE IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS Yasemin KARTAL1,2*, Zeliha KAYAALTI2 1Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. 2 Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey. *[email protected]

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disease. Beta (β)-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive and also one of the most common genetic diseases in worldwide that is caused by a point mutation on β-globin gene which is localized on short arm of chromosome 11 as a cluster. In other words, this disease is characterized by malfunctions during the globin chain synthesis of hemoglobin synthesis process. Unbalanced globin chain synthesis is the major cause of low level hemoglobin production leading to anemia. In iron deficiency anemia, sensitivity against oxidants of erythrocytes increases and life expectancy is shortened. Oxidative stress is caused by the increase of free radicals and it creates disorder in metabolism due to damage in biological macromolecules. Multifactorial mechanisms facilitate oxidative damage in thalassemia because of free, unpaired, unstable globin subunits create superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxyl radical, excessive oxidizing free radical, leads to protein aggregation and hydroxylation of DNA. Moreover, it causes event such as decreasing in the deformability with membrane skeleton impairment, premature aging of the erythrocyte with antigenic changing, increasing in the rigidity, peroxidation of membrane lipids and losing in intracellular K+ with deterioration of cation exchange. As to thalassemia patients, increased free radicals cause damage to the tissue in patients with suffering from iron overload via frequent blood transfusions and iron accumulation leads to production of toxic oxygen radicals.

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), SBAG-114S312 Research Fund.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P197. DETERMINATION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN TEN SALVIA SPECIES FROM TURKEY Seda Damla HATİPOGLU*1,2, Burhanettin YALCİNKAYA2, Muslum AKGOZ2, Turan OZTURK1, Gulacti TOPCU3, Ahmet C. GOREN2 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey 2TÜBİTAK, UME, Chemistry Group Laboraties, P.O. Box 54 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey 3Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey *[email protected]; [email protected]

Salvia divinorum (Epling and Javita), a member of the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae), is endemic of the northern Sierra Mazateca maountain of Mexico. It was used by Mazatec Indians in spiritual rituals for its hallucinatory effects. Although these effects were known for long time, the molecules providing the effects were isolated quite later from S. divinorum leaves, the first compounds of which were neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A and B. Salvinorin A was found to be a potent agonist toward κ-opioid receptor (KOR). On the other hand, salvinorin B, which is a metabolite of Salvinorin A through an ester hydrolysis, was inactive at KOR. In this study, 10 different Salvinorin A and B, belonging to Salvia species in Turkey were investigated, applying two methods such as LC-MS/MS and qPCR and the which having hallucinatory effects were determined. Moreover, this study was aimed at formulating the phylogenetic tree of the species having similar gene sequences. Salvinorin A and B were found to be in between trace to 21.89±1.83 mg/kg and trace to 45.40±3.59 mg/kg, respectively, in Salvia species in Anatolia, Turkey.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P198. FUTURE TRENDS IN FORENSIC SCIENCES Kadir DEMİRCAN Department of Medical Biology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Recent advances in genetics/genomisc/proteomics have started to reveal novel knowledge about the genes and mechanism involved in forensic biology and genetics. In Latin, mortis means “of death”. When describing a recent death, evaluating the early postmortem interval or relating the “fresh” stage of decomposition to the corpse, oftentimes the mortis triad is invoked. This triad is concerned with the onset and eventual dissipation of three aspects of the death process: rigor mortis (a temporary stiffening of the musculature primarily due to the failure of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps) , algor mortis (the cooling of the body to ambient temperatures since the metabolic regulation of body core temperature has failed), and livor mortis (the settling of blood in dependent areas of the body). What has historically been omitted from death investigations has been the value of odor mortis – or the “smell of death”. The advantage to the death investigator of expanding the triad into a tetrad is that the ‘smell of death’ lingers well past the fresh stage of decomposition and, as the odor changes and migrates, can be a valuable aid to investigators in the areas of post-mortem interval (PMI) determinations location of clandestine graves, and verification of decompositional events. DNA testing for observable charecteristics or “Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP)” is a emerging new field of forensic genetics. To date, FDP mostly involves the prediction of human observable externally visible characteristics (EVCs; skin tone, hair color, eye color, face shape, male baldness, adult body height, freckling, left-handedness and ethnicity, etc), and sometimes the inference of bio-geographic ancestry (the biogeographical ancestry: BGA). If appearance information of an unknown sample donor can successfully be obtained from a crime scene this information is expected to be useful during police investigation. Recently, at least for one EVC, eye colour, the accumulated knowledge has already been used to produce a forensically validated DNA test (VisiGen Consortium; The Identitas Chip-2012, led by Dr. Manfred Kayser) suitable for forensic case work applications. The sudden death of a young, apparently fit and healthy person is amongst the most challenging scenarios in clinical medicine. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating and tragic outcome of a number of underlying cardiovascular diseases. In up to 30% of young SCD, no cause of death is identified at postmortem, so-calledautopsy-negative or sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS). Where no cause of death is identified, genetic testing of

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

DNA extracted from postmortem blood, the molecular autopsy, may identify a cause of death in up to 30% of SADS cases. Herein, we will summarize the current information on the future trends such as odor signatures, DNA phenotyping and molecular autopsy, and how this new knowledge may be applied to criminal investigations.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P199. ASSESSMENT OF SELECTIVITY OF A SERIAL 1,4-BENZOXAZINE-3-ONE DERIVATIVES INDUCED OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE ON CANCER CELLS USING THE MODIFIED ALKALINE COMET ASSAY Egemen FOTO*1, Fatma ZİLİFDAR1, Serap YİLMAZ2, Ismail YALCİN2, Nuran DİRİL1 1Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey 2Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

It is important that anticancer agents affect selectively cancer cells to minimize possible side effects of therapy. It is reported that cancer cells may be more sensitive to ROS generated DNA damage than normal cells. So it is supposed that increased oxidative stress by exogenous ROS generation therapy has an effect on selectively killing cancer cells with little or no toxicity on normal cells. We evaluated selective genotoxic and ROS generating activities of a serial 1,4- benzoxazine-3-one derivatives previously synthesized and assessed in vitro anticancer and human topoisomerase I inhibitory activities. In this present study, we evaluated their potentials of generating DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage on cancer (HeLa) and normal (L929) cells with alkaline and modified comet assay, respectively. Cells treated with various non-cytotoxic doses of the test compounds. Following test procedures, slides were scored by comet assay IV analysis program. For modified comet assay, slides were incubated with damage specific DNA glycosylases (Fpg and Endo III) before electrophoresis. Tail moment results were statistically analyzed. Test results showed that BS1, BS4, BS10, BS11 caused DNA strand breaks on HeLa, but not on L929. Fpg and Endo III-sensitive sites were both higher in cells treated with BS1 and BS4, whereas BS10 and BS11 increased only frequency of Fpg-sensitive sites. This present study revealed that BS1, BS4, BS10 and BS11 exhibited selectively genotoxic and ROS generating activity on HeLa cells. Further mechanistic studies as well as in vivo studies with these compounds have planned in a new project.

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Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P200. INVESTIGATING OF THE EFFECT OF GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND TOXICOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MYELOMENINGOCELE Gokmen KAHİLOĞULLARI1, Zeliha KAYAALTI2, Dilek KAYA-AKYÜZLÜ2, Umit EROĞLU1*, Mustafa Cemil KILINC1, Fezile ÖZDEMİR2, Tülin SÖYLEMEZOĞLU2 1Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Neural tube defects are malformations which is the result of faulty closure of the neural tube embryonic development 3rd-4th weeks. In myelomeningocele cases, protective membranes around the spinal cord are ejected through an opening in the spine. Neural tube defects are thought to be formed multifactorial event with genetic and environmental factors such as metals, oxidative stress, DNA damage, reduction of folic acid levels and genetic polymorphisms. It has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to determined association between myelomeningocele and these parameters. For this reasons, in Ankara University Ibn- i Sina Hospital Brain and Neurological Surgery Department, the pocket tissue and venous blood of babies who are diagnosed with myelomeningocele have no function during and after surgery and their mothers’ blood will be used from both sexes (n = 100). Also, 100 blood samples taken from healthy mother and their healthy birth babies will be used as the control group. Firstly, the gene polymorphisms in encoded various enzymes and proteins which play role in metals’ toxicokinetics and related with myelomeningocele formation will determinate. Then, the effect of heavy metals to myelomeningocele formation will investigate in the second part of the study. Thirdly, the definition of the effect of oxidative stress and measurement of enzymes activities will do. At last part, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage caused by oxidative stress which is raised by reactive oxygen species will determine. Metal concentrations will be measured in collected myelomeningocele and control samples. The blood samples will be used to determine genetic polymorphisms, measuring the mtDNA damage and to define oxidative stress parameters. As a result, the investigation of effect of metals and genetic polymorphisms in myelomeningocele will contribute intrauterine diagnosis and finding new specific drugs that can prevent the development meningomyelocele.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P201. GENOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF SOME N-PHENYLBENZAMIDE AND N- PHENYLACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES Fatma ZİLİFDAR*1, Egemen FOTO1, Tugba Ertan-BOLELLİ2, Esin AKI2, Ismail YALÇIN2, Nuran DİRİL1 1Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey 2Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Benzamide and acetamide derivatives exhibit various types of biological properties such as antihelmentic, antihistaminic, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer. We previously synthesized 12 N-phenyl benzamid and N-phenylacetamide derivatives which might have anticancer activity on account of their heterocyclic structure and evaluated anticancer activity on cancer cells. They exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells. However, it is well known that genotoxicity posed by chemotherapy is a major concern since it induces DNA damage and instability in the patients’ genome. Therefore, the genotoxic properties of this series were investigated by a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic test systems in this study. Due to the fact that each genotoxicity tests are based on different cellular mechanism, genotoxic potentials of chemicals should be assessed with battery test systems. Therefore, we performed alkaline Comet assay on L929 cells and microplate technique of Bacillus subtilis spore Rec assay. All determinations were made in triplicate. Results were evaluated with T- test and S-probit analyze for comet assay and rec assay, respectively with the confidence interval 95-99%. According to the results, only two compounds (c-8 and c-11) exhibited genotoxic activity and 7 compounds had no genotoxic potentials at both tests. However, the results of both genotoxicity tests for 3 compounds (c-5, c-6, c11) were not parallel. Though their genotoxic potential should be tested with other assays, compounds founded non-genotoxic for both tests in this study are promising for their anticancer activity.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P202. HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS IN FLUE DUST RECOVERY Derya KOÇAK1*, Esra KARAMAN1 1Centre for Labour and Social Security Training and Research

Recycling industry provides the revenue of wastes to protect environment, humanity and economy as a result of several recycling processes. Recycling is necessary for humankind when the depletion of scarce natural world resources and unlimited wants taken into account. The metal recycling sector has a command of a wide area due to its diversified types and forms. Recycling of iron, steel, aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc (zinc oxide) can be an example to frequently recycled metal. Therewithal, waste subjected to recycling may be solid materials such as scrap, powder or liquefied metal can be also subjected to recycling. Without causing environmental problems recovery of flue dust one of the wastes in iron and steel industry is of great important. In Turkey approximately 500,000 tons per year of flue dust arise in steel industry. In European Union countries, total released amount of flue dust is in the range of 750.000 – 1.200.000 tons/per. When chemical analysis of flue dust examined, it is observed that high values of iron and carbon accompanied by harmful elements like Na, K, Zn, and Pb etc. If necessary measures are not taken, exposure of flue dust will create serious hazards to the health of employees. Within the scope of this study, a short term field observations were made at these company recycled zinc from flue dust, processes, and risks private to this industry were analyzed and occupational health and safety’s data were collected from each of the four companies. A workshop called “Health and Safety Hazards in Metal Recycling Industry” was organized by CASGEM on 23 December 2015. In this workshop representatives of these four companies and related social partners brought together to discuss health and safety problems and intercompany cooperation has been put forward in the context of the solution of these discuss health and safety problems. In this study, as well as literature review, workshop results are also evaluated.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P203. SIRTUINS AS DRUG TARGETS AFFECTING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS Kenan Can TOK1*, Yasemin KARTAL1,2, Zeliha KAYAALTI1 1Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Sirtuin (SIRT) is known as a silent information regulator. They are NAD + dependent class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) which have been linked to cellular function such as metabolism, aging, cancer and cell life. In mammalian, there are seven members of the sirtuin family and their intracellular localizations are different. For example, SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 locate mainly in the nucleus, SIRT2 locates in the cytoplasm, SIRT3, IRT4 and SIRT5 locate mainly in the mitochondria. Although subcellular localization of SIRT1 is in the nucleus, it also regulates mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis including oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. As for mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT3 is often linked to thermogenesis which play an important role in controlling reactive oxygen species originating from mitochondria and it locates in heart, brain, testis, liver, kidney, muscle and adipose tissue. SIRT4 is often linked to insulin secretion and it is expressed in all tissues but it locates in pancreas, liver, brain with highest level. SIRT5 is also often linked to urea cycle. The mitochondrial sirtuins are considered attractive drug targets due to regulate significant metabolic pathways and can be stimulated with molecules which effect activity of Sirt. In this context, these molecules can be useful for treatment of mitochondria-related diseases. The regulation of sirtuin enzymes and their implications in mitochondrial functions have been discussed in present review.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P204. GENETIC DISCRIMINATION and GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY Fezile ÖZDEMIR1*, Zeliha KAYAALTI1, Dilek KAYA- AKYÜZLÜ1 1Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey * [email protected]

Prediction of disease, susceptibility to chemicals, durgs or illness, morbidity and mortality, physiological and psychological condition of individuals are specified according to genetic tests. The expansion of usage area of genetic tests is brought issues beside benefits. Individuals are exposed to genetic discrimination by insurance companies or employer due to they have a genetic alteration. These alterations could be responsible for pathogenic disease, increasing the risk of inherited disorder or disease. Genetic information of individuals can be used against to them during, employment, adoption, health or life insurance. There are many case reports about genetic discrimination in the past. Besides, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) assists to people for prohibit the genetic discrimination by the help of laws since 2008 in United States. The genetic discrimination does not become widespread in Turkey in comparison with developed countries, yet. Research conducted with two different socioeconomic classes in Turkey showed that individuals’ knowledge level about genetic tests and positive/ negative attitudes or concern about genetic tests is different according to their socioeconmic conditions.

For prevent the genetic discrimination; first of all, the community should be informed and educated about genetic tests and how genetic tests could be use to their advantageous or disatvantageous. Also, the insurance companies' medical directors and insurers or employers should be educate to perform consciously a risk assessment rather than to make a prediction according to genetic tests of individuals. Consequently, the misuse of genetic information must prevent and it must only reveal for legal, forensic sciences or health reasons.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P205. MUSHROOM POISONING

Bilge Ahsen KARA1, Anıl Emre DEDEOĞLU2 1Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Turkey 2Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Turkey * [email protected]

Just like in our country mushroom poisoning (mushroom toxicity) is considerably prevalent and it is commonly encountered throughout the world. Different types of toxins found in mushroom may cause serious and severe poisoning and rapid death. Mushroom toxicity usually brings on gastrointestinal toxicity symptoms. Acute mushroom poisoning signs and symptoms depend on the type of toxin and poisoning usually occurs within the first 2 hours to 6 hours. Late symptoms often indicate poorer prognosis. Mushrooms known to be non-toxic among the people may cause digestive system symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when eaten by humans. Bacterial contamination, allergic reactions and because of the heavy metals from the soil of mushroom plant food poisoning can be seen in the digestive system going with the findings. This study provides information about mushroom species, toxic properties and variosu type of treatments.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P206. CHOROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF YUP SWAP HANDKERCHIEF AFTER EXTRACTION Salih Murat ÜNSAL1*, Emrah COŞKUNSU1, Uğur EKİCİ1 Gendarmerie Forensic Department (JKDB-Jandarma Kriminal Daire Başkanlığı), 06835 Ankara, Turkey *[email protected]

Here we present a new method to swap from hands, clothes, cars of suspects who set up or use Molotov cocktails, have contact with drugs or psychotropic substances, set up or use explosive materials, or to swap from any kind of surfaces which were exposed to such kind of materials. This method is called “YUP Svap Mendil*, and is used for the first time in our country. Besides, YUP Svap Mendil can be used to gather evidence from crime scenes after explosion. This evidence using YUP Svap Mendil will be sent to laboratories which perform a chromatographic analysis, one of the most advanced technical analysis in forensic laboratories. The aim of this work is to present a new approach of revealing the connection between crime, crime scene and criminal. This work is important for crime scene investigation teams gathering evidence, and contributes to resolve events correctly.

Some examples of chromatographic analysis results of YUP Svap Mendil, designed and improved by chemical analysis specialists in JKDB laboratory, has exhibited.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P207. WHICH ONE IS DANGEROUS: MOTH OR MOTH REPELLENT NAPHTHALENE? Aysel KEKILLIOĞLU1, Feyza KEÇICI1*, Gamze DURAK1 1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey [email protected]

Naphthalene is a white solid that evaporates easily. It is also called mothballs, moth flakes, white tar, and tar camphor. The major consumer products made from naphthalene are moth repellents, in the form of mothballs or crystals, and toilet deodorant blocks. The major commercial use of naphthalene is to make other chemicals used in making polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Naphthalene has a strong but not unpleasant smell. Its taste is unknown, but it must not be unpleasant since children have eaten mothballs and deodorant blocks. Naphthalene enters the environment from industrial uses, from its use as a moth repellent, from the burning of wood or tobacco, and from accidental spills. Naphthalene at hazardous wastesites and landfills can dissolve in water and be present in drinking water. Naphthalene can become weakly attached to soil or pass through the soil particles into underground water. Most of the naphthalene entering the environment is from the burning of woods and fossil fuels in the home. The second greatest release of naphthalene is through the use of moth repellents. Individuals exposed to naphthalene such as inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated groundwater used as a source of drinking water, ingestion of contaminated food, and dermal contact with contaminated soils or products treated with the compound. Naphthalene and waste containing naphthalene are classified as hazardous wastes by EPA. Generators of waste containing this contaminant must conform to EPA regulations for treatment, storage, and disposal. Therefore, harmful and toxic effects of naphthalene that is used to get rid of moths is discussed as the main objective and content of this work.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P208. EFFECTS OF TOXINS ON FORENSIC ARTHROPODS Aysel KEKILLIOĞLU1, Şükran ÇIL1*, Mukaddes BAŞAR1 1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey [email protected]

Entomotoxicology deals with the analysis of toxins in arthropods mainly flies and beetles that feed on carrion. Using arthropods in a corpse or at a crime scene, investigators can determine whether toxins were present in a body at the time of death. In recent years, with the development of modern extraction technologies, attention has been focused on analysis of chitinised insect remains as an alternative toxicological specimens in situations where traditional toxicological sources such as blood, urine or solid tissues are unavailable or not suitable for analysis and studies Drugs can have a variety of effects on development rates of arthropods. Substances like Cocaine, Heroin, Methylene Dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and Amitriptyline are commonly encountered in cases where forensic entomotoxicology is used. Entomological samples are analyzed in similar standards to human tissue samples. Specimens are prepared for analysis in a variety of ways. However, they differ based upon the substance that is in question. As a result, this study is focused on Arthropods function as prove to be valuable tools in the investigation of homicides, suicides, and other unattended human deaths. Whereat, entomotoxicology can provide alternative specimens for Toxicological factors especially drug detection in decomposed bodies.

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2nd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY Industrial and Environmental Toxicology

Ankara-TURKEY May 26- 30, 2016

P209. POLLENS, PLANTS, POLLUTANTS & ALLERGIES Aysel KEKILLIOĞLU1, Ebru KUNDURACI1*, H.Kübra KEKILLIOĞLU2 1 Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey 2Gazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ankara Turkey [email protected]

Pollen has an important place among aeroallergens in terms of their role in allergic diseases Pollen allergy has a remarkable clinical impact all over world. The pollen from the plants that cause allergic diseases depends on the flora and climatic conditions of the region. Grass pollen is the major cause of pollinosis in many parts of the world. Because of its climatic conditions, characterized by mild winters and sunny days with dry summers, Turkey has variable different phytogeographical regions differring in climates climates as well as vegetation cover. Therefore, the density and diversity of pollen in the atmosphere show regional differences. The country possesses an enormous floristic wealth. Approximately over 10.000 plant taxa show distribution in the country which is very close to the number of taxa distributed in the whole of European continent. The potential allergenic effects of atmospheric pollens on human health have been divided into different categories as taxa with highest, medium, lowest allergenic effects. The pollen allergy incidence shows variation all over the world, depending on the countries and different climates. The most important factor in pollen allergy, is the composition of the pollen in the air. The pollens from different plants show different allergic degrees in humans. Pollen allergy symptoms show a good correlation with atmospheric pollen counts. Therefore, an identification of the pollens from different plant taxa causing allergic reactions proves of great help in this connection. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the atmospheric polen with environmental factors, is important for the characterization of both pollens and polen allergies. Recent studies have demonstrated that urbanization, high levels of vehicle emissions and westernised lifestyle are correlated with the increasing frequency of pollen-induced respiratory allergy and people who live in urban areas tend to be more affected by pollen-induced respiratory allergy than people living in rural areas.

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