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Chinese Aggression in Maps

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Chinese Aggression in Maps I IN MAPS AGGRESSION TEN MAPS, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND EXPLANATORY NOTES 2. LINESEPARATING INDIANAND CHINESEFORCES ON 7 SEPTEMBER1969- IN WESTERNSECTOR 5. LINE OF ACTUAL CONTROL IN NOVEMBER1959 AND SEPTEMBER1962 IN WESTERNSECTOR 6. CHINESEADVANCES BEFORE 8 SEPTEMBER1962 AND AFTER 8 SEPTEMBER 1962 IN WESTERNSECTOR, AND AREA WHICH THEY ARE PREPARED TO DEMILITARISE 7. EXTENTOF INDUNTERRITORY AND INDIAN POSTS TO BE EVACUATED BY INDUN FORCES IN WESTERNAND MIDDLESECTORS UNDER CHINA'S THREE- POINT PROPOSAL 8. LINESEPARATING INDIANAND CHINESE FORCES ON 7 SEPTEMBER1962 IN EASTERNSECTOR PUBLICATIONS DIVISION Price : 30 nP. ROUGHT together in this brochure are ten maps which wu detained by the Chinese forccs near Haji Langar in Stpteni- B graphically present the extent of the Chinew occupation of ber 1958. The Governmcnt of India protested against this &ten- Indian territory through aggression from time to time; the fraudu- tion and also againrt the clearing of tht motor road by the lent nature of the three-point proposal with which China launched Government of China across the Aksai Chin area of Indian ter- a peace oflemive after the largescale invarion by Chinese forces ritory. These surreptitious intrusions continued in the Lad& on October 20, 1962; and the minimum condition which India area and there were some other incidenu betwean Indian patrols has insisted on for the resumption of negotiations to settle the and the Chinese soldiers. The Government of India, in the belief India-China boundary question. Most of the maps also carry that these were instances of irresponsible behaviour of the Chinese explanatory notes. local authorities, lodged protests against these intrusioru and incidents. Falsehood and deception marked the Chinese Government's policy towards India till it culminated in the massive invasion of In September 1959, the Government of China, for the first India's northern frontier, from Ladakh in the west to the North time, laid a formal claim to 50,000 square miles of Indian territory East Frontier Agency in the east, on October 20, 1962. A in Ladakh and in the North East Frontier Agency. This led to persual of the maps printed in this brochure will make it clear cxchange of communications at a high level, between the two that falsehood and deception are the warp and woof of the peace Prime Ministers. The two Prime Ministers met in Delhi in 1960, offensive with which China followed up its armed aggression. and this was followed by the meeting between officials of the two sides in pursuance of the decision taken at the meeting of the two India was among the first countries to extend recognition to Prime Ministers. Further intrusions by the Chinese, however, the People's Republic of China which came into being on October continued. By 1961, the Government of India considered it 1, 1949. In August 1950 when the forces of the People's Republic necessary, in view of progressive Chinese intrusions, to take limited of China came into Tibet, the Government of China declared their defence measures to contain these surreptitious Chinese advanes willingness to solve the problem of Tibet by peaceful and friendly into Indian territory. measures and their desire to "stabilise the China-India border". On receipt of this communication, the Government of India expressed. , ,Foiled in their attempt to take over further Indian territory their appreciation of the Chinese Government's intentions regard- in Ladakh, the Chinese started further aggression in the Eastern hg Tibet and atlirmed that "the recognired boundary between sector of the India-China boundary in the NEFA region on 8th India and Tibet should remain inviolate". September 1962. After a couple of probing attacks, Chinese forces mounted a carefully prepared and well-planned all-ut Close and friendly relations developed between the Govern- attack on 20th October 1962 on Indian defence forces in the ment of India and the People's Republic of China in the subse- Eastern as well as Western sectors of the India-China border. quent years and on 29tb April, 1954, the two Governments con- Having acquired, as a result of their initial successes, a further .eluded an Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet slice of about 2,500 square miles of Indian territory, the Chinese .and India under which India gave up all extra-territorial rights Government started their first peace offensive-the Chinese three- and privileges enjoyed in Tibet, and rccogniscd Tibet as a region point proposal--on 24th ~ctober. When India refused to accept of China. the military dictates of the aggressor, the Chinese, after re-group- The question of Chinese maps which were showing an incor- ing and further preparations, mounted another massive offensive rect boundary alignment between India and China was raised by from 15th to 19th November, 1962. On the morning of 21st Prime Minister Nehru with Prime Minister Chou En-lai in Octo- November, the Chinese started their second peace offensive with ber 1954 and again in November 1956. The Governmcnt of the same object of retaining the gains of their calculated and cold- India were given to understand in October 1954 that the Chinese blooded a;gression-the so-called unilateral cease-fire and with- maps referred to by the Prime Minister of India were merely a drawal proposals- - of 21st November, 1962. reproduction of old Kuomintang maps and that the present Government had had no time to revise them. In November 1956, The Government and people of India are, by their history and tradition, wedded to the ways of peace. Prime Minister Chou En-lai told the Indian Prime Minister that They have always been and are in favour of peaceful settlement of dzerences bet- in the case of Burma, the Government of China had accepted ween nations. Peace and peaceful settlements can, however, be .the formalisation of the boundary in 1914 (the McMahon Line) and proposed to recognise it with India also-that is the Eastern pursued only on the basis of decency, dignity and self-respect. It sector of the Indian alignment. Prime Minister Chou En-lai said would be fatal to compromise with aggression or submit to the he would consult the Tibetan authorities in thin regard. military dictates of thc aggressor. The first essential before we can revert to paths of peace and peaceful settlements is the undohe" Surreptitious Chinese intrusions into Indian territory in of all the consequences of aggression. This means that at least Ladakh started in 1957. The clearing of the Aksai Chin Road the status quo as it prevailed before the latest Chinese aggression .was the first step. An Indian patrol party on its normal rounds started on 8th September, 1962, should be restored. Revised edition, Jarruary 1963 (Pausa 1 884) PUBLISHED BY THE DIREflOR. PUBLICATIONS DIVISION. OLD SECRETARIAT. DELWI-6 AND PRINlTD BY THE MANAaeR. GOWRNhfENT OF INDIA PRESS, FARDABAD MAP 2 IdNE SEPARATING INDIAN AND CEUNESE FORCES ON 7 SEPTEMEER 1962 IN WE9TER.N 6ECM)R This map depicts the three lines which have figured most The third line shows the limits of the further area occupied prominently in the correspondence between the Governments by Chinese forces after the massive aggression which they launch- and Prime Ministers of India and China after the massive ed against Lndia, both in the Western and Eastern sectors. on invasion of India which was launched by Chinese forces on October 20, 1962. China now falsely claims that this was the October 20, 1962. The first line shows the disposition of Chinese line ol actual control by Chinese forces in November 1959. posts in Ladakh in November 1959. It will be seen that at that Under the unilateral declaration of November 21, 1962, China time there was strictly speaking no "line of control" but only has proposed that Indian and Chinese forces should withdraw a series of Chinese pasts on Indian territory. The November 20 kilometres on either side of this line, which they claim as 1959 'line' would be one that joined the then Chinese posts at the November 1959 line but which was actually reacbed by them Spanggur Post, Khurnak Fort, Kongka Pass and Sharnallungpa only after their latest aggression. and ran northward, past Haji Langar, to join the Aksai Chin Road. The area betwcen the September 7, 1962, line and the 'line of actual control of 1959' as falsely claimed by China represents The second line shows the line of contact between Indian and the further aggrandisement of Indian territory by China as a Chinese forces immediately prior to September 8, 1962-the date result of its latest aggression. India insists that this area of on which mese forces invaded Indian territory in the Eastern further aggression should be vacated by the Chinese and be sector also. India has made the reasonable proposal that there position of the Indian and Chinese forces prior to 8th September should be a restoration of the positions along this line as the restored, before there can be a resumption of negotiation3 to minimum condition for resumption of negotiations with China. settle the India-China boundary problem. MAP3 CHLNESE CLAIM LLNES OF 1956 AND 1960 lN WESTERN SECTOR (IZIL JIL@A CFIrNESB CLAIM LINE OF ----- ?Oms TO WHICH l?4DIAN China kept its claims on Indian territory undisclosed till 1959 shown in the above map. In 1960, during talks between oficials though it had already, in 1957, surreptitiously cleared a motor of the two Goveruruents, the Chinese advanced their claim line road across the uninhabited Aksai Chin area of Ladakh. further into Indian territory. The 1960 claim line is also shown Territorial c!aims were put forward for the first time by the in the map. This line, which broadly corresponds to the line of Chinese Prime Minister in September 1959, based on a Chinese present Chinese control shown in Map 2, was actually reached map published in 1956.
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