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Ministers Prime Ministers of Australia From To Party 1 1 Jan 1901 24 Sept1903 Protectionist 2 24 Sept1903 27 Apr 1904 Protectionist 6 July 1905 13 Nov 1908 Protectionist

2 Jun 1909 29 Apr 1910 Protectionist

3 John Christian Watson 27 Apr 1904 18 Aug 1904 Commonwealth Labor 4 George Houston Reid 18 Aug 1904 5 Jul 1905 Free Trade 5 Andrew Fisher 13 Nov 1908 2 Jun 1909 Commonwealth Labor 29 Apr 1910 24 Jun 1913 Commonwealth Labor 17 Sept 1914 27 Oct 1915 Commonwealth Labor 6 24 Jun 1913 17 Sept 1914 Liberal 7 William Morris Hughes 27 Oct 1915 9 Feb 1923 Australian Labor, National Labor, National 8 Stanley Melbourne Bruce 9 Feb 1923 22 Oct 1929 National 9 James Henry Scullin 22 Oct 1929 6 Jan 1932 Australian Labor 10 Joseph Aloysius Lyons 6. Jan 1932 7 Apr 1939 United Australia 11 Earle Christmas Page 7 Apr 1939 26 Apr 1939 Country © A Moment In Our World Prime Ministers of Australia From To Party 12 Robert Gordon Menzies 26 Apr 1939 29 Aug 1941 United Australia

19 Dec 1949 26 Jan 1966 Liberal

13 Arthur William Fadden 29 Aug 1941 7 Oct 1941 Country

14 John Joseph Curtin 7 Oct 1941 6 July 1945 Australian Labor

15 Francis Michael Forde 6 July 1945 13 July 1945 Australian Labor

16 Joseph Benedict Chifley 13 July 1945 19 Dec 1949 Australian Labor

17 Harold Edward Holt 26 Jan 1966 19 Dec 1967 Liberal

18 John McEwen 19 Dec 1967 10 Jan 1968 Country

19 John Grey Gorton 10 Jan 1968 10 Mar 1971 Liberal

20 William McMahon 10 Mar 1971 5 Dec 1972 Liberal

21 Edward 5 Dec 1972 11 Nov 1975 Australian Labor

22 John 11 Nov 1975 11 Mar 1983 Liberal

23 Robert James Hawke 11 Mar 1983 20 Dec 1991 Australian Labor

24 Paul John Keating 20 Dec 1991 11 Mar 1996 Australian Labor

25 John Winston Howard 11 Mar 1996 3 Dec 2007 Liberal

© A Moment In Our World Prime Ministers of Australia From To Party 26 Kevin Michael Rudd 3 Dec 2007 24 June 2010 Australian Labor

26 June 2013 18 Sept 2013 Australian Labor

27 24 June 2010 26 June 2013 Australian Labor

28 Anthony Abbot 18 Sept 2013 Liberal

© A Moment In Our World Edmund Barton January 1901 to September 1903 • Australia’s first prime minister • attended Sydney Grammar School and the University of Sydney where he qualified as a lawyer • strongly supported the federation • made new laws such as the • resigned in 1903 due to poor health and became a judge of the High Court Alfred Deakin Sept. 1903 to April 1904; July 1905 to Nov. 1908; June 1909 to • studied law and was a barrister before being elected as a member of the Victorian Parliament • was the Attorney-General in the new Federal Parliament • set up a system of customs duties and tariffs where charges were made on overseas good which were sold in Australia • introduced pensions for old people • made a start in providing Australia with a defence system John Christian Watson April 1904 to August 1904 • was born in Chile in 1867 • moved to New Zealand as a child and became an apprentice compositor in a newspaper office • arrived in Australia in 1886 and became involved in the formation of the new Labor Party • In 1901 was elected leader of the Labor Party • resigned when Parliament would not support his policies

George Houston Reid August 1904 to July 1905 • was born in Scotland arriving in Australia in 1852 • studied law and became a barrister in 1898 • was state Premier of New South Wales from 1894 to 1899 • arranged alliances with other parties to become Prime Minister • thought it would be better if goods from other countries could be sold here without customs duties • when retired he became the Australian High Commissioner in Andrew Fisher Nov. 1908 to June 1909; April 1910 to ; Sept. 1914 to Oct. 1915 • born in Scotland, had little schooling, worked as a coalminer • migrated to in 1885 and worked as a miner, spending lots of time reading to further his education • elected to the first Commonwealth Parliament in 1901 • followed Watson as leader of the Labor Party • during his time as Prime Minister, the was set up, the railway crossing from the east to the west was begun, the government began paying allowances to mothers on the birth of children, the foundation stone of was laid. Joseph Cook June 1913 to • born in England, starting work in a coal mine at the age of 9 • migrated to Australia when 25 years old and worked in the mines at Lithgow, New South Wales • in 1891, he was elected as a member of the New South Wales Parliament • believed in free trade and became the leader of the when Reid retired • stayed in politics until 1921 when he became the Australian High Commissioner in London.

William Morris Hughes October 1915 to February 1923 • born in London, migrated to Australia in 1884 • had many different jobs; worked as a drover, a ship’s cook, a bookseller and studied law • became the leader of the Labor Party in 1915 • was a great wartime Prime Minister, organising the Australian people to help Britain fight in • thought young men should be compelled to fight in the war • left the Labor Party with a small number of supporters and joined the National Party • stayed in politics as a member of Parliament until he died in 1952 Stanley Melbourne Bruce February 1923 to October 1929 • born in Melbourne, but spent a lot of time in England • joined the British Army during World War I where he received 2 awards for bravery • when wounded in the war, he returned to Australia and became a member of Parliament in 1918 • his government did not have enough members in Parliament, so relied on the support of the Country Party • he encouraged migrants to settle in Australia, supported schemes to help people become farmers, set up the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIRO)in 1926 James Henry Scullin October 1929 to January 1932 • worked in a grocery shop while taking night classes • joined the Labor Party and was elected to Parliament in 1910 • became the leader of the Labor Party in 1928 • had a hard time as Australia was feeling the effects of the world-wide Depression • he could not find a way to solve all the problems and was defeated in the elections in 1931 Joseph Aloysius Lyons January 1932 to April 1939 • born in Tasmania, he worked as a teacher until elected to the Parliament there in 1909 • was selected by to be Postmaster-General and Minister for Works and Railways • he didn’t agree with some of Scullin’s decisions and resigned in 1931 • helped form a new political party – the United Australia Party and became Prime Minister • he died in 1939, his wife was the first woman to elected to the House of Representatives in 1943 Earle Christmas Grafton Page 7 April 1939 to 26 April 1939 • was a doctor and farmer in New South Wales • was an army doctor in and Egypt during World War I • helped for the Australian Country Party after the war • he was the leader of this Party from 1921 to 1939 • in the 1920’s they supported Bruce’s government and Page became the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer • in 1934, he formed an alliance with the United Australia Party and was deputy Prime Minister • became a ‘caretaker’ Prime Minister for 19 days after Lyons died Arthur William Fadden August 1941 to October 1941 • after school he studied accountancy and became the Town Clerk of Mackay in 1916 • was elected to Parliament in 1936 as a Country Party representative and was leader of this party from 1941 to 1958 • for most of his political life, Fadden was Menzies’ Treasurer • 1951 he introduced the ‘Horror Budget’ to try and cut government spending • he became Prime Minister for 5 weeks after Menzies resigned John Joseph Curtin October 1941 to July 1945 • after school worked in a printing office in Melbourne, he then became interested in politics and joined the Labor Party • moved to Western Australia and first entered Parliament in 1928 as a member for Fremantle. • he was Prime Minister during World War II, so spent most of his time solving the problems this created such as rationing food, petrol, clothing and increasing taxes • he was also able to introduce widow pensions, child endowments, unemployment and sickness benefits towards the end of the war

Francis Michael Forde 6 July 1945 to 13 July 1945 • born and educated in Queensland, becoming a schoolteacher and engineer before being elected to Parliament in 1922 • became Deputy Prime Minister while Curtin was in office • he was also the Minister for the Army during the war years • was ‘caretaker’ Prime Minister after Curtin died • became the Australian High Commissioner in Canada from 1946 to 1953 Joseph Benedict Chifley July 1945 to December 1949 • born in Bathurst in 1885 • became an engine driver after school and developed an interest in trade unions • elected into Parliament in 1928, he made himself an expert in finance and was appointed Treasurer in 1941 • when Curtin died, Chifley became the leader of the Labor Party and the Prime Minister • he established the Snowy Mountains Scheme to harness waters of several rivers for electricity and irrigation Robert Gordon Menzies April 1939 to August 1941; December 1949 to January 1966 • born in Victoria in 1894, after school in Melbourne he went on to study law • started his political career in the Victorian Parliament and won a seat in the Federal Parliament in 1934 • in 1936 he became the deputy leader of the United Australia Party and the leader and the Prime Minister in 1939 after Lyons died • was forced to resign in 1941 when the war broke out as he couldn’t keep his party united • organised a new Liberal Party and became Prime Minister again in 1949 to 1966, a record seventeen years Harold Edward Holt January 1966 to December 1967 • studied law and worked as a solicitor before entering Parliament in 1935 • he was in the Liberal Party and became Prime Minister when Menzies retired in 1966 • he loved sports and in December 1967, he disappeared while swimming in the rough seas near Portsea, Victoria while on holiday John McEwen December 1967 to January 1968 • he joined the Australian Army during World War I • after the war, took a block of land under a scheme to help soldiers settle in the country • he became interested in politics and joined the Country Party, entering Parliament in 1934 • in 1958, he became the leader of the Country Party and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister as the Liberal Party needed their support • when Holt disappeared, he became Prime Minister until the Liberal Party could elect a new leader. • he helped set up a trade agreement with Japan which helped Australia’s industries and agriculture John Grey Gorton January 1968 to March 1971 • went to school in Geelong and university in England • was a fighter pilot for the Australian Air Force during World War II and was seriously wounded in action • 1949 he was elected to the Federal Parliament as a representative of the Liberal Party • when Holt died, he was selected as the new leader of the Party and the Prime Minister • he stopped sending troops to Vietnam, opposed large foreign companies taking over Australia industries and tried to improve health schemes • in 1971, he could not count on his party’s loyalty, so voted himself out of office William McMahon March 1971 to December 1972 • after attending school and university in Sydney, McMahon became a solicitor • he spent some time in the Army and entered politics as a member of the Liberal Party • established a reputation as a skillful politician and gained experience in many areas of government • he was Gorton’s Treasurer between 1966 and 1969 • when Gorton voted himself out, McMahon was elected as leader and the new Prime Minister • he was the oldest man to become a Prime Minister when he gained the position - he was 63 Edward Gough Whitlam December 1972 to November 1974 • he had been a navigating officer during the war and a barrister before becoming a member of Parliament • while Prime Minister, he made many changes: more government money was spent on public programs, Medibank was introduced and Aborigines were able to increase their claims for land. • Many difficulties arose, the value of money decreased, the Senate refused to pass the Bills which would allow the government to have the money it needed • in 1975, the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, dismissed Whitlam and appointed Malcolm Fraser as a caretaker Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser November 1975 to March 1983 • was the son of wealthy Victorian parents • he attended Melbourne Grammar School and Oxford University before being elected to Parliament in 1955, becoming the leader of the Liberal Party in 1975 • Fraser cut down on government spending and encouraged private companies and industries to develop by offering them incentives • he ended the free Medibank system, except for those on low wages Robert James Lee Hawke April 1983 to December 1991 • he was the son of a congregational minister and was born in 1929, the year of the beginning of the great world-wide depression • he was highly committed to the problems of the working man, seeing trade unions as a way to effect change • his government introduced Medicare and installed sound economic management • in 1988, the New Parliament House on Capital Hill was opened • in 1991, Keating made moves to depose Hawke, who ended up losing Party support. Keating was appointed leaders of the Labor Party and became the Prime Minister Paul John Keating December 1991 to March 1996 • He left school at age 15 and worked as a clerk at the Sydney City Council. He started but never finished trade courses at Belmore and Sydney Technical Colleges • in 1969, he was elected to the House of Representatives as the member for Blaxland, NSW. • in 1983, he became the Treasurer for Hawke and became Deputy Prime Minister in 1990 • He disposed Hawke to take over as Prime Minister in 1991 • He was the first Prime Minister to say that Australia should become a republic • his government brought about a reduction in inflation, unemployment and poverty John Winston Howard March 1996 to November 2007 • after school, he completed a law degree at Sydney University, practicing as a solicitor until 1974, when he won a seat in the Federal Parliament as the member for Bennelong, NSW • in 1975, he became the Minister for Business and Consumer Affairs, then he rewrote the Trade Practices Act • after becoming the Treasurer in 1977, he helped deregulate Australia’s financial system • he brought about the gun reform after the shocking shooting in Port Arthur • in 2007, he was heavily defeated by Labor’s and lost his seat of Bennelong after being the member for 33 years. • he is the second Prime Minister to be voted out of his electorate Kevin Michael Rudd November 2007 to June 2010; June 2013 to September 2013 • his parents were dairy farmers in Eumundi until his father died in 1969 when his mother found work as a nurse • he completed an honours degree in Asian Studies at the Australian National University in Canberra • he was appointed as Australian Diplomat to China in 1981 before joining the Labor Party in 1988 • in December 2006 he became leader of the Labor Party • his party began to turn against him, causing a leadership spill in 2010 • in a leadership challenge, Rudd was elected as leader of the Labor Party and the Prime Minister again in 2013 Julia Gillard June 2010 to June 2013 • born in Barry, Wales, her family migrated to Adelaide, SA in 1966 • first elected to the House of Representatives in 1998 • Gillard was the first female Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister • she was elected unopposed by the Parliamentary Labor Party in 2010 • she had served as Deputy Prime Minister for Rudd from 2007 to 2010 • in 2013, she was defeated in a leadership ballot by Rudd and resigned the following day Anthony John “Tony” Abbott September 2013 - • born in London, England to an Australian mother and English father. They migrated to Australia in 1960 • after school, Abbott studied Economics and Law at Sydney University. He is also a Rhodes Scholar, holds a Master of Arts (Politics and Philosophy) and is the author of 4 books • prior to entering Parliament, Abbott was a journalist with The Australian and The Bulletin. • he had been leader of the Liberal (Coalition) Government since December 2009

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