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Prime Ministers at the Australian National University: an Archival Guide

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Prime Ministers at the Australian National University: an Archival Guide PRIME MINISTERS AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY An Archival Guide PRIME MINISTERS AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY An Archival Guide Michael Piggott & Maggie Shapley Published by ANU eView The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://eview.anu.edu.au/ National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Piggott, Michael, 1948- Title: Prime ministers at the Australian National University : an archival guide / Michael Piggott & Maggie Shapley. ISBN: 9780980728446 (pbk.) 9780980728453 (pdf) Subjects: Australian National University. Noel Butlin Archives Centre. Prime ministers--Australia--Archives. Australia--Politics and government--Archival resources. Other Authors/Contributors: Shapley, Maggie. Dewey Number: 994.04092 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Book design and layout by Teresa Prowse, www.madebyfruitcup.com Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU eView Research for this publication was supported by the Australian Government under an Australian Prime Ministers Centre Fellowship, an initiative of the Museum of Australian Democracy Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix 1. Prime Ministers and the ANU 1 Earliest links 2 The war and its aftermath 4 Students, staff, and other connections 8 The collection connection – official documents 12 The collection connection – Butlin 13 2. Prime Ministers in the archival landscape 17 Papers of or about prime ministers 17 Prime ministers without papers 19 What’s relevant? 20 Personal papers of prime ministers 21 Archives about prime ministers 22 Prime ministerial libraries 23 The prime ministers’ portal 24 The Australian Prime Ministers Centre 26 The ANU collection 26 3. Prime Ministers in the ANU Archives 31 1. Three Labor dismissals 31 2. Hughes and conscription 37 3. Bruce the Businessman 41 4. ‘Pig Iron’ Bob 45 5. L F Fitzhardinge and W M Hughes 48 6. The IPA and three Liberal PMs 52 7. Bob Hawke and University House 56 8. Whitlam and Wave Hill 62 9. Heinz Arndt and Malcolm Fraser 68 10. The public face 71 v PRIME MINISTERS AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 4. The Archives 81 EDMUND BARTON, 1901–1903 81 STANLEY MELBOURNE BRUCE, 1923–1929 84 BEN CHIFLEY, 1945–1949 92 JOSEPH COOK, 1913–1914 102 JOHN CURTIN, 1941–1945 103 ALFRED DEAKIN, 1903–1904, 1905–1908, 1909–1910 107 ARTHUR FADDEN, 1941 110 ANDREW FISHER, 1908–1909, 1910–1913, 1914–1915 111 FRANK FORDE, 1945 113 MALCOLM FRASER, 1975–1983 115 JULIA GILLARD, 2010– 119 JOHN GORTON, 1968–1971 121 BOB HAWKE, 1983–1991 123 HAROLD HOLT, 1966–1967 135 JOHN HOWARD, 1996–2007 139 BILLY HUGHES, 1915–1923 141 PAUL KEATING, 1991–1996 155 JOE LYONS, 1932–1939 157 JOHN McEWEN, 1967–1968 160 BILLY McMAHON, 1971–1972 162 ROBERT MENZIES, 1939–1941, 1949–1966 164 EARLE PAGE, 1939 176 GEORGE REID, 1904–1905 178 KEVIN RUDD, 2007–2010 179 JAMES SCULLIN, 1929–1932 181 JOHN CHRISTIAN WATSON, 1904 184 GOUGH WHITLAM, 1972–1975 189 Index 199 vi Preface This guide arose from the happy conjunction of two different interests. The first was a fellowship awarded in 2008 by the Australian Prime Ministers Centre. The fellowship’s aim was to identify prime minister-related records in the ANU Archives. The recipient had just retired from ten years managing the University of Melbourne Archives. Its holdings, together with the collections of the ANU’s Noel Butlin Archives Centre, account for the majority of Australia’s extant business and trade union collections, and it can also boast of large holdings of social history archival heritage. He also knew something of the unexpected relationships a University’s official archival records can document. Sir Robert Menzies, for example, had been a student at the University of Melbourne, and its Chancellor between 1967 and 1972. A second stimulus was a continuing concern of the ANU Archives to publicise its collections. Archivists know that, to quote a famous Deputy Keeper of the UK Public Record Office, archives were drawn up ‘for purposes almost infinitely varying’ and ‘are potentially useful to students for the information they can give on a range of subjects totally different but equally wide’. But the ANU wanted to stress to – among many others – students, scholars, librarians and the media that the nature and content of the archives should not be taken for granted. The National Library of Australia, the National Archives of Australia and university-based prime ministerial libraries do not hold everything about Australia’s prime ministers. Nevertheless, that the university’s official archives and the business and labour collections of the Noel Butlin Archives Centre include anything on prime ministers is a surprise to most, including on occasion their biographers. As we show in Chapter 1, there is a remarkably strong connection between prime ministers and the ANU, and because of that and other factors, also between prime ministers and the ANU Archives’ collections. Our guide does not follow the standard model of an archival finding aid. However it does sit within the pattern of published guides about sources relating to prime ministers produced by the National Archives. The first appeared in 2002, and was titled Our First Six: Guide to Archives of Australia’s Prime Ministers by Susan Marsden and Roslyn Russell. It described collections in the National Archives and elsewhere relating to Barton, Deakin, Watson, Reid, Fisher and Cook. Since then others to appear have focused on individual prime ministers – Bruce, Lyons, Curtin and Holt. vii PRIME MINISTERS AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY The guide’s aim is to present, through a large sampling, a picture of the nature and wealth of relevant material held by the ANU Archives. We knew we could never achieve exhaustive coverage, even if a limit on the level of descriptive detail had been set. For a start, the collection is being added to weekly, and at twenty kilometres it is too vast for us to be sure we would locate every document on our topic. In any case, the duration of the Prime Ministers Centre fellowship set a practical boundary on the guide’s scope. Apart from offering descriptions of records, we also want to encourage the collection’s use. Therefore we have included in the guide not only photographs and reproductions of documents, but also examples of the archives in action, using them to present small prime ministerial moments from the past. Our inspiration here is Dr Klaus Neumann’s guide In the Interest of National Security: Civilian Internment in Australian during World War II (National Archives, 2006). His guide consigns the actual description of archival sources to a detailed appendix. At its core are ‘the internment histories of seven men and three women, whose records are held in the collection of the National Archives’ (p. 3). We trust our guide approximates its success, passion and interest, and brings new researchers to the ANU Archives. Michael Piggott, Australian Prime Ministers Centre Fellow 2008–2009 Maggie Shapley, University Archivist, ANU Archives viii Acknowledgements Our first acknowledgement is to those who entrust their records to the ANU Archives and allow their use for research: Australian companies, businesses, trade unions, industry councils, organisations and individuals whose records are in the Noel Butlin Archives Centre, as well as Australian National University staff, departments and organisations whose records are part of the university’s archives. In particular, Professor John Richards, Master of University House, and Professor Melanie Nolan, General Editor of the Australian Dictionary of Biography, facilitated the recent transfer of records which are now accessible through this guide. The Archives is grateful for the support of the retiring Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian Chubb, the Friends of the Noel Butlin Archives Centre, and the Australian Prime Ministers’ Centre at the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. The authors particularly thank the staff and volunteers of the ANU Archives who have alerted us to new finds and enthusiastically searched out prime ministerial material for inclusion in the guide. We thank Michael Richards, David Stephens and Denis Connor for checking the text, ANU photographers Neal McCracken, Stuart Hay and Darren Boyd for providing images, and indexer Barry Howarth. ix CHAPTER 1 Prime Ministers and the ANU The Fisher Government – the first national Labor government to win a parliamentary majority anywhere in the world – decided that Canberra would be our national capital. Four decades later, the Curtin and Chifley Labor Governments decided that our national capital needed a national university. Kevin Rudd, Annual Burgmann College Lecture, Australian National University, 27 August 2009.1 The prime ministerial presence dominates Canberra. In the nation’s psyche, the name of the prime minister and of the national capital share metonymic status as ‘The Government’. Canberra is where ‘the PM’ lives and attends parliament, and from where he or she is typically represented in the media. This is where prime ministers are sworn in, receive foreign leaders, hold summits and make their most important announcements. This is where the Prime Minister’s XI plays and prime ministers’ prizes are presented. Parliament House was not always here of course, and
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