ISSN 0898-6207 PRIMATE CONSERVATION The Journal of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Number 27 2013 Primate Conservation is produced and circulated courtesy of the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Conservation International, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Primate Conservation The journal of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA ISSN 0898-6207 Abbreviation: Primate Conserv. Editors Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Chairman Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Deputy Chair Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Vice Chair: Section on Great Apes – Liz Williamson, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK Vice-Chair: Section on Small Apes – Benjamin M. Rawson, Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK Regional Vice-Chairs – Neotropics Mesoamerica – Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Andean Countries – Erwin Palacios, Conservation International Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Eckhard W. Heymann, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany Brazil and the Guianas – M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Vale Natural Reserve/Vale SA, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil; Maurício Talebi, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil Regional Vice Chairs – Africa W. Scott McGraw, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; David N. M. Mbora, Whittier College, Whittier, California, USA; Janette Wallis, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, c/o Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol, UK; Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust – Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar Regional Vice Chairs – Asia China – Long Yongcheng, The Nature Conservancy, China Southeast Asia / Indochina – Jatna Supriatna, Conservation International Indonesia Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; Christian Roos, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany; Ramesh Boonratana, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand South Asia – Sally Walker, Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Sanjay Molur, Wildlife Information Liaison Development, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC, USA IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group logo courtesy of Stephen D. Nash, 2002. Front cover: The bonnet macaque Macaca radiata. Two mothers and their infants on the roadside in the north of the species’ range in Goa, India. Photo by Asmita Sengupta. See page 109. This issue of Primate Conservation was kindly sponsored by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Virginia, USA, the Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, California, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Contents Neotropical Region Primate Surveys in the Marañón-Huallaga Landscape, Northern Peru with Notes on Conservation .......................................3 Sam Shanee, Noga Shanee and Néstor Allgas-Marchena Strategies for the Conservation of Two Critically Endangered, Endemic Primates in Panama ............................................................13 Pedro Méndez-Carvajal, Ivelisse Ruiz-Bernard, Yarelis González, Kenia Sánchez, Valeria Franco, Somaly Silva and Glenis De León Madagascar Rapid Survey and Assessment of the Northern Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur septentrionalis, in Northern Madagascar ..........23 Jean Freddy Ranaivoarisoa, John R. Zaonarivelo, Runhua Lei, Steig E. Johnson, Tracy M. Wyman, Russell A. Mittermeier and Edward E. Louis Jr. Large-culmed Bamboos in Madagascar: Distribution and Field Identification of the Primary Food Sources of the Critically Endangered Greater Bamboo Lemur Prolemur simus............................................................................................33 Tony King, H. L. Lucien Randrianarimanana, Laingoniaina H. F. Rakotonirina, T. Hasimija Mihaminekena, Z. Anselmo Andrianandrasana, Maherisoa Ratolojanahary, Hery N. T. Randriahaingo, Tianasoa Ratolojanahary, Jean Rafalimandimby, Anjara Bonaventure, Andry Rajaonson, Maholy Ravaloharimanitra, M. Tovonanahary Rasolofoharivelo, Rainer Dolch and Jonah H. Ratsimbazafy Africa Guidelines for the Rehabilitation and Release of Vervet Monkeys ...............................................................................................55 Amanda J. Guy and Darren Curnoe Status of Zanzibar Red Colobus and Sykes’s Monkeys in Two Coastal Forests in 2005 ............................................................65 Katarzyna Nowak and Phyllis C. Lee Announcement – Vocal Profiles for the Galagos: A Tool for Identification ..................................................................................75 Asia Conservation and the Current Status of the Golden Langur in Assam, India, with Reference to Bhutan ...............................77 R. H. Horwich, R. Das and A. Bose Habitat Use and Documentation of a Historic Decline of Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India .........................................................................................................................................................................85 Samuel V. Pachuau Qamar Qureshi, Bilal Habib and Vincent Nijman Identifying Habitat Connectivity for Isolated Populations of Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) in Valparai Plateau, Western Ghats, India ..........................................................................................................................................91 Kamalakumari Anitha, Anandadas Aneesh, Rajeev Raghavan, Arun Kanagavel, Toms Augustine and Shijo Joseph Food Habits and Habitat Use Patterns of Sri Lanka’s Western Purple-faced Langur ...........................................................................99 Rasanayagam Rudran, H. G. Salindra K. Dayananda, D. D. Jayamanne and D. G. R. Sirimanne Of Concern Yet? Distribution and Conservation Status of the Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) in Goa, India .......................... 109 Asmita Sengupta and Sindhu Radhakrishna The Eastern Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) in Eastern Arunachal Pradesh, India .....................................................115 Awadhesh Kumar, Kuladip Sarma, Murali Krishna and Ashalata Devi Conservation Prospects for the Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) in the Forests of Sirsi-Honnavara, Western Ghats, India .......................................................................................................................................................................125 Kumar Santhosh, Vijay Mohan Raj and Honnavalli Nagaraj Kumara Primate Conservation 2013 (27): 3–11 Primate Surveys in the Marañón-Huallaga Landscape, Northern Peru with Notes on Conservation Sam Shanee¹, Noga Shanee¹ and Néstor Allgas-Marchena²,³ ¹Neotropical Primate Conservation, Manchester, UK ²Neotropical Primate Conservation Peru, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Peru ³Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru Abstract: With about 50 species and subspecies, the diversity of primates in Peru is amongst the highest in the world. Primate field surveys, however, are still scarce for many areas. Peru’s northern forests lie at the heart of the Tropical Andes and are home to four of the country’s endemic primates: Aotus miconax, Callicebus oenanthe, Oreonax flavicauda, and Saguinus leucogenys. We present here an overview of results from more than five years of primate surveys in northern Peru. Surveys were carried out in the valleys and intervening highlands between the ríos Marañón and Huallaga in the departments of Amazonas, La Libertad, Huánuco and San Martín. Data were gathered between March 2007 and October 2012 from 36 locations at 26 sites. Surveys were carried out as part of biological inventories in proposed conservation areas. In all, 14 species were recorded from 11 genera. The pres- ence or absence of a species was largely determined by altitude. The four endemic species were present in the majority of survey sites. The most common species encountered were Oreonax flavicauda, Ateles belzebuth, Cebus yuracus, and Aotus miconax. The highest species diversities were found at lower altitudes further from human development, although some species previously registered in these regions were not encountered. All areas visited suffered from at least some anthropogenic disturbance, with the majority showing high levels of habitat disturbance, deforestation and hunting. Keywords: Río Marañón, Río Huallaga, altitude, cloud forest, deforestation, conservation Resumen: Con aproximadamente 50 especies y subespecies, Perú posee una de las mayores diversidades de primates entre todos los países del mundo, pero los estudios de campo son escasos en muchas áreas. Los bosques del Norte del Perú se encuentran en el corazón de los Andes Tropicales y son el hogar de cuatro especies de primates endémicos. Presentamos una visión general de los resultados de más de cinco años de trabajo de campo con primates en el Norte del Perú. Los trabajos fueron realizados