DOCSLIB.ORG

Dean Gilligan and Prof

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dean Gilligan and Prof Population Genetics of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the Murray-Darling Basin Gwilym David Haynes A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2009 Declaration This thesis is submitted to the University of Sydney in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. Apart from the assistance mentioned in the acknowledgements and the contribution of the research paper co-authors listed below, the work described in this thesis was executed by the author, who also had substantial input into planning of the projects. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. Signature:……………………………………………. Date:…………………..... ii Contribution of Co-authors Chapter 3: Population genetics of a globally invasive species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: evidence for multiple introductions and genetic structure, with suggested management units Dr. D.M. Gilligan selected the sample sites, organised and coordinated the collection of fish samples from the Murray-Darling Basin and Prospect Reservoir and assisted in manuscript preparation. Dr. P. Grewe offered extensive technical advice, made genotyping equipment available and assisted with manuscript preparation. Prof. F. Nicholas supervised the project, contributed to extensive discussions concerning data analysis and interpretation, and performed extensive manuscript editing. Chapter 4: Invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Australia: origin of founding strains and population genetics of coastal waterways Dr. D.M. Gilligan selected the sample sites, organised and coordinated the collection of common carp samples from the Murray-Darling Basin, Prospect Reservoir, the Hunter and Hawkesbury-Nepean catchments and assisted in manuscript preparation. Dr. P. Grewe offered extensive technical advice, made genotyping equipment available and assisted with manuscript preparation. Prof. F. Nicholas supervised the project, contributed to extensive discussions concerning data analysis and interpretation, and performed extensive manuscript editing. Prof. C. Moran assisted with manuscript preparation and provided technical and analytical advice. Chapter 6: Rapid identification of maternal lineages in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using real-time PCR and high resolution melt-curve analysis Dr. J. Gongora assisted with implementation of software analysis and manuscript preparation. iii Prof. F. Nicholas supervised the project, contributed to extensive discussions concerning data analysis and interpretation, and performed extensive manuscript editing. Dr. K.R. Zenger offered the original idea for the research paper and assisted with manuscript preparation. I certify that the above statement about my contribution to the research papers in this Ph.D. thesis is true and accurate, and give Gwilym Haynes full permission to submit these journal articles as part of his Ph.D. thesis. D.M. Gilligan Signature: Date:10 June 2008 P. Grewe Signature: Date: 30 May 2008. F. Nicholas Signature: Date:25 June 2008. C. Moran Signature:………………………… Date:…………………........ J. Gongora Signature:………………………… Date:…………………........ K.R. Zenger Signature: Date: 2 June 2008 iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Frank Nicholas, who has been my primary supervisor throughout the duration of this project. His keen insight, objective reasoning and endless patience have helped me greatly in developing my research and critical thinking skills. I am also indebted to my associate supervisors Dr. Peter Grewe, Dr. Dean Gilligan and Prof. Chris Moran, without whom I would not have been able to complete this research. I would like to thank Dr. Klaus Kohlmann and Dr. Bernd Hänfling for supplying most of the “overseas” samples in my project; the Australian Koi Farm in Bringelly, NSW, for donating samples of Japanese koi carp; and Pets on Broadway in Camperdown, NSW, for donating samples of goldfish. I thank Leanne Faulks, Vanessa Carracher, Peter Boyd, Dean Hartwell, and Cameron McGregor from the NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW; Ben Smith from the South Australian Research & Development Institute; Michael Hutchinson and Stephanie Backhouse from the Queensland Department of Primary Industries; Paul Brown from the Victorian Department of Primary Industries; and Dr. Jawahar Patil from CSIRO Marine Laboratories in Hobart for collecting samples from Australia. I am also very grateful to colleagues in the former Pest Animal Control CRC and its successor the Invasive Animals CRC, especially Tony Peacock, Brad Tucker, Wayne Fulton Kylie Hall and Diane Holloway, for providing my scholarship, for facilitating my research, and for encouraging my participation in CRC activities. I thank Lee Miles and Dr. Jaime Gongora for assistance with calling genotypes; Lee Ann Rollins, Dr. Jaime Gongora and Dr. Kyall Zenger for assistance with manuscript preparation; and Zung Doan for technical support. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family in my hometown of Adelaide, in Sydney, in New Zealand and around the world. Their kind support has been invaluable. v Funding support was provided by the Fisheries R&D Corporation, the Murray-Darling Basin Commission, the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre (formerly the Pest Animal Control CRC), the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of Sydney. vi Abstract Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) are a highly invasive species of freshwater fish in Australia. Native to Eurasia, they can be separated into 3-4 different subspecies and innumerable aquaculture and ornamental strains. They have been introduced into Australia on a number of occasions and were established in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia’s largest and most important river system, by the 1920s. The release of a new aquaculture strain in the late 1960s, followed by extensive flooding in the mid 1970s, resulted in an explosion of common carp numbers. They are now the dominant species in this river system, and cause extensive ecological damage by competing with native freshwater species and by their feeding mode, in which they suck up mud, filter it through their gill rakers and expel water and fine particles through their gill opening. This feeding mode has been linked to increases in water turbidity, algal blooms, damage to river banks, loss of aquatic vegetation, alterations to the trophic cascade of ecosystems and declines in native fish. However, the effects of carp are difficult to discern from other factors degrading waterways and affecting native fish, such as flow regulation, irrigation and land clearing. There is substantial public interest in the control of common carp. Australians find them unpalatable, considering them too bony and their flesh poor in taste. Subsequently, they are undesirable for recreational fishing and few commercial markets exist in Australia. In addition, as mentioned above, they are suspected of exerting a detrimental effect on the aquatic environment. In fact, carp are currently considered by fisheries biologists as the worst freshwater pest fish in many of the countries where they have been introduced. The cost of management in Australia has been estimated at a total of $15.8 million annually, with $2 million spent on research, $2 million on management, and $11.8 million on remediation of environmental impacts. Previous population genetic studies on carp in Australia identified four strains: Prospect, Boolara, Yanco and Japanese koi. Interbreeding has been recorded between the Yanco and Boolara strain, and there is no reason to believe that it cannot occur between the other carp strains also. Hybridisation between carp and goldfish (Carassius auratus) has also been detected in the MDB, but the level of introgression between the two species has not been quantified. Some genetic structuring of carp within the MDB has been identified previously, although there was little clear pattern to this structuring. vii The main aims of this Ph.D. study were: 1. to characterise the population genetic structure and level of genetic diversity of carp in the MDB; 2. to discern the history of introduction and spread of carp in the MDB; 3. to identify barriers to gene flow in the MDB, and from this data propose management units for control programs. In addition, a number of side projects were also initiated with the following aims: 4. to discern the origin of the different strains of common carp that have been introduced into Australia; 5. to investigate the population genetics of three carp populations in separate waterways on the east coast of Australia; 6. to optimise PCR of microsatellite loci in both carp and goldfish; 7. to characterise the level of introgression between feral carp and goldfish in the MDB; and 8. to develop a protocol for the screening of sequence variants in the mitochondrial control region using real-time PCR and high-resolution melt-curve analysis technology. Common carp were collected from every major river in the MDB. In rivers with major dams, carp were collected from both above and below these impoundments. Additionally, feral carp were collected from Prospect Reservoir (source of the Prospect strain) in the Sydney Basin; Japanese koi carp and domestic mirror-scaled carp
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review and Updated Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status
    Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2017), 4(Suppl. 1): 1–114 Received: October 18, 2016 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: February 30, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2017 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Hamidreza MEHRABAN1, Keivan ABBASI2, Yazdan KEIVANY3, Brian W. COAD4 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center. Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran 3Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 4Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada *Email: [email protected] Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic and zoogeographical research on the Iranian inland ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of J.J. Heckel (1846-1849), the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. This article lists 288 species in 107 genera, 28 families, 22 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Professionals Australia's Response on Behalf of Members in Relation to The
    Professionals Australia’s response on behalf of members in relation to the proposed restructure PA met with engineers who work in the Engineering Division on two occasions at WNSW Parramatta offices with members dialling-in from regional NSW. PA encouraged members to put forward their professional views on the proposed restructure on whether it addressed existing problems. PA has received some very detailed responses from our members. It is clear there is a high level of concern that the restructure will have undesired impacts on both employees and the functions of Engineering. Many members have taken the opportunity to respond directly to the WNSW email address set up for feedback. This submission does not repeat those comments. This submission is concerned with the first order issue – Does the restructure enhance the undertaking of engineering functions by WaterNSW or not? The next level of concerns which appear to be the main focus of the input provided via the WNSW email are the detail of position descriptions and the arrangements for filling the structure. We understand such matters have also attracted a large number of comments and concerns from members. However, those issues arise only when the first order issue is satisfied. The focus of this submission is whether the restructure has accurately identified the deficiencies and whether the proposal will address those deficiencies. What can a restructure address? A restructure can address issues such as resourcing levels, specific function focus and functional alignment. It cannot address issues caused by dysfunctional organisational behaviour, lack of effective processes, etc. Does the restructure enhance engineering functions at WNSW? The view of WNSW engineers is that overall the restructure will not result in the enhanced performance of the engineering functions required by WNSW.
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Water in 1788 Was the Little Stream That Wound Its Way from Near a Day Tour of the Water Supply Hyde Park Through the Centre of the Town Into Sydney Cove
    In the beginning Sydney’s first water supply from the time of its settlement Sydney Water in 1788 was the little stream that wound its way from near A day tour of the water supply Hyde Park through the centre of the town into Sydney Cove. It became known as the Tank Stream. By 1811 it dams south of Sydney was hardly fit for drinking. Water was then drawn from wells or carted from a creek running into Rushcutter’s Bay. The Tank Stream was still the main water supply until 1826. In this whole-day tour by car you will see the major dams, canals and pipelines that provide water to Sydney. Some of these works still in use were built around 1880. The round trip tour from Sydney is around 350 km., all on good roads and motorway. The tour is through attractive countryside south Engines at Botany Pumping Station (demolished) of Sydney, and there are good picnic areas and playgrounds at the dam sites. source of supply. In 1854 work started on the Botany Swamps Scheme, which began to deliver water in 1858. The Scheme included a series of dams feeding a pumping station near the present Sydney Airport. A few fragments of the pumping station building remain and can be seen Tank stream in 1840, from a water-colour by beside General Holmes Drive. Water was pumped to two J. Skinner Prout reservoirs, at Crown Street (still in use) and Paddington (not in use though its remains still exist). The ponds known as Lachlan Swamp (now Centennial Park) only 3 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Diversity Within the Prussian Carp and Designation of a Neotype for Carassius Gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
    11 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-18, 2 figs., 2 tabs., June 2012 © 2012 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Lukáš Kalous*, Jörg Bohlen**, Katerina Rylková* and Miloslav Petrtýl* A phylogeny of the genus Carassius using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene supported the monophyly and distinctness of the species C. carassius, C. auratus, C. langsdorfii and C. cuvieri. In contrast, the samples of C. gibelio did not form a monophyletic lineage, but separated into two clades, suggesting the inclusion of two species under the name C. gibelio. In order to clarify the identity of C. gibelio, a neotype is designated and briefly described. Introduction Due to the high morphological similarity between species of Carassius and the intraspe- The cyprinid genus Carassius is widespread across cific variability of morphological characters Europe and North and East Asia. At least five (Hensel, 1971; Lusk & Baruš, 1978; Vasileva, 1990; species are considered as valid: C. carassius (Lin- Vasileva & Vasilev, 2000) the definition of species naeus, 1758) in most of Europe and western Si- is not always sure, especially in the case of the beria (Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007), C. langsdorfii most widespread species C. gibelio and C. auratus. (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) and C. cuvieri (Tem- In the case of C. gibelio, the situation is more minck & Schlegel, 1846) in Japan (Hosoya, 2002; complicated by the simultaneous occurrence of Yamamoto et al., 2010), C. auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) diploid (2n = 100) and triploid (2n ≈ 150) indi- in mainland East Asia (Rylková et al., 2010) and viduals in many populations (Halacka et al., 2003; C.
    [Show full text]
  • BANDING PROJECT REPORT No.5 Prospect Nature Reserve, New
    Corella, 2017, 41: 48-52 BANDING PROJECT REPORT No.5 Prospect Nature Reserve, New South Wales (Abridged version – complete paper can be accessed at www.absa.asn.au) Aim: Avian research at Prospect Nature Reserve has been Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). conducted as part of an ongoing longitudinal study to document Within Prospect Nature Reserve, both Shale Plains Woodland and monitor the avian faunas occupying remnant areas of and Shale Hills Woodland elements of the Cumberland Plain Cumberland Plain Woodland in the north-western sector of the Woodland are present (Tozer 2003). Cumberland Plain. Other study sites include: Scheyville National Park (Egan et al. 1997), Agnes Banks Nature Reserve (Farrell Approximately two-thirds of the reserve has been mapped et al. 2012), Nurragingy Reserve (Farrell et al. 2015), Windsor as Shale Hills Woodland, with a canopy comprising Grey Box Downs Nature Reserve and Wianamatta Nature Reserve. Eucalyptus moluccana, Forest Red Gum E. tereticornis and Narrow-leaved Ironbark E. crebra, and a shrubby understorey Location: 33° 48′ S; 150° 54′ E. Elevation 61 metres above sea dominated by Blackthorn Bursaria spinosa. The remainder level. The reserve is located at Prospect, approximately five of the reserve is Shale Plains Woodland, with E. moluccana, kilometres south of Blacktown. E. tereticornis, Spotted Gum Corymbia maculata and Thin- leaved Stringybark E. eugenioides representing the dominant Description: Prospect Nature Reserve (Fig. 1) borders Prospect canopy species, and an understorey similar to that of Shale Hills Reservoir and comprises an area of 325.3 hectares. Woodland. The study site (Fig. 1) contains both Shale Hills and Shale Plains Woodlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Carp, Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)
    Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, June 2018 Web Version, 8/16/2018 Photo: A. Benson, USGS. Public domain. Available: https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551. (June 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Jennings (1988): “The bighead carp is endemic to eastern China, […] in the lowland rivers of the north China plain and South China, including the Huai (Huai Ho), Yangtze, Pearl, West (Si Kiang), Han Chiang and Min rivers (Herre 1934; Mori 1936; Chang 1966; Chunsheng et al. 1980).” Status in the United States From Nico et al. (2018): “This species has been recorded from within, or along the borders of, at least 18 states. There is evidence of reproducing populations in the middle and lower Mississippi and Missouri rivers and the species is apparently firmly established in the states of Illinois and Missouri (Burr et al. 1996; Pflieger 1997). Pflieger (1997) received first evidence of natural reproduction, capture of young 1 bighead carp, in Missouri in 1989. Burr and Warren (1993) reported on the taking of a postlarval fish in southern Illinois in 1992. Subsequently, Burr et al. (1996) noted that bighead carp appeared to be using the lower reaches of the Big Muddy, Cache, and Kaskaskia rivers in Illinois as spawning areas. Tucker et al. (1996) also found young-of-the-year in their 1992 and 1994 collections in the Mississippi River of Illinois and Missouri. Douglas et al. (1996) collected more than 1600 larvae of this genus from a backwater outlet of the Black River in Louisiana in 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Submission on the Environmental Impact of Badgerys Creek Airport
    Submission on the environmental impact of Badgerys Creek airport. Dr Anthony Green, Visiting Principal Research Fellow, Microsimulation Risk Group, University of Wollongong 17/12/15 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Federal and New South Wales State Government have released a preliminary Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the operation of a new double runway class 1 airport by 2060. This follows a report in 2012 on the joint Study on Aviation Capacity in the Sydney Region and publication of preliminary plans for the new airport operation in 2014 together with the preliminary EIS for the proposed Airport. This reports concentrates on the decision that an airport is actually needed within the Sydney Basin and the risks associated with siting this airport at Badgerys Creek which have not been adequately assessed within those documents. The forecasts on aircraft flights were based on unrestrained projections. There is no interaction considered with other systems that would limit these forecasts. As a result all passenger numbers, aircraft movements and employment figures are over stated. Furthermore the loss to the economy from not building Badgerys Creek airport are not as great as stated and the cost benefit in building the airport is questionable. The unreliability of forecasts is demonstrated in the forecast for 2014 from 2010 which is 10% higher than the number of aircraft movements that actually occurred in 2014. KSA already has an additional 10% capacity compared to the forecasts. The document also demonstrates that there was no cost benefit comparison with alternative forms of transport or with integrated transport systems. Since 42% of aircraft movements in 2014, were to Brisbane, Canberra, Coolangatta or Melbourne a cost benefit comparison of benefits and risks should have been undertaken involving integrated transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus Elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications Summer 2020 Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River Dakota S. Radford Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Radford, Dakota S., "Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River" (2020). Masters Theses. 4806. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4806 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AGING TECHNIQUES & POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BLUE SUCKERS (CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS) IN THE LOWER WABASH RIVER By Dakota S. Radford B.S. Environmental Biology Eastern Illinois University A thesis prepared for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Thesis abstract .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Carp Status Report
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat National Capital Region Science Advisory Report 2005/001 ASIAN CARP STATUS REPORT Figure 1: Map of DFO’s six administrative regions. § Photo credits (from top to bottom): Grass Carp, Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; Bighead Carp, David Riecks, University of Illinois; Silver Carp, [email protected]; and Black Carp, Leo G. Nico. Context The intentional or accidental release of non-native species into Canadian waters poses a threat to native species and overall biodiversity. Non-native species can alter habitat, compete with native species for food or habitat, prey upon native species, and act as vectors for new diseases or parasites that could spread to native species. There is also a risk of introducing non-native genes into native populations through hybridisation. Any of these effects could have further widespread, detrimental impacts on native species and communities. Four species of Asian carp (grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)) have been imported into the United States for use in aquaculture, and for the biological control of aquatic vegetation and parasites. Although all species were brought in for culture, and often triploid strains were developed and maintained, all four species have escaped into the wild. Self-sustaining populations of three of these species (grass, bighead and silver carps) have been established, particularly in the Mississippi drainage. Grass and bighead carps are the two species reported to be imported live into Canada for the live food fish industry, particularly in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Black carp has been historically reported as imported and silver carp has been observed for sale, but not officially reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix and H. Nobilis)
    carpsAB_covers 6/30/15 9:33 AM Page 1 BIGHEADED CARPS (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) An Annotated Bibliography on Literature Composed from 1970 to 2014 Extension Service Forest and Wildlife Research Center The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended. Copyright 2015 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service. By Andrew Smith, Extension Associate Biologist, MSU Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts. We are an equal opportunity employer, and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, Compiled by Andrew L. Smith national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. Edited by Steve Miranda, PhD, and Wes Neal, PhD Publication 2890 Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. GARY B. JACKSON, Director (500-06-15) carpsAB_covers 6/30/15 9:33 AM Page 3 Bigheaded Carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis): An Annotated Bibliography on Literature Composed from 1970 to 2014 Compiled by Andrew L. Smith Mississippi State University Extension Service Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Forest and Wildlife Research Center Edited by Steve Miranda, PhD Wes Neal, PhD Andrew L.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bigheaded Carps in Mississippi
    BIGHEADED CARPS IN MISSISSIPPI Extension Service Forest and Wildlife Research Center Copyright 2015 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service. By Andrew Smith, Extension Associate Biologist, MSU Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts. We are an equal opportunity employer, and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. Publication 2891 Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. GARY B. JACKSON, Director (500-06-15) “Bigheaded carps” is a name assigned to a group of closely related fish that includes silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis). Bigheaded carps were introduced into the United States in Arkansas in 1973 for biological control of phytoplankton in eutrophic (high-nutrient-level) water bodies. By the mid-1970s, silver carp were being distributed and raised at six state, federal, and private facilities for aquaculture production and biological control in manmade aquatic facilities (aquaculture ponds and sewage treatment lagoons). Silver carp (top) and bighead carp. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee
    [Show full text]