DOCSLIB.ORG

Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix and H. Nobilis)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix and H. Nobilis) carpsAB_covers 6/30/15 9:33 AM Page 1 BIGHEADED CARPS (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) An Annotated Bibliography on Literature Composed from 1970 to 2014 Extension Service Forest and Wildlife Research Center The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended. Copyright 2015 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service. By Andrew Smith, Extension Associate Biologist, MSU Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts. We are an equal opportunity employer, and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, Compiled by Andrew L. Smith national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. Edited by Steve Miranda, PhD, and Wes Neal, PhD Publication 2890 Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. GARY B. JACKSON, Director (500-06-15) carpsAB_covers 6/30/15 9:33 AM Page 3 Bigheaded Carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis): An Annotated Bibliography on Literature Composed from 1970 to 2014 Compiled by Andrew L. Smith Mississippi State University Extension Service Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Forest and Wildlife Research Center Edited by Steve Miranda, PhD Wes Neal, PhD Andrew L. Smith is an Invasive Species Extension Associate for the Mississippi State University Extension Service and Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture in the College of Forest Resources at MSU. The author offers special thanks to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center’s Environmental Laboratory team—Jack Killgore, Todd Slack, Bill Lancaster, Catherine Murphy, Steven George, Phil Kirk, Bradley Lewis, and Jay Collins—for their contributions in the field and for allowing us to sample with them and tour their facilities. Thanks also to Duane Chapman (U.S. Geological Survey), Steve Miranda (Mississippi State Uni- versity), and Wes Neal (Mississippi State University) for their contributions in the editorial phase of this bibliography. And thanks to Bruce Leopold for allocating the resources necessary to produce this document. Contents Introduction . 1 Annotated Bibliography . 5 Broad Synopsis Material . 5 Taxonomy (Genetics) . 6 Taxonomy (Morphology & Physiology) . 6 Distribution (Introduced Waters) . 7 Distribution (Expansion) . 9 Natural History (Dispersal & Habitat) . 11 Natural History (Reproduction) . 13 Natural History (Growth, Feeding, & Survival) . 15 Natural History (Mortality & Diseases) . 18 Environmental Effects (Plankton Communities) . 19 Environmental Effects (Fish Communities) . 21 Buffalofish . 23 Gizzard Shad . 23 American Paddlefish . 23 Environmental Effects (Potential Effects) . 24 Economic Effects . 25 Management (Barrier Options & Other Strategies) . 27 Management (Biological Control) . 30 Management (Miscellaneous Management) . 32 Management (Commercial Harvest) . 34 Cited References . 35 Appendix A – List of Species Mentioned in Annotations . 36 Appendix B – Glossary of Terms Used in Bibliography . 37 Author Index . 41 Photo courtesy of Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Silver carp (top) and bighead carp (bottom) (Photo courtesy of Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee) Introduction The family Cyprinidae is the largest family of freshwater Gavin’s Point Dam, an area of the Missouri River that repre- fish in existence. This diverse family encompasses some sents a large northwest section of the Mississippi River basin 3,268 species of fish, ranging from goldfish (Carassius aura- (Chapman, USGS, personal communication). While some tus) to the widely introduced Asian carp (Nelson 2006). native predatory fish such as blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Although there are nine species of Asian carp that have been and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), as well as some introduced outside of their native range, this annotated bibli- piscivorous birds such as brown pelicans (Pelecanus occi- ography will focus primarily on the genus Hypoph- dentalis), white pelicans (P. erythrorhynchos), and great blue thalmichthys (the bigheaded carps), with an emphasis on the herons (Ardea herodias), will prey on bigheaded carps, this two species of most concern in the southeastern United predation is insufficient to control carp populations. Their States: silver carp (H. molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis), evolutionary, natural predators reside in eastern Asia. With regarding their invasive progression throughout North Amer- no natural predators or other mechanisms of control, these ica. Asian carp are considered to be among the most impor- voracious, planktivorous feeders could pose a serious threat tant fish worldwide in terms of aquaculture production. They to native fauna and their environment, potentially altering have been continuously used and introduced outside of their ecosystem dynamics and function (Kolar et al. 2007). Their native range for centuries in applications such as in the fish populations appear to be increasing exponentially (Chick and food industry and in the biological control of plankton in Pegg 2001), and they are aggressively outcompeting and manmade aquatic facilities (reservoirs, sewage treatment possibly displacing native fish from resources such as qual- lagoons, and aquaculture ponds) (Kolar et al. 2007). This ity feeding areas and desirable habitat. Bigheaded carps practice has recently caused an increase in management recruitment is typically strong during years of high water, strategies that protect native fauna and ensure biodiversity, and the high-water years that occurred in the 1990s were ecosystem integrity and function, and human safety. likely important in the subsequent population growth (Chap- Bighead carp and silver carp are heavy-bodied fish with man, personal communication). As their populations con- low-positioned eyes in proximity to their ventral surface. tinue to become denser and expand, availability of resources They have scaleless heads. This genus of carp (Hypoph- that are essential to native species could become less readily thalmichthys) has been used in the United States since the available. If this species reaches carrying capacity, the results early 1970s and has become established in rivers and associ- could be even worse. However, it should be noted that in ated backwaters following its escape from confinement in some areas of the lower Missouri River, where bighead carp the 1970s (silver carp) and 1980s (bighead carp). Reproduc- are quite rare (almost certainly due to competition from sil- ing populations occur throughout much of the Mississippi ver carp), Asian carp have likely approached their carrying River basin; no bigheaded carps have been reported above capacity as the condition factor of these fish has bottomed 1 al. 1986). During early development, most fish species depend on plankton as a nonre- placeable resource. Diminishment of this resource could have harmful cascading effects throughout the trophic tiers of these ecosystems. These impacts are likely to manifest in years to come and could have severe ecological, societal, and economic effects as Asian carp populations continue to expand throughout North America’s water- ways. Asian carp also have effects on human populations, directly and indirectly. The sounds and vibrations emitted by boats cause these fish to leap from the water, which can cause collisions and serious injuries to boaters. Silver and bigheaded carp are heavy-bodied fish and, in nonnative waters of the United States, are capable of reaching a body mass of about 40 pounds for silver carp and about 100 pounds for big- headed carp. Silver and silver x bigheaded carp hybrids (which have the potential to jump and superficially resemble bigheaded out and growth has become much slower in the presence of carp) pose a direct threat to recreational users. According to intense competition. Duane Chapman of the U.S. Geological reports from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Survey reported catching six emaciated bighead carp among injuries have included cuts, broken bones, concussions, black hundreds of silver carp in an area about as far upstream as eyes, and back injuries. While bigheaded carp are typically adult Asian carp will go (personal communication). This sug- more languid than silver carp and do not normally jump from gests that the emaciated bighead carp were likely searching for water that had not yet been filtered by the abundant silver carp, and possi- bly still contained an efficient amount of plankton. However, lower-order streams (i.e., headwaters) are primarily reliant on allochtho- nous energy inputs, and plankton (both phyto- plankton and zooplankton) is not a primary component of the trophic web. Filter-feeding fish are generally absent from lower-order streams because there isn’t much to filter. Fil- ter-feeding fish may be coming to these lower- order streams because the plankton supply in higher-order streams has been depleted. Bighead and silver carp typically feed on
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web
    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society ISSN: 0002-8487 (Print) 1548-8659 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utaf20 Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web Hongyan Zhang, Edward S. Rutherford, Doran M. Mason, Jason T. Breck, Marion E. Wittmann, Roger M. Cooke, David M. Lodge, John D. Rothlisberger, Xinhua Zhu & Timothy B. Johnson To cite this article: Hongyan Zhang, Edward S. Rutherford, Doran M. Mason, Jason T. Breck, Marion E. Wittmann, Roger M. Cooke, David M. Lodge, John D. Rothlisberger, Xinhua Zhu & Timothy B. Johnson (2016) Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 145:1, 136-162, DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 © 2016 The Author(s). Published with View supplementary material license by American Fisheries Society© Hongyan Zhang, Edward S. Rutherford, Doran M. Mason, Jason T. Breck, Marion E. Wittmann, Roger M. Cooke, David M. Lodge, Published online: 30 Dec 2015. Submit your article to this journal John D. Rothlisberger, Xinhua Zhu, Timothy B. Johnson Article views: 1095 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=utaf20 Download by: [University of Strathclyde] Date: 02 March 2016, At: 02:30 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:136–162, 2016 Published with license by American Fisheries Society 2016 ISSN: 0002-8487 print / 1548-8659 online DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 ARTICLE Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web Hongyan Zhang* Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 4840 South State Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA Edward S.
    [Show full text]
  • Carp, Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)
    Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, June 2018 Web Version, 8/16/2018 Photo: A. Benson, USGS. Public domain. Available: https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551. (June 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Jennings (1988): “The bighead carp is endemic to eastern China, […] in the lowland rivers of the north China plain and South China, including the Huai (Huai Ho), Yangtze, Pearl, West (Si Kiang), Han Chiang and Min rivers (Herre 1934; Mori 1936; Chang 1966; Chunsheng et al. 1980).” Status in the United States From Nico et al. (2018): “This species has been recorded from within, or along the borders of, at least 18 states. There is evidence of reproducing populations in the middle and lower Mississippi and Missouri rivers and the species is apparently firmly established in the states of Illinois and Missouri (Burr et al. 1996; Pflieger 1997). Pflieger (1997) received first evidence of natural reproduction, capture of young 1 bighead carp, in Missouri in 1989. Burr and Warren (1993) reported on the taking of a postlarval fish in southern Illinois in 1992. Subsequently, Burr et al. (1996) noted that bighead carp appeared to be using the lower reaches of the Big Muddy, Cache, and Kaskaskia rivers in Illinois as spawning areas. Tucker et al. (1996) also found young-of-the-year in their 1992 and 1994 collections in the Mississippi River of Illinois and Missouri. Douglas et al. (1996) collected more than 1600 larvae of this genus from a backwater outlet of the Black River in Louisiana in 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus Elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications Summer 2020 Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River Dakota S. Radford Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Radford, Dakota S., "Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus elongatus) in the Lower Wabash River" (2020). Masters Theses. 4806. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4806 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AGING TECHNIQUES & POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BLUE SUCKERS (CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS) IN THE LOWER WABASH RIVER By Dakota S. Radford B.S. Environmental Biology Eastern Illinois University A thesis prepared for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Thesis abstract .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries and Aquaculture
    Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation 7. GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development through Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper - 4 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE Yangon, June 2016 5. MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. BACKGROUND 5 2.1. Strategic value of the Myanmar fisheries industry 5 3. SPECIFIC AREAS/ASPECTS OF THEMATIC AREA UNDER REVIEW 7 3.1. Marine capture fisheries 7 3.2. Inland capture fisheries 17 3.3. Leasable fisheries 22 3.4 Aquaculture 30 4. DETAILED DISCUSSIONS ON EACH CULTURE SYSTEM 30 4.1. Freshwater aquaculture 30 4.2. Brackishwater aquaculture 36 4.3. Postharvest processing 38 5. INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT 42 5.1. Management institutions 42 5.2. Human resource development 42 5.3. Policy 42 6. KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS TO SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 44 6.1. Marine fisheries 44 6.2. Inland fisheries 44 6.3. Leasable fisheries 45 6.4. Aquaculture 45 6.5. Departmental emphasis on management 47 6.6. Institutional fragmentation 48 6.7. Human resource development infrastructure is poor 49 6.8. Extension training 50 6.9. Fisheries academies 50 6.10. Academia 50 7. KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 52 i MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture 7.1. Empowerment of fishing communities in marine protected areas (mpas) 52 7.2. Reduction of postharvest spoilage 52 7.3. Expansion of pond culture 52 7.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogen Susceptibility of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) and Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis) in the Wabash River Watershed
    Pathogen Susceptibility of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in the Wabash River Watershed FINAL REPORT Kensey Thurner PhD Student Maria S Sepúlveda, Reuben Goforth, Cecon Mahapatra Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Jon Amberg, US Geological Service, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603 Eric Leis, US Fish and Widlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, WI 54650 9/22/2014 Silver Carp (top) and Bighead Carp (bottom) caught in the Tippecanoe River, Photos by Alison Coulter Final Report 9/22/2014 - Page 2 Executive Summary The Pathogen Susceptibility of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in the Wabash River Watershed project was undertaken to address the lack of available information regarding pathogens in the highly invasive Silver and Bighead Carps, collectively known as bigheaded carps. Very little is known about the prevalence and effects of parasites, bacteria and viruses on the health of invasive bigheaded carp populations in the United States or the effects of bigheaded carps on the disease risk profile for sympatric, native fish of the U.S. The main objectives of this project were to conduct a systematic survey of parasites, bacteria and viruses of Asian carps and a representative number of native Indiana fish species in the upper and middle Wabash and the lower Tippecanoe Rivers, Indiana; to determine the susceptibility of Asian carps to a representative number of natural pathogens using in vitro approaches; and to involve anglers in the development of a cost effective state-wide surveillance program for documentation of viral diseases of fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Carp Status Report
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat National Capital Region Science Advisory Report 2005/001 ASIAN CARP STATUS REPORT Figure 1: Map of DFO’s six administrative regions. § Photo credits (from top to bottom): Grass Carp, Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; Bighead Carp, David Riecks, University of Illinois; Silver Carp, [email protected]; and Black Carp, Leo G. Nico. Context The intentional or accidental release of non-native species into Canadian waters poses a threat to native species and overall biodiversity. Non-native species can alter habitat, compete with native species for food or habitat, prey upon native species, and act as vectors for new diseases or parasites that could spread to native species. There is also a risk of introducing non-native genes into native populations through hybridisation. Any of these effects could have further widespread, detrimental impacts on native species and communities. Four species of Asian carp (grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)) have been imported into the United States for use in aquaculture, and for the biological control of aquatic vegetation and parasites. Although all species were brought in for culture, and often triploid strains were developed and maintained, all four species have escaped into the wild. Self-sustaining populations of three of these species (grass, bighead and silver carps) have been established, particularly in the Mississippi drainage. Grass and bighead carps are the two species reported to be imported live into Canada for the live food fish industry, particularly in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Black carp has been historically reported as imported and silver carp has been observed for sale, but not officially reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bighead Carp US ARMY CORPS of ENGINEERS Building Strong®
    bighead carp US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Building Strong® Common Name bighead carp Genus & Species Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) Order Cypriniformes (carps, minnows, loaches, suckers) Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Diagnosis: The bighead carp is characterized by a stout body, large head, massive opercles (gill covers), the head and opercles have no scales, snout bluntly rounded, mouth terminal and appears to be upside down, barbels are absent, and the jaws have no teeth. The eyes are small, located far forward below the angle of the jaw and project downward. Scales are small, cycloid, and cover the entire body. The lateral line is complete with 95-120 scales in series. This fish can weigh up to 100-lbs. The bighead carp may be distinguished from the silver carp by having long thread-like gill rakers, wheras silver carp have sponge like gill rakers. The keeled abdomen of the silver carp extends from the anal vent almost to the base of the head, whereas the keel of the bighead carp extends from the anal vent to the base of the pectoral fins. Ecology: This fish tends not to spawn in still water or small streams, but in large flood swollen rivers. Spawning occurs after spring rains have flooded the rivers and when the temperature of the water reaches 77°F. Eggs are fertilized externally and need to float downstream. Regarded as a filter-feeder, consuming mainly zooplankton, this fish is capable of eating between 20 and 120% of its body weight each day. Like all planktivores, they eat from the bottom of the food chain, thusly competing with native planktivores, juvenile fishes and mussels.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Louisiana Recreational Fishing Regulations
    2021 LOUISIANA RECREATIONAL FISHING REGULATIONS www.wlf.louisiana.gov 1 Get a GEICO quote for your boat and, in just 15 minutes, you’ll know how much you could be saving. If you like what you hear, you can buy your policy right on the spot. Then let us do the rest while you enjoy your free time with peace of mind. geico.com/boat | 1-800-865-4846 Some discounts, coverages, payment plans, and features are not available in all states, in all GEICO companies, or in all situations. Boat and PWC coverages are underwritten by GEICO Marine Insurance Company. In the state of CA, program provided through Boat Association Insurance Services, license #0H87086. GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, DC 20076; a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. © 2020 GEICO CONTENTS 6. LICENSING 9. DEFINITIONS DON’T 11. GENERAL FISHING INFORMATION General Regulations.............................................11 Saltwater/Freshwater Line...................................12 LITTER 13. FRESHWATER FISHING SPORTSMEN ARE REMINDED TO: General Information.............................................13 • Clean out truck beds and refrain from throwing Freshwater State Creel & Size Limits....................16 cigarette butts or other trash out of the car or watercraft. 18. SALTWATER FISHING • Carry a trash bag in your car or boat. General Information.............................................18 • Securely cover trash containers to prevent Saltwater State Creel & Size Limits.......................21 animals from spreading litter. 26. OTHER RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES Call the state’s “Litterbug Hotline” to report any Recreational Shrimping........................................26 potential littering violations including dumpsites Recreational Oystering.........................................27 and littering in public. Those convicted of littering Recreational Crabbing..........................................28 Recreational Crawfishing......................................29 face hefty fines and litter abatement work.
    [Show full text]
  • Bigheaded Carps in Mississippi
    BIGHEADED CARPS IN MISSISSIPPI Extension Service Forest and Wildlife Research Center Copyright 2015 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service. By Andrew Smith, Extension Associate Biologist, MSU Center for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts. We are an equal opportunity employer, and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. Publication 2891 Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. GARY B. JACKSON, Director (500-06-15) “Bigheaded carps” is a name assigned to a group of closely related fish that includes silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis). Bigheaded carps were introduced into the United States in Arkansas in 1973 for biological control of phytoplankton in eutrophic (high-nutrient-level) water bodies. By the mid-1970s, silver carp were being distributed and raised at six state, federal, and private facilities for aquaculture production and biological control in manmade aquatic facilities (aquaculture ponds and sewage treatment lagoons). Silver carp (top) and bighead carp. Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction and Characterisation of Pepsin-Solubilised Collagen from Fins, Scales, Skins, Bones and Swim Bladders of Bighead Carp
    Food Chemistry xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) ⇑ Dasong Liu a, Li Liang a, Joe M. Regenstein b, Peng Zhou a, a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China b Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA article info abstract Article history: The objective of this study was to extract and characterise pepsin-solubilised collagens (PSC) from the Received 26 September 2011 fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp and to provide a simultaneous comparison Received in revised form 15 December 2011 of five different sources from one species. The PSC were mainly characterised as type I collagen, contain- Accepted 7 February 2012 ing two a-chains, and each maintained their triple helical structure well. The thermostability of PSC from Available online xxxx the internal tissues (swim bladders and bones) was slightly higher than that of PSC from the external tissues (fins, scales and skins). The peptide hydrolysis patterns of all PSC digests using the V8 protease Keywords: were similar. All PSC were soluble at acidic pH (1–6) and lost their solubility at NaCl concentrations above Collagen 30 g/l. The resulting PSC from the five tissues would all be potentially useful commercially. Pepsin Bighead carp Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Fins Scales Skins Bones Swim bladders V8 protease 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis
    Invasive Species Fact Sheet Bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis General Description Bighead carp are large, freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family. They are deep bodied and laterally compressed, with a large head that is nearly a 1/3 of the size of their body. Their eyes sit low on their head and they have a large, upturned mouth. Bighead carp are gray to silver on their back and sides with numerous grayish-black blotches, and cream Bighead carp colored on their bellies. Bighead carp have long, thin, Photo by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks unfused gills that they use to filter feed zooplankton (animal plankton) and large phytoplankton (plant plankton) from the water. Bighead carp can grow over 4 feet in length and weigh up to 88 pounds. Bighead carp closely resemble silver carp, but can be distinguished by their blotchy coloration and unfused gills. Current Distribution Bighead carp are not currently found in California, but were previously introduced in 1989 when 3 ponds in Tehama County were illegally stocked with both bighead and grass carp. The California Department of Fish and Game eradicated all carp from the ponds in 1992. Bighead carp were first introduced to the United States in the 1970s. They have been reported within or along the borders of at least 18 central and southern states, and are established and reproducing in various waterbodies throughout those states, including the lower Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Bighead carp are native to low gradient Pacific Ocean drainages in eastern Asia, from southern China through the northern edge of North Korea and into far eastern Russia.
    [Show full text]