Draws the Crowds
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ardo Hansson: Working Together for the Good of the EU and Estonia
Ardo Hansson: Working together for the good of the EU and Estonia Opening speech by Mr Ardo Hansson, Governor of the Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank), to the Ragnar Nurkse Lecture for the 95th Anniversary of Eesti Pank, Tallinn, 4 November 2014. * * * Professor Balcerowicz, President of the Riigikogu, Chair of the Supervisory Board of Eesti Pank, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you for being here today to mark the 95th anniversary of Eesti Pank and to honour Ragnar Nurkse, the world's best-known economist from Estonia to date. Eesti Pank was founded when the Republic of Estonia was only a year old and Ragnar Nurkse was a model eleven-year-old pupil at the Tallinn Cathedral School. In the words of Juhan Kukk, the Minister of Finance of the time, founding Eesti Pank as the issuer of the national currency and tying the currency to gold showed the same great “bravery and belief in national and economic independence” as engaging in the War of Independence did. Ragnar Nurkse started his studies in the University of Tartu, but he soon moved to continue them in the School of Economics of the University of Edinburgh and later in Vienna. He was recognised in his home country for his work, as is shown by the worried letter that Jüri Jaakson, Governor of Eesti Pank at the time, sent him in spring 1938. Nurkse was working in Geneva at the time for the League of Nations, the forerunner of the United Nations. The letter says: “The rise in the cost of living in the past three years has been larger than has been seen in many other countries that compete with us in foreign markets. -
List of Prime Ministers of Estonia
SNo Name Took office Left office Political party 1 Konstantin Päts 24-02 1918 26-11 1918 Rural League 2 Konstantin Päts 26-11 1918 08-05 1919 Rural League 3 Otto August Strandman 08-05 1919 18-11 1919 Estonian Labour Party 4 Jaan Tõnisson 18-11 1919 28-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 5 Ado Birk 28-07 1920 30-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 6 Jaan Tõnisson 30-07 1920 26-10 1920 Estonian People's Party 7 Ants Piip 26-10 1920 25-01 1921 Estonian Labour Party 8 Konstantin Päts 25-01 1921 21-11 1922 Farmers' Assemblies 9 Juhan Kukk 21-11 1922 02-08 1923 Estonian Labour Party 10 Konstantin Päts 02-08 1923 26-03 1924 Farmers' Assemblies 11 Friedrich Karl Akel 26-03 1924 16-12 1924 Christian People's Party 12 Jüri Jaakson 16-12 1924 15-12 1925 Estonian People's Party 13 Jaan Teemant 15-12 1925 23-07 1926 Farmers' Assemblies 14 Jaan Teemant 23-07 1926 04-03 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 15 Jaan Teemant 04-03 1927 09-12 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 16 Jaan Tõnisson 09-12 1927 04-121928 Estonian People's Party 17 August Rei 04-121928 09-07 1929 Estonian Socialist Workers' Party 18 Otto August Strandman 09-07 1929 12-02 1931 Estonian Labour Party 19 Konstantin Päts 12-02 1931 19-02 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 20 Jaan Teemant 19-02 1932 19-07 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 21 Karl August Einbund 19-07 1932 01-11 1932 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 22 Konstantin Päts 01-11 1932 18-05 1933 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 23 Jaan Tõnisson 18-05 1933 21-10 1933 National Centre Party 24 Konstantin Päts 21-10 1933 24-01 1934 Non-party 25 Konstantin Päts 24-01 1934 -
Crols, Dirk (2006) from Tsarist Empire to League of Nations and from USSR to EU: Two Eras in the Construction of Baltic State Sovereignty
Crols, Dirk (2006) From Tsarist empire to League of Nations and from USSR to EU: two eras in the construction of Baltic state sovereignty. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2453/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] FROM TSARIST EMPIRE TO LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND FROM USSR TO EU: TWO ERAS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALTIC STATE SOVEREIGNTY Thesis submitted by Dirk Crols to obtain the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Date of submission: 23 July 2006 Department of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow Supervisor: Dr. David Smith, Senior Lecturer, Department of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow. 1 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the three Baltic countries constructed their internal and external sovereign statehood in the interwar period and the post Cold War era. Twice in one century, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were namely confronted with strongly divided multiethnic societies, requiring a bold and wide-ranging ethnic policy. In 1918 all three Baltic countries promised their minorities cultural autonomy. -
The University of Chicago Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SMUGGLER STATES: POLAND, LATVIA, ESTONIA, AND CONTRABAND TRADE ACROSS THE SOVIET FRONTIER, 1919-1924 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ANDREY ALEXANDER SHLYAKHTER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2020 Илюше Abstract Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924 What happens to an imperial economy after empire? How do economics, security, power, and ideology interact at the new state frontiers? Does trade always break down ideological barriers? The eastern borders of Poland, Latvia, and Estonia comprised much of the interwar Soviet state’s western frontier – the focus of Moscow’s revolutionary aspirations and security concerns. These young nations paid for their independence with the loss of the Imperial Russian market. Łódź, the “Polish Manchester,” had fashioned its textiles for Russian and Ukrainian consumers; Riga had been the Empire’s busiest commercial port; Tallinn had been one of the busiest – and Russians drank nine-tenths of the potato vodka distilled on Estonian estates. Eager to reclaim their traditional market, but stymied by the Soviet state monopoly on foreign trade and impatient with the slow grind of trade talks, these countries’ businessmen turned to the porous Soviet frontier. The dissertation reveals how, despite considerable misgivings, their governments actively abetted this traffic. The Polish and Baltic struggles to balance the heady profits of the “border trade” against a host of security concerns shaped everyday lives and government decisions on both sides of the Soviet frontier. -
Postal Stamp Auction Tuesday 23 March 2021 532
POSTAL STAMP AUCTION TUESDAY 23 MARCH 2021 532 2745 2013 2019 2034 3328 3493 3495 MOWBRAY COLLECTABLES, PRIVATE BAG 63000, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND 6140 Ex 86 629 630 631 643 632 633 634 637 644 645 660 665 667 705 713 714 715 Ex 739 724 Ex 792 811 846 709 Ex 791 813 862 863 894 Ex 821 860 902 916 929 930 933 965 974 955 980 1095 1096 1253 1185 1259 Ex 1083 1585 1603 1578 1281 1606 1609 1626 1644 1715 1732 1785 1758 1786 2009 2012 2021 2027 2030 2031 2047 2064 POSTAL AUCTION 532 Closes: Tuesday 23rd March 2021 INDEX OF LOTS 1 - 276 Collections & Accumulations 277 - 346 Collectables 347 - 428 Thematics 429 - 456 Accessories 457 - 474 Literature 475 - 548 New Zealand - Postal History 549 - 627 - Postal Stationery 628 - 1227 - Definitives 1228 - 1242 - Airmail 1243 - 1485 - Commemoratives 1486 - 1578 - Health 1579 - 1723 - Officials 1724 - 1780 - Life Insurance 1781 - 1837 - Postal Fiscals 1838 - 1870 - Booklets 1871 - 2007 - Other 2008 - 2090 - Revenues 2091 - 2115 - Cinderellas 2116 - 2180 Polar 2181 - 2257 Flight Covers 2258 - 2477 Australia 2478 - 2688 Pacific Islands 2689 - 2905 Great Britain 2906 - 3296 British Commonwealth 3297 - 3716 Foreign IMPORTANT INFORMATION: - You can bid by mail, phone, fax, email or via our website - see contact details below. - For enquiries on any lots, contact our office as above. - Lots are listed on a simplified basis unless otherwise stated. - Stamps illustrated in colour may not be exactly true to shade. - Bids under 2/3rds of estimate are generally not considered. - NZ Bidders: GST of 15% will be added to successful bids. -
'Reforming Academicians', Sculptors of the Royal Academy of Arts, C
‘Reforming Academicians’, Sculptors of the Royal Academy of Arts, c.1948-1959 by Melanie Veasey Doctoral Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University, September 2018. © Melanie Veasey 2018. For Martin The virtue of the Royal Academy today is that it is a body of men freer than many from the insidious pressures of fashion, who stand somewhat apart from the new and already too powerful ‘establishment’.1 John Rothenstein (1966) 1 Rothenstein, John. Brave Day Hideous Night. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd., 1966, 216. Abstract Page 7 Abstract Post-war sculpture created by members of the Royal Academy of Arts was seemingly marginalised by Keynesian state patronage which privileged a new generation of avant-garde sculptors. This thesis considers whether selected Academicians (Siegfried Charoux, Frank Dobson, Maurice Lambert, Alfred Machin, John Skeaping and Charles Wheeler) variously engaged with pedagogy, community, exhibition practice and sculpture for the state, to access ascendant state patronage. Chapter One, ‘The Post-war Expansion of State Patronage’, investigates the existing and shifting parameters of patronage of the visual arts and specifically analyses how this was manifest through innovative temporary sculpture exhibitions. Chapter Two, ‘The Royal Academy Sculpture School’, examines the reasons why the Academicians maintained a conventional fine arts programme of study, in contrast to that of industrial design imposed by Government upon state art institutions for reasons of economic contribution. This chapter also analyses the role of the art-Master including the influence of émigré teachers, prospects for women sculpture students and the post-war scarcity of resources which inspired the use of new materials and techniques. -
Eesti Ajutine Valitsus Priiuse Põlistumise Vaatepunktist
Eesti ajutine valitsus priiuse põlistumise vaatepunktist Ago Pajur 27. märtsil 2013 tähistati Eestis priiuse põlistumise püha, see tähendab möödus 7890 päeva 1991. aasta 20. augustist, mil taas tati Eesti iseseisvus, ning kaasaegne Eesti Vabariik sai niisama vanaks, kui oli maailmasõdade vaheline Eesti Vabariik 17. juunil 1940, mil omariiklus asendus Nõukogude okupatsiooniga. See täht päev annab põhjust heita pilk riikliku iseseisvuse kujunemisloole. Priiuse põlistumise püha tähistamise algatajad on lähtunud eeldusest, et Eesti Vabariik loodi küll 24. veebruaril 1918, kuid jõudis kesta vaid ühe päeva, sest juba 25. veebruaril algas Saksa okupat sioon. Seetõttu on riigi vanust arvestatud 11. novembrist 1918, mil väidetavalt lõppes Saksa okupatsioon ja taastus Eesti riigivõimu tegevus, ning lisatud saadud vanusele üks päev veebruarist – 24. veebruar 1918 (Ideon 2013). Kõikmõeldavad tähtpäevad kipuvadki olema kokkuleppelise iseloomuga, kuid siiski tekitavad arvutuste aluseks võetud daatumid (1918. aasta 24. ja 25. veebruar ning 11. november) lähemal vaatlusel kahtlusi. Sellega seoses tuleks vastata kolmele küsimusele. 1. Millal loodi Eesti riigivõim? 2. Millal katkes Eesti riigivõimu toimimine? 3. Millal taastus Eesti riigivõimu tegevus? Enne kui hakata neile küsimustele vastust otsima, leppigem kokku lähtekohtades: 1) Eesti riik sündis 24. veebruaril 1918 Tallinnas ja 2) riigivõimu kandjaks oli ajutine valitsus.1 1 Loomulikult võib Eesti riikluse alguseks pidada ka 1917. aasta 15. novembrit või 1918. aasta 23. veebruari, kuid selline lähtekoht eeldab, et riigivõimuna 79 Ago Pajur Eesti riigivõim asub tegutsema 1918. aasta 24. veebruari varahommikul asusid enamlased koos Vene soldatite ja madrustega Tallinnast põgenema ning rahvus likud jõud võisid alustada tegevust. Pärastlõunal kujunes iseseis vuslaste peamiseks keskuseks endise Venemaa riigipanga Tallinna osakonna (hilisema Eesti Panga) hoone (ill. -
Roll Eesti Riigi Loomisel Ja Edendamisel (1917-1940)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Filosoofiateaduskond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Eesti ajaloo osakond RÜNDO MÜLTS AUGUST JÜRMANI (JÜRIMA) ROLL EESTI RIIGI LOOMISEL JA EDENDAMISEL (1917-1940) Magistritöö Juhendaja: dots. Ago Pajur Tartu 2015 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS.......................................................................................................................3 Metodoloogiast ja struktuurist.................................................................................................4 Historiograafia........................................................................................................................6 Allikad..................................................................................................................................10 1.AUGUST JÜRMAN EESTI RIIKLUSE LOOMISEL (1917-1920)................................13 1.1. Eesti Maarahva Liitu asutamas......................................................................................15 1.2. 1917. aastal Pärnu maakonna agronoomina..................................................................21 1.3. Eesti iseseisvuse väljakuulutamine Pärnus....................................................................27 1.4. Saksa okupatsioon Pärnumaal ja August Jürman aastal 1918......................................33 1.5. Ajutise Valitsuse komissar............................................................................................38 -
Michael Page 2 June 2014 NEWSLETTER JUNE 2014 Volume 12 Issue 6
Page 1 June 2014 Volume 12 Issue 6 NEWSLETTER JUNE 2014 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: EDITORS COLUMN EDITORS 1 COLUMN Welcome to the June edition of the Newsletter. POST OFFICE 2 P A G E S O N Hello everyone. Another month shot by and here I am thinking about what to include in this FACEBOOK Newsletter. Many thanks to those of you who wrote to me. Seems we have at least 10 readers now :-) and one who actually spotted my reversed image of the GB Fiscal I showed in last STAMP MATE 2 months “Stamps of the Month” sidebar. I know I have one observant reader :-) SOFTWARE M A C H I N 3 One Member wrote to me suggesting more articles on Selling related topics. I like that idea COLOURS and I hope there is something in this Newsletter that meets request. One idea I had was to suggest having a look at this website http://www.stamp-collecting-world.com/ While it has N E W 4 MEM B E R S a few pieces on selling stamps I also think some of you might enjoy the material on Austria, SITE Germany, Russia and the USA. N E W I S S U E S — 4 GB NOSTALGIA 5 DESCRIBING 6 LOTS ON A U C T I O N S I T E S Another webpage worth a visit perhaps is this one at Gnome village It is an interesting piece L I M E R I C K S 8 from a gentleman by the name of Dr. -
Full Article in PDF Format
Acta Historica Tallinnensia, 2014, 20, 132–156 doi: 10.3176/hist.2014.1.05 EESTI 1919. AASTA SÕJAVÕLG AMEERIKA ÜHENDRIIKIDELE JA SELLE KUSTUTAMINE Maie PIHLAMÄGI Tallinna Ülikooli Ajaloo Instituut, Rüütli 6, 10130 Tallinn, Eesti; [email protected] Vabadussõda lõppes Eesti jaoks suurte sõjavõlgadega, mille seas suurim oli Ameerika Ühend- riikidele. Käesolevas artiklis ongi käsitletud Eesti suurima sõjavõlaga seotud probleeme. Esimese maailmasõja aastail krediteeris USA oma Euroopa liitlasi vajaliku sõjavarustuse muretsemiseks. Pärast vaherahu kehtestamist 1918. aasta novembris otsustas USA anda täiendavalt krediiti nii liitlastele kui ka uutele Euroopa riikidele, sealhulgas Eestile, et neil oleks võimalik lahendada toitlusküsimus ja alustada majanduse rekonstrueerimisega. Artiklis on otsitud vastust küsimusele, miks Eesti Vabariik taotles laenu, millised olid laenutingimused ja millised võimalused olid välis- laenu teenindamiseks. Samuti on vaatluse all läbirääkimised USA-ga võla tagasimaksmise üle ja võla fundeerimislepingu tingimused ning Eesti jõupingutused rahvusvahelise kohustuse täitmiseks. EESTI SÕJAVÕLA TEKKELUGU Erinevalt suurest osast esimeses maailmasõjas osalenud riikidest ei saanud noor Eesti Vabariik pärast 11. novembril 1918 välja kuulutatud vaherahu asuda täie jõuga sõja tagajärgede likvideerimisele ja rahuaegse riigielu korraldamisele. Vaid kümmekond päeva pärast vaherahu sõlmimist tungis Punaarmee Narva lähistel Eestisse eesmärgiga liita Eesti territoorium Nõukogude Venemaaga. Nii pidi Eesti oma riigi ülesehitamise -
Geopolitical Themes of Estonian National Identity Through Song Festivals
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 “Touched by Time”: Geopolitical Themes of Estonian National Identity through Song Festivals Mandy L. Hoggard Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Hoggard, Mandy L., "“Touched by Time”: Geopolitical Themes of Estonian National Identity through Song Festivals" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4911. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4911 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “TOUCHED BY TIME”: GEOPOLITICAL THEMES OF ESTONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH FOLKLORE AND SONG FESTIVALS by Mandy L. Hoggard A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Political Science Approved: ____________________________ _____________________________ Colin Flint Robert Nalbandov Major Professor Committee Member ____________________________ _____________________________ Lynne S. McNeill Mark R. McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Mandy L. Hoggard 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT “Touched by Time”: Geopolitical Themes of Estonian National Identity through Song Festivals by Mandy L. Hoggard, Master of Science Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Colin Flint Department: Political Science Estonian national identity is defined by its centuries-long struggle for independence and autonomy. This thesis examines this struggle and resulting identity through the lens of the laulupidu , or song festival, and its employment as a vehicle of political mobilization and re-constructor of Estonian history. -
Thirteenth Session, Commencing at 2.30 Pm STAMPS
3473 Thirteenth Session, Commencing at 2.30 pm New South Wales, 1850 Sydney View, imperf. 1d red, 2d blue, 3d green and 1851 laureate issues all described on two Seven Seas album leaves, as described by collector SG 13 (2), 31, 39; 43d (no whip), 43ef (no whip), 46, 46a, 48a (both no leaves), 58, 77 (postmarked 40 Bombala rare), 87, (CV £2,085), some with full margins. Mostly fi ne used, STAMPS many scarce. (12) $500 Ex C.R. Deane Collection and six stamps noted as from Rex and Fair 2004- AUSTRALIAN STATES 2013 (nos 13, 31, 43d, 43ef, 46, 48a and 58), these cost $2,300. 3471* New South Wales, 1850 Sydney View, imperf 1d reds some on bluish paper, some with no clouds, all described on a Seven Seas album leaf, includes as described by collector SG 1-12 (with extra #6) all inclusive, (CV £5,300), allmost all with full margins, (illustrated). Mostly fi ne used, scarce. (13) $2,000 Ex C.R. Deane Collection and previously most (11) from Rex and Fair 2005-2010 for $3,708. 3472 New South Wales, 1850 Sydney View, imperf. mostly varieties of 1d reds and 2d blues, all described on Seven Seas album leaves, these numbered by collector 1d reds SG 8a, 8b, 12c (2); 2d blues SG 16c, 24b, 24e, 26a, 26e, 26f, 26g, 29c, 30c, 32e, 33a, 34c, 38b, (CV £6,825), almost all with full margins. Mostly fi ne used, scarce. (18) $1,800 part 3474* Ex C.R. Deane Collection and previously many from Rex and Fair 2012- New South Wales, 1850 Sydney View, imperf 2d blue some 2014 and a few singles from Status, as known from these dealers most of the listed stamps above cost $6,253.