Yet on the other hand, Mr. Carter is clearly an intelli- distinct obligation to exercise moral leadership. There gent and well-read man, who speaks out of a much have been occasions in American history when moral broader vision than Mr. Ford, who seems to have no issues did hinge upon the outcome of an election. particular design for this country at all. Mr. Carter There have been occasions when vital interests of the is a person of roots — as Truman and Kennedy were Jewish community were indeed inextricably bound — and they are roots deep enough to embrace blacks to the election of certain aspirants for national office. as well as whites, seriously religious people of many These issues have not always been recognized by the faiths as well as Southern Baptists. He has proven he Jewish community. On such occasions Jewish spokes- understands the issues, that he prefers human amelio- men not only have the right but the obligation to ration to technological proliferation. He proved in elucidate and draw attention to the issues. In these Georgia he could be a capable administrator. Mr. matters it is certainly to be anticipated that the per- Ford is a good administrator too, and in the first de- suasive influence of such leadership will not be in- bate proved he had the knowledge to make a first- significant. rate bureaucrat; this country needs*more than that. In a time when most groups have withdrawn into Care must be exercised lest this moral authority be themselves, when too many Americans seem to be- diluted. If Jewish issues are created where none exist lieve that the government doesn't really matter, a they will not be perceived even when real. When sub- President is required who can embrace the need for jective judgment is paraded as hard fact, the distinc- America's groups to fulfill themselves and at the tion between fact and opinion becomes irremediably same time elevate their sights to needs and causes blurred. When endorsements are commonplace they beyond their own. We American Jews need such a become vochedik (commonplace) and hence meaning- president too. We need someone to inspire our own less. One renowned Chassidic leader attributed his leaders to raise our sights beyond our own needs, great influence to the fact that he never demanded of and to see the inter-relationship between our destiny his Chassidim what he knew they would not fulfill. and every other American's, and every other Moral authority must be conserved and used with country's as well. I like Mr. Carter's preaching. I caution, else it becomes dissipated. think he will probably be able to administrate and Endorsements damage rabbinic credibility elevate at the same time. Mr. Ford, honest man that It is understandably difficult to differentiate between he is, has proven he cannot. an individual's public and personal roles. When is a rabbi to be understood as speaking qua spiritual Jimmy Carter is a very good risk for America and leader and when simply as a private citizen? Is the America's Jews. title ever used "for purposes of identification only"? Indeed, if the person is not speaking as a rabbi is any- Why i am against rabbinic endorsements one really interested in his social, economic, or philo- J. David Bleich sophical views? The perceiver's inability to distinguish between ex cathedra pronouncements and purely Another election is upon us and again Jewish spokes- personal expressions of preference can only cause men have begun a mad scramble to endorse this or confusion and result in a damaging loss of credibility. that candidate of their choosing. Public endorsement What is achieved when two advertisements endorsing of political candidates by Jewish clergymen is a rela- opposing candidates appear virtually side by side in tively new phenomenon and one which merits critical The New York Times, each bearing the names of examination. equally distinguished Jewish spokesmen, except the Let it be said at the outset that no one disputes any impression that if the election of either candidate individual's right to vote and to speak as his con- genuinely made a discernable difference in terms of science dictates. Priests, ministers and rabbis enjoy Jewish interests there would have developed a greater the same political rights as do other members of consensus of support? The implied proclamation of society. Taking the cloth does not entail casting aside such an interest where none exists must be perceived either the franchise or freedom of expression. But it as nought but politics as usual — but with rabbis as is not always politic to exercise every privilege. In pawns. some situations discretion is indeed the better part Damage to moral credibility is even more severe when of valor. political endorsement is followed by the conferment I view the current flurry of partisan political activity of honor and political favors upon those who engage with concern for many reasons. Clergymen have a in such activity. Kavod, glory and the public spotlight 157 are as much a means of bribery as cash. And while their views for whom American Jews should vote in there may be no basis for questioning the sincerity of presidential or other elections. The fact of the matter many of those who are accorded such recognition, is that there is no one who can really prevent such our constituents cannot be blamed for harboring a public debates in the Jewish or general press and that measure of cynicism. they really make very little difference in the decisions of either group. Interestingly enough but not so Befriend an official, but speak out on issues strangely, many of the American Jews who protest It is extremely important for the Jewish community most strongly when Israeli politicians offer political to develop ties with all government officials and advice to American Jews insist that American Jews aspirants to political office. There is no substitute for have a voice in Israel's political and security decisions, personal friendship in matters ofshtadlonus (repre- while those who tend to listen to the advice of Israeli sentation). It is necessary to have friends in every politicians about American politics are quite content political camp and to develop contacts over long to leave the decisions about Israel to the same politi- periods of time in order to be assured of entree, an cians as well. open door and a listening ear, when it becomes nec- essary to focus attention upon legitimate interests of If so, what is the so-called issue of dissent? In all the the Jewish community. But person-to-person involve- responses to your articles, the only one, so far, which ment on the part of communal workers is far dif- raises the real issue to which we ought to be address- ferent from public identification of prominent per- ing ourselves, is by Judah Shapiro, (Sh'ma 6/118) who sonalities with political parties or candidates. by Dunham's definition, is a truly "heroic" figure.

Moreover, it is often more effective to take a posi- The reason, to paraphrase Shapiro, why many of us tion on an issue rather than on a person. When there are bothered is not that we question the survival and is a discernable difference between party platforms prosperity of Israel as one of our highest priorities, or candidates with regard to matters which concern but the presumption that individuals in Jerusalem us as Jews, such differences should be highlighted and have greater wisdom about how to dispose of funds, publicized as part of an on-going process of making raised from American Jews, to subsidize Jewish ed- our views known. Voters will make the necessary ucation and culture in the United States. connection at the ballot box. I do not quarrel with the fierce determination of the Most importantly, we firmly believe that the funda- citizens of Israel to govern their own affairs without mental concerns which play a crucial role in deter- imposed settlements and coercion from other govern- mining our votes are ones which should be shared by ments and communities but am puzzled by the ab- all members of a democratic society. We should de- surdity of a situation in which scores of millions of mand that such issues be above partisan debate and dollars are collected from Jews in the Diaspora, chan- be perceived in that manner by all candidates. This neled to Jerusalem and then sent back to these very can be accomplished most effectively only by main- same communities, on the basis of priorities and taining a non-partisan public-stance. If we adopt a evaluations made by people who often are not most partisan approach we will elicit a partisan response. qualified to make such decisions. If we place such issues in proper perspective we can I do not quarrel with the preoccupation of Israelis do much to create a climate of opinion in which all and various Zionist organizations with mobilizing good men will recognize the legitimacy of our con- maximum support to strengthen the demography, cerns. The issues which excite the Jewish community economy and security of Israel. I seriously question are non-negotiable and we must be vigilant in not per- the competence of these very same people to deter- mitting even the impression that they are subject to mine how best to allocate funds and personnel for the type of horse-trading which is common in the cultural and religious work in the Diaspora. political arena. Is it really seemly for institutions of higher Jewish learning, throughout the United States and Canada, ... but others say about the agency to scrounge for their meager budgets from philan- thropists who properly give their highest priority to Are israelis competent to judge our needs? UJA contributions — and for additional funds for The issue is not really whether American Jews should these institutions' programs in the Diaspora from be free to review the policies of the government of Israeli and Jewish Agency officials, from funds origin- Israel; nor is the issue whether Israelis should express ally raised here? 158 I do not question the inalienable rights of the citizens that "two peoples, with different languages, cultures of Israel to determine that the highest priority must and religions cannot live as civic equals in the same be given to receiving and absorbing the maximum country, and live in peace," I am appalled at her con- number of immigrants from the USSR. They properly clusion that "the Arabs must leave." This conclusion should resent any interference whatsoever by Jews in was reached in Germany in 1933. the Diaspora to curtail or soften the campaign for Men and women of goodwill must seek another solu- continued Russian aliyah. It is equally unacceptable, tion. If two "peoples" can't make it, can three? It however, for Israeli and Zionist officials in Jerusalem works in Switzerland. Three "national" groups live to pressure American Jewish philanthrdpic agencies in relative harmony, divided into 25 cantons. Each on how to handle Jews who manage to obtain exit canton is "culturally pure." visas from the USSR, no matter under what pretext, and then opt to emigrate to countries other than As Israel's neighbor faces the same dilemma, perhaps Israel. a unification of the two countries, and then a separa- tion into 25 Moslem, Christian or Jewish Cantons All that I have said so far is not meant in any way to would provide a permanently peaceful solution. minimize my commitment to the interdependence of Israel and the Diaspora and the need for concentra- Perhaps two is not company — and three, not a ting maximum material and political support in the crowd. Do we dare explore a solution where neither Diaspora for Israel. Jew, Moslem nor Christian is superior — where none controls the practices, faith or customs of the other? I was puzzled by Haskel Lookstein's justification of Is three the magic number? UJA and Israel Bonds appeals on Yom Kippur in the synagogue by comparing them to the "heavy handed Melvin M. Landau charity drives of our forebears." I need not remind Chicago, Illinois Rabbi Lookstein that our forebears were in the syna- gogue daily and that the synagogue leaders deter- Shall oppressed jews now become oppressors? mined the purposes for which the funds they raised Being a firm believer in the right to dissent and the would be used. The synagogue was the natural loca- value of an open market in ideas, I can have no tion where these appeals were conducted since it was quarrel with Sh'ma over the publication of Diana K. the principal place of Jewish assembly. Appelbaum's piece on Israeli Arabs. What appalls me almost beyond words is that Ms. Appelbaum holds In our contemporary community, most people attend such views. It is surely true that the role of a substan- synagogues very infrequently and many are dis- tial indigenous Arab population in the Jewish state quieted by the dilution of even the minimal several has never been satisfactorily defined. There are hours which they are willing to give to prayer, by clearly dangers which must be reckoned with as Israel activities which are not directly related to worship. faces the future. There must, however, be some moral Nor can one exactly claim that the synagogue and its limit to the strategies which may be countenanced in lay and spiritual leaders are taken very seriously the service of this future. about the allocation of the funds for which appeals There is something almost surrealistic about hearing are made in the synagogue. Perhaps a day will come rhetoric which has been used through centuries of when all Federation, UJA and Bond meetings will de- European history as a justification for the harass- vote a part of their time to prayer and serious Jewish ment, dispossession, and expulsion of Jews, now study and then it would only be fair that the number turned to the alleged service of a Jewish state. Again of hours which most American Jews would be willing and again we Jews have heard it: "Russia for the Rus- to give to the synagogues would be shared with the sians!", "Poland for the Poles!", "Germany for the UJA, Bonds, etc. Halevai! Germans!" The Jews? An indigestible minority, an ethnic impurity, a blot on the wellbeing of the Wolfe Kelman Fatherland. New York, New York And now, is it our turn? Our turn to celebrate our sovereignty by learning the tricks of our oppressors? ... but others say about israeli arabs "A group of strangers," Ms. Appelbaum calls them. A tri-partisan solution for mideastern tensions Does the Torah not teach us of the appropriate treat- While I accept Diana Appelbaum's thesis (Sh'ma 118) ment of strangers, "for you were strangers in the land

159 of Egypt?" Can a Jew speak of making Israel Arab- tion of context, occasion, and timing. Much to my rein and not hear the echoes? surprise, I find myself in agreement, for once, with someone else. Israel must survive, and Israel must have its security. A "security" forged, however, out of a basic disregard Jacob Neusner for the human rights of Israel's Arab citizens could Providence, Rhode Island not be secure for long. The perversion of justice is one of those things which, according to our rabbis, Our legitimate dissent became a distorted issue brings the sword into the world. Somehow, we must The theme of your lead article by my friend, be able to do better than that. Geoffrey Wigoder, is "do not try and influence gen- eral public opinion in your country (the USA) in the Neil Kominsky hope that in this way you can bring them to put South Windsor, Connecticut pressure on us," (in Israel). ... but others dissent about dissent I suggest that the tzimmis over dissent at the Presi- dents' Conference Meeting (Sh'ma 6/117) was caused Time and place determine the propriety of dissent by a telegram which I and others signed, addressed to Phrasing the issue of dissent in terms of whether or a protest meeting in Tel Aviv. Our objective was to not public debate is irresponsible or permissible does try to influence public opinion in Israel and not in not clarify issues. Public debate will take place. We the USA. I think that American Jews should have an are all free to say what we think. The issue is the input on Israeli problems such as the Gush Emunim character and agendum of public debate, which, in settlement in Kadum, which affects us and our rela- the nature of things, is carried on with the whole tions with the American government. The telegram world as our audience. was therefore a legitimate way of achieving this objec- tive. Somehow this became twisted around by Am- Geoffrey Wigoder in this context scores telling, and to bassador Dinitz and others into trying to influence me, persuasive points. (Sh'ma 6/118) His stress on the American public opinion in order to put pressure on "narrowness of your expressed interest in Israel issues," Israel. I wrote to Dinitz about this but never received with its stress on the West Bank, seems to me wholly valid. an acknowledgement or reply. Breira in particular has come under criticism, most of it abusive. But some of it is reasonable and honorable. Jesse Zel Lurie, Executive Editor Wigoder's comment applies, in my judgment, to Hadassah Magazine Breira, which knows no alternative, for the present New York, New York agendum, but Israeli foreign policy. As Wigoder stresses, there are other important problems for dis- (With the publication of these letters, we conclude cussion, and much is to be contributed by us to that our discussion, for the time being, concerning dissent discussion. Just now a Providence layman, Robert on Israeli policy. — E.B.B.) Riesman, publishes in a local paper a careful study of Breira's positions and why he thinks they are both Since it is not Sh'ma's practice to identify our Con- wrong and detrimental to Israel's security. Such a tributing Editors when their articles are printed, we critique requires a reasoned reply and is apt to get would now like to acquaint you with some of the one. But here too there are many alternatives for dis- roles and achievements of these talented people who cussion, a rich agendum of issues for exploration. have contributed so much to the Jewish community: J. David Bleich, Professor of Talmud and a Rosh We cannot limit our comment to a single issue. We Yeshiva, Yeshiva University; Balfour Brickner, Di- cannot ignore the very legitimate anxieties of partici- rector of Interfaith Activities, U.A.H.C.; Harry Gersh, pants in the public debate. Not everything demands author of Sacred Books of the Jews and Minority discussion all the time, and the matter of the appro- Report; Mark S. Golub, Rabbi to Havurot in Con- priate setting, occasion, and topic to a given moment, necticut, Director of Public Affairs, radio station in a given context, is hardly to be ignored. But I WMCA, New York; Richard N. Levy, Los Angeles think, along with Wigoder and Riesman, that that Area Director, Hillel Foundation Activities; Hans matter has been ignored. It is no limitation on free Morgenthau, University Professor of Political Science, speech and on full rights of expression, including ex- New School for Social Research; Harold Schulweis, pression of dissenting opinion, to expect considera- Rabbi, Valley Beth Sholom, Los Angeles, Adjunct 160 Professor, University of Judaism, HUC-JIR; Henry Simeon Maslin, 6/110. Church and state — let's be Schwarzschild, Director, Project on Capital Punish- reasonable, Chaim Pearl, 6/108. Clothing our bodies ment, American Civil Liberties Foundation; Steven — discerning the holy, Moshe Meiselman, 6/101. Come Schwarzschild, Professor of Philosophy, Washington back to genoa, bambino mio, Yaakov Luna, 6/110. University, Editor, Judaism, 1960-1969; Seymour Community workers need support, Al Mintz, 6/102. Siegel, Professor of Theology, Jewish Theological The consequences of dissent, Seymour Siegel, 6/117. Seminary; Charles Silberman, author of Crisis in the Converted but not quite accepted, Suzanne Kalish, Classroom and Crisis in Black and White; Elie Wiesel, 6/107. Dignity lies in the struggle for life, J. David author and lecturer; Arnold Jacob Wolf, Director, Bleich, 6/103. Ethics'and majority, Eliezer Berkovits, Hillel Foundation, Yale University, Editor, What Is 6/116. Facing domestic issues in the election, Hyman Man?; Michael Wyschogrod, Professor of Philosophy, Bookbinder, Marvin Braiterman, Leslie Gottlieb, Baruch College, author of Kierkegaard and Heidegger. Charlotte Jacobson, I.L. Kenen, Sholom Klass, Joseph Polak, Earl Raab, Gerald Serotta, 6/114.

As we conclude our sixth year we say, Praised be God For dissent on israeli policy — part 1, Eugene B. who gives strength to the People of Israel. Borowitz, 6/116. For dissent on israeli policy — part 2, Eugene B. Borowitz, 6/117. Friends in need of votes, friends indeed?, Ronald and Evelyn Rubin, Index 6/101-6/120; nov. 1975-oct. 1976 6/119. Glorifying our bodies is unjewish, Leonard Kravitz, 6/101. The halachic process — growth and Three indices are given here: (1) Article titles, (2) change, Michael Chernick, 6/112. Authors, (3) Letter writers. Issues of Sh'ma are indicated by year of publication If we are not for ourselves ..., Elliot J. Allentuck, (= volume number), a slash /, and then the issue 6/104. Innovation within halachah for daughters, number, which is a cumulative figure from the first Sharon and Joseph Kaplan, 6/113. Interfaith — to issue. explain we must converse, Henry Bamberger, 6/100. Israel, an exercise in self-definition, Jerry Showstack, Articles titles index 6/113. Israel — public debate is irresponsible, Geoffrey Wigoder, 6/118. The academic as synagogue alien, Robert Sandler, Israeli arabs threaten a jewish state, Diana K. Appel- 6/105. The academic can find his place in shul, Eliza- baum, 6/118.. Israel's present policy is right, Myron beth Klein Shapiro, 6/109. Aggadah and the fictional M. Fenster, 6/119. Jewish civil rights for the observ- imagination, Arthur A. Cohen, 6/106. The aging of ant, Karen Abramovitz, 6/105. Jewish values and jew- the jewish community, George E. Johnson, 6/109. ish leaders, Rosalie Cohen, 6/102. Kavannah — putting Aliyah as response to Galut, Benjamin Blech, 6/113. the personal into prayer, Michael Unger, 6/106. Aliyah despite the state of israel, Yaffa Ganz, 6/113. Aliyah — my decision to stay, Emanuel Forman, The j.t.s. women's hakafah, symbolic event, Nina 6/113. "Ani holechet bingo", Paul Rubens, 6/113. Cardin, 6/119. A letter from the editor, Eugene B. The art of personal prayer, Lou H. Silberman, 6/105. Borowitz, 6/115. A liturgy for where it's at, Leigh Attempting to title contemporary temples, Danny Lerner, 6/110. Living through divorce — a search for Freelander, 6/110. self, anonymous, 6/112. A morsel of fur-fetched hala- chic pilpul for purim people, Arthur E. Green, 6/110. Being female, jewish, and observant, Marian Neudel, 6/111. A bill of lefts for jewish lefties, Jon Wolf and My conversion: two decades later, David ben Avra- Nita Poley, 6/110. Birth rituals and jewish daughters, ham, 6/107. My divorce and my community, Sherry Daniel I. Leifer, 6/111. Book month forum, Dina Bissell, 6/112. The new Zionism of the diaspora, Abramowicz, Lucy S. Dawidowicz, Herbert Gold, Richard H. Levy, 6/104 .On my mind, Balfour Brick- Cynthia Ozick, Sally Priesand, Seymour Rossel, ner, 6/105. On my mind, Henry Schwarzschild, 6/101. Esther Ticktin, 6/103. Broader dissent for maturer A 100%dissent on tzedakah, HaskelLookstein, 6/118. relationship, Judah J. Shapiro, 6/118. A call to return, Only churches have altars, Jacob Chinitz, 6/105. Orth- Mordecai Neuman, 6/116. odoxy, too jewish for the suburbs?, Stanley Schwartz, Childbirth, a covenantal experience, Martin L. Gor- 6/105. Osher, Heshie Billet and Joel Wolowelski, don, 6/111. "The children's teeth"- a ritual revived, 6/110. Our bodies can link us to the spiritual, Levi 161 Yehudah Kelman, 6/101. Our enemies — they merit converse, 6/108. Berkovits, Eliezer, Ethics and major- our scorn, Robert Pois, 6/104. ity, 6/116. Billet, Heshie, Osher, 6/110. The politics of federation leadership, Sol Koenigsberg, Bissell, Sherry, My divorce and my community, 6/102. A purim bicentennial tour, Sheldon Miller- 6/112. Blech, Benjamin, Aliyah as response to galut, Marder, 6/110. Racism, the unavoidable national sin, 6/113. Bleich, J. David, Dignity lies in the struggle Henry Schwarzschild, 6/104. The rough road to con- for life, 6/103. Bleich, J. David, Why i am against version, Sharon K. Hull, 6/107. A sense of values is rabbinic endorsements, 6/120. Bookbinder, Hyman, too vague, Charles A. Kroloff, 6/106. in Facing domestic issues in the election, 6/114. Borowitz, Eugene B., A letter from the editor, 6/115. Serving the aging synagogue, Herman Schaalman, 6/109. The sexism of intermarriage, Allen Mailer, Borowitz, Eugene B., For dissent on israelipolicy — 6/107. The soul is touched, the heart converts, Celeste part 1, 6/116. Borowitz, Eugene B., For dissent on Raspanti, 6/109. The synagogue's service to the aged, israeli policy — part 2, 6/117. Braiterman, Marvin, in Shlomo Baiter, 6/109. The terminally ill: may we let Facing domestic issues in the election, 6/114. Brick- them die?, Bob Levine, 6/103. T'fillin the blanks, ner, Balfour, On my mind, 6/105. Cardin, Nina, The Kerry Baker, 6/110. j.t.s. women's hakafah, symbolic event, 6/119. A tribute to gustav landauer, Irving Levitas, 6/101. Chernick, Michael, The halachic process — growth Two conversations, cairo and Jerusalem, Arnold Jacob and change, 6/112. Chinitz, Jacob, Only churches Wolf, 6/108. The u.n. — put not your trust in princes, have altars, 6/105. Cohen, Arthur A., Aggadah and Joni Friedman, 6/102. Values, not halachah, should the fictional imagination, 6/106. Cohen, Rosalie, guide us, Mark S. Golub, 6/106. We are two jewish Jewish values and jewish leaders, 6/102. Dawidowicz, peoples, not one, Harold Fisch, 6/119. We need a Lucy S., in Book month forum, 6/103. contemporary halachah, Robert J. Marx, 6/106. Fenster, Myron M., Israel's present policy is right, When a jewish woman comes of age, Nina Freedman, 6/119. Fisch, Harold, We are two jewish peoples, not 6/111. When a life is no life — the right to die, Bernard one, 6/119. Forman, Emanuel, Aliyah — my decision S. Raskas, 6/103. When dissent is not a virtue, Harold to stay, 6/113. Fox, Lois, in Women as federation M. Schulweis, 6/117. Who's covering carter — and the campaign heads, 6/108. Freedman, Nina, When a jew- rest?, Elkanah Schwartz, 6/114. Why i became a jew, ish woman comes of age, 6/111. Gary Noyes, 6/107. Freelander, Danny, Attempting to title contemporary Why i am against rabbinic endorsements, J. David temples, 6/110. Friedman, Joni, The u.n. — put not Bleich, 6/120. Why i am flabbergasted by Seymour your trust in princes, 6/102. Ganz, Yaffa, Aliyah des- siegel, Arnold Jacob Wolf, 6/120. Why i am voting for pite the state of israel, 6/113. Gold, Herbert, in Book jimmy carter, Richard N. Levy, 6/120. Why i am vot- month forum, 6/103. Golub, Mark S., Values, not hal- ing for gerald ford, Seymour Siegel, 6/120. achah, should guide us, 6/106. Women as federation campaign heads, Roselind Rabin- Goodman, Ann, in Women as federation campaign owitz, Helen G. Pierson, Ann Goodman, Lois Fox, heads, 6/108. Gordon, Martin L., Childbirth, a coven- 6/108. Zionism for people more than state, Eugene ental experience, 6/111. Gottlieb, Leslie, in Facing Lipman, 6/118. Zionism must allow for open dissent, domestic issues in the election, 6/114. Green, Arthur Jeffrey Salkin, 6/104. E., A morsel of fur-fetched halachic pilpul for purim people, 6/110. Hull, Sharon K., The rough road to Authors index conversion, 6/107. Abramowitz, Dina, in Book month forum, 6/103. Jacob son, Charlotte, in Facing domestic issues in the Abramowitz, Karen, Jewish civil rights for the obser- election, 6/114. Johnson, George, The aging of the vant, 6/105. Allentuck, Elliot J .,If we are not for jewish community, 6/109. Kalish, Suzanne,Converted ourselves . . ., 6/104. Appelbaum, Diana K., Israeli but not quite accepted, 6/107. Kaplan, Sharon and arabs threaten a jewish state, 6/118. Ben Avraham, Joseph, Innovation within halachah for daughters, David, My conversion: two decades later, 6/107. 6/113. Kelman, Levi Yehudah, Our bodies can link us to the spiritual, 6/101. Baker, Kerry, T'fillin the blanks, 6/110. Baiter, Shlomo, The synagogue's service to the aged, 6/109. Kenen, I.L., in Facing domestic issues in the election, Bamberger, Henry, Interfaith — to explain, we must 6/114. Klass, Sholom in Facing domestic issues in the 162 election, 6/114. Koenigsberg, Sol, The politics of fed- On my mind, 6/101. Schwarzschild, Henry, Racism, eration leadership, 6/102. Kravitz, Leonard, Glorify- the unavoidable national sin, 6/104. Serotta, Gerald, ing our bodies is unjewish, 6/101. Kroloff, Charles A., in Facing domestic issues in the election, 6/114. A sense of values is too vague, 6/106. Shapiro, Elizabeth Klein, The academic can find his Leifer, Daniel I., Birth rituals and jewish daughters, place in shul, 6/109. Shapiro, Judah J., Broader dis- 6/111. Lerner, Leigh, A liturgy for where it's at, sent for maturer relationship, 6/118. Showstack, 6/110. Levine, Bob, The terminally ill: may we let Jerry, Israel, an exercise in self-definition, 6/113. them die?, 6/103. Levitas, Irving, A tribute to gustav Siegel, Seymour, Why i am voting for gerald ford, landauer, 6/101. Levi, Richard N., The new zionism 6/120. Silberman, Lou H., The art of personal prayer, of the diaspora, 6/104. Levy, Richard N., Why i am 6/105. Ticktin, Esther, in Book month forum, 6/103. voting for jimmy carter, 6/120. • Unger, Michael, Kavannah — putting the personal into Lipman, Eugene, Zionism, for people more than state, prayer, 6/106. Wigoder, Geoffrey, Israel — public dis- 6/118. Luria, Yaakov, Come back to genoa, bambino sent is irresponsible, 6/118. Wolf, Arnold Jacob, Two mio, 6/110. Lookstein, Haskel,/! 100% dissent on conversations, Cairo and Jerusalem, 6/108. Wolf, tzedakah, 6/118. Mailer, Allen, The sexism of inter- Arnold Jacob, Why i am flabbergasted by seymour marriage, 6/107. Marx, Robert J., We need a contem- siegel, 6/120. Wolf, Jon, A bill of lefts for jewish porary halachah, 6/106. lefties, 6/110. Wolowelski, Joel, Osher, 6/110. Maslin, Simeon, "The children's teeth" — a ritual revived, 6/110, Meiselman, Moshe, Clothing our Letter writers index bodies — discerning the holy, 6/101. Miller-Marder, Sheldon, A purim bicentennial tour, 6/110. Mintz, Al, Albert, Bernard L., Preserving church-state separa- Community workers need support, 6/102. Neudel, tion, 6/115. Asher, Michael, Searching jews seek Marian, Being female, jewish, and observant, 6/111. halachah, 6/115. Belis, Ken, A convert should consi- der a traditional perspective, 6/115. Bernstein, Irving, Neuman, Mordecai, A call to return, 6/116. Noyes, Distortion should not be labeled dissent, 6/119. Gary, Why i became a jew, 6/107. Ozick, Cynthia, in Bogen, S.A., ... but others say about braces, 6/112. Book month forum, 6/103. Pearl, Chaim, Church and state — let's be reasonable, 6/108. Pierson, Helen G., Bondi, Arnold, Homosexuality endangers commun- in Women as federation campaign heads, 6/108. ity survival, 6/102. Brill, Meyer, Judaism as hebraic culture, 6/115. Braun, George, Blessings remind us of Pois, Robert, Our enemies — they merit our scorn, the divine and ourselves, 6/115. Chertok, Harvey, 6/104. Polak, Joseph, in Facing domestic issues in From the radicalism of the sixties to aliyah, 6/113. the election, 6/114. Polay, Nita, A bill of lefts for Chinitz, Jacob, A re we really Zionists?, 6/115. jewish lefties, 6/110. Priesand, Sally, in Book month forum, 6/103. Raab, Earl, in Facing domestic issues Cohen, Max, After the holocaust we cannot believe in the election, 6/114. in god, 6/104. Delaney, Put, Conversion involves mind and soul as well as heart, 6/112. Dobin, Rubin Rabinowitz, Roselind, in Women as federation R., We seek red cross recognition of magen david campaign heads, 6/108. Raskas, Bernard, When a life adom, 6/115. Feren, Maury, Physical fitness enhances is no life — the right to die, 6/103. Raspanti, Celeste, jewish life, 6/104. Fiebach, Seymour J., Reviving The soul is touched, the heart converts, 6/109. synagogue life from within, 6/115. Rossel, Seymour, in Book month forum, 6/103. Rubens, Paul, "Ani holechet bingo", 6/113. Firschein, Oscar, Hebrew school — a threat to the jewish people, 6/115. Fram, Leon, We must treat Rubin, Ronald and Evelyn, Friends in need of votes, israel with special devotion, 6/119. Frank, Gay, Once friends indeed?, 6/119. Salkin, Jeffrey, Zionism must a convert... — some anecdotes, 6/115. Friedland, allow for open dissent, 6/104. Sandler, Robert, The Eric L., The rambam teaches us to keep our bodies academic as synagogue alien, 6/105. Schaalman, Her- strong, 6/104. Fuchs - Kreimer, Nancy, Feminism in- man, Serving the aging synagogue, 6/109. Schulweis, creases risks along with options, 6/101. Harold M., When dissent is not a virtue, 6/117. Ganz, Yaffa, What Sh'ma said was not what i meant, Schwartz, Elkanah, Who's covering carter - and the 6/116. Garfield, Samuel, The conversion of a jew to rest?, 6/114. Schwartz, Stanley, Orthodoxy, too jew- judaism, 6/112. Glaser, Samuel Z., Clothing is a ish for the suburbs?, 6/105. Schwarzschild, Henry, practical need, 6/104. Goldbogen, David, Conversion

163 does not make the jew, 6/112. Gornish, Gerald, christian understanding of jewish history, 6/115. Church-state relations: striking a delicate balance, 6/112. Rosenthal, Gilbert S., Giving tzedakah is a mitzvah, in synagogue too, 6/119. Schweid, Eliezer, Dissenting Gould, Shirley, Our children are grown — do we have words — yes; dissenting actions — no, 6/117. a place in shul?, 6/115. Green, Abe Rodger, Growing up in a classical reform temple, 6/105. Green, Elliot, Selby, Murray, The bickering of rabbis alienates jews, 6/106. Singer, Israel, The domestic politics of foreign All jews are holocaust survivors, 6/103. Haber, David, policy, 6/115. Singer, Norman F., Reform judaism's Halachah is our only authentic guide, 6/115. Halpern, acceptance of Zionism is welcome, 6/105. Spero, Ben, Dissenting views get too much coverage, 6/117. Shubert, We need discussion On the nature of Zion- ism, 6/108. Stern, Mrs. Melvin, Reminiscences of nanna, 6/115. Hamburger, Wolfgang, The pressures of assimilation are strong, 6/102. Heckelman, A. Joseph, Judaism is Stevens, Stanley, Dissenters show their failures as inseparable from Zionism, 6/108. Herrman, Klaus J., jews, 6/118. Tanenbaum, Charles J., Will soviet jews Reform judaism has become too nationalistic, 6/102. be forced to settle in israel?, 6/119. Tauber, Abra- Hurvitz, Mark, Community acceptance of homo- ham, Why are we guilty if we did what we could?, sexuals is growing, 6/102. Israel, Richard J., Physical 6/116. Taxon, Jordon I., Faith and reason — the exercise is a healthy jewish concern, 6/103.. mystical roots, 6/115. Wachtel, Nili, Israelis in america — who are we to talk?, 6/115. Kanter, Shamai, Exploring jewish

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