74 Bab Iv Peran Mohammad Hatta Tahun 1955-1965 A
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Covert Action to Prevent Realignment by Cullen Gifford Nutt
Sooner Is Better: Covert Action to Prevent Realignment by Cullen Gifford Nutt September 2019 ABSTRACT Why do states intervene covertly in some places and not others? This is a pressing question for theorists and policymakers because covert action is widespread, costly, and consequential. I argue that states wield it—whether by supporting political parties, arming dissidents, sponsoring coups, or assassinating leaders—when they fear that a target is at risk of shifting its alignment toward the state that the intervener considers most threatening. Covert action is a rational response to the threat of realignment. Interveners correctly recognize a window of opportunity: Owing to its circumscribed nature, covert action is more likely to be effective before realignment than after. This means that acting sooner is better. I test this argument in case studies of covert action decision-making by the United States in Indonesia, Iraq, and Portugal. I then conduct a test of the theory’s power in a medium-N analysis of 97 cases of serious consideration of such action by the United States during the Cold War. Interveners, I suggest, do not employ covert action as a result of bias on the part of intelligence agencies. Nor do they use it to add to their power. Rather, states act covertly when they fear international realignment. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1. The Puzzle and Its Importance In April 1974, military officers in Portugal overthrew a right-wing dictatorship. A caretaker government under a conservative officer, Antonio Spínola, set elections for March of 1975. But Spínola resigned at the end of September, frustrated with menacing opposition from the left. -
461114 1 En Bookbackmatter 209..247
Conclusion: Convergent Paths In November 1945, the President of the Republic of Vietnam, Hồ Chí Minh, sent a letter addressed to ‘the President of the Republic of Indonesia’, proposing that a joint declaration of solidarity to be made by Indonesia and Vietnam in the form of a ‘Preparatory Commission Struggling for a Federation of the Free Peoples of Southern Asia’. The letter, entrusted to an American journalist named Harold Isaacs, did not reach President Soekarno.1 It was handed to Vice-President Mohammad Hatta, who then passed it on to Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir. Sjahrir discussed the offer with Soedjatmoko Koko, the interpreter to foreign correspon- dents of the Republican government, but told him that he would not reply and preferred just to ignore the letter. Sjahrir indifference sprang from his conviction that the situation in Indonesia and Vietnam were very different. The Indonesian nationalists were up against the Dutch, who were ‘a weak colonial power and could be defeated quickly.’ Hồ Chí Minh had to contend with the French, who could and would resist him for a long time. Furthermore, he looked askance at the fact that the DRV government depended on support from the communists, which was not the case in Indonesia. In conclusion, Sjahrir argued, ‘If we ally ourselves with Hồ Chí Minh, we shall weaken ourselves and delay Independence.’2 The story of the missed opportunity for cooperation between Vietnam and Indonesia3 as a result of Sjahrir’s ‘betrayal of the greater Asian revolution’,as 1Harold Robert Isaacs is the author of No Peace for Asia, which has been cited widely in this dissertation. -
Words: Education; Opuses; Behind the Story of Merah-Putih; Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou
STAINU Purworejo: Jurnal As Sibyan Vol 3 No 2, Desember 2020 Jurnal Kajian Kritis Pendidikan Islam dan Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar Homepage: https://ejournal.stainupwr.ac.id/ Email: [email protected] E-ISSN: : 2599-2732 PENGENALAN PAHLAWAN SAM RATULANGI PADA SISWA MI/SD Hilda Zuhri Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Email: [email protected] Orcid Id: Anis Fuadah Z Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Email: [email protected] Orcid Id: 0000-0002-5935-030X Abstract (in English; 12 pt Cambria) This article moots about a struggle of a famous and an influenced figure ever in that time, coming from Minahasa, North Sulawesi. He fought for Indonesia in his own way and got his thoughts gone viral even until now. His name is Gerungan Saul Samuel Jacob Ratulangi or usually called Sam Ratulangi. He also had the biggest role why Indonesia nowadays is called “Indonesia”. This article was made to 1) acquaint a biography of a patriot that is Gerungan Saul Samuel Jacob Ratulangi to learners, especially in elementary school. 2) acquaint the values in Sam Ratulangi. 3) know how Sam Ratulangi fought for his beloved country and what was his role in defending Indonesia. 4) acquaint his thoughts that is going viral even in nowadays. All of the data are gotten from books, literature, and journals that are related to the topic. Keywords: education; opuses; behind the story of Merah-Putih; Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas tentang perjuangan seorang pahlawan terkenal dan paling berpengaruh pada masanya dari Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. -
The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen Van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde
The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte KITLV, Leiden Henk Schulte Nordholt KITLV, Leiden Editorial Board Michael Laffan Princeton University Adrian Vickers Sydney University Anna Tsing University of California Santa Cruz VOLUME 293 Power and Place in Southeast Asia Edited by Gerry van Klinken (KITLV) Edward Aspinall (Australian National University) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki The Making of Middle Indonesia Middle Classes in Kupang Town, 1930s–1980s By Gerry van Klinken LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐ Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC‐BY‐NC 3.0) License, which permits any non‐commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of KITLV (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: PKI provincial Deputy Secretary Samuel Piry in Waingapu, about 1964 (photo courtesy Mr. Ratu Piry, Waingapu). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klinken, Geert Arend van. The Making of middle Indonesia : middle classes in Kupang town, 1930s-1980s / by Gerry van Klinken. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, ISSN 1572-1892; volume 293) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26508-0 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-26542-4 (e-book) 1. Middle class--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 2. City and town life--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 3. -
DECREE Number 46/PUU-XIV/2016 JUSTICE by THE
COPY DECREE Number 46/PUU-XIV/2016 JUSTICE BY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA [1.1] Who rule upon the constitution case in the first and last instance, rule down a ruling for the case of Commissioning of Law Number 1 Year 1946 concerning Criminal Regulation or Indonesian Criminal Code juncto Law Number 73 Year 1958 concerning Declaration of Enactment of Law Number 1 Year 1946 concerning Criminal Regulation for All Areas of the Republic of Indonesia and Amending the Indonesian Criminal Code to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which was proposed by: [Barcode] 1. Name : Prof. Dr. Ir. Euis Sunarti, M.S Occupation : Civil Servant Address : Jalan Bukit Asam nomor 29 From hereinafter shall be referred to as --------- ------------------------------------ Petitioner I; 2. Name : Rita Hendrawaty Soebagio, M.Si Occupation : Private Employee Address : Kencana Loka Block J-5/3 Sektor XII RT.004/RW.014, Rawabuntu Village, Serpong District, South Tangerang City; From hereinafter shall be referred to as --------- ----------------------------------- Petitioner II; 3. Name : Dr. Dinar Dewi Kania Occupation : Private Employee/Lecturer Address : Jalan Tanjung 15 Block E Number 5 RT.007/RW.002, West Tanjung Village, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta City; From hereinafter shall be referred to as --------- ---------------------------------- Petitioner III; 4. Name : Dr. Sitaresmi Sulistyawati Soekanto Occupation : Housewife/Lecturer at University of Indonesia Address : Komplek Timah Block CC Number 30 RT.005/RW.012, Kelapa Dua Village, Cimanggis District, Depok City; From hereinafter shall be referred to as --------- ----------------------------------- Petitioner IV; 5. Name : Nurul Hidayati Kusumahastuti Ubaya, S.S., MBA Occupation : Housewife Address : Jalan Parkit RT.004/RW.001, Sawah Besar Village, Ciputat District, South Tangerang City; From hereinafter shall be referred to as --------- ------------------------------------ Petitioner V; 6. -
Jaringan Rumah Sakit Rekanan PT Chubb Life Insurance Indonesia
Jaringan Rumah Sakit Rekanan PT Chubb Life Insurance Indonesia Kode ADM/ Nama Rumah Sakit/ Penanggung Jawab/ Nomor Telepon/ Nomor Fax/ No Daerah/State Kota/City Alamat/Address Divisi/Division Email ADM CODE Medical Provider Name Contact Person Hospital Phone Number Hospital Fax Number 1 BALI BADUNG 3429 KF 0384 BERAWA JL.RAYA SEMAT,DS.TIBUBENENG,BADUNG, TIBUBENENG, KUTA UTARA, BADUNG- - 0361761834/082114696984 - [email protected] [email protected];[email protected]; 2 BALI BADUNG 4867 RS. BALI JIMBARAN JL. KAMPUS UNUD LING. PERARUDAN, JIMBARAN, KUTA SELATAN WIDYA WIDHIASTUTI MARKETING (0361) 4725123 / 082138977403 (0361) 4725122 [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected];[email protected];[email protected];kadekl 3 BALI BADUNG 5783 RS. KHUSUS BEDAH BIMC NUSA DUA BALIBLOK D KAWASAN BTDC NUSA DUA IBU SISKA MARKETING 0361-3000911 0361-3001150 [email protected] 4 BALI BADUNG 6761 KLINIK TAKENOKO JL. SUNSET ROAD NO.77A, KUTA DR. I KOMANG WIRAJAYA PIC 0361-4727288 0361-4727289 [email protected] 5 BALI BADUNG 6786 KLINIK PRATAMA SADA JIWA BR PASEKAN, SEMBUNG, MENGWI DR I GUSTI AYU PURI AYUNI MANAGER OPERASIONAL 0361-829225 / 829888 - [email protected] 6 BALI BADUNG 7013 KLINIK DWI KARYA USADHA JL. RAYA KEROBOKAN LINGKUNGAN BANJAR CAMPUAN KEL. KEROBOKAN KEC. KUTAEKA LEONIUTARA MULYA DEWI MARKETING 0361-9342142 - [email protected]; [email protected] 7 BALI BANGLI 4898 RS. BANGLI MEDIKA CANTI JL. TIRTA GIRI KUTRI LCSUBAK AYA BEBALANG, BANGLI, BALI SANG KOMPYANG - 0366-91555/93444 - [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 8 BALI BULELENG 0870 RSU. KERTHA USADA JL. CENDRAWASIH, NO.5-7, SINGARAJA IBU ECHA MARKETING 0362-26277/8 0362-22741 [email protected]; [email protected] 9 BALI BULELENG 1451 RSU. -
Roadside Environmental Evaluation System for Road Network Planning
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) || Volume || 7 || Issue || 7 Ver. I|| Pages || PP 19-27 || 2018 || ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 23-19 – 1805 Roadside Environmental Evaluation System for Road Network Planning Freddy Jansen Department of Civil Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Freddy Jansen -----------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------- Air pollution and noise pollution from vehicles is a factor included in the assessment of the environmental impact of road. In order to carry out this assessment it is necessary to have a method to know the environmental condition of the road. In the relation to the roadside environmental problems, the planner should be know the environmental condition of each road section or road side, such as which roadside have bad environmental condition. This is very useful for planning and improving purpose. This paper describes the method of evaluating the environmental condition of road through the comparison of each roadside. To support this evaluating works, the preference analysis method were developed is used to find the designated output. Through this evaluation method, the ranking of roadside in relation to the environmental condition is proposed. The ranking is presented from the roadside with bad environmental condition this micro level presentation is then practicable and enormously useful for further inspire in roadside environmental evaluation. KEYWORDS -
Current Ecumenical Movement and Spirit in Indonesia
Current Ecumenical Movement and Spirit in Indonesia Jan S. Aritonang1 Preliminary Remarks In September 2008 a new and very comprehensive book on Christianity (including churches) in Indonesia was published. A History of Christianity in Indonesia2 covers a period of almost 500 years, and provides a chapter concerning the presence of [Nestorian] Christianity since the 7th century in a small town at the west coast of Sumatra. One of the 21 chapters concerns the ecumenical movement and spirit in this country (written by the writer of this paper). This paper refers mostly to that chapter. The Nestorian Church of the 7th century was discontinued. The existing Christianity or churches started from early 16th century. The first one is the Roman Catholic that came with the Portuguese-Spanish imperialism. This was followed by the Protestant / Calvinist / Reformed Church brought by the Dutch East Indian trading company (VOC) since early 17th century. The quite fast and fertile growth of the churches (with various confessional identities) was in the 19th and 20th centuries. Currently there are around 24 million Christians (10% of the population). They are scattered or divided into more than 350 denominations or church organizations (324 are registered in the Department of Religious Affairs; around 50 are still queuing for registration). In terms of number of members, the biggest is the Roman Catholic Church with ca. 7 million. Among the non-Catholic churches, the biggest is Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia (GPdI is a Pentecostal church) with around 4.2 million members and 11.000s local congregations; the second is Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP, Batak Christian Protestant Church) with around 3.75 million members and 4000 local congregations (covering several congregations overseas: Singapore, Los Angeles, Denver, etc.); the third is Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI, also a Pentecostal church) with around 2.5 million members and around 6000 local congregations, including overseas. -
Pengelolaan Pencemaran Udara Akibat Transportasi
Sabua Vol.5, No.2: 87-95 Agustus 2013 ISSN 2085-7020 HASIL PENELITIAN PENGARUH PASAR TRADISIONAL KAROMBASAN TERHADAP KINERJA JALAN ARNOLD MONONUTU DI KOTA MANADO Wahyuni Eka Putri1, James Timboeleng2, Andy Malik3 & Esli D. Takumansang4 1Mahasiswa S1 Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah & Kota Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado 1Staf Pengajar Jurusan Sipil, Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado 2 &,3Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado Abstrak. Kemacetan di Pasar Karombasan terjadi akibat proses bongkar muat barang, parkir kendaraan dan pedagang yang menggunakan bahu jalan sebagai tempat berjualan. Aktivitas pasar biasanya meningkat pada akhir pekan dimana pedagang berjualan dibadan jalan sementara lokasi jalan di pasar Karombasan merupakan titik temu dua jalur kendaraan dari arah Paal 2 dan Ranotana yang masuk menjadi satu jalur. Sehingga dari permasalahan ini perlu ditinjau pengaruh pasar dengan kinerja jalan yang ada. Dalam menentukan kinerja jalan di pasar tradisional “Karombasan” dilakukan melalui dua metode yaitu dengan metode Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) dan metode Greenshield- Greenberg. Dari hasil penelitian di ruas jalan Arnold Mononutu dan ruas jalan Tolour menurut Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia didapatkan kinerja jalan untuk ruas Arnold Mononutu dan jalan Tolour sama yaitu kategori B (arus stabil, kecepatan kendaraan mulai dibatasi kendaraan lain tetapi masih bisa bermanuver). Kinerja jalan dengan menggunakan metode linier Greenshield didapat nilai R² = 0,832075081, kapasitas/volume maksimum = 866 smp/jam dan kinerja jalan kategori D (arus mulai tidak stabil) untuk ruas jalan Arnold Mononutu dan R² = 0,755526051, volume maksimum 805 smp/jam dan kinerja jalan kategori F (macet, berhenti, antrean) untuk ruas jalan Tolour. Untuk metode Greenberg didapat nilai R² = 0,941390128, volume maksimum 692 smp/jam dan kinerja jalan kategori F (macet, berhenti, antrean) untuk ruas Arnold Mononutu dan nilai R² = 0,80190844, volume maksimum = 894 smp/jam dan kinerja jalan kategori F (macet, berhenti, antrean) untuk ruas jalan Tolour. -
109 Bab V Berakhirnya Pemerintahan Kabinet
BAB V BERAKHIRNYA PEMERINTAHAN KABINET WILOPO Kabinet Wilopo selama periode pemerintahannya telah banyak melakukan kebijakan-kebijakan dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang ada pada saat itu. Program kerja yang dilaksanakan pemerintahan Kabinet Wilopo secara tidak langsung juga membawa kemajuan yang pesat dalam beberapa bidang bagi Indonesia. Seperti halnya kabinet-kabinet sebelumnya, sepak terjang pemerintahan kabinet ini tidak berjalan semulus yang dibayangkan. Banyak peristiwa yang terjadi antara pada masa itu juga turut mendorong jatuhnya Kabinet Wilopo. Beberapa peristiwa yang memiliki peran besar dalam jatuhnya kabinet adalah sebagai berikut. A. Peristiwa 17 Oktober 1952 Pada masa Kabinet Wilopo bertugas, pemerintah telah dihadapkan pada berbagai masalah negara. Baik itu masalah dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Entah itu masalah ekonomi, sosial, politik, ataupun keamanan. Masalah atau kasus-kasus tersebut tentunya berdampak langsung bagi keadaan pemerintah maupun negara pada saat itu, seperti peristiwa 17 Oktober 1952 ini. Peristiwa ini mungkin menjadi salah satu kasus sulit yang dihadapi pemerintah Kabinet Wilopo. Peristiwa ini dilatar belakangi permasalahan angkatan perang di Indonesia yang masih sangat heterogen pada masa itu. Pemerintah ingin menciptakan angkatan perang yang tidak terpecah-pecah dan sejalan dengan tuntutan jaman. 109 110 Selain itu demobilisasi dan pengurangan anggaran Kementeriaan Pertahanan perlu dilaksanakan mengingat negara mengalami krisis keuangan pada saat itu.1 Demi menyederhanakan angkatan perang tersebut Kepala Staff Angkatan Darat (KSAD) dibawah pimpinan Jendral A. H. Nasution hendak membangun TNI dan memasukan bekas tentara Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger (KNIL) kedalamnya. Selain itu juga munculnya rencana pemerintah untuk memutasi panglima-panglima melahirkan permasalahan dalam tubuh angkatan perang itu sendiri.2 Kebijakan KSAD ini memunculkan rasa tidak puas dari beberapa perwira TNI AD. -
CHAPTER III Political Thought of Mohammad Natsir A. Biography Of
CHAPTER III Political Thought of Mohammad Natsir A. Biography of Mohammad Natsir 1. Life of Mohammad Natsir Mohammad Natsir was born in Alahan Panjang, Gumanti valley, Solok district , West Sumatra province on July 17th, 1908 from his parents Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado and Khadijah.1 In his childhood, Natsir and his family lived in the Sutan Rajo Ameh’s house, a famous coffee merchant there. By the owner, the house was divided into two parts; Natsir and his family live on the left and Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado stay to the right.2 Natsir has three siblings, namely Yukinan, Rubiah, and Yohanusun. His last father position was as a government employee in Alahan Panjang, while his grandfather was an Islamic scholar. He later became the custom authorities for his people who came from Maninjau, Tanjung Raya, Agam with title Datuk Sinaro nan panjang.3 Natsir started an education at the Elementary School Maninjau for two Years until the second grade, and then moved to Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS) Adabiyah in Padang .4 After a few months, he moved to Solok and cared in the house merchant namely Haji Musa. Beside studied in HIS in day, he also studien in Madrasah diniyah at the evening.5 Three years later, he moved back to HIS in Padang with his sister. In 1923, he continued his studies at Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) then joined the youth associations as Pandu Nationale Islamietische Pavinderij and Jong Islamieten Bond. After graduating from MULO, he moved to Bandung to study at the General Middelbare 1Thohir Luth, Natsir, Dakwah dan Pemikirannya, Jakarta, Gema Insani, 1999, P. -
KOORDINASI PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA WILAYAH IX Jl
KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI KOORDINASI PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA WILAYAH IX Jl. Bung KM. 09 Tamalanrea Makassar-Sulawesi Selatan Telp. (0411) 586201-586202 Fax. (0411) 586241 Website: www. Kopertis9.or.id Nomor : 171/K9/AK.03/2017 11 Desember 2017 Lampiran : 1 (satu) lembar Hal : Kegiatan Sosialisasi Inklusi KesaDaran Pajak YtH. Pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi Sulawesi Utara Lingkup Kopertis Wilayah IX (daftar terlampir) SeHubungan Dengan surat Kepala Kanwil Direktorat JenDeral Pajak Sulawesi Utara, TengaH, Gorontalo Dan Maluku Utara Nomor: S-32/WPJ.16/2018 tanggal 8 Januari 2018 perihal sebagaimana tersebut Di atas, dengan hormat kami mengundang Saudara untuk mengikuti Sosialisasi Dan Sharing Session terkait Hal tersebut pada: Hari/Tanggal : Kamis, 18 Januari 2017 Pukul : 08.30 WITA s.d selesai Tempat : GeDung Keuangan Negara ManaDo Jl. BetHesda nomor 6-8, Manado Berkaitan Dengan Hal tersebut, kami moHon pimpinan PT untuk menugaskan 2 orang Dosen untuk mengikuti kegiatan tersebut dengan membawa laptop. Perlu kami sampaikan bahwa biaya komsumsi kegiatan tersebut akan Ditanggung oleH Kanwil DJP Sulawesi Utara, TengaH, Gorontalo Dan Maluku Utara seDangkan untuk biaya perjalanan Dinas Dan uang harian ditanggung oleh masing-masing perguruan tinggi. Informasi lebiH lanjut dapat menghubungi 081355650491 atau 08114310588 Demikian kami sampaikan, Atas perHatian Dan kerja sama SauDara Disampaikan terima kasiH. K o o r D i n a t o r, ttd Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj. AnDi NiartiningsiH, MP NIP. 19611201 198703 2 002 Tembusan : Kepala Kantor WilayaH DJP Sulawesi Utara, TengaH, Gorontalo Dan Maluku Utara Lampiran Surat Nomor: 171/K9/AK.03/2018 Tanggal: 11 Januari 2018 NO KD_PTS PERGURUAN TINGGI ALAMAT PTS 1 091005 Universitas Kristen InDonesia Tomohon Jl.