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Bok Om Kenyon (E.W REFLEKS-serien Serien tar sikte på utgivelse av faglitteratur spesifikt viet pinsekristendom og moderne karismatikk, samt førstnevntes forløpere, 1800-tallets hellighetsbevegelse og tilgrensende bevegelser. 1. E.W. Kenyon: Sektstifter eller kristen lederskikkelse? En historisk undersøkelse av Kenyons teologi med særlig henblikk på dens historiske røtter og innflytelsen på samtid og ettertid Geir Lie. 2003. Tidsskriftet REFLEKS Fagtidsskrift bestående av norske og engelskspråklige dybdeartikler. Tidligere utgivelser: • Apostelgaven Temanummer 2002 • Troshelbredelse Temanummer 2002 Neste nummer: • Hellighetsbevegelsen og kvinner i forkynnertjeneste Dobbelt temanummer 2003 E.W. Kenyon: Sektstifter eller kristen lederskikkelse? En historisk undersøkelse av Kenyons teologi med særlig henblikk på dens historiske røtter og innflytelsen på samtid og ettertid Geir Lie Refleks-serien, nr. 1 Refleks Forlag Oslo 2003 REFLEKS-serien Utgitt i Norge av forlaget Refleks Ravnkroken 60G 1254 Oslo Ó Refleks forlag 2003 Det må ikke kopieres fra denne bok i strid med åndsverkloven eller avtaler om kopiering inngått med KOPINOR, Interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk. Kopiering i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatningsansvar og inndragning, og kan straffes med bøter eller fengsel. Omslag og layout : www.flikkeid.no Trykk og innbinding: Elanders Novum ISBN 82-996599-0-6 INNHOLD: Forord 9 Innledning 11 E.W. Kenyons liv og virke 15 Barne- og ungdomsår 15 Kenyons tjeneste på Østkysten 18 Kenyons tjeneste på Vestkysten 26 Kenyons tjeneste videreføres posthumt 31 Budskapet 32 Gud 32 Satan 33 Mennesket 33 Fallets konsekvenser 34 Blodspakten 36 Inkarnasjonen 36 Jesu rolle vis-à-vis den gamle pakt 38 Jesu stedfortredende gjerning 38 Menneskets forløsning 39 Den nye skapningen 40 Helliggjørelse 40 Den troendes autoritet 41 Ordet 41 E.W. Kenyon: Sektstifter eller kristen lederskikkelse? Den praktiske tilegnelse av frelsesverkets velsignelser 42 Historiske og teologiske røtter 43 Unitarer og universalister 44 Transcendentalister 47 Christian Science og New Thought 48 Christian Science 49 New Thought 53 Faith-Cure bevegelsen 57 Emerson College of Oratory – kun “sekterisk” belastet? 59 Paralleller og kontraster mellom Faith- og Mind-Cure 62 Historiske røtter: Faith- eller Mind-Cure? 64 Teologiske røtter: Faith- eller Mind-Cure? 69 Epistemologi 69 Dualisme? 69 Fornektelse av sanseinformasjon? 71 Eksakt Gudskunnskap? 73 Kristent klasseskille? 74 Antropologi 74 Jesu åndelige død 77 Tro 82 Et formular? 82 En åndelig lov? 83 Guds type tro? 86 Troens objekt 87 Sykdom og helbredelse 90 Free-Will baptistene 93 The Christian Church og Disciples of Christ 94 Sammenfatning 96 Historisk og teologisk innflytelse 98 Generell innflytelse 98 Pinsebevegelsen 102 Ikke-trinitarisk pinsekristendom 108 “Post-World War II Healing Movement” 109 Sammenfatning 112 Innflytelse i Skandinavia 114 Innflytelse via Kenneth E. Hagin og trosbevegelsen 114 Innflytelse via T.L. Osborn 116 Innflytelse via skandinavisk pinsebevegelse 118 Andre kanaler for Kenyons innflytelse 119 Sammenfatning 130 Konklusjon og sammenfatning 131 Appendix: Hva skjedde mellom korset og tronen? En 134 deskriptiv analyse av E.W. Kenyons undervisning om identifikasjon Litteraturliste 147 E.W. Kenyon: Sektstifter eller kristen lederskikkelse? Forord Forord “Herlighetsteologi” og “trosforkynnelse” er verdiladede uttrykk, og ikke få har søkt å ta et oppgjør med den tenkning man mener denne bevegelsen forfekter. Mange har imidlertid oppdaget at uttrykkene slett ikke er entydige. Selv tenker jeg på trosbevegelsen som summen av de menigheter og kristne fellesskap som opplever en læremessig lojalitet til Kenneth E. Hagins litteratur. Jeg har selv trosbakgrunn i den forstand at jeg har gått på bibelskolen Victory Bible Institute og menigheten Victory Christian Center i Tulsa, Oklahoma i 1983-84. Jeg har lest mange av bøkene til de mest fremtredende amerikanske trosforkynnerne. Omtrent fra begynnelsen av fikk imidlertid E.W. Kenyons bøker en særstilling, og i 1982 oversatte jeg ti av hans småhefter til norsk. “Copyright” ble ikke innvilget, men selve oversettelsesarbeidet skapte en lengsel etter å trenge bak undervisningen og bli bedre kjent med forfatteren. Kenyon døde i 1948, og bøkene hans inneholder minimalt med selvbiografisk materiale. Faktisk har Kenyon vært omgitt av en viss mystikk også innen troskretser. Først i og med Daniel Ray McConnells bok A Different Gospel1 har navnet Kenyon blitt nevneverdig kjent også utenfor disse. Jeg leste boken i 1989. Mye av innholdet var nytt for meg, og jeg gjennomgikk en teologisk krise som varte i underkant av to år. Forfatteren hevder at Kenyon var påvirket av ikke-kristen filosofi, først og fremst formidlet via Christian Science, New Thought og unitarene. Påstanden om at Kenyons budskap var “et annet evangelium” og at den Jesus han forkynte, var “en annen Jesus”, syntes noe utrolig, men i og med at McConnell tilførte så mye ny informasjon, følte jeg meg tvunget til å ta han på alvor og seriøst ta stilling til påstandene. Jeg tok skriftlig kontakt med 3-4 av mine tidligere lærere ved bibelskolen i Tulsa (de jeg antok var mest kompetente til å gi alternative løsninger på McConnells problemstillinger), men da jeg ikke hørte tilbake fra noen av disse, besluttet jeg meg for å gå igang på egen hånd. For om mulig å kunne nullstille meg og bli istand til ihvert fall så godt det lot seg gjøre å eliminere min på forhånd positive forutinntatthet til Kenyons undervisning, valgte jeg å ta utgangspunkt i at ovennevnte påstand fra McConnells side kunne være korrekt. Konsekvensen ble i så fall at den “Jesus” jeg selv trodde jeg hadde tjent i en årrekke, var en falsk Jesus. Nullstillingsprosessen ble problematisk. En sterk emosjonell lojalitet og binding til de personer, sammenhenger og miljøer jeg hadde vært assosiert med, gjorde det vanskelig å vurdere Kenyon objektivt, sett fra utsiden så å si. I tillegg til å ha oversatt en rekke av hans bøker, hadde jeg bevisst inkorporert deler av hans eget begrepsapparat i mitt eget ordforråd, og ved de anledninger jeg tidligere hadde forkynt Guds Ord, hadde jeg aldri lagt skjul på at jeg “forkynte Kenyon”. Det tok nærmere ett år før jeg opplevde en såkalt 1 McConnell, 1988. 9 E.W. Kenyon: Sektstifter eller kristen lederskikkelse? identitetsforskyvning hvor jeg ikke lenger var engstelig for å oppdage ufordelaktige sider verken ved hans person eller lære. Denne publikasjonen er en noe bearbeidet og oppdatert versjon av min hovedfagsavhandling fra Det teologiske Menighetsfakultet i Oslo fra 1994. Enkelte har opplevd den som et fordekt partsinnlegg for Kenyons lære. Jeg kjenner meg ikke igjen i kritikken. Jeg vedkjenner åpent at min tidligere positive innstilling til visse sider ved Kenyons forkynnelse (eller egentlig hans anliggende) fremdeles står ved lag – om den dog i dag, forhåpentligvis, er mer rasjonelt enn følelsesmessig motivert. Samtidig skal det ikke underslås at jeg har til dels sterke innvendinger mot vesentlige sider ved forkynnelsen (eksempelvis det antropomorfe gudsbilde og den tvetydige kristologi som til tider presenteres). Det faller dog utenfor oppgavens interesse å ta stilling til hvorvidt læren er bibelsk forankret eller ei. Mitt forsøk på å frikjenne Kenyon går først og fremst på at han, så vidt jeg kan bedømme, ikke innestod for det mange av hans kritikere av i dag påstår at han gjorde. Mitt ønske er her å forstå og forklare Kenyon, ikke evaluere ham (det vil si la ham steke i sitt eget ideologiske fett!). Deler av avhandlingen har tidligere blitt publisert i ulike tidsskrift, ett norsk og to engelskspråklige. Jeg er takknemlig for den interesse for denne som har blitt gitt tilkjenne de siste par år – og det er utfra denne motivasjon jeg drister meg til å utgi denne oppdaterte versjonen, om enn i et begrenset opplag. Jeg både håper og tror at det vil bli et stadig større marked for tilsvarende publikasjoner som søker en faglig tilnærming til pinserelatert kristendom i vid forstand. Siden hovedfagsavhandlingen ble avsluttet i 1994, har Dale H. Simmons publisert en oppdatert versjon av sin opprinnelige doktoravhandling om Kenyon fra 1990 (E.W. Kenyon and the Postbellum Pursuit of Peace, Power, and Plenty [1997]). Også Joseph McIntyre, “president” for forlaget Kenyon Gospel Publishing Society, kom for noen år siden ut med sin bok om Kenyon (E.W. Kenyon and His Message of Faith. The True Story [1997]). Begge forfatterne legger seg nær opp til de konklusjoner som presenteres i mitt eget arbeid. Det er en glede å anerkjenne begges innfluering, idet vi siden tidlig på 90-tallet har hatt stadig kontakt og innbyrdes har utvekslet både synspunkter og kildemateriale. Takk også til Kenyon Gospel Publishing Society for positiv velvilje, samt tilgang på ellers vanskelig tilgjengelige fotografier. Fotografiene er gjengitt med spesifikk tillatelse. 10 Innledning Innledning I og med D.R. McConnells bok A Different Gospel har mange følt at debatten vis-à-vis “herlighetsteologene” er over. Kenneth E. Hagin har blitt beskyldt for plagiat av Kenyons skrifter, og de historiske forbindelseslinjene fra den “metafysiske” helbredelsesbevegelsen New Thought til den moderne trosbevegelsen gjennom Kenyons studium ved Emerson College of Oratory i Boston i 1892-93 synes å ha fastslått en gang for alle at trosforkynnelsens ideologi har ikke-kristent opphav.1 Kenyon har hatt innflytelse på mange både kjente og ukjente forkynnere innen blant annet amerikansk pinsebevegelse. Likevel er det først på grunn av Hagin og trosbevegelsen at han er blitt
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