DOCSLIB.ORG

The Non-Isocrinid Crinoids of the Michelotti Collection

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Non-Isocrinid Crinoids of the Michelotti Collection Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (3), 2005, 211-218. Modena, 30 novembre 2005211 The non-isocrinid crinoids of the Michelotti Collection Riccardo MANNI R. Manni, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; [email protected] KEY WORDS - Crinoids, Michelotti, Eocene, Miocene, North Italy. ABSTRACT - For the first time Tertiary non-isocrinid crinoids of the Michelotti Collection are described. In particular, Conocrinus pyriformis, C. thorenti, C. seguenzai, Holopus spileccense, and Cyathidium gastaldii are recognized. The material comes from Eocene and Miocene sediments of Piedmont and Veneto outcrops (North Italy). RIASSUNTO - [I crinoidi non isocrinidi della Collezione Michelotti] - Sono descritti i crinoidi non isocrinidi della Collezione Michelotti. Tale collezione fu donata dallo stesso Michelotti al Museo di Paleontologia dell’Università “La Sapienza” di Roma nel 1879. Comprendeva oltre 20.000 esemplari che erano stati rinvenuti in sedimenti terziari (Eocene e Miocene) del nord Italia (soprattutto Piemonte e Veneto). Purtroppo, durante la II guerra mondiale (19 luglio 1943), una bomba colpì in pieno un salone del Museo arrecando notevoli danni sia alle strutture che ai fossili. Numerosi furono i reperti di Michelotti che andarono perduti e solo ora si sta provvedendo al riordino del materiale superstite. I crinoidi rappresentano solo una minima parte di questa collezione. In particolare i crinoidi non isocrinidi sono in pratica inediti; tra essi sono state riconosciute le seguenti specie: Conocrinus pyriformis, C. thorenti e C. seguenzai, Holopus spileccense e Cyathidium gastaldii. INTRODUCTION (S. Vito, 9), C. zignoi (S. Vito, 5), Bourgueticrinus thorenti (S. Vito, 42); from Middle Miocene: In 1879 Giovanni Michelotti gave to Rome Micropocrinus gastaldii (Colli di Torino, 1), Conocrinus University his palaeontological collection. At that time seguenzai (Gavi, 30), Bourgueticrinus italicus this collection was constituted by over 20,000 fossil (Serravalle, 20); and from Pliocene: Bourgueticrinus specimens that were collected by Michelotti from italicus (Pienza, 6). These localities are all near Turin several Tertiary outcrops of North Italy. (Piedmont), except Bolca, near Verona (Veneto). This collection is important for Tertiary corals, but Besides, among the specimens of this collection here also for molluscs. Besides, from the Michelotti published, there is a cup of Holopus without original Collection register, it is evident that Michelotti collected label and not cited in the original Michelotti register. and classified also about 200 crinoid specimens. Michelotti recorded all the columnals as Michelotti described or cited (1847, 1861) only some Bourgueticrinus. Rasmussen (1978) underlines that in crinoid specimens (e.g. Isocrinus gastaldii (Michelotti, the crinoid literature “indeterminable columnals of 1847)). Tertiary Bathycrinidae have been recorded under Unfortunately, during the second World War (1943, different generic name (Rhizocrinus, Conocrinus and 19th July) a bomb hit a room of the Museum of Bourgueticrinus)”. For that reason and because it is Paleontology of “La Sapienza” University of Rome very difficult to assign a columnal to a cup, considering (MPURLS). The damages were enormous and also the that bathycrinids have different types of columnals in Michelotti Collection was damaged: several specimens a same stem, only cups are considered in the present were destroyed and many labels were displaced or paper. burned. In the frame of rearrangement of the historical collections of this Museum, the crinoid specimens of the Michelotti Collection were re-examined. The Subclass ARTICULATA Zittel, 1879 specimens of this collection are easily recognizable Order BOURGUETICRINIDA Sieverts-Doreck, 1953 because most of the specimens, as well as the original Family BATHYCRINIDAE Bather, 1899 labels, are still ticked on wooden base (Pl. 1, figs. 14- 17). Small crinoids characterized by five high basals In this paper only the cups of non-isocrinids species superposed by shorter radials. These plates can be will be described. completely or partially fused. Sometimes the radials can number four, five, six or seven. The columnals (Pl. 1, figs. 11-12, 15-16), with SYSTEMATICS different morphology in the same stem, are characterized by wide axial canals. In proximal Michelotti recognized the following non isocrinid columnals the articulation is synostosial; in others it is crinoid species from Eocene sediments: Conocrinus synarthrial, with variable orientation of the fulcral ridge. thorenti (locality: Bolca; 15 specimens), C. pyriformis The stem was attached by cirri. ISSN 0375-7633 N4 211 09/01/06 16 00 212 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (3), 2005 Bathycrinids are known from Maastrichtian to Material - Michelotti collected nine cups. At Recent. There are six genera: Bathycrinus Thomson, MPURLS are stored only three specimens labelled as 1872, Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850, Democrinus Perrier, MPURLS 2536. 1883, Dunnicrinus Moore, 1967, Monachocrinus Clark, 1917, and Rhizocrinus Sars, 1868. Description - The cups are stout and pear-shaped. The basals are high and stout, the radials low and stout. The external surface is smooth. The sutures rarely are Genus Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850 evident. The interradial projections, low, are developed overall inside the central cavity. The radial facets are Type species - Conocrinus thorenti (d’Archiac, wide but moderately narrow. On each facet a fulcral 1846). ridge separates the aboral surface from the adoral one. The adoral surface is wider than aboral one. The aboral Diagnosis - Small cups with five stout basal plates surface, a little outwardly sloping, is characterized by and five stout radial plates. The basals are very high a narrow half moon-shaped ligament fossa; the ligament while the radials are low. Sutures between the plates pit is not too evident. The adoral surface, inwardly may be indistinct. The basals can be fused and can sloping, is characterized by two wide fossae. The axial cover partially the radials. Radial facets are relatively canal is placed, centrally, above the fulcral ridge. The small; they are placed generally between low interradial underside of the cup, very small and circular, is entirely projections. The central cavity is shallow and occupied by a shallow cavity. In this cavity is the moderately large. The underside of the cups is entirely articular surface for the stem. occupied by the articular surface for the stem. The columnals have large opening of axial canal. Remarks - The characters of this species are very clear only in two specimens, because one specimen is Remarks - The main characters of this genus are: deformed: probably it is not a C. pyriformis, because it the sutures among the plates little evident, the very high seems too oblong. Besides, due to poor preservation, basals, the radial facets sunken between the interradial its radial facets are not evident. The specimen figured projections, and the shallow ventral cavity. Some by d’Archiac as Bourgueticrinus thorenti in pl. 9, fig. Conocrinus can resemble in general external morphology 27 is here considered a C. pyriformis for its some Democrinus; but Conocrinus differs in the stout morphological characters. Besides C. handiaensis Roux, basals and stout radial plates. Numerous fossil and living 1978 (Lutetian of Biarritz, France), is considered species of Conocrinus are known. synonym of C. pyriformis due to the evident resemblance. Ecology - Living species of Conocrinus have a wide depth range. In the Gascogne Gulf, specimens of Stratigraphic distribution - The material of Conocrinus cherbonnieri are found at a minimum depth Michelotti comes from the Eocene sediments of San of -330 m (Roux & Plaziat, 1978) and specimens of Vito (Turin). C. cabiochi are found between -1975 m and -2070 m Cups of C. pyriformis are widespread in the Tertiary (Roux & Montenat, 1977); in Indonesia specimens of sediments of Italy: Meneghini (1976) cited specimens C. globularis are found at depth of -345 m (Roux & from Mossano (Berici Mts.); Rovasenda (1892) cited Montenat, 1977). specimens from the Bartonian sediments of Gassino Stratigraphic distribution - Fossil specimens of Conocrinus are known from Eocene and Miocene sediments of France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Croatia (Istria) (Biese & Sieverts-Doreck, 1939). Conocrinus pyriformis (Münster, 1826-33) (Fig. 1; Pl. 1, figs. 1-3, 17) 1826-33 Eugeniacrinites pyriformis MÜNSTER, p.165, pl. 50, fig. 6. 1850 Bourgueticrinus thorenti d’Archiac - D’ARCHIAC, p. 418, pl. 9, fig. 27. 1876 Conocrinus pyriformis (Münster, 1826-33) - MENEGHINI, p. 46-50. 1876-80 Conocrinus (Rhizocrinus) pyriformis (Münster, 1826- 33) - ZITTEL, p. 392, fig. 281. 1924 Rhizocrinus pyriformis (Münster, 1826-33) - ZITTEL, p. 198, fig. 320. 1929 Conocrinus pyriformis (Münster, 1826-33) - PASOTTI, p. 72-75, pl. 1, figs. 1-2, 5, 7-8, 17, 20. Fig. 1 - Conocrinus pyriformis (Münster, 1826-33). a) lateral 1978 Conocrinus handiaensis ROUX, p. 265, fig. 1F. view; b) ventral view; c) dorsal view (all x 5). N4 212 09/01/06 16 00 R. Manni - Crinoids of the Michelotti Collection 213 (Turin); Zittel (1876-80) from the Eocene of Verona; The Jaekel specimen figured by Rasmussen (1978) Pasotti (1929) from the Eocene of Gassino and from as “old specimen” is here considered to pertain to C. the Palaeogene of Verona. At last, Albus (1930) cited veronensis (Jaekel,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Description and Molecular Analysis of Newly Recorded Anneissia Pinguis(Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Ko
    Journal of Species Research 9(4):467-472, 2020 Morphological description and molecular analysis of newly recorded Anneissia pinguis (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Korea Philjae Kim1,2 and Sook Shin1,3,* 1Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea 2Division of Ecological Conservation, Bureau of Ecological Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam 33657, Republic of Korea 3Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] The crinoid specimens of the genus Anneissia were collected from Nokdong, Korea Strait, and Moseulpo, Jeju Island. The specimens were identified as Anneissia pinguis (A.H. Clark, 1909), which belongs to the family Comatulidae of the order Comatulida. Anneissia pinguis was first described by A.H. Clark in 1909 around southern Japan. This species can be distinguished from other Anneissia species by a longish and stout cirrus, much fewer arms, and short distal cirrus segments. The morphological features of Korean specimens are as follows: large disk (20-35 mm), 28-36 segments and 32-43 mm length cirrus, division series in all 4 (3+4), very stout and strong distal pinnule with 18-19 comb and 40 arms. In Korea fauna, only three species of genus Anneissia were recorded: A. intermedia, A. japonica, and A. solaster. In this study, we provide the morphological description and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Keywords: Anneissia pinguis, crinoid, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, morphological feature, phylogeny Ⓒ 2020 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2020.9.4.467 INTRODUCTION al cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) is usually used in DNA barcoding studies of echinoderms (Ward et al., The family Comatulidae Fleming 1828 comprises 105 2008; Hoareau and Boissin, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Study on the Feather Stars (Crinoidea: Echinodermata) from Egyptian Red Sea Coasts and Suez Canal, Egypt
    Open Journal of Marine Science, 2012, 2, 51-57 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2012.22007 Published Online April 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojms) Taxonomic Study on the Feather Stars (Crinoidea: Echinodermata) from Egyptian Red Sea Coasts and Suez Canal, Egypt Ahmed M. Hellal Marine Biology and Fish Science Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected] Received November 27, 2011; revised January 16, 2012; accepted January 25, 2012 ABSTRACT A taxonomic study on the crinoids (feather stars) collected from 34 sites from the Red Sea coasts and islands as well as the Suez Canal was done during the period from 1992 to 2003. A total of 15 species are now known from the Red Sea belonging to eleven genera under six families. Among them four species are endemic to the Red Sea and the two spe- cies, Decametra chadwicki and Lamprometra klunzingeri, are recorded from the Suez Canal for the first time. Also, the two species, Oligometra serripinna and Dorometra aegyptica, are new record from Gulf of Suez, and Decametra mollis from Gulf of Aqaba and Northern Red Sea. This study represents the first proper documentation of crinoid species in the study area. Summaries are provided of the specific habitats and geographical distribution. Keywords: Crinoidea; Red Sea; Suez Canal; Taxonomy; Habitats; Geographical Distribution 1. Introduction 2. Material and Methods Feather-stars constitute group of echinoderms belonging 2.1. Field Observation, Collection and to class Crinoidea and order Comatulida, having five to Preservation hundreds of arms surrounding their cup-like bodies [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • Thiolliericrinid Crinoids from the Lower Cretaceous of Crimea
    THIOLLIERICRINID CRINOIDS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF CRIMEA by Vladimir G. KLIKUSHIN Geobios, n° 20, fasc. 5 p. 625-665, 18 fig., 2tabl., 1 pi. Lyon, octobre 1987 THIOLLIERICRINID CRINOIDS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF CRIMEA by Vladimir G. KLIKUSHIN * Abstract RÉSUMÉ The family Thiolliericrinidae (Oxfordian - Hauteri- La famille Thiolliericrinidae (Oxfordien - Hauteri- vian) includes the stalked crinoids of the order Coma- vien) comprend les crinoïdes pédonculés de l’ordre tulida, inhabiting reef fades. Remains of 12 thiollieri- Comatulida, vivant dans des milieux récifaux. 12 crinid species (10 among them are new) belonging to espèces (dont 10 sont nouvelles) de Thiolliericrinidae six genera (Thiolliericrinus, Burdigalocrinus, Lorioli- sont décrites du Berriasien et du Yalanginien de la crinus, Conoideocrinus nov. gen., Umbocrinus nov. Crimée. Ces espèces appartiennent à six genres : gen., and Heberticrinus nov. gen.) from the Berria- Thiolliericrinus, Burdigalocrinus, Loriolicrinus, sian and Valanginian of Crimea are described. On the Conoideocrinus nov. gen., Umbocrinus nov. gen. et basis of an extensive material (hundreds of calyxes, Heberticrinus nov. gen. L’étude d’un matériel abon­ centr odor sals, brachials and columnals) the skeletal dant (des centaines de coupes dorsales, de pièces cen- morphology, the ontogenetic variations of the calyxes trodorsales et brachiales, de columnales) permet une and the phylogeny of the Thiolliericrinidae are discussion sur la morphologie du squelette, les varia­ reconstructed. The family taxonomy is defined more tions ontogénétiques des coupes dorsales et la phylo­ exactly regarding new morphological data. génie des Thiolliericrinidae. D’après les nouvelles données morphologiques la taxonomie de la famille est précisée. KEY-WORDS : CRINOIDEA, ARTICULATA, COMATULIDA, THIOLLIERICRINIDAE, TAXONOMY, NOMENCLATURE, MOR­ PHOLOGY, ONTOGENY, PHYLOGENY, CRETACEOUS, USSR.
    [Show full text]
  • Chariocrinus Japonicus, a New Species of Isocrinid Crinoid (Articulata) from the Lower Cretaceous of Takayama City, Central Japan
    Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no. 37 (2011), p. 115–121, 3 fi gs. © 2011, Mizunami Fossil Museum Chariocrinus japonicus, a new species of isocrinid crinoid (Articulata) from the Lower Cretaceous of Takayama City, central Japan Aaron W. Hunter a,b, Tatsuo Ojic, Timothy A. M. Ewinb and Kota Kitazawad aDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan < [email protected] > bDepartment of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK cNagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan dHADEEP, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan Abstract A specimen, originally described as ‘Pentacrinus’ from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of central Japan, is re-analysed and now recognised to be a new species of the genus Chariocrinus Hess, 1972, from the Lower Cretaceous. Chariocrinus japonicus sp. nov. has nine columnals per noditaxis, low columnal height, a pentalobate to sub-pentagonal articular facet and an impersistent median ridge on the latera. Chariocrinus was originally described from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland, and has also been recognised from elsewhere in Europe, Antarctica and North America. The Japanese specimen represents the first report of Chariocrinus in the Cretaceous of Asia, thereby significantly extending both its temporal and eastern geographical range. This specimen suggests Chariocrinus had a global distribution and, as such, conforms with the distribution of other Mesozoic and modern isocrinine genera. Key words: Crinoids, Lower Cretaceous, Mitarai Formation, Tetori Group, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan Introduction Japan (Goto, 1994); Pentacrinus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Kristian Taylor Nova Southeastern University
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 8-26-2015 A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Kristian Taylor Nova Southeastern University This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Kristian Taylor. 2015. A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (389) http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/389. This Dissertation is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) By Kristian Taylor Submitted to the Faculty of Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Nova Southeastern
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Site Condition Monitoring of Marine Sedimentary and Reef Habitats in Loch Laxford SAC
    Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 943 2015 site condition monitoring of marine sedimentary and reef habitats in Loch Laxford SAC COMMISSIONED REPORT Commissioned Report No. 943 2015 site condition monitoring of marine sedimentary and reef habitats in Loch Laxford SAC For further information on this report please contact: Lisa Kamphausen Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House INVERNESS IV3 8NW Telephone: 01463 725014 E-mail: [email protected] This report should be quoted as: Moore, C.G., Cook, R.L., Porter, J.S., Sanderson, W.G., Want, A., Ware, F.J., Howson, C., Kamphausen, L. & Harries, D.B. 2017. 2015 site condition monitoring of marine sedimentary and reef habitats in Loch Laxford SAC. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 943. This report, or any part of it, should not be reproduced without the permission of Scottish Natural Heritage. This permission will not be withheld unreasonably. The views expressed by the author(s) of this report should not be taken as the views and policies of Scottish Natural Heritage. © Scottish Natural Heritage 2017. COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary 2015 site condition monitoring of marine sedimentary and reef habitats in Loch Laxford SAC Commissioned Report No. 943 Project No: 014988 Contractor: Heriot-Watt University Year of publication: 2017 Keywords benthos; monitoring; condition; reefs; maerl; sediment; SAC; SCM; marine Background Loch Laxford SAC was established to afford protection for the marine features ‘large shallow inlets and bays’ and 'reefs'. The aim of the current 2015 study was to carry out site condition monitoring (SCM) of the designated features of the SAC, in order to identify any deterioration in the condition of the features and to form a judgement on their current condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Comatulid Crinoids in the Fossil Record: Methods And
    COMATULID CRINOIDS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD: METHODS AND RESULTS FOR THE EXTREMELY IMPERFECT by Kristopher J. S. Purens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Tomasz K. Baumiller, Chair Emeritus Professor Gerald R. Smith Associate Professor Jeffrey A. Wilson Associate Research Scientist Miriam L. Zelditch The evolutionary tree of life is an unbroken chain stretching from billions of years ago to the present day. The most proximal part is pictured here. © Kristopher J.S. Purens 2014 DEDICATION Dedicated to my grandparents: Janis and Natalia Purens, Ben and Josephine Swanka. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank many for their support and encouragement. This work would not have been possible without mentorship and countless assistance from T. Baumiller. Committee members M. Zelditch, G. Smith, and J. Wilson have provided advice and discussion. Thanks to my fellow Baumiller lab members A. Janevski, V. Syverson, and M. Veitch for support and assistance. Additional discussion was provided by C. Messing, L. Hemery, D. Miller, D. Meyer, and the University of Michigan Paleontology Seminar participants. Access to museum specimens was assisted by D. Pawson, J. Jagt, J. Bleaker, and M. Eléaume. On a personal level, Abigail Purens has been a steadfast supporter through good and bad, and without her I could not have succeeded. Many other friends have been tremendously important for my continued progress, including Daniel Poon, Emile Moacdieh, Andrea Jokisaari, Becca Anderson, Joe Anderson, Per Wiger, Tom Rose, Ivan Ludmer, Megan Regel, Lauren Jacobs and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Title of Thesis
    Isolation & Characterization of Organic Molecules from Mississippian-age Crinoids Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in Geological Sciences in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Victor J. Perez The Ohio State University April 2013 Project Advisors: Drs. William Ausich & Yu-Ping Chin i Abstract In examples of exceptional preservation, fossil crinoids (phylum Echinodermata) from the same locality display species-specific color preservation. These colors are produced by light absorbing chromophores in organic molecules and have been recognized as polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy and Orbitrap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used in this study to further elucidate the identity of these organic molecules, while also assessing the feasibility of utilizing these molecules as biomarkers to track phylogeny. Organic molecules extracted from fossil material were compared to extracts from modern echinoderm analogues in order to determine the most plausible identities. Results indicated that the organic molecules preserved in Paleozoic crinoids are distinct from those identified in Mesozoic crinoids. These differences may be attributed to biological differences between the different crinoid taxa, but most likely are associated with the different geologic settings that the crinoids were deposited in. ii Acknowledgements I must first recognize my advisors, Drs. Bill Ausich, Yo Chin, and Anne Carey, for without them I could not have done this project. Dr. Ausich has taught me so much in this last year and even managed to give me a true appreciation for echinoderms. Dr. Chin has been my advisor since my freshman year and has helped me progress not only in analytical chemistry, but independent research in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 61, NUMBER 15 NOTES ON THE RECENT CRINOIDS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM BY AUSTIN HOBART CLARK Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum (Publication 2242) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 31, 1913 Zfyt. iiorb $3aftttnore (preea BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. NOTES ON THE RECENT CRINOIDS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM By AUSTIN HOBART CLARK ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF MARINE INVERTEBRATES, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PREFACE During the summer of 1910 I paid a short visit to the British Museum for the purpose of studying the magnificent collection of recent crinoids, more especially the comatulids, preserved in that institution. Thanks to the courtesy of Professor F. Jeffrey Bell, who, in the most generous manner and, I fear, at no inconsiderable personal inconvenience, did everything which lay in his power to facilitate and to expedite my work, I was able in the limited time at my dis- posal to examine the entire collection of recent comatulids, taking copious notes on all the specimens upon which published records have been based, and identifying all of the unnamed material, at the same time drawing up diagnoses of such new species as I found. It was my wish to leave with Professor Bell my diagnoses of these new species so that he might describe them under his own name, as it seemed somewhat presumptuous for me to publish new and interesting observations based upon the material under the care of Professor Bell ; he, however, with his usual courtesy, insisted that he had no such feeling about the matter, and urged me to publish the descriptions of the new species I found under my name alone as opportunity offered.
    [Show full text]
  • Crinoids (E.G., Refs
    Persistent and widespread occurrence of bioactive quinone pigments during post-Paleozoic crinoid diversification Klaus Wolkenstein1 Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Edited by Tomasz K. Baumiller, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and accepted by the Editorial Board January 20, 2015 (received for review September 9, 2014) Secondary metabolites often play an important role in the adapta- (14, 15), closely related to the gymnochromes, suggesting that the tion of organisms to their environment. However, little is known fossil pigments may be only slightly changed during diagenesis. about the secondary metabolites of ancient organisms and their Although violet coloration has been occasionally observed in fossil evolutionary history. Chemical analysis of exceptionally well-pre- crinoids (e.g., refs. 16 and 17), until now, only very few chemical served colored fossil crinoids and modern crinoids from the deep sea proofs of quinone pigments have been found for crinoids other than suggests that bioactive polycyclic quinones related to hypericin Liliocrinus (14, 15, 18, 19). Recent measurements suggested the were, and still are, globally widespread in post-Paleozoic crinoids. presence of quinone-like compounds in Paleozoic (Mississippian) The discovery of hypericinoid pigments both in fossil and in present- crinoids (20), but the identity of these compounds has been ques- day representatives of the order Isocrinida indicates that the pig- tioned on methodological grounds (21). ments remained almost unchanged since the Mesozoic, also suggest- To investigate the general occurrence of polycyclic quinone ing that the original color of hypericinoid-containing ancient crinoids pigments in the Crinoidea, the coloration of numerous fossil may have been analogous to that of their modern relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Taxonomy and Classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)
    Journal of Paleontology, 91(4), 2017, p. 829–846 Copyright © 2017, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/17/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2016.142 Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata) David F. Wright,1,* William I. Ausich,1 Selina R. Cole,1 Mark E. Peter,1 and Elizabeth C. Rhenberg2 1School of Earth Sciences, 125 South Oval Mall, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 〈[email protected]〉, 〈[email protected]〉, 〈[email protected]〉, 〈[email protected]〉 2Department of Geology, Earlham College, 801 National Road West, Richmond, IN 47374, USA 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—A major goal of biological classification is to provide a system that conveys phylogenetic relationships while facilitating lucid communication among researchers. Phylogenetic taxonomy is a useful framework for defining clades and delineating their taxonomic content according to well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses. The Crinoidea (Echinodermata) is one of the five major clades of living echinoderms and has a rich fossil record spanning nearly a half billion years. Using principles of phylogenetic taxonomy and recent phylogenetic analyses, we provide the first phylogeny-based definition for the Clade Crinoidea and its constituent subclades. A series of stem- and node-based defi- nitions are provided for all major taxa traditionally recognized within the Crinoidea, including the Camerata, Disparida, Hybocrinida, Cladida, Flexibilia, and Articulata. Following recommendations proposed in recent revisions, we recog- nize several new clades, including the Eucamerata Cole 2017, Porocrinoidea Wright 2017, and Eucladida Wright 2017. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses support the resurrection of two names previously abandoned in the crinoid taxonomic literature: the Pentacrinoidea Jaekel, 1918 and Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer, 1885.
    [Show full text]