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Thiolliericrinid Crinoids from the Lower Cretaceous of Crimea

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Thiolliericrinid Crinoids from the Lower Cretaceous of Crimea THIOLLIERICRINID CRINOIDS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF CRIMEA by Vladimir G. KLIKUSHIN Geobios, n° 20, fasc. 5 p. 625-665, 18 fig., 2tabl., 1 pi. Lyon, octobre 1987 THIOLLIERICRINID CRINOIDS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF CRIMEA by Vladimir G. KLIKUSHIN * Abstract RÉSUMÉ The family Thiolliericrinidae (Oxfordian - Hauteri- La famille Thiolliericrinidae (Oxfordien - Hauteri- vian) includes the stalked crinoids of the order Coma- vien) comprend les crinoïdes pédonculés de l’ordre tulida, inhabiting reef fades. Remains of 12 thiollieri- Comatulida, vivant dans des milieux récifaux. 12 crinid species (10 among them are new) belonging to espèces (dont 10 sont nouvelles) de Thiolliericrinidae six genera (Thiolliericrinus, Burdigalocrinus, Lorioli- sont décrites du Berriasien et du Yalanginien de la crinus, Conoideocrinus nov. gen., Umbocrinus nov. Crimée. Ces espèces appartiennent à six genres : gen., and Heberticrinus nov. gen.) from the Berria- Thiolliericrinus, Burdigalocrinus, Loriolicrinus, sian and Valanginian of Crimea are described. On the Conoideocrinus nov. gen., Umbocrinus nov. gen. et basis of an extensive material (hundreds of calyxes, Heberticrinus nov. gen. L’étude d’un matériel abon­ centr odor sals, brachials and columnals) the skeletal dant (des centaines de coupes dorsales, de pièces cen- morphology, the ontogenetic variations of the calyxes trodorsales et brachiales, de columnales) permet une and the phylogeny of the Thiolliericrinidae are discussion sur la morphologie du squelette, les varia­ reconstructed. The family taxonomy is defined more tions ontogénétiques des coupes dorsales et la phylo­ exactly regarding new morphological data. génie des Thiolliericrinidae. D’après les nouvelles données morphologiques la taxonomie de la famille est précisée. KEY-WORDS : CRINOIDEA, ARTICULATA, COMATULIDA, THIOLLIERICRINIDAE, TAXONOMY, NOMENCLATURE, MOR­ PHOLOGY, ONTOGENY, PHYLOGENY, CRETACEOUS, USSR. MOTS-CLÉS : CRINOÏDES, ARTICULATA, COMATULIDA, THIOLLIERICRINIDAE, TAXONOMIE, NOMENCLATURE, MOR­ PHOLOGIE, ONTOGENIE, PHYLOGENIE, CRÉTACÉ, URSS. * Leningrad Mining Institute, 199026 Leningrad, USSR. Geobios, n° 20, fasc. 5 p. 625-665, 18 fig., 2tabl., 1 pl. Lyon, octobre 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 - Introduction........................................................p. 626 5 - Reconstruction of the skeleton..................... ..p. 652 2 - Localities and materials.....................................p. 626 Root formations ............................................... ..p. 652 Stem ......................................................................p. 653 3 - Terminology....................................................... .p. 629 A rm s.................................................................... ..p. 653 4 - Taxonomie description................................... .p. 631 6 - Ontogenetic variations of the calyxes ......... p. 656 Genus Solonaerium E tallon emend. Ra s m u s s e n ...........................................................p. 633 7 - Origin of the Thiolliericrinidae..................... p. 657 Genus Thiolliericrinus E t a l l o n .....................p. 634 8 - Development of the Thiolliericrinidae......... p. 658 Genus Burdigalocrinus Ja e k e l ...................... .p. 639 Genus Loriolicrinus J a e k e l .............................p. 641 Acknowledgements.............................................. p. 660 Genus Conoideocrinus nov. gen.......................p. 644 R eferences.............................................................. p. 660 Genus Umbocrinus nov. gen............................ .p. 646 Genus Heberticrinus nov. gen...........................p. 646 1 — INTRODUCTION Sea-lilies of the Comatulida are freely mobile forms simularities with the Bourgueticrinida stems. Such which are widely distributed in the modern seas. combination of the features lead to complicated pro­ Calyxes of these crinoids, consisting of five radiais, blems for attempts to clear up the phylogenetical con­ five basais and one centro-dorsal plate bearing cirri, nections of the family and attracted many research are also found in the fossil record. workers to the study of this group. However, one peculiar exception exists in that large Nevertheless, many aspects remain in the nomencla­ group : the fossil family Thiolliericrinidae. The repre­ ture, the taxonomy and the phylogeny of the family sentatives of this family were stalked and led a fixed Thiolliericrinidae. The abundant new material at the life. The thiolliericrinid thecae were constructed like author’s disposal allows to propose a solution of these the true Comatulida, but their columns show problems. 2 — LOCALITIES AND MATERIALS Remains of the Thiolliericrinidae were found in - 1 : the « yet-formed » bioherms. They are small some regions of the Crimea (fig. 1). The Belbek Val-'/ lenses (not more than one metre thick and up to 10 m ley is the most important among them according to long) enclosed into the strata of the microphytolithic the quantity of found specimens and to the diversity or bioclastic stratified limestones. The lenses are built of forms (table 1). In that locality, crinoids under dis­ with skeletons of colonial and solitary corals, calca­ cussion were found in the Upper Berriasian coral- reous algae and sponges. Oyster shells (Lopha, algal or coral-sponge bioherms. Three types of them Exogyra and others), brachiopod shells, echinoid spi­ can be distinguished : nes (Diplocidaris) are found in a great quantity. — 627 — Fig. 1 — Localities of Thiolliericrinidae in the Crimea. Gisements à Thiolliericrinidae en Crimée. Chornaya Basin (1 - Kuchky, 2 - Rodnoie), Belbek valley (3 - Belbek, Kuibyshevo, 4 - Karatlykh, 5 - Chuku), 6 - Bairakly, 7 - Tass- Kor Ravin (Mramornoie), 8 - Beshterek, 9 - Mezhgorie, 10 - Tanass (Alekseevka and Krasnossiolovka). Thiolliericrinidae are found but extremely rarely in - 3 : «tower-like » bioherms, are the intermediate these bioherms ; type between the two previous ones. They show a dis­ coid shape with an average size (the height is not more - 2 :« barrier » reefs. They have large volumes (up than 7-8 m with the diameter up to 15-20 m) the fra­ to 15 m thick and several hundred metres long), built mework of these bodies is built by cloddy masses, of big nodules of the calcareous algae and, rarely, consisting of skeletons of colonial hexacorals, hydro- colonial corals. Here, in the reef rocks, lenses of the zoans and calcareous algae. The interstices between coarse-grained sandstones and « pockets » saturated bodies of the reef-forming organisms are filled with by the quartz pebble are frequent. One can note, loose calcareo-argillaceous masses. Therefore the cha­ among reef-dwellers (besides above mentioned oys­ racteristic tube-like forms appear in the process of ters), Prohinnites, Trichites, Heterodiceras and also weathering of these bioherms. Small oysters, brachio- nerineid gastropods and so on. The locality on the pods (Craniscus sp., Ismenia cf. perilustrus Sm ir ­ Chuku Mountain is the example of such « barrier » n o v a and others), calcareous sponges, bryozoans, reef. Rare columnals and calyxes of Heberticrinus small solitary corals, serpulids and others organisms heberti were found here ; also are among the reef-dwellers. Traces of boring — 628 — Name of species L o cality No. on f i g . l Age Skeleton parts No. c o ll. T R Cd Br С Ad Thiolliericrinus belbekensis Belbek 3 В 2 8 2 1 11 -_ OK-85 Thiolliericrinus elongatus Belbek 3 В 2 1 ----- CX-98 Thiolliericrinus torosus Belbek 3 в 2 2 2 1 5 . -- CK-86 B urdigalocrinus maxiinus Rodnoie 2 в 2 1 _ 3 _ 4 CK-76,78 Belbek 3 в 2 1 3 1 - 19 - CK-81 Loriolicrinus asper Belbek 3 в 2 _ __ _ 68 CK-99 K aratlykh 4 в 2 3 1 5 12 27 - CK-82 Loriolicrinus laevis Rodnoie 2 в 2 4 _ 1 С К-80 Belbek 3 в 2 5 2 11 _ CK-90 B airakly b в 2 - - 1 -_ _ *CK-50 Tanass 10 в 1 -- 1 - -- *СК-18 Loriolicrinus perforatus Belbek 3 в 2 2 _ СХ-91 Karatlykh 4 в 2 1 ----- СК-95 Conoideocrinus conoideus Belbek 3 в 2 1 ----- СК-97 Umbocrinus urabonatus Rodnoie 2 в 2 1 СК-75 Belbek 3 в 2 27 _ 16 8 53 - СК-83,89 K aratlykh 4 в 2 4 - 3 - -- СК-94 Heberticrinus heberti Rodnoie 2 в 2 3 __ b 2 _ СК-61 Belbek 3 в 2 72 1 26 215 163 _ СК-51 Karatlykh 4 в 2 5 - 2 36 10 - СК-93 Chuku 5 в 2 6 - 1 1 9 - СХ-92 Tanass 10 в 1 - 1 1 --- * ск-зо Tanass 10 в 1 1 -- --- СК-69 Heberticrinus aff.heberti Belbek 3 в 2 3 - 5 - - - ск-эб Heberticrinus remesi Beshterek 8 V 1 4 --- 9 - CK-5b,57 Heberti^* j-jius irregularis Rodnoie 2 в 2 5 ___ _ СК-74 Belbek 3 в 2 7 - 12 2 27 - СК-88 Tanass 10 в 1 2 - 1 - 1 - * СК-22,25 Tniolliericrinidae indet. Kuchki i в 2 __ 2 4 3 СК-64 Rodnoie 2 в 2 _- 1 5 39 СК-73 Belbek 3 в 2 - -- 269 297 15 СК-ЮО K aratlykh 4 в 2 - - - 45 11 3 СК-101 Ivlrarnornoie 7 в 1 __- 3 2 - СК-6ь Mezhgorie 9 в 2 _ --- 1 - * СК-37 Tanass 10 в 1 ~ - -- 1 - *СК-31 Tabl. 1 — Materials for 12 species of Thiolliericrinidae from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Crimea. The designations in the column « Age » : B1 - Lower Berriasian, B2 - Upper Berriasian, VI - Lower Valanginian ; in the column « Skeleton parts » : T - calyxes, R - radiais, Cd - centr odor sals, Br - brachials, С - columnals, Ad - root formations. The collections handed from Bogdanova & Loba- chiova (1977) are marked by asterisks in the column « Numbers of collections ». Matériaux pour les 15 espèces de Thiolliericrinidae du Crétacé inférieur de la Crimée. Les indications dans la rubrique « Age » (âge) : B1 - Berriasien inférieur, B2 - Berriasien supérieur, VI - Valanginien inférieur ; dans la rubrique « Skeleton parts » (partie du squelette)
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