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Deriving WRB Soil Types Using National German Soil Survey Guidelines

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Deriving WRB Soil Types Using National German Soil Survey Guidelines Deriving WRB soil types using National German Soil Survey Guidelines Einar Eberhardt The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 2 Interpreting the German inventory for international use • German “soil systematics” is based on morphogenetic horizonation no diagnostics independent of horizonation described • internatinal context WRB derive diagnostics from soil database data • automated tool NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 3 First approach – German pedogenetic system to WRB divisions classes Terrestrial Semi-terres- (Semi-)Sub- Fens and 4 soils trial soils mersed soils Bogs 13 4 2 2 21 types 57 29 17 6 5 138 70 3 12 subtypes (25 core classes, (16 core classes, 223 30 deviating, 30 deviating, 83 transitional) 24 transitional) 2794 varieties + 22 criteria for sub-varieties NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 4 German pedogenetic system + substrate pedogenesis substrate (geogenesis, coarse/fine texture, carbonate/lithogenic C content, rock type) soil type substrate type Bodenform = "soil form" brown earth from calcareous aeolian sand NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 5 Data – German Soil Mapping Guideline 5th ed. Germany: Data obtained and coded according to German soil survey guideline, 5th ed. • 40 site and profile parameters • 87 horizon-related parameters many multiple-entry incl. data on distribution, share, size, intensity 49 different 9 classes [%] micro medium macro 5 classes kinds of f1 <1 distribution of 1 <0.5 <2 [mm] <50 g1 very weak phenomena, f2 1-<2 2 ..<1 ..<5 ..<100 g2 weak e.g. ... 3 ..<2 ..<20 ..<200 g3 medium lenses, on f8 70-<90 aggregates, in 4 ..<5 ..<50 ..<500 g4 strong f9 ≥90 pockets, etc. 5 ≥5 ≥50 ≥500 g5 very strong • additionally using lab data if available NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 6 WRB • 32 Reference Soil Groups (RSG) • 171 Qualifier, incl. pseudo-specified qualifiers (plus 46 explicitly defined combinations with specifiers) • 70 encode presence of a diagnostic within a certain depth range • 31 add further criteria to a diagnostic • 67 encode non -diagnostics -related information • 2 encode absence of diagnostics • 1 encodes absence of relevant diagnostics based on • 39 diagnostic horizons • 14 diagnostic properties 65 diagnostics • 12 diagnostic materials NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Algorithm Calcic horizon 2 7 Start 1 Carbonate Carbonate Content Class Carbonate Content If... then Content ≥ 15 %? underlying has (this horizon - max. ... underlying c4 c3 horizon) ≥ 5%? c5 c4 Carbonate c6 c5 Content c7 c6 Class “c[4-7]“? Check 3 secondary carbonates No Calcic horizon , " f[4-9]"? Horizon Notation “([A,H,B,T,S,G, 3 M]c...)“? ) Thickness No Calcic horizon ≥ 15 cm? Calcic horizon NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 8 Challenges identified • Morpho-genetic horizonation may hide diagnostics • How depth information is stored in databases and affects identification of diagnostics • Determination of start and end depth of diagnostics • Definition of classes of descriptive parameters – e.g. textural classes NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Classification in the field vs. with database data 9 L Of 0 Oh Ahe Ah-Bsv Bw 20 Cambic hor. Ael-Bv Bw 40 Ael Albic hor. Abrupt Textural Change 60 Bt Argic hor. 80 ilCv 100 elCv Calcaric material 120 NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Horizonation, horizon notations, horizon description 10 affect detection of Albeluvic tonguing Defintion: Albeluvic tongues 1. colour of an albic horizon; and 2. greater depth than width, ... 3. occupy 10 percent or more of the volume in the first 10 cm of the argic horizon ... ; and 4. have a particle-size distribution matching that of the coarser textured horizon overlying the argic horizon. NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Albeluvic tonguing and shape of lower horizon boundary 11 L e plane Of 0 Oh Ahe [E] w wavy Ah-Bsv [BwsAh] 20 z pocket-like Ael-Bv [BwE] 40 k tongue- Ael [E] like 60 Bt s cleft-like 80 ilCv t drop-like 100 elCv 120 f mottled NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Albeluvic tonguing and 12 0 L Of “combination horizons“ Bv+Aeh [EBw] 20 Ael-Bv [BwE] 40 Ael [E] 60 80 Ael+Bt "combination horizon" [BtE] 100 no information on shape and share of the pale domain... 120 Bt [Bt] 140 160 NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 13 Data recording affects identification of diagnostics Example: Abrupt textural change Definition: “8 percent or more clay in the underlying layer and: 1. doubling of the clay content within 7.5 cm if the overlying layer has less than 20 percent clay; or 2. 20 percent (absolute) increase in clay content within 7.5 cm if the overlying layer has 20 percent or more clay.” NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Abrupt textural change – sharpness of horizon boundary 14 A A A A A A Clay content B B B B B B 0 cm 2 cm 5 cm 7.5 cm 15 cm 25 cm « thickness of transition zone abrupt textural clay content ratio A : B is 1 : 2 change 1 : 3 Abrupt Clear Diffuse clearly abrupt text. change maybe – maybe not clearly abrupt text. change maybe – maybe not NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 15 Performance – are Fahlerden Albeluvisols? 6 : 1 Albeluvisol Albic Luvisols / Alisols because of no tongues, tongues lithologically determined, mottles instead of tongues, ... NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 16 Performance of algorithms Albic Cutanic Lamellic Luvisol ((Ruptic,Ruptic , ArenicArenic)Epiarenic ) Albic Cutanic Alisol (Ruptic , Alumic , Greyic , Arenic Epiarenic ) Albic Cutanic Luvisol (Abruptic , Ruptic , Arenic Epiarenic ) Albic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric not enough org. C , Abruptic , Ruptic , Epidystric , Greyic , Epiarenic Arenic ) Albic Cutanic Luvisol (Abruptic , Ruptic , Arenic ) Albic Cutanic Albeluvisol Luvisol (Abruptic , Ruptic , Dystric Epidystric , Greyic , Epiarenic ) correct not correct correct (with no-data assumption) correct with horizon symbol interpretation change NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt Challenges for database data evaluation - 17 Determination of start and end depth A Salic horizon has: 1. averaged over its depth ... an electrical conductivity ... (ECe) of 15 dS·m-1 or more ... or an ECe of 8 dS·m-1 or more ... if the pH (H 2O) of the saturation extract is 8.5 or more; and 2. averaged over its depth ... a product of thickness (in centimetres) and ECe (in dS·m-1) of 450 or more; and 3. a thickness of 15 cm or more. no hard criterion for upper and lower depth given – which (parts of) morphogenetic horizons should be included? NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 18 Further challenges • some criteria difficult (e.g. micromorphological findings in operational form) • “minor” parameters are often helpful (e.g. “further pedogenic properties” – bleached sand grains, etc.), but might often contain no data • horizon notation as integrating parameter often used, but quality hardly to estimate NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 19 Conclusions ... do we have to improve the data? • more detailed description of horizons does not necessarily result in better evaluable data • improve profile description: e.g. when to distinguish a further horizon? • always note “best guess” instead of scientifically correct understatement (e.g. boundary depths) ... or the classification? • Definition of diagnostics should always include an absolute criterion • Robustness of classification against data and data storage artefacts (e.g. Albeluvisol detection needs a soil pit size importance down from RSG to qualifier level? Glossalbic Luvisol/Alisol/etc.?) NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt 20 Thank you ... Peter Schad Dana Erika Pietsch Michéli Dieter Kühn István Waltner Albrecht Bauriegel Karin Schenk ... for your attention [email protected] NCSS conference, Asheville, NC, May 22-26, 2011 Einar Eberhardt.
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