Glee: Uma Transmedia Storytelling E a Construção De Identidades Plurais

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Glee: Uma Transmedia Storytelling E a Construção De Identidades Plurais UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE HUMANIDADES, ARTES E CIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CULTURA E SOCIEDADE ROBERTO CARLOS SANTANA LIMA GLEE: UMA TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES PLURAIS Salvador 2012 ROBERTO CARLOS SANTANA LIMA GLEE: UMA TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES PLURAIS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Multidisciplinar de Pós-graduação, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de mestre em Cultura e Sociedade, área de concentração: Cultura e Identidade. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Djalma Thürler Salvador 2012 Sistema de Bibliotecas - UFBA Lima, Roberto Carlos Santana. Glee : uma Transmedia storytelling e a construção de identidades plurais / Roberto Carlos Santana Lima. - 2013. 107 f. Inclui anexos. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Djalma Thürler. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Comunicação, Salvador, 2012. 1. Glee (Programa de televisão). 2. Televisão - Seriados - Estados Unidos. 3. Pluralismo cultural. 4. Identidade social. 5. Identidade de gênero. I. Thürler, Djalma. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Comunicação. III. Título. CDD - 791.4572 CDU - 791.233 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO ROBERTO CARLOS SANTANA LIMA GLEE: UMA TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES PLURAIS Dissertação aprovada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cultura e Sociedade, Universidade Federal da Bahia, pela seguinte banca examinadora: Djalma Thürler – Orientador ------------------------------------------------------------- Doutor em Letras, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Universidade Federal da Bahia Leandro Colling ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Doutor em Comunicação e Cultura Contemporânea, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Universidade Federal da Bahia Paulo Cesar Garcia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Doutor em Literatura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Universidade do Estado da Bahia Salvador, 27 de dezembro de 2012. A Todos os que, de alguma forma, contribuíram para que eu chegasse até aqui, com perseverança e determinação. Minha companheira, Eloidi, pelo grande apoio, pessoa que, juntamente comigo, sabe muito bem o que a cultura representa na vida de todos nós. Minhas filhas, Dyane, Rosane, Ana Beatriz, pela compreensão que tiveram comigo nos momentos de ausência, e ao meu futuro filho, que, sem dúvida, terá um futuro melhor. Meu orientador, Djalma Thürler, por reconhecer os desafios de um educador no contexto atual. Meu pai e à minha mãe, que não tiveram a mesma oportunidade, mas honraram o compromisso de educar e manter na escola os oito filhos e uma filha, permitindo-lhes melhores condições numa sociedade letrada. Meus amigos, pelo incentivo à busca de novos conhecimentos. E meus colegas, alunos e àqueles ou àquelas que, por meio desta pesquisa, possam se beneficiar. AGRADECIMENTOS Sem dúvida, dissertar não é uma tarefa fácil, requer muito tempo, energia e, principalmente, um esforço intelectual acima daquele que estamos acostumados a praticar. Mas, para que as coisas, no final, deem certo, é preciso que, por algum momento, estejamos ausentes nos compromissos que temos no dia a dia, seja como filho, irmão, pai e até como esposo. Nessas horas, os colegas de classe e os professores passam a ser sua nova família. É por isso que quero, aqui, agradecer aos meus colegas: Andreia, Leonice, Romualdo, Maíza, Getúlio, Antônio, Brito e Estela, todos que de algum modo contribuíram para o meu crescimento profissional, pessoal e acadêmico. Aos professores da UFBA: Leandro, Bonfim, Adalberto, Djalma e Karla, pela paciência e perseverança, esforço e dedicação para ministrar as aulas, diante da logística do convênio. Ao meu orientador, Djalma Thürler, pelo excelente trabalho, apoio, amizade e dedicação, estando sempre à disposição para ouvir e tirar as dúvidas com palavras de incentivo, bons comentários e sugestões que me facultaram durante todas as fases desta dissertação. Agradeço, ainda, a Belma Gumes, pelas correções de linguagem sugeridas à dissertação proporcionando melhor editoração ao texto final. À CAPES e ao IFBaiano, pelo apoio financeiro que deram para a realização deste curso e, finalmente, à UFBA, que me acolheu e proporcionou todo apoio necessário possível para a realização deste curso. A educação é um meio de ampliar o “eu” com experiências que só podem ser vividas através do “outro”. Deborah Britzman RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer um estudo de caso do grupo de coral da série Glee na sua primeira temporada. Procura-se, através desse seriado, demonstrar como suas narrativas podem impactar para a derrubada de alguns pré-conceitos ao abordar alguns marcadores sociais como os de cor/raça, gênero, nacionalidades subalternas, deficiências, e outros, ainda considerados tabus, como a homossexualidade e a homoparentalidade. Para tanto, discutiram- se as construções identitárias e a dinamicidade da cultura e a inter-relação entre elas; o papel da mídia como meio de questionamento de tabus; a construção histórica das identidades de gênero e sexual, elencando autores, como Butler, Cunha, Furlani, Kellner, Miskolci, Weeks e outros, para sustentar nossa argumentação e colocar em evidência conceitos que abordam as diferentes culturas e demonstram os limites e possibilidades do corpo, a fim de criticar uma realidade e construir outra, fruto dos novos tempos. Palavras-chave: Glee; Transmedia Storytelling; Identidades Plurais; Cultura; Escola. ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to make a case study of the choral group of the TV series Glee in its first season. We sought through this series, to demonstrate how their narratives can impact for the overthrow of some pre-concepts to address some social markers such as color / race, gender, subaltern nationalities, disabilities, and others, still considered taboo, such as homosexuality and homoparenthood. For both, were discussed the identity constructions and the dynamicity of culture and the interrelationship between them; the role of media as a way of questioning taboos: the historical construction of gender and sexual identities, listing authors such as Butler, Cunha, Furlani, Kellner, Miskolci, Weeks and others to support our arguments and to highlight concepts that address different cultures and demonstrate the limits and possibilities of the body in order to criticize a reality and build another fruit of the new times. Keywords: Glee; Transmedia Storytelling; Plural Identities; Culture; School. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO...................................................................................................12 1. A ESCOLA SINGULAR-PLURAL – CULTURAS .......................................24 2. REMONTANDO AO PASSADO, DESVELANDO O PRESENTE: SUBSÍDIOS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE NOVOS CORPOS E SUBJETIVIDADES............................................................................................40 3. A CULTURA DA MÍDIA: ALIENADORA OU QUESTIONADORA?........55 4. O GLEE CLUB E SUAS NARRATIVAS: VISIBILIDADES E POSSIBILIDADES, NOVAS IDENTIDADES..................................................68 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS..............................................................................96 REFERÊNCIAS................................................................................................100 APÊNDICE A – FICHA SISTEMÁTICA DE CATALOGAÇÃO DOS EXTRATOS DAS FALAS DOS PROTAGONISTAS......................................105 ANEXOS A – LISTA DE PROTAGONISTAS, PERSONAGENS E NARRATIVAS..................................................................................................106 ANEXOS B – LISTA DOS 22 EPISÓDIOS DA PRIMEIRA TEMPORADA.107 12 INTRODUÇÃO Os Estados Unidos e suas dramaturgias audiovisuais vêm, notavelmente, repercutindo, em suas produções, sua diversidade cultural, denotando pluralidade identitária, com ênfase nas sexualidades. Essas manifestações culturais, percebidas, também, por todo o mundo, estão cada vez mais presentes em filmes e em um número considerável de séries na televisão. Essas produções midiáticas vêm dando mais espaço para narrações alternativas de sexualidade, gênero e culturas, aumento, assim, as expectativas de seus fãs, por apresentarem um trabalho que realmente dá maior visibilidade a essas manifestações de pluralidade identitária. Dessa forma, acontece com a série representada pelos produtores e diretores Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuck e Ian Brenner (2009), de maneira tematicamente distinta da televisão tradicional, que apresenta narrativas que dão conta de se reportar à construção de novas possibilidades identitárias, de maneira mais flexível e plural. Estamos falando de Glee, um seriado do tipo musical comedy-drama norte-americano, produzido e distribuído pela 20th Century Fox Television1. A princípio, os produtores concebiam Glee apenas como um filme, entretanto, na televisão, o primeiro episódio da série foi transmitido em 19 de maio de 2009. A primeira temporada foi ao ar no período de nove de setembro de 2009 a oito de junho de 2010, e contou com 22 episódios2. Em 22 de maio de 2012, já foi exibido o 22o e último episódio da terceira temporada nos Estados Unidos. Por enquanto, aguarda-se a quarta temporada da série3. No Brasil, é exibida a terceira temporada do seriado, pelo canal aberto da TV Globo, às quintas-feiras, às 02h31min. da madrugada4. O ambiente de Glee é o de uma escola pública denominada McKinley High School5, 1 Canal de televisão norte-americano com
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