A Complete Grammar of Esperanto
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Treasury Reporting Rates of Exchange As of December 31, 2018
TREASURY REPORTING RATES OF EXCHANGE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2018 COUNTRY-CURRENCY F.C. TO $1.00 AFGHANISTAN - AFGHANI 74.5760 ALBANIA - LEK 107.0500 ALGERIA - DINAR 117.8980 ANGOLA - KWANZA 310.0000 ANTIGUA - BARBUDA - E. CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 2.7000 ARGENTINA-PESO 37.6420 ARMENIA - DRAM 485.0000 AUSTRALIA - DOLLAR 1.4160 AUSTRIA - EURO 0.8720 AZERBAIJAN - NEW MANAT 1.7000 BAHAMAS - DOLLAR 1.0000 BAHRAIN - DINAR 0.3770 BANGLADESH - TAKA 84.0000 BARBADOS - DOLLAR 2.0200 BELARUS - NEW RUBLE 2.1600 BELGIUM-EURO 0.8720 BELIZE - DOLLAR 2.0000 BENIN - CFA FRANC 568.6500 BERMUDA - DOLLAR 1.0000 BOLIVIA - BOLIVIANO 6.8500 BOSNIA- MARKA 1.7060 BOTSWANA - PULA 10.6610 BRAZIL - REAL 3.8800 BRUNEI - DOLLAR 1.3610 BULGARIA - LEV 1.7070 BURKINA FASO - CFA FRANC 568.6500 BURUNDI - FRANC 1790.0000 CAMBODIA (KHMER) - RIEL 4103.0000 CAMEROON - CFA FRANC 603.8700 CANADA - DOLLAR 1.3620 CAPE VERDE - ESCUDO 94.8800 CAYMAN ISLANDS - DOLLAR 0.8200 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - CFA FRANC 603.8700 CHAD - CFA FRANC 603.8700 CHILE - PESO 693.0800 CHINA - RENMINBI 6.8760 COLOMBIA - PESO 3245.0000 COMOROS - FRANC 428.1400 COSTA RICA - COLON 603.5000 COTE D'IVOIRE - CFA FRANC 568.6500 CROATIA - KUNA 6.3100 CUBA-PESO 1.0000 CYPRUS-EURO 0.8720 CZECH REPUBLIC - KORUNA 21.9410 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO- FRANC 1630.0000 DENMARK - KRONE 6.5170 DJIBOUTI - FRANC 177.0000 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - PESO 49.9400 ECUADOR-DOLARES 1.0000 EGYPT - POUND 17.8900 EL SALVADOR-DOLARES 1.0000 EQUATORIAL GUINEA - CFA FRANC 603.8700 ERITREA - NAKFA 15.0000 ESTONIA-EURO 0.8720 ETHIOPIA - BIRR 28.0400 -
How Do Young Children Acquire Case Marking?
INVESTIGATING FINNISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN’S NOUN MORPHOLOGY: HOW DO YOUNG CHILDREN ACQUIRE CASE MARKING? Thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences 2015 HENNA PAULIINA LEMETYINEN SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 8 DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... 9 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .......................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: General introduction to language acquisition research ...................................... 11 1.1. Generativist approaches to child language............................................................ 11 1.2. Usage-based approaches to child language........................................................... 14 1.3. The acquisition of morphology ............................................................................. -
Morphological Causatives Are Voice Over Voice
Morphological causatives are Voice over Voice Yining Nie New York University Abstract Causative morphology has been associated with either the introduction of an event of causation or the introduction of a causer argument. However, morphological causatives are mono-eventive, casting doubt on the notion that causatives fundamentally add a causing event. On the other hand, in some languages the causative morpheme is closer to the verb root than would be expected if the causative head is responsible for introducing the causer. Drawing on evidence primarily from Tagalog and Halkomelem, I argue that the syntactic configuration for morphological causatives involves Voice over Voice, and that languages differ in whether their ‘causative marker’ spells out the higher Voice, the lower Voice or both. Keywords: causative, Voice, argument structure, morpheme order, typology, Tagalog 1. Introduction Syntactic approaches to causatives generally fall into one of two camps. The first view builds on the discovery that causatives may semantically consist of multiple (sub)events (Jackendoff 1972, Dowty 1979, Parsons 1990, Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1994, a.o.). Consider the following English causative–anticausative pair. The anticausative in (1a) consists of an event of change of state, schematised in (1b). The causative in (2a) involves the same change of state plus an additional layer of semantics that conveys how that change of state is brought about (2b). (1) a. The stick broke. b. [ BECOME [ stick STATE(broken) ]] (2) a. Pat broke the stick. b. [ Pat CAUSE [ BECOME [ stick STATE(broken) ]]] Word Structure 13.1 (2020): 102–126 DOI: 10.3366/word.2020.0161 © Edinburgh University Press www.euppublishing.com/word MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES ARE VOICE OVER VOICE 103 Several linguists have proposed that the semantic CAUSE and BECOME components of the causative are encoded as independent lexical verbal heads in the syntax (Harley 1995, Cuervo 2003, Folli & Harley 2005, Pylkkänen 2008, a.o.). -
The Relationship Between the South African Rand and Commodity Prices: Examining Cointegration and Causality Between the Nominal Asset Classes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOUTH AFRICAN RAND AND COMMODITY PRICES: EXAMINING COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY BETWEEN THE NOMINAL ASSET CLASSES BY XOLANI NDLOVU [STUDENT NUMBER: 511531] SUPERVISOR: PROF. ERIC SCHALING RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF COMMERCE LAW & MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MASTER OF MANAGEMENT IN FINANCE & INVESTMENT DEGREE UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL Johannesburg November 2010 “We wa nt to see a competitive and stable exchange rate, nothing more, nothing less.” Tito Mboweni (8 th Governor of the SARB, 1999 -2009) 2 ABSTRACT We employ OLS analysis on a VAR Model to test the “commodity currency” hypothesis of the Rand (i.e. that the currency moves in sympathy with commodity prices) and examine the associated causality using nominal data between 1996 and 2010. We address the question of cointegration using the Engle-Granger test. We find that level series of both assets are difference stationary but not cointegrated. Further, we find the two variables negatively related with strong and significant causality running from commodity prices to the exchange rate and not vice versa, implying exogeneity to the determination of commodity prices with respect to the nominal exchange rate. The strength of the relationship is significantly weaker than other OECD commodity currencies. We surmise that the relationship is dynamic over time owing to the portfolio-rebalance argument and the Commodity Terms of Trade (CTT) effect and in the absence of an error correction mechanism, this disconnect may be prolonged. -
Is the Botswana Pula Misaligned?
BIDPA Working Paper 33 July 2012 Is the Botswana Pula Misaligned? Haile Taye BOTSWANA INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY ANALYSIS BIDPA The Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis (BIDPA) is an independent trust, which started operations in 1995 as a non-governmental policy research institution. BIDPA’s mission is to inform policy and build capacity through research and consultancy services. BIDPA is funded by the Botswana government and the African Capacity Building Foundation. BIDPA Working Paper Series The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress or limited research efforts, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications. Haile Taye is a Senior Research Fellow at the Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis. ISBN: 99912-65-44-9 © Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis, 2012 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this document are entirely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of BIDPA. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. iv Abstract ................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 2. Determinants of the Equilibrium Exchange Rate ............................................ -
The Effects of Sentiments on the Dollar Rand (USD/ZAR) Exchange Rate
The effects of sentiments on the dollar rand (USD/ZAR) exchange rate Kgomotso Euginia Mogotlane 772836 A research article submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Johannesburg, 2017 DECLARATION I, Kgomotso Euginia Mogotlane, declare that this research article is my own work except as indicated in the references and acknowledgements. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration in the Graduate School of Business Administration, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in this or any other university. Kgomotso Euginia Mogotlane Signed at …………………………………………………… On the …………………………….. day of ………………………… 2017 ii DEDICATION This research article is dedicated to the memory of my angels in heaven, may your souls continue to rest in eternal peace, love and light in the presence of our Almighty. I know you always shining down on me from heaven and this is the only way I can shine back. Hope you are all proud of me. I did it for you!!! Samuel Diswantsho Mogotlane. Delia Shirley Mogotlane. Moses Willy Seponana Mogotlane. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank God Almighty, for indeed He is faithful. Jeremiah 29:11 “For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord. Plans to prosper you and not harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” I would also like to sincerely thank the following people for their assistance and support throughout my MBA journey: My supervisor, Dr Deenadayalen Konar for his assistance and guidance throughout the research process. -
Assessing the Attractiveness of Cryptocurrencies in Relation to Traditional Investments in South Africa
Assessing the attractiveness of cryptocurrencies in relation to traditional investments in South Africa A Dissertation presented to The Development Finance Centre (DEFIC) Graduate School of Business University of Cape Town In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce in Development FinanceTown by LehlohonoloCape Letho LTHLEH001of February 2019 Supervisor: Dr Grieve Chelwa University The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derivedTown from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes Capeonly. of Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University i PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. I have used the American Psychological Association 6th edition convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. This dissertation is my own work. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment or essay, or part of it, is wrong, and declare that this is my own work. Signature________________ Date ____8 February 2019 _____________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my supervisor, Dr Grieve Chelwa for the thorough reviews that he provided me with on my research. -
Purchasing Power Parity Theory for Pula/Rand and Pula/Us Dollar
2020-3704-AJBE – 18 MAY 2020 1 Purchasing Power Parity Theory For Pula/Rand and 2 Pula/Us Dollar Exchange Rates In Botswana 3 * ± 4 By Sethunya Sejoe , Narain Sinha and Zibanani Kahaka 5 6 7 Botswana is heavily dependent on mineral exports which are influenced by 8 Pula Dollar exchange rate. On the otherhand, imports in Botswana are 9 influenced by the Pula Rand exchange rate. This paper attempts to examine 10 the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory considering both exchange rates 11 namely Pula/Rand and Pula/US dollar in Botswana for a period of 1976- 12 2016. Five cointegration methods have been employed to determine the 13 validity of the theory between these two exchange rates. The analysis of the 14 results showed that there was no long-run relationship between the variables 15 in both cases of Pula/Rand and Pula/US dollar exchange rates when using 16 the Engle-Granger cointegration method. Johansen cointegration test 17 inidicates one cointegrating vector. However, error correction model (ECM) 18 showed rapid deviation of the variables to the long-run equilibrium, 19 indicating a short-run cointegration relationship for Pula/Rand and Pula/US 20 dollar exchange rates. A further investigation of a long-run PPP was 21 conducted using the autoregressive distribution lag model (ARDL) bond 22 approach. The results showed that the variables were cointegrated with each 23 other for both Botswana and South Africa and between Botswana and 24 United States of America. This indicated a long-run association between the 25 variables and validated the long-run PPP theory between Botswana and 26 South Africa and between Botswana and United States of America. -
AN INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR of OLD ENGLISH Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies
AN INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR OF OLD ENGLISH MEDievaL AND Renaissance Texts anD STUDies VOLUME 463 MRTS TEXTS FOR TEACHING VOLUme 8 An Introductory Grammar of Old English with an Anthology of Readings by R. D. Fulk Tempe, Arizona 2014 © Copyright 2020 R. D. Fulk This book was originally published in 2014 by the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Arizona State University, Tempe Arizona. When the book went out of print, the press kindly allowed the copyright to revert to the author, so that this corrected reprint could be made freely available as an Open Access book. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE viii ABBREVIATIONS ix WORKS CITED xi I. GRAMMAR INTRODUCTION (§§1–8) 3 CHAP. I (§§9–24) Phonology and Orthography 8 CHAP. II (§§25–31) Grammatical Gender • Case Functions • Masculine a-Stems • Anglo-Frisian Brightening and Restoration of a 16 CHAP. III (§§32–8) Neuter a-Stems • Uses of Demonstratives • Dual-Case Prepositions • Strong and Weak Verbs • First and Second Person Pronouns 21 CHAP. IV (§§39–45) ō-Stems • Third Person and Reflexive Pronouns • Verbal Rection • Subjunctive Mood 26 CHAP. V (§§46–53) Weak Nouns • Tense and Aspect • Forms of bēon 31 CHAP. VI (§§54–8) Strong and Weak Adjectives • Infinitives 35 CHAP. VII (§§59–66) Numerals • Demonstrative þēs • Breaking • Final Fricatives • Degemination • Impersonal Verbs 40 CHAP. VIII (§§67–72) West Germanic Consonant Gemination and Loss of j • wa-, wō-, ja-, and jō-Stem Nouns • Dipthongization by Initial Palatal Consonants 44 CHAP. IX (§§73–8) Proto-Germanic e before i and j • Front Mutation • hwā • Verb-Second Syntax 48 CHAP. -
The Implications of Pegging the Botswana Pula to the U.S. Dollar
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. The Implications of Pegging the Botswana Pula to the U.S. Dollar O. Ochieng INTRODUCTION The practice of peg~ing the currency of one country to another is widespread in the world: of the 141 countries in the world considered as of March 31, 1979, only 32 (23%) national currencies were not pegRed to other currencies and in Africa only 3 out of 41 were unpegGed (Tahle 1); so that the fundamental question of whether to ~eg a currency or not is already a decided matter for many countries, and what often remains to be worked out is, to which currency one should pef one's currency. Judging from the way currencies are moved from one peg to another, it seems that this issue is far from being settled. Once one has decided to peg one's currency to another, there are three policy alternatives to select from: either a country pegs to a single currency; or pegs to a specific basket of currencies; or pegs to Special Drawing Rights (SDR). Pegging a wea~ currency to a single major currency seems to ~e the option that i~ most favoured by less developed countries. The ex-colonial countries generally pegged their currencies to that of their former colonial master at independence. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3
Currency Symbols Range: 20A0–20CF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.3/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 6.3. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 6.3. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, and #45, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
The Finnish Noun Phrase
Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Scienze del Linguaggio The Finnish Noun Phrase Relatore: Prof.ssa Giuliana Giusti Correlatore: Prof. Guglielmo Cinque Laureanda: Lena Dal Pozzo Matricola: 803546 ANNO ACCADEMICO: 2006/2007 A mia madre Table of contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………….…….…… III Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………........ V Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………VII 1. Word order in Finnish …………………………………………………………………1 1.1 The order of constituents in the clause …………………………………………...2 1.2 Word order and interpretation .......……………………………………………… 8 1.3 The order of constituents in the Nominal Expression ………………………… 11 1.3.1. Determiners and Possessors …………………………………………………12 1.3.2. Adjectives and other modifiers …………………………………………..… 17 1.3.2.1 Adjectival hierarchy…………………………………………………………23 1.3.2.2 Predicative structures and complements …………………………………26 1.3.3 Relative clauses …………………………………………………………….... 28 1.4 Conclusions ............……………………………………………………………. 30 2. Thematic relations in nominal expressions ……………………………………….. 32 2.1 Observations on Argument Structure ………………………………….……. 32 2.1.1 Result and Event nouns…………………………………………………… 36 2.2 Transitive nouns ………………………………………………………………... 38 2.2.1 Compound nouns ……………….……………………………………... 40 2.2.2 Intransitive nouns derived from transitive verbs …………………… 41 2.3 Passive nouns …………………………………………………………………… 42 2.4 Psychological predicates ……………………………………………………….. 46 2.4.1 Psych verbs ……………………………………………………………….