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Cadaveric Study of Angiosomes of Anterior Tibial and Dorsalis Pedis Artery

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Cadaveric Study of Angiosomes of Anterior Tibial and Dorsalis Pedis Artery THIEME Original Article 17 Cadaveric Study of Angiosomes of Anterior Tibial and Dorsalis Pedis Artery V. Paranjape1 J. Kulkarni2 P.V. Swamy3 S. Shevade1 1 Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Address for correspondence Dr.V.Paranjape,Departmentof Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Univrsity, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 2 Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal University, 5th Mile, Maharashtra, 411018, India (e-mail: [email protected]). Tadong,Gangtok,Sikkim,India 3 Dr.D.Y.PatilMedicalCollegeHospitalandResearchCentre, Dr.D.Y.PatilUniversity,SantTukaramNagar,Pimpri,Pune, Maharashtra, India J Morphol Sci 2018;35:17–24. Abstract Introduction Angiosome formed by Anterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery supply the ankle and the dorsum of foot. Both the vessels shows variation in termination and branching pattern. Materials and Methods 50 free formalin preserved limbs were dissected for the study. Results and Conclusion Anterior tibial artery showed variation in termination in 16%, most common of them was formation of loop with perforating branch of peroneal artery in 10%, bifurcation in to medial and lateral tarsal artery in 4% and trifutcation in 2%. Branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artey was variable in 18%, medial and lateral tarsal arteries were not branches of dorsalis pedis artery in 14% and 16% respectively. Arcuate artery was absent in 10%, when present it was branch of dorsalis pedis artery in 96%,perforatingbranchofperonealarteryin2%andloopofmedialandlateraltarsal Keywords artery in 2%. First dorsal metatarsal artery was not branch of dorsalis pedis artery in 4%. ► dorsalis pedis artery Lateral tarsal artery was constantly found in all the dissected limbs. Thorough knowl- ► angiosome edge of variation about branching pattern of arterial tree is clinically important for ► vascular surgery accuracy in interpretation of angiographs, Doppler study of lower limb vessels and ► lateral tarsal artery optimum use of vascular pedicle for myocutaneous flaps. Importance of palpation of ► myocutaneous graft peripheral pulse in lateral tarsal artery is discussed in the study. Introduction accompanied by Deep peroneal nerve on its lateral aspect. It continues distal to ankle joint as Dorsalis pedis artery Anterior tibial artery (ATA), Posterior tibial (PTA) artery and (DPA). Dorsalis pedis (DPA) artery are routinely used to access Medial and Lateral malleolar ananstomotic network is peripheral pulsation of lower extremity. Anterior Tibial formed by branches of Posterior tibial artery (PTA), Peroneal (ATA) artery is a terminal branch of Popliteal artery. It artery (PA), Anterior tibial artery (ATA), and Dorsalis pedis approaches ankle joint midway between the two malleoli artery (DPA). deep to superior extensor retinaculum, then lies between the Anterior Medial malleolar artery (AMMA) and Anterior tendons of Extensor hallucis longus and Tibialis anterior Lateral Malleolar Artery (ALMA) are the branches of ATA. received DOI https://doi.org/ Copyright © 2018 by Thieme Revinter May 28, 2015 10.1055/s-0038-1660483. Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil accepted ISSN 2177-0298. February 10, 2018 18 Angiosomes on Dorsum of Foot Paranjape et al. Peroneal artery is branch of Posterior tibial artery. Perfor- AMMA was branch of loop formed by ATA and PBPA in ⅔ ating branch of Peroneal artery (PBPA) anastomoses with limbs. Anterior lateral malleolar artery (ALMA) and Lateral tarsal Anterior lateral malleolar artey (ALMA) was branch of artery (LTA). Dorsalis pedis (DPA) artery passes deep to Anterior tibial artery in 45 /50 (90%) limbs. inferior extensor retinaculum and gives Medial Tarsal When, ALMA was not a branch of ATA in 5/50 (10%) limbs, Arteries (MTA) and Lateral Tarsal Artery (LTA). Dorsalis Pedis in such cases; gives Arcuate artery (AA) and First Dorsal Metatarsal Artery ALMA was branch of PP in 5/50 (10%) limbs. (FDMA) and Dorsalis pedis itself enters the sole to complete MTA (Medial tarsal artery) was branch of DP (dorsalis Plantar arch by anastomosing with the branches of Posterior pedis) 43/50 (86%) limbs. Tibial artery. Branches of DPA artery contribute to the for- When, MTA was not a branch of DPA in 7/50 (14%) limbs, mation of malleolar ananstomosis and also contribute to in such cases; formation of plantar arch. This makes DP artery an important MTA was branch of ATA in 2/7 limbs. contributor to limb salvage surgery. MTA was branch of loop formed by ATA and PBPA in 5/7 Second (SDMA), third and fourth dorsal metatarsal limbs. arteries are the branches of Arcuate artery (AA). LTA (lateral tarsal artery) was a branch of DPA in 42 /50 Here we present the branching pattern of Angiosome on (84%) limbs. dorsum of foot formed by Anterior tibial artery and Dorsalis When, LTA was not a branch of DPA in 8/50 (16%) limbs, in pedis artery on dorsum of foot. such cases; LTA was branch of ATA in ⅜ limbs. Materials and Methods LTA was branch of Loop formed by ATA and PBPA in 2/8 limbs. 50 Free Formalin preserved limbs of unknown sex and age LTA was branch of PBPA in ⅜ limbs. were taken from Department of Anatomy Dr D Y Patil Mediacl DPA (dorsalis pedis artery) was continuation of ATA in 43/ College Hospital and Research center Pimpri, Pune; and dis- 50 (86%) limbs. sected. Vertical incision was taken on anterior aspect of leg five When, DPA was not continuation of ATA in 7/50 (14%) centimeters above the anterior aspect of ankle joint midway limbs, in such cases; between the lateral and medial malleoli. The incision was DPA was branch of MTA in 2/7 limbs. DPA was branch of extended on dorsum of foot till base of the second toe. Distal LTA in 1/7 limbs. limit of the incision was extended on both the sides till the DPA was branch of loop formed by ATA and (PBPA) in 3/7 lateral and medial border of the foot. Skin flaps were reflected. limbs. Anterior Tibial artery was identified between tendons of DPA was a branch of PP in 1/7 limbs. Tibialis anterior and Extensor hallucis longus and studied AA (arcuate artery) was present in 45/50 (90%) limbs. AA with respect to its termination along with the branching was absent in 5/50 limbs (10%). pattern of dorsalis pedis artery pattern on the dorsum of AA was branch of DPA in 43/45 (86%) limbs. foot. Arterial tree distal to termination of Anterior Tibial artery AA was branch of loop formed by MT and LT in 1/45 limbs. was carefully dissected and observations were tabulated. The AA was branch of PBPA in 1/45 limb. limbs showing gross anomalies were excluded from the study. FDMTA (First dorsal metatarsal artery) was branch of DPA The research was conducted according to the principles of the in 48/50 (96%) limbs. Declaration of Helsinki. FDMA was not a branch of DPA in 2/50 (4%) limbs. FDMA was a branch of loop formed by ATA and PBPA ½ Results limbs. FDMA was branch of LTA in ½ limbs. The results are tabulated in ►Table 1. SDMA (second dorsal metatarsal artery) was branch of AA Anterior tibial artery (ATA) continued as dorsalis pedis in 44/50 (88%) limbs. artery in 42/50 limbs (84%). SDMA was not a branch of AA in 6/50 (12%) limbs. SDMA Anterior tibial artery showed variation at its termination was a branch of LTA in 2/7 limbs. in 8/50 (16%) limbs as follows: SDMA was a branch of DPA in 2/7 limbs. SDMA was branch of loop formed by ATA and PBPA in 2/6 Anterior tibial artery bifurcated in medial tarsal (MT) and limbs. lateral tarsal (LT) in 2/8 limbs. Variation in termination of ATA was seen in 8/50 limbs Anterior tibial artery trifurcated in anterior lateral mal- 16% of the limbs. leolar (ALMA), LT, dorsalis pedis (DPA) in ⅛ limbs. Variation in branching pattern of DPA was seen in 18% of Anterior Tibial artery anastomosed with the perforating the limbs. branch of peroneal artery (PBPA) in ⅝ limbs. Dorsalis pedis artery showed variation with respect to its AMMA (Anterior medial malleolar artery) was branch of origin and branching pattern as follows: Anterior tibial artery in 47/50 limbs (94%). DPA was not continuation of ATA in 14%. AMMA was not a branch of ATA in 3/50 (6%) limbs in such DPA did not give MTA and LTA in 14% and 16% respectively. cases; AMMA was branch of DPA in ⅓ limbs. AA was absent in 10%. Journal of Morphological Sciences Vol. 35 No. 1/2018 Angiosomes on Dorsum of Foot Paranjape et al. 19 Table 1 Branching Pattern of Anterior Tibial Artery Sp no side ATA AMMA P/A ALMA P/A MTA P/A LTA P/A DPA P/A AA P/A FDMA SDMA continues as branch of branch of branch of branch of continuation of branch of branch of branch of 1 R bifurcates ATAp ATAp ATAp ATAp MTp Anil LT LT 2 R anast PBPA ATA p PBPA p loop p loop p PP P A nil DPA DPA 3 L DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p A nil DPA DPA 4 R DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 5 R DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 6 R DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 7 L DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 8 R DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 9 L DPA ATA p ATA p DPA p DPA p ATA p P DPA DPA AA 10 R anast PBPA loop p PBPA p loop p PBPA p loop p P DPA DPA AA 11 L anast PBPA loop p PBPA p loop p PBPA p loop p P DPA DPA AA 12 R DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 13 L DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 14 R DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 15 L DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 16 R DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 17 L DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp PDPA DPA AA 18 R DPA ATAp ATAp DPAp DPAp ATAp
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