Liminality of the Japanese Empire: Border Crossings from Okinawa to Colonial Taiwan Hiroko Matsuda
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
University of Hawai'i Manoa Kahualike UH Press Book Previews University of Hawai`i Press Fall 10-31-2018 Liminality of the Japanese Empire: Border Crossings from Okinawa to Colonial Taiwan Hiroko Matsuda Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/uhpbr Part of the Asian History Commons, Human Geography Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Matsuda, Hiroko, "Liminality of the Japanese Empire: Border Crossings from Okinawa to Colonial Taiwan" (2018). UH Press Book Previews. 22. https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/uhpbr/22 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in UH Press Book Previews by an authorized administrator of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIMINALITY OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE Perspectives on the Global Past Anand A. Yang and Kieko Matteson SERIES EDITORS Liminality of the Japanese Empire Border Crossings from Okinawa to Colonial Taiwan Hiroko Matsuda University of Hawai‘i Press Honolulu © 2019 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 24 23 22 21 20 19 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Matsuda, Hiroko, author. Title: Liminality of the Japanese empire : border crossings from Okinawa to colonial Taiwan / Hiroko Matsuda. Other titles: Perspectives on the global past. Description: Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press, [2019] | Series: Perspectives on the global past | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018021985 | ISBN 9780824867560 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Ryukywuans—Taiwan—History—19th century. | Ryukyuans—Taiwan—History—20th century. | Ryukyu Islands—Emigration and immigration. | Taiwan—Emigration and immigration. Classification: LCC DS799.43.R98 M38 2019 | DDC 305.8956—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018021985 Cover art: A man against the background of Taiwan Island. Photo by Motohashi Seiichi University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid- free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Contents Illustrations, Maps, and Tables vii Acknowledgments ix Note on Asian Languages xi Introduction 1 1 Migration in the Age of Modern Colonialism 21 2 Crossing the National/Imperial Border 41 3 Making Distinctions in the Extension of Japan 59 4 Imperial Schooling across the Border 79 5 Between Japanese and Okinawan 100 6 Going Home? 122 Epilogue 145 Appendix 153 Abbreviations 155 Notes 157 Bibliography 181 Index 197 Illustrations, Maps, and Tables Figures Ryukyuan fisherman’s statue, Heping Marine Park, Keelung 2 Okinawan and Japanese populations in the South Sea Islands 31 Okinawan and Japanese populations in Taiwan, 1920–1940 36 Nakagawa Toranosuke, Ishigaki Island, 1894 46 Commercial District of Ishigaki Island, ca. late 1920s–early 1930s 48 Fishers’ village, Ishigaki Island, 1934 49 Advertisements in a local newspaper 51 Ishigaki female immigrants, Taipei, ca. 1940 68 Onohara Store, Taipei branch, ca. 1920 75 Sakiyama family, Taipei, ca. 1944 109 Keelung Advanced Girls’ School, ca. 1942 112 Maps Taiwan and Okinawa Prefecture 2 Worldwide distribution of Okinawan immigrants, 1940 22 Yaeyama Islands 42 Okinawan immigrants in Taipei, 1942 60 vii Tables 1.1 Occupations of Japanese Immigrants in Hawai‘i, Brazil, Philippines, and South Sea Islands, 1928 27 1.2 Occupations of Okinawan Households in Brazil, June 30, 1936 28 1.3 Occupations of Okinawan and Japanese Visitors to Taiwan, 1897 35 1.4 Occupations of Japanese and Okinawan Residents in Taiwan, 1930 37 2.1 Origins of Yaeyama Female Immigrants in Taiwan, June 1931 53 3.1 Number of Japanese Job Seekers, 1933 63 3.2 Age of Japanese Job Seekers, 1933 63 3.3 Educational Background of Japanese Job Seekers, 1933 64 3.4 Job Vacancies by Occupation, 1933 64 4.1 Status of Okinawa First and Second Middle Schools Alumni, One Year after Graduation 89 4.2 Status of Okinawa First, Second, and Third Middle Schools and Miyako Middle School Alumni, One Year after Graduation 90 4.3 Profiles of Okinawan Graduates of Taihoku Medical College 91 viii Illustrations, Maps, and Tables Acknowledgments This project became a book over the course of many years. I would like to first thank the interviewees for sharing their life stories with me. I am grateful for the cooperation of the members of Okinawa Taiwan-kai (Tai- wan Association in Okinawa) and Shōwachō-kai (Association for Former Residents of Showa District). Regrettably, I cannot express my gratitude to those who have passed away in recent years. I began this project at the Australian National University graduate school and gratefully acknowledge the enormous support of Jindy Pettman, Helen Keane, and Rosanne Kennedy during the first stage of my doctoral program. I am greatly indebted to Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Tamara Jacka, and Li Narangoa for their insightful guidance and warm encouragement while I was writing my dissertation. Thanks are also due to the students in the gen- der, sexuality, and culture program and the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies for providing inspiration and warm friendship. During my fieldwork on the islands of Okinawa Prefecture, numerous local historians, intellectuals, and librarians helped me come to grips with the issues involved in my research. The librarians of Ishigaki Municipal Library, Okinawa Prefectural Library, and Okinawa Prefectural Archives offered generous assistance over the course of this project. I am especially indebted to Miki Takeshi, Tokunō Toshimi, and Īda Yasuhiko for kindly offering valuable resources and information. While I was continuing my studies in Taiwan after completing my doctorate, Lu Kikuno and her family made Taipei my second home. I would like to particularly thank You Yun- xia, Chen Shuan, Yan Xinru, Andy Wang, Yamamoto Kazuyuki, Huang Chih-huei, Pien Feng-kwei, Takenaka Nobuko, and Dominic Yang for helping me learn about Taiwanese history. Chang Lung-chih offered me much support when I was affiliated with the Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica. As I learned what it means to produce a “national history” there, I am especially grateful for the hospitality and friendship of the mem- bers of its Cultural History Group. Asia Research Institute at the National University of Singapore pro- vided me with generous support and assistance as a postdoctoral fellow. ix Friendly conversations and discussions with scholars in the various fields of Asian studies broadened my horizons. Special appreciation is due for the constant intellectual stimulation and helpful cooperation offered by Chua Beng-huat, Allen Chun, Wasana Wongsurawat, Michelle Miller, Liew Khai Khiun, Cho Younghan, and Ronit Ricci. Additionally, I am extremely grateful for several opportunities to par- ticipate in joint research projects in Japan. I owe a large debt of gratitude to Araragi Shinzō for his generous support and encouragement. Participation in his research group provided many opportunities to meet scholars work- ing on different forms of international migration. I also profited immensely from discussions with research group members. It was my privilege to work with Noiri Naomi, Matsuda Yoshitaka, Mizuta Kenji, and Kuninaga Mi- chi ko and coedit a Japanese book on relations between Yaeyama and Tai- wan for a general audience. I cannot thank them enough for sharing their thoughts on the histories of Okinawa and Taiwan. Participation in Fujiwara Ken’ichi’s research group on the history of Okinawan teachers also enabled me to consider my research from a different angle. This book would not have materialized without the assistance of many scholars, editors, and anonymous reviewers. Edith Kaneshiro, Romit Das- gupta, Azuma Eiichirō, and Anand Yang have given me insightful advice on compiling and publishing my research in a scholarly book. Two anonymous reviewers offered excellent suggestions for improving the manuscript. Sha- ron Loo and Laura Iwasaki have been of great help in polishing my English- language writing and editing the manuscript. I have been extremely fortu- nate to have a chance to work with Masako Ikeda, my editor at University of Hawai‘i Press, who kindly assisted in the preparation of this manuscript. Financial support from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 10J02933 and 25885110 allowed me to work on this project while moving across sev- eral cities and countries. Over the years, so many people have contributed to the making of this book that I cannot possibly thank them all. However, I must particularly thank the following people for their valuable scholarly comments and special words of encouragement at different stages of this project: Sasaki Motoe, Hosihina Hironobu, Timothy Tsu, Ōta Atsushi, Lee Hyunjung, Ījima Mariko, Mori Akiko, Nagura Kyōko, Kobayashi Hi- roshi, and Doi Tomoyoshi. My current colleagues at Kobe Gakuin Univer- sity deserve a special mention for providing a supportive environment in which to complete the manuscript’s final preparations. I am also indebted to the university librarians for their excellent assistance. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, Kayoko and Kazuo, and my sister, Keiko, for their unfailing support and understanding. Without them, I could not have con- tinued this intellectual exploration. x Acknowledgments Note on Asian Languages Chinese, Taiwanese, and Japanese personal names are given in the text in the customary order,