ACTAARACHNOL.,27,Specialnumber),1977. 337

PreliminaryReportontheCaveSpider FaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago

By

MatsueiSHIMOJANA

FutenmaHighSchool,Iiutenma,GinowanCity,OkinawaPrefecture,

Synopsis

SHIMOJANA,Matsuei(FutenmaHighSchool,Futenma,GinowanCity,OkinawaPre-

fecture):PreliminaryreportonthecavespiderfaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago.Actor arachnol.,27(Specialnumber):337-365(1977). AsurveyofthecavespiderfaunaintheRyukyuArchipelagowascarriedoutfrom1966

to1976.Fourtytwospeciesofthirtysixgenerabelongingtotwentythreefamilieswererecord-

edfrommanylimestonecavesintheRyukyuIslands.Therepresentativecavespidersinthe RyukyuArchipelagoare〃 σ∫ゴ7σ〃σ10〃8ψ 姥 ρガ∫,ノ7αZ6ガ勿)!o〃6!σo々 勿 σ"σ6η ∫ガ3,の60667σ1σ 〃76σ♂σ andTetrablemmashimojanaietc.Amongofthem,SpeoceralaureatesandTetrablemma

shimojanaiarewidelydistributedintheRyukyuChain.ThecavespiderfaunaoftheRyukyu ArchipelagoismuchdifferentfromtheJapaneseIslands.

Introduction

ThecavespiderfaunaoftheRyukyuIslandshasbeenreportedbyDr・T・

YAGINuMA(1962,1970),Dr.T.KoMATsu(1968,1972,1974)andthepresentauthor

(1973),butthenumberofrecordedspeciesisfewandfragmentary・

BiospeleologicalsurveyoftheRyukyuArchipelagohavebeencarriedoutbythe

author,andhehascollectedmanykindsofsubterraneananimalsfrommanylimestone

caves.

Thepresentpaperdealswiththespiderfaunadisclosedduringthesesurveys.

Befbregoingfurtherintothesubjects,theauthorwishestoexpresshishearty

thankstoDr.TakeoYAGINuMAofOhtemonGakuinUniversity,Osaka,Dr.Shun-ichi

UENoofNationalScienceMuseum,Tokyo,Dr.SadaoIKEHARAofUniversityofthe

Ryukyus,,Dr.ToshihiroKoMATsuofMatsumotoDentalCollege,Nagano

andDr.P.M.BRIGNoLIofUniversityoftheRoma,Italyfortheirkindandhelpful

suggestionsandadvicesduringthecourseofthisstudy.Theauthorwishestoexpress

hisgratitudetoMr.YoshioARAKAKIofFutenmashrine,forhiscooperationinOkinawa ロ ,1maSU「vey・ 338 M.SHIMOJANA

Nameofthelimestonecavessurveyedinthepresentpaper 1 Nanatii-gamaCave;Takigawa,Kikai-cho,Kikaijima 2 UnnamedCave:Takigawa,Kikai-cho,Kikaijima 3 MaeyamaCave:Tokuwase,Tokunoshima-cho,Tokunoshima 4 NikedaCave:Tokuwase,Tokunoshima-cho,Tokunoshima 5 KenbuiiCave:Kami-kenbuku,Isen-cho,Tokunoshima 6 KuragoCave:Kojima,Isen-cho,Tokunoshima 7 Shoryu-doCave:Tokutoki,China-cho,Okierabujima 8 TaminanohoCave:Tamina,China-cho,Okierabujima 9 Erabu-doCave:China,China-cho,Okierabujima 1 0 HoonoukoCave:China,China-cho,Okierabujima 1 1 Tenryu-doCave:Kamishiro,China-cho,Okierabujima 2 1 Aasaki-abuCave:Higashiku,Yoron-cho,Yoronjima 1 3 YagooCave:Higashiku,Yoron-cho,Yoronjima 1 4 Toominali-abuCave:Kajino,Yoron-cho,Yoronjima 1 5 ItsutenyagaaCave:Nishizaki,Ie-son,Iejima 1 6 Miitsu-abuCave:Minatobaru,Ie-son,Iejima 1 7 NahanshriCave:Kawahira,Ie-son,Iejima 1 8 NiiyatiyaCave:Nishizaki,Ie-son,Iejima 9 1 UnnamedCave(A):Nishizaki,Ie-son,Iejima 2 0 UnnamedCave(B):Nishizaki,Ie-son,Iejima 2 1 Taninukuchi-abuCave:Hedo,Kunigami-son,Okinawajima 2 2 UnnamedCave:hedo,Kunigami-son,Okinawajima 2 3 Tametomo-goCave:Unten,Nakijin-son,Okinawajima 2 4 Ushinusuru-gamaCave:Nakijin,Nakijin-son,Okinawajima 2 5 Itsupiyaa-gamaCave:Oyadomari,Nakiiin-son,Okinawajima 2 6 Sumika-abuCave:Sumikabaru,Motobu-cho,Okinawajima 2 7 Tirano-gamaCave:Ishikawa,Motobu-cho,Okinawajima 2 8 Nobaru-gamaCave:Nobaru,Motobu-cho,Okinawajima 2 9 Nishi-buumabaru-dbCave:Buumabaru,Buuma,Nagocity,Okinawalima 3 0 Awa-d6Cave:Buuma,Nagocfty,Okinawajima 3 1 MiigaCave:Matsuda,Ginoza-son,Okinawajima 3 2 AngaaCave:Matsuda,Ginoza-son,Okinawajima 3 3 Shirohara-doCave:Shirohara,Ginoza-son,Okinawajima 3 4 Nisshu-doCave:Kin,kin-son,Okinawajima 3 5 Terano-gamaCave:Kadekaru,Ishikawacity,Okinawajima 3 6 Kaabtiya-gamaCave:Yamada,Onna-son,Okinawajima Cave Spider Fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago 339

37. Shimuku-gama Cave: Namihira, -son, Okinawa jima 38. Tiira-gama Cave : Toya, Yomitan-son, Okinawa jima 39. Unnamed Cave: Toya, Yomitan-son, Okinawa jima 40. Amuji-gama Cave : Ikemi, Yonashiro-son, Miyagi jima 41. Ichimi-gama Cave : Ikemi, Yonashiro-son, Miyagi jima 42. Kanida-gama Cave : Uehara, Yonashiro-son, Miyagi jima 43. Mayaa-gama Cave : Uezu, Gushikawa city, Okinawa jima 44. Mayaa-gama Cave : Yohen, Yonashiro-son, Okinawa jima 45. Zukeran-do Cave : Zukeran, Kitanakagushuku-son, Okinawa jima 46. Nakagusuku-do Cave: Ooshiro, Kitanakagusuku-son, Okinawa jima

47. Izumi-do Cave : Ooshiro, Kitanakagusuku-son, Okinawa jima 48. Futenmagu-do Cave : Futenma, Ginowan city, Okinawa jima 49. Taabaru-gama Cave : Nodake, Ginowan city, Okinawa jima 50. Mayaa-abu Cave : Mashiki, Ginowan city, Okinawa jima

51. Agari-isagama Cave : Maehara, Ginowan city, Okinawa jima 52. Ryugu-do Cave : Miyagi, Urasoe city, Okinawa jima 53. Yaaji-gama Cave : Kakinohana, Tamashiro-son, Okinawa jima

54. Kuraga Cave : Oyakebaru, Tamashiro-son, Okinawa jima 55. Tiira-gama Cave : Oyakebaru, Tamashiro-son, Okinawa jima 56. Ufuniku-gama Cave : Oyakebaru, Tamashiro-son, Okinawa jima 57. Gyokusen-do Cave: Maekawa, Gushikami-son, Okinawa jima 58. Shinzato-do Cave : Aragusuku, Gushikami-son, Okinawa jima 59. Yajaa-gama Cave : Kitahara, Gushikawa-son, Kume jima 60. Ganimanro-abu Cave : Kitahara, Gushikawa-son, Kume jima 61. Yatsuchino-gama Cave : Uezu, Gushikawa-son, Kume jima 62. Ohobu-abu Cave: Uezu, Gushikawa-son, Kume jima 63. Narikawa-do Cave: Nikadori, Hirara city, Miyako jima 64. Higashi-narikawa Cave : Nikadori, Hirara city, Miyako jima 65. Isagana Cave : Higa, Gusukube-cho, Miyako jima

66. Tsujupaga Cave : Higa, Gusukube-cho, Miyako jima 67. Abucha Cave : Nakahara, Gusukube-cho, Miyako jima 68. Chibisuki-abu Cave : Bora, Gusukube-cho, Miyako jima 69. Fukazoko Cave : Bora, Gusukube-cho, Miyako jima 70. Sabichigo Cave : Ibaruma, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 71. Sakae-do Cave : Sakae, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 72. Inoda-iijaa Cave : Inoda, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 73. Tajinano-abu Cave: Shiraho, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 340 M. SHIMOJANA

74. Akamine-abu Cave : Shiraho, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima

75. Kaasunia-iijaa Cave: Oohama, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 76. Nisufusuto-iijaa Cave: Oohama, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 77. Daiichi Fukubuku-iijaa Cave: Shiinabaru, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 78. Daini Fukubuku-iijaa Cave: Shiinabaru, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 79. Maria-iijaa Cave: Nishitakebaru, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 80. Daiichi -do Cave : Yamabare, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 81. Daichi Tabagabaru Cave : Kabira, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 82. Daini Tabagabaru Cave: Kabira, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 83. Taamoto-iijaa Cave : Kabira, Ishigaki city, Ishigaki jima 84. Yangaa-Cave : Kaijibaru, Taketomi-cho, Taketomi jima 85. Nanamarashi-abu Cave : Shihosabaru, Taketomi-cho, Taketomi jima 86. Zuruku-aboo Cave : Nakasuji, Taketomi-cho, Kohama jima 87. Kenno--abu Cave: Nakanobaru, Taketomi-cho, Kuro shima

88. Paimutii-abu Cave : Haebaru, Taketomi-cho, Kuro shima 89. Nakano-do Cave : Nakano, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 90. Ootomi-do Cave : Ootomi, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 91. Daini Ootomi-do Cave : Ootomi, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 92. Unnamed Cave : Ootomi, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 93. Itokawarindo Cave : Toyohara, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 94. Toyohara-do Cave : Toyohara, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote jima 95. Hyandagu-abu Cave : Kubura, Yonaguni.-cho, Yonaguni jima 96. Tarumai-abu Cave : Kubura, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 97. Adigara Cave : Kubura, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 98. Momotabaru-abu Cave : Momotabaru, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 99. Ubunuti-abu Cave : Shiobaru, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 100. Shiobaru-abu Cave : Shiobaru, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 101. Runada-abu Cave : Sonai, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 102. Unnamed Cave: Sonai, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 103. Nichinhikidaya Cave : Sonai, Yonaguni-cho, Yonaguni jima 104. Konpira-do Cave : Ikenosawa, Minami-Daito-son, Minami-Daito jima 105. Ashibikigo Cave : Toshima-mura, Takara jima 106. Kuiji-gama Cave : Kuijibaru, Tonaki-son, Tonaki jima 107. Takatabaru-gama Cave : Takatabaru, Tonaki-son, Tonaki jima 108. Habasakuno-gama Cave : Matsuobaru, Aguni-son Aguni jima 109. Kuyamabaru-gama Cave : Kuyamabaru, Nakijin-son, Kouri jima 110. Ushitura-gama Cave : Yonashiro-son, Ikei jima Cave Spider Fauna of the Ryukyu Archipleago 341 342 M.SHIMOJANA

111. HamagaaCave:Higa,Katsuren-son,Hamahigajima 112. AngaaCave:Chinen,Chinen-son,Okinawajima 113. Jiibu-abuCave:Shikiya,Chinen-son,Okinawajima 114. DaiichiFunakubu-doCave:Funakubu,Sashiki-son,Okinawajima 115. Abutu-gamaCave:Toya,Yomitan-son,Okinawajima 116. Tsusaa-gaano-abuCave:Izusumuyama,Shimoji-cho,Kurimajima 117. Genko-abuCave:Nikadori,Hiraracity,Miyakojima

Results

SpidersobtainedfrumthelimestonecavesintheRyukyu Archipelagoaresyste一 maticallyar.rangedasfollows

FamilyHeptathelidae

Hep'o酌e1α ゐ伽 観mf(KISHIDA,1923)

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.3,1970,Agari-isagamaCave(No.51);

2females,Aug・6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);1female,Aug.22,1970,Shimuku-

gamaCave(No・37);1female,Aug・29,1970,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.44);2femal$,

Feb.8,1971,Kaabuya-gamaCave(No.36);2females,Aug.30,1971 ,MiigaCave(No.

31);2females,Aug.30,1971,ShiroharaCave(No.33);1female,Feb.19,1972,Taabaru-

gam-aCave(No.49);2females,Aug.1,1972,KuragoCave(No.6);2femaleyoungs,

Aug.2,1972,MaeyamaCave(No.3);1female,Sep.9,1972,Nobaru-gamaCave(No .

28);1female,Sep.15,1972,Kanida-gamaCave(No.42);1femaleyoung ,Sep.24,

1972,Miitu-abuCave(No.16);1female,Oct.8,1972,Taninukuchi-abuCave(No .21);

1female,Oct.7,1972,Tametomo-gamaCave(No.23);1female ,Oct.7,1972,Ushi- nusuru-gam.aCave(No.24);1female,Feb.19,1976,AngaaCave(No.32);1female , Feb.19,1976,Jiibu-abuCave(No.113);1female,Jun.27,1976,DaiichiFunakubu-do

Cave(No.114).

ThisspeciesisthemostprimitivespiderknowninJapan,whichliveingroundin atubenest,theentranceofwhichhasatrapdoor.Thegeneralappearanceofthis spiderrese皿blesthatofthetrapdoorspiders,butitiseasilydistinguishedfromthem bythepresenceofmarkedtergalplatesonthedorsumoftheabdomen .Thisspecies isdistributedfromthesouthernareaofKyushutoIriomotejimaoftheRyukyus .

Thedistributionofitseemstoberelatedwiththegeologicalhistoryofeachisland .

Subterraneanspider.

Distribution:Kyushu(southernarea),Yakushima ,Tanegashima,Amami一 CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 343

ooshima,Tokunoshima,Okinawajima,Iejima,Miyagijima,Tsukenjima,Hamahiga jima,Tokashikijima,Kumejima,IshigakijimaandIriomotejima.

FamilyDipluridae MacrotheleholstiPocor.K,1901

Specimensexamined:1female,Oct.26,1972,DaiichiFukubuku-iiiaaCave(No. 77);1femme,Oct.24,1972,00tomi-doCave(No.90). Thisspiderbuildsafunnel-webintheground;understonesordecayedtreesinthe forest.Theburrowiscomposedofasilkentube,whichleadsintothenest.Nocturnal andsubterraneanspecies. Distribution:Ishigakijima,Iriomoteiima,FormosaandChina.

FamilyCtenizidae

LatouchiaswinhoeiPococK,1901

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);2

females,Feb.1972,Taabaru-gamaCave(No.49);1female,Sep.2,1972,Tiira-gama

Cave(No.55);2females,Jul.17,1972,Ufuniku-gamaCave(No.56).

Thisspeciesisasubterraneanspider,whichisdistributedintheRyukyuChain.

Itisfoundfrombothinsideandoutsideofthelimestonecave.

Distribution:Okinawajima,Kumejima,Miyagijima,Tokunoshima,Kikai

jimaandTakarajima(TokaraIslands).

σ ητ御f4如 ノ7・αgα アfα(DOENITZ,1887)

Specimensexamined:1female,May3,1965,Nakagusuku-doCave(No.46);

2females,Oct.21,1972,Ubunuti-abuCave(No.99);1female,Oct.23,1972,Adigara

Cave(No.97).

ThistrapdoorspideriswidelydistributedinJapan,whichmakesatube-nest

underthebarkoftrees.Nocturnalandscotophilousspider.

Distribution:Yonagunijima,Kumejima,Okinawajima,Amamiooshima,Kikai

jima,Takarajima,Yakushima,Tsushima,Kyushu,ShikokuandHonshu.

FamilyUloboridae

σ10わ07・ω5geηfcω1σ ∫ω:5(0:LIvIER,1879)

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);1

female,Sep.8,1970;2females,Feb.19,1972,Taabaru-gamaCave(No.49);1female, 344 M. SHIMOJANA

Aug. 25, 1970, Nisshu-do Cave (No. 34);1 female, Aug. 26, 1971, Nishi-buumabaru-do Cave (No. 29); 1 female, Sep. 24, 1972, Miitu-abu Cave (No. 16);1 female young, Sep. 24, 1972, Itsutenyaga Cave (No. 15); 1 female, Oct. 26, 1972, Daiichi Fukubuku-iijaa Cave (No. 77). This tropical spider is often found in the . Scotophilous species. Distribution: Yonaguni jima, Iriomote jima, Ishigaki jima, Miyako jima, Kume jima, Miyagi jima, Okinawa jima, Ie jima, Tonaki jima, Aguni jima, Kudaka jima, Amami ooshima, Takara jima and Nakano shima. Uloborus Varians BOSENBERG et STRAND,1906 Specimens examined: 3 females, Aug. 14, 1970, Yaaji-gama Cave (No. 53); 1 female, Aug. 6, 1970, Terano-gama Cave (No. 35); 1 female, Aug. 25, 1970, Nisshu-do Cave (No. 34); 1 female, Aug. 29, 1970, Mayaa-gama Cave (No. 44); 3 females, l male, Sep. 8,1970;1 male, Feb. 19. 1970, Taabaru-gama Cave (No. 49);1 male, Oct. 11, 1970, Futenmagu-do Cave (No. 48);1 female, Jul. 23, 1971, Abucha Cave (No. 67); 2 females, Jul. 23, 1971, Higashi-narikawa Cave (No. 64); 2 females, Jul. 23, 1971, Tsujupaga Cave (No. 66); 1 female, Jul. 23, 1971, Narikawa-do Cave (No. 63); 1 female, Aug. 26, 1971, Awa-do Cave (No. 30) : 1 male, Aug. 1, 1972, Kurago Cave (No. 6) ; 1 female young, Jul, 31, 1972, Nanatii-gama Cave (No. 1); 2 females, Sep. 16, 1972, Amuji-gama Cave (No. 40); 1 male, Sep. 15, 1972, Kanida-gama Cave (No. 42); 1 female, Sep. 24, 1972, Nahanshari Cave (No. 17); 1 female, Oct. 8, 1972, Taninukuchi-abu Cave (No. 21); 2 females, Feb. 19, 1976, Angaa Cave (No. 32). This species has the same habit as Uloborus geniculatus. It is a widely distributed spider in the Ryukyus and Japanes Islands. Scotophilous spider. Distribution: Yaeyama Isls., Miyako Isls., Okinawa Isls., Amami Isis., Tokara Isis., Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, Hokkaido, Korea and Formosa.

Family Oonopidae Ischnothyreus narutomii (NAKATSUDI, 1942) Specimens examined: 1 female, Sep. 8, 1970, Taabaru-gama Cave (No. 49); 1 male, Feb. 22, 1971, Mayaa-gama Cave (No. 44) ; 1 male, Aug. 3, 1972, Shoryu-do Cave (No. 7); 1 female, 1 female young, Sep. 8, 1972, Amuji-gama Cave (No. 40); 1 male, Sep. 16, 1972, Ichimi-gama Cave (No. 41). This tiny spider lives under leaf litters in open woodland, but its habit are little known. Habitual trogloxenous spider. Distribution : Okinawa jima, Miyagi jima, Okierabu jima, Yaku shima, Oga- sawara, Izu Isls., Kyushu and Honshu. Cave Spider Fauna of th e Ryukyu Archipelago 345 346 M.SHIMOJANA

FamilyTetrablemmidae

Te〃 αわ1e御 ηりα3んf御oフ'α π αfKoMATsu,1968

Specimensexamined:1femaleand2males,Sep.28,1968:3femalesand2males,

Aug.6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35};2femalesandlmale,Jul.24,1970;1female,

Jul.28,1972:2males,Dec.19,1975,Yajaa-gamaCave{No.59);1female,Aug.22,

1970,Shimuku-gamaCave(No.37);3femalesandlmale,Aug.25,Nisshu-do(No.34);

2femalesandlmale,Aug.29,1970:4females,Jul.25,1972,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.

44);3femalesand3male,Sep.8,1970:1male,Feb.19,1972;2male,Jul.1972,Taa-

baru-gamaCave(No.49);2females,22,1971,Mayaa-abuCave(No.50);2females,

Aug.30,1971,AngaaCave(No.32);1female,Feb.22,1972,Zukeran-doCave(No.

45);2females,Aug.2,1972,Maeyamacave(No.3);1female,Aug.3,1972,Shoryu-do

Cave(No.7);4females,4femaleyoungsand3males,Sep.2,1972,Tira-gamaCave

(1¥TO.38);1female,Sep.2,1972,Abutu-gamaCave(No.115);2males,Sep.9,1972,

Nobaru-gamaCave(No.28);3males,Sep.16,1972,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.43);3

females,2femaleyoungsand2males,Sep.15,1972,Kanida-gamaCave(No.42};

3femalesandlmale,Sep.16,1972,Amuji-gamaCave(No.40);4femalesandlmale,

Sep.16,1972,Ichimi-gamaCave(No.41);1male,Sep.23,1972,NiiyatiaCave(No・

18);1femaleandlmale,Oct.7,1972,Tametomo-gamaCave(No.23);1femaleand

lmale,Oct.7,1972,Ushinusuru-gamaCave(No.24);1male,Oct.21,1972,Ubunuti-

abuCave(No.99);1femaleandlmale,Oct.23,1972,Runada-abuCave(No.101);

1male,Oct.29,1972,Zuruku-abooCave(No.86);1male,Aug.23,1973,Nakano-do

Cave(No.89);2males,May.29,1974,Habaa-sakuno-gamaCave(No.108);2females

andlmale,Jun.9,1974,Konpira-doCave(No.104).

Thistinyspiderisoftenfoundinthelimestonecaves,whichisawidelydistributed

speciesintheRyukyuChain.ItisanendemicspeciesintheRyukyuIslands.Habit

ofthisspiderarelittleknown.ItisremarkablethatTetyablemmashimojanaihasbeen

foundtocoexistwith.hTexablemmasp.onlyinNakano-doCaveonIriomotejima.

Troglophilousspider.

Distribution:Yonagunijima,Iriomotejima,Kohamajima,Ishigakijima,

Okinawajima,Miyagijima,Iejima,Agunijima,Kumejima,Minami-Daitojima,

Okierabujima,TokunoshimaandTakarajima(TokaraIslands).

FamilyLeptonetidae

FalcileptonetaokinawaensisKOMATSU,1972

Specimensexamined:3females,Aug.22,1970,Shimuku-gamaCave(No.37); 12femalesand2males,Aug.25,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34);3femalesandlmale CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 34? andlmaleyoung,Sep.16,1972,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.44);2males,Feb.22,1971: 3femalesandlmale,Ju1.25,1972,Mayaa-abuCave(No.50);2femals,Oct.7,1972, Tametomo-gamaCave(No.23);2femalesandlmale,Oct.14,1972,Futenmagucave (No.48). Thisspiderspinsasheet-webindarkplacesattheentranceofthelimestonecaves. Probablyatroglophilousspider. Distribution:Okinawajima.

MasiranalongipalpisKOMATSU,1972

Specimensexamined:5females,Aug.6,1970;1femaleandlmale,Jul.23, 1972,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);5males,Aug.25,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34); 3femalesand2males,Aug.29,1970,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.44);2femalesand3 males,Feb.22,1971;1femaleandlmale,Jul.7,1972:5femalesandlmale,Jul.25, 1972,Mayaa-abuCave(No.50);1male,Feb.8,1971,Kaabuya-gamaCave(No.36); 6females,4femaleyoungsand5males,Aug.26,1971,Nishi-buumabaru-doCave(No. 29);3femalesand2males,Aug.30,1971,Shirohara-doCave(No.33);2females,Aug. 30,1971,AngaaCave(No.32);2females,4femaleyoungsand2males,Sep.9,1972, Nobaru-gamaCave(No.28);1female,4malesandlmaleyoung,Sep.15,1972, Kanida-gamaCave(No.42);16females,4femaleyoungs,6malesand2maleyoungs, Sep.16,1972,Amuji-gamaCave(No.40);10females,2femaleyoungs,2malesand lmaleyoung,Sep.16,1972,Ichimi-gamaCave(No.41);1female,2femaleyoungs, 1maleandlmaleyoung,Sep.24,1972,ItsutenyagaCave(No.15);5females,1female youngand5males,Sep.24,1972,Miitu-abuCave(No.16);5females,3femaleyoungs, 4malesandlmaleyoung,Oct.7,1972,Ushinusuru-gamaCave(No.24);2femalesa.nd 2males,Feb.19,1976,Jiibu-abuCave(No.113);3femalesandlmale,Feb.19,1976. AngaaCave(No.112);4femalesand2males,Jul.24,1970:3femalesand2males, Jun.24,1974:2femalesandlmale,Jul.27,1972,Yajaa-gamaCave(No.59);2females and3males,Jul.28,1972,Ganimanro-doCave(No.60);2femalesandlmale,Jul.28, 1972,0hobu-abuCave(No.62);3femalesand3males,May9,1974,Kuijibaru-gama Cave(No.106);1female,2femaleyoungs,1maleandlmaleyoung,May9,1974, Takatabaru-gamaCave(No.107);5females,2femaleyoungs,6malesandlmaleyoung, Oct.26,1972,Maria-iijaaCave(No.79);5females,2femaleyoungsand3males,Oct. 26,1972,DaiichiFukubuku-iijaaCave(No.77);9females,1femaleyoungand2males, Oct.28,1972:2femalesandlmale,Mar.29,1973,Inoda-iijaaCave(No.72);1fbmale and2males,Oct.28,1972,SabichigoCave(No.70);7females,2femaleyoungsand 2males,Oct.28,1972,Sakae-abucave(No.71). OneoftherepresentativespiderofthetroglobionticspeciesintheRyukyuIslands, 348 M. SHIMOJANA Cave Spider Fauna of the Ryukyu Archipel ago 349

Fig. 4. A-1,2: Leptoneta sp., of Toominari Cave on Yoron jima; male palp. B. Leptoneta sp., of Nanatii-gama Cave on Kikai jima; male palp. C. Leptoneta sp., of Kenbuii Cave on Tokuno shima; male palp. D. Falcileptoneta okinawaensis of Shimuku-gama Cave on Okinawa jima. which is adapted in a subterranean environments. This species is not found in , Daito Islands and Aguni jima (). In , this species is found only on Ishigaki jima. It seems that the distribution of this species has relation to the geological history and topography (espicially altitude of the limestone plateau) of each island.

Family Telemidae Speocera laureata KoMATSU, 1974 Specimens examined : 6 females and 4 males, Aug. 26,1971: 1 female and 2 males, Jul. 25, 1972, Mayaa-gama Cave (No. 44); 1 male, Sep. 8, 1970: 2 females and 1 male, Jul. 25, 1972: 2 females, Feb. 19, 1972, Taabaru-gama Cave (No. 49); 2 females and 1 male, Sep. 28, 1965: 4 females and 2 males, Aug. 6, 1970: 2 females and 1 male, Jul. 350 M. SHIMOJANA

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V 0 cd

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V V v 0 -N

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A 'a W

w CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 351

23,1972,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);1male,Aug.26,1971,Nishi-buumabaruCave

(No.29);4females,Sep.9,1972,Nobaru-gamaCave{No.28);2maleandlmale young,Sep.16,1972,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.43);1female,Feb.22,1972,Zukeran-do

Cave(No.45j;2females,2femaleyoungsand2males,Jul.17,1972,Shinzato-doCave

(No.58);7femalesandlmale,Sep.2,1972,Tira-gamaCave(No.38);2femalesand

2males,Oct.7,1972,Ushinusuru-gamaCave(No.24);5femalesand2males,Oct.7,

1972,Tametomo-gamaCave(No.23);1femaleandlmale,Sep.15,1972,Kanida-gama

Cave(No.42);5females,1femaleyoungand2males,Sep.16,1972,Amuji-gamaCave

(No.40);2malesandlmaleyoung,Sep.16,1972,Ichimi-gamaCave(No.41);8 femalesandlmale,Sep.24,1972,Miitu-abuCave(No.16);2females,Sep.24,1972,

NiiyatiaCave(No.18);3femalesand2males,Aug.6,1972,Toominari-abuCave(No.

14);1female,1femaleyoungandlmale,Aug.5,1972,Tenryu-doCave(No.11);

1female,Aug.3,1972,Shoryu-doCave(No.7);2femaleand2males,Jul・31,1972,

Nanatii-gamaCave(No.1);1male,May16,1974,Ushitura-gamaCave(No.110);

1femaleand3males,May15,1974,HamagaaCave(No.111);1femaleandlmale young,May10,1974Tera-gamaCave(No.35);1female,Oct.22,1972,Tarumai-abu

Cave(No.96);1femaleand2males,Oct.21,1972,Ubunuti-abuCave(No.99);2females,

Oct.21,1972,Shiobaru-gamaCave(No.100);1male,Oct.22,1972,Hyandagu-abu

Cave(No.95);1femaleandlmale,Oct.27,1972,Kenno-abuCave(No.87);3females and2males,Aug.6,1973,00tomi-doCave(No.90);lfemale,Oct.29,1972,Zuruku- abooCave(No.86);3femalesand2males,Oct.25,1972,Nanamarashi-abuCave(No.

85);2females,Oct.26,1972,Kaasunia-iijaaCave(No.75);2femalesand2males,Oct.

28,1972,Sakae-doCave(No.71);2femalesandlmale,Aug.8,1973,DainiFukubuku- iijaaCave(No.78).

Thisisaverysmallspider,andisfoundinOkinawa,YaeyamaandAmamiIslands.

Habitofthisspeciesissimilartothatof7セ 〃 σ∂4を吻 吻 σ ∫〃 翅/伽 σゴ・

FamilyScytodidae

5cツ'04e5'んofαcfcα(LATREILLE,1804)

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);1 female,Sep.2,1972,Tirano-gamaCave(No.29);1female,Sep.23,1972,NiiyatiaCave (No.18). Thisspiderisfrequentlyfoundindarkplacesintheforestorinthehouses.This speciesiswidelydistributedintheworld.Scotophilousspider. Distribution:YaeyamaIsls.,MiyakoIsls.,OkinawaIs]s.,AmamiIsls.,Tokara Isls.,Tsushima,Kyushu,Honshu,Shikoku,Hokkaido,Formosa,KoreaandChina. 352 M.SHIMOJANA

FamilyPholcidae

51m27伽g⑫ ω3pα 班dω ∫(BLAcKwA:L:L,1858)

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.6,1970,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);2

females,Aug.25,1970,Nisshu-dbCave(No.34);2females,Nov.8,1971,Kaabuya-

gamaCave(No.36);1female,Aug.26,1971,Awa-doCave(No.30);1female,Aug.

30,1971,AngaaCave(No.32);2females,Aug.30,1971,MiigaCave(No.31);3females,

Jul.23,1971,AbuchaCave(No.67);1female,Jul.23,1971,Chibisuki-abuCave(No.

68);1female,Jul.23,1971,FukajokoCave(No.69);1female,Jul.23,1971,Isagana

Cave(No.65);2females,Jul.24,1971,Nisufusuto-iijaaCave(No.76);1female,Feb.

22,1972,Zukeran-doCave(No.45);1female,Sep.16,1972,Amuji-gamaCave(No・

40);2females,Sep.16,1972,Ichimi-gamaCave(No.41);2females,Oct,7,1972,

Ushinusuru-gamaCave(No.24);1female,Oct.26,1972,Maria-iijaaCave(No.79);

1male,Oct.28,1972,SabichigoCave(No.70);1female,Oct.27,1972,Akamine-abu

Cave(No.74);1female,Oct.27,1972,Tajinano-abuCave(No.73);1female,Oct.26,

1972,Kaasunia-iijaaCave(No.75);2females,Oct.29,1972,Zuruku-abooCave(No.

86);1female,Oct.27,1972,Paimutii-abuCave(No.78);1female,Oct.24,1972,00-

tomi-d6Cave(No.90);2females,Oct.24,1972,DainiOotomi-d6Cave(No.91);1female

andlmale,Oct.22,1972,rl'arumai-abuCave(No.96);2femaleyoungs,Oct.21,1972,

Ubunuti-abuCave(No.99);1female,Oct.22,1972,NichinhikidayaCave(No.103);

1femaleyoung,Oct.23,1972,AdigaraCave(No.97);2females,Feb.19,1976,Jiibu-

abuCave(No.112).

ThisisawidelydistributedspeciesintheRyukyuIslands,whichisoftenfoundin

darkplacesinhumandwellingsorintheforest.Scotophilousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,OgasawaraandFormosa.

FamilyTheridiidae

Coleoεo伽 α 配 απ 伽 伽O.P.CAMBRIDGE,1882

Specimenexamined:1female,Feb.22,1972,Zukeran-dbCave(No.45). Thisspiderhasauniqueshapeofabdomen,anditlivesinfallenlittersordebris intheforest.Habitofthisspiderislittleknown.Trogloxenousspider. Distribution:Okinawajima,Yoronjima,Okierabujima,Yakushima,Honshu andCeylon.

Coπopf5'hσ プ£∬ ザ アoπ3(O.P.CAMBRIDGE,1869)

Specimensexamined:2femalesandlmale,Aug.30,1971,MiigaCave(No.31).

ThisspiderisawidelydistributedspeciesintheRyukyuIslands.Itinhabitsin CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 353

thewebofotherspiders.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Tsushima ,Kyushu,Shikoku, Honshu,FormosaandChina.

ConopisthabonadeaKARSCH,1881

Specimenexamined:1female,Aug.30,1971,MiigaCave(No.31 ,/.

ThehabitofthisspeciesissimilartothatofConop2'sthafissafyons.Aspecimen

wascollectedfromthewebofの 〃 砂 〃oグ σ 吻o伽666%∫2ぎ.Accidentaltrogloxenous

spider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Tsushima,Kyushu,Shikoku

andHonshu.

Theγfd[foπ 旋4)fdlα γfo川 初(C.KocH,1841)

Specimensexamined:3females,Aug.14,1970,Yaaji-gamaCave(No.53);

3females,Aug.26,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34);1femaleandlmale,Aug.30,1971,

Shirohara-doCave(No.33);4femalesandlmale,Oct.11,1970,Futenmagu-doCave

(No.48);1female,Aug.30,1971,AngaaCave(No.32);1femaleandlfemaleyoung,

Aug.6,1972,Terano-gamaCave(No.35);1female,Sep.2,1972,Abutu-gamaCave

(No.115);1female,Sep.2,1972,Tira-gamaCave(No.38).

Thiscosmopolitanspiderisoftenfoundindarkplacesorshadyfieldsnearhuman dwellingsoropenwoodland.Scotophilousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Tsushima,Kyushu,Shikoku,

Honshu,Hokkaido,Formosa,KoreaandChina.

FamilyNesticidae

Ne5がcπ57ηogeπ7YAGINuMA,1972

Specimensexamined:1male,Aug.11,1974,Tsusaa-gaano-abuCave(No.116);

1male,Aug.12,1974,Genko-abuCave(No.117}.

Thisisashort-leggednesticidspiderfoundonlyfromthelimestonecaveinthe

RyukyuChain.ButintheJapaneseIslands,thisspeciesisrecordedfrombothinside

andoutsideofthecave.

InMiyakoIslands,thisspeciesbuildsanirregularwebinrock-hallorunderdecayed logsinthelimestonecaves.

Theeyesandbody-coloroftheindividualsofMiyakoIslandsarecompletelyde- generated.Theauthorhascollectedmanyotherindividualsbelongingtogenus

NesticusfromthelimestonecavesonYonagunijima,Okinawajima,Iejima,Kume 354 M. SHIMOJANA

Fig. 6. Nesticus mogera of Tsusaa-gaano-abu Cave on Kurima jima (Miyako Islands) : A. B. Male palp. C. Dorsal aspect of the male. jima, Okierabu jima and Tokuno shima, but has not been able to determine these spiders up to now. Troglophilous species.

Family Linyphiidae Linyphia oidedicata (HELSDINGEN, 1969) Specimens examined: 1 female and 1 male, Aug. 29, 1970, Mayaa-gama Cave (No. 44). This spider spins a sheet-web in low bushes. Accidental trogloxenous species. Distribution: Ryukyu Islanus, Tokara Islands, Tsushima, Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu and Hokkaido.

Family Symphytognathidae Conoculus lyugadinus KoMATSU,1940 Specimens examined: 2 females, May 22, 1961, Amuji-gama Cave (No. 40); 2 females, A.ug. 6, 1971, Terano-gama Cave (No. 35) ; 7 females, Aug. 3, 1970, Agari- isagama Cave (No. 51); 4 females and 3 males, Nov. 30, Gyokusen-do Cave (No. 57); 3 females, Feb. 8, 1971, Kaabuya-gama Cave (No. 36); 1 female, Aug. 30, 1971, Shiro- hara-do Cave (No. 33); 1 female, Aug. 30, 1971, Miiga Cave (No. 31); 5 females, and Cave Spider F auna of the Ryukyu Archipel ago 355 356 M.SHIMOJANA

1male,Jul.17,1972,Shinzato-doCave(No.58);2females,Sep.15,1972,Kanida-gama Cave(No.42);1female,Dec.27,1972,0hobu-abuCave(No.62);1female,Oct.22, 1972,Hyandagu-abuCave(No.95);2femaleandlmale,Oct.24,1972,Toyohara-do Cave(No.94);3females,2femaleyoungsandlmale,Oct.26,1972,DaiichiFukubuku- iijasCave(No.77);1male,Oct.27,1972,Kenno-abuCave(No.87);4femalesand2 males,Oct.28,1972,Inoda-iijaaCave(No.72);2females,Oct.29,1972,Zuruku-aboo Cave(No.86);2females,Aug.6,1973,00tomi-doCave(No.90);3femalesand3males, Aug.1,1972,KuragoCave(No.6);3females,Aug.2,1972,KenbuiiCave(No.5);1 female,Aug.2,1972,MaeyamaCave(No.3);2females,Aug.3,1972,Shoryu-doCave (No.7);5female,Aug.3,1972,Erabu-doCave(No.9);2females,Aug.5,1972,Tenryu- doCave(No.11);1female,2femaleyoungsand2males,Auk.6,1972,Aasaki-abuCave (No.12). Thisspiderweavesafragileorb-webbetweenrocks,oftenovertherunningwater inthelimestonecaves.Sofarthisspecieshasbeenfoundinsideofthelimestonecaves intheRyukyuIslands,butitiscollectedfrombothinsideandoutsideofcavesinHonshu, Japan.ThisspideriswidelydistributedintheRyukyuArchipelago.Troglophilous spider. Distribution:Yonagunijima,Iriomotejima,Kuroshima,Kohamajima,Ishigaki jima,Okinawajima,Miyagijima,Kumejima,Yoronjima,Okierabujima,Tokuno shima,GotoIslands,Tsushima,Kyushu,ShikokuandHonshu.

FamilyArgiopidae

Araneusventricosus(L.Kocx,1877)

Specimenexamined:1female,Oct.11,1970,Futenmagu-doCave(No.48). ThisisawidelydistributedspiderintheRyukyusandJapaneseIslands.Itis usuallyfoundinshadyplacesnearhumandwellingsoropenwoodland.Accidental trogloxenousspecies. Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Tsushima,TokaraIslands,Kyushu,Shikoku, HonshuandHokkaido.

Afgfρ ρeαeη 副 σ(WA五cKENAER,1873)

Specimenexamined:1female,Sep.24,1972,NahanshariCave(No.17).

ThisisawidelydistributedspiderintheRyukyuIslands,andisusuallyfoundin fields.Thespiderweavesaninclinedorb-web,whichhasawhiteX-band(stabili- mentum)inthecentralpartoftheweb.Accidentaltrogloxenousspecies.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Formosa. CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago357

Gasteracanthamammosa(C.Kocx,1845)

Specimensexamined:1female,Jul.23,1971,Chibisuku-abuCave(No.68);

1female,Jul.23,1971,Narikawa-doCave(No.63).

OneofthemostcommonspeciesintheRyukvuIslands.Itweavesacomplete

orb-webinsunnyplaces.Accidentaltrogloxenousspecies.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Kyushu ,Shikoku,Honshu, ormosaandJhlna.

Mθ 如 アe'fcπ10f4e3YAGINuMA,1958

Specimensexamined:3females,1femaleyoungand,2maleyoungs,Aug.1 , 1972,KuragoCave(No.6).

Thisspiderweavesaninclinedorb-webindarkplacesneartheentranceofthe

limestonecaves.Scotophilousspecies.

Distribution:Okinawajima,Tokunoshima,Amamiooshima,Tsushima ,Kyushu, ShikokuandHonshu.

NephilaclavataL.Kocx,1877

Specimenexamined:1female,Aug.30,1971,MiigaCave(No.31).

ThisisawidelydistributedspeciesintheRyukyusandJapaneseIslands .An

accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Tsushima,Kyushu,Shikoku ,

Honshu,Formosa,KoreaandChina.

Nqρh〃 α η つαcπZα 如(FABRIclus,1793)

Specimensexamined二1female,Aug.30,1971,MiigaCave(No.31);1female,

Aug.14,1970,Yaaji-gamaCave(No.53).

OneofthecommonspeciesintheRyukyuIslands,whichisoftenfoundinopen woodlands・Thefe皿aleofthisspeciesisthelargestspiderinJapan ,butthemaleis verymuchsmaller.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,FormosaandChina.

qyclo3σ α 伊geη'eoσ1わo:B6sENBERGetSTRAND,1906

Specimenexamined:1female,Sep.8,1972,Taabaru-gamaCave(No .49).

Thisspiderspinsasmallorb-webinopenwoodland .Accidentaltrogloxenous spider,

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Amamiooshima,TokaraIslands,Kyushu , Shikoku,Honshu,HokkaidoandSakhalin. 358 M.SHIMOJANA

Cyclosainsulana(COSTA,1834)

Specimensexamined:1female,Sep.11,1970,FutenmaguCave(No.48);1female,

Jul.23,1971,Narikawa-doCave(No.63).

OneofthemostcommonspeciesintheRyukyusandJapaneseIslands.Habit

ofthisspeciesissimilartothatofの`ん ∫σ σノ86%160〃 ∂α.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Tsushima,TokaraIslands,Ogasawara,Kyushu,

Shikoku,Hokkaido,FormosaandChina.

qyclo3α7川41me伽eπ5f3(THoRELL,1887)

Specimensexamined:1male,Oct.2,1970,FutenmaguCave(No.48);1female,

Aug.29,1970,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.44).

Thisspiderisoftenfoundinopenwoodlandorseasideareas.Itiswidelydistri- butedintheRyukyuIslands.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslandsandFormosa.

qyπ ρρ ん 併 α7η01ωcceη3f3(Do:LEscHA:LL,1857)

Specimensexamined:2females,Aug.26,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34);1female,

Aug.14,1970,Yaaji-gamaCave(No.53).

ThisspideriswidelydistributedintheRyukyuChain.Thefemaleofthisspecies spinsalargedome-webinopenwoodland.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Yakushima,Kyushu,Shikoku,

HonshuandFormosa.

FamilyTetragnathidae

Leucaugeblanda(L.Kocx,1877)

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.14,1970,Yaaji-gamaCave(No.53);1fe- male,Aug.29,1970,Mayaa-gamaCave(No.44). ThisisawidelydistributedspeciesintheRyukyuIslands,whichisoftenfound inbushesorinopenwoodlands.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider. Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Tsushima,Yakushima,Kyushu, Shikoku,Honshu,FormosaandChina.

FamilyPisauridae

DolomedesraptorBOSENBERGetSTRANDS1906

Specimenexamined:2females,Aug.30,1971,Shirohara-doCave(No.33). CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 359

Thisspiderinhabitsinrockyareasofstreamsneartheforestorinswampland .

Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:Okinawajima,Amamiooshima,Nakanoshima(TokaraIslands),

Kyushu,ShikokuandFormosa.

Pα ♂eηe'hf3プ 己3cfgeγ α(B6sENBERGetSTRAND,1906)

Specimenexamined:1female,Aug.14,1970,Yaaji-gamaCave(Nn.53) .

Thisspiderisfoundoncultivatedfieldsorinopenwoodland.Accidentaltro-

gloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Amamiooshima,Kyushu,ShikokuandHonshu.

FamilyLycosidae

Lyco3αP3e〃doα η π π1α'α(B6sENBERGetSTRAND,1906)

Specimensexamined:3females,Aug.22,1970,Shimuku-gamyCave(No .37);

2females,Sep.8,1970,Taabaru-gamaCave(No.49);1females,Feb.8,1971 ,Kaabuya- gamaCave(No・36);1female,Jul・23,1971,Agari-isagamaCave(No.51);2female youngs,Aug.14,1971,Yaaji-gamaCave(No.53);3females,Sep.15,1972,Kanida- gamaCave(No.41);1female,Sep.23,1972,NiiyatiyaCave(No.18);2females,Oct.

26,1972,DaiichiFukubuku-iijaaCave(No.77).

ThisspiderisoftenfoundinpaddyfieldsorswamplandintheRyukyuIslands.

Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Amamiooshima,TokaraIslands,Kyushu,

Shikoku,Honshu,Hokkaido,Korea,ChinaandSkahalin.

FamilySalticidae

Plexippuspaykulli(AUDOUIN,1827)

Specimenexamined:1female,Aug.30,1970,Agari-isagamaCave(No.51). UneofthecommonspeciesintheRyukyuIslands.Itisoftenfoundaroundhuman dwellings.Accidentaltrogloxenousspecies. Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Ogasawara,Kyushu,Shikoku, Honshu,Hokkaido,FormosaandKorea.

Hasariusadansoni(AUDOUIN,1827)

Specimensexamined:1female,Oct.25,1972,YangaCave(No.84);2females, Oct.21,1972,Ubunuti-abuCave(No.99). 360 M.SHIMOJANA

Thisjumpingspiderhasthesamehabitasthe precedingspecies. Accidental trogloxenousslider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands, Ogasawara,Kyushu,Shikoku, HonshuandHokkaido.

My閉2σ7σchηeノ ⑫oπfcα(KARscH,1879)

Specimenexamined:1female,Oct.11,1970,FutenmaguCave(No.48).

Generalfeatureofthisspeciesresemblestheant,andisoftenfoundinopen

woodlandoringrassfield.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.Animalwascollectedby

YoshioARAKAKI.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Amamiooshima,TokaraIslands,Tsushima,

Kyushu,Shikoku,Honshu,FormosaandKorea.

FamilyClubionidae OrthobulacruciferaBOSENBERGetSTRANDS1906 Specimenexamined:1female,Jul.31,1972,Nanatii-gamaCave(No.1). Thissmallspiderlivesamongfallenleavesorinforestlitters.Trogloxenousspider. Distribution:Kumejima,Koobi-sho(SenkakuIslands),Kikaijima(Amami Islands),Suwanosejima(TokaraIslands),Kyushu,Shikoku,HonshuandKorea.

FamilyHeteropodidae

Hε'e7ρ ρ04α プb♂c加 如(KARscH,1881)

Specimensexamined:2females,Aug.25,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34);1female,

Jul.23,1971,AbuchaCave(No.67);1female,Jul.23,1971,Chibisuki-abuCave(No.

68);1female,Jul.23,1971,IsaganaCave(No.65);2femalesandlmale,Oct.22,1972,

HyandaguCave(No.95);1female,Oct.26,1972,DaiichiFukubuku-iijaaCave(No.

77);2females,Oct.28,1972,Inoda-iijaaCave(No.72);1female,Oct.29,1972,Zuruku- abooCave(No.86);1femaleandlmale,Oct.24,1972,00torrii-doCave(No.90).

Thisspiderlivesintheforestorneartheentranceofthecaves.Scotophilousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,Amamiooshima,Tsushima,Kyushu,Shikoku,

HonshuandFormosa.

He∫e7ρPo4α ツeπα'oγfα(LINNE,1758)

Specimenexamined:1female,Oct.11,1970,FutenmaguCave(No.48).One ofthecommonspeciesinthetropicsorsubtropics,andisoftenfoundinhumandwellings orintheforest.Scotophilousspider. CaveSpiderFaunaoftheRyukyuArchipelago 361

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands, Ogasawara,Kyushu,Shikoku, Honshu,Formosa,KoreaandChina.

FamilyCtenidae

Aπ α配 如 プ 召π π αKARSCH,1879

Specimensexamined:1female,Aug.3,1970,Agari-isagamaCave(No.51);

2females,Aug.25,1970,Nisshu-doCave(No.34);1female,Sep.8,1970;1female,

Feb.19,1972,Taabaru-gamaCave(No.49);1female,Oct.11,1970(Y.ARAKAKI),

FutenmaguCave(No.48);1female,Feb.8,1971,Kaabuya-gamaCave(No.50);1 female,Jul.23,1971,Higashi-narikawaCave(No.64);1female,Aug.30,1971,Miiga

Cave(No.31);1female,Aug.30,1971,Shirohara-doCave(No.33);1female,Sep.9,

1972,Nobaru-gamaCave(No.28);1female,Jul.31,1972,Nanatii-gamaCave(No.1).

Thisspideriswidel3TdistributedintheRyukyuIslands,whichisoftenfoundin shadygrassfieldsorintheforestlitters.Accidentaltrogloxenousspider.

Distribution:RyukyuIslands,TokaraIslands,Kyushu,Shikoku,且onshu,

Hokkaido,Formosa,KoreaandChina.

FamilyGnaphosidae

DYassodesoculinotatusBOSENBERGetSTRANDS1906

Specimenexamined:1female,Oct.11,1970,FutenmaguCave(No.48). Thisspiderinhabitsunderstonesorfallenleavesintheforest.Accidental trogloxenousspider. Distribution:Okinawajima,Kyushu,HonshuandKorea.

Remar:ks

Asmentionedabove,asurveyofthecavespiderfaunaintheRyukyuArchipelago wascarriedoutbytheauthor.Astheresultsobtained,42speciesof36genera,belong- ingto23familieswererecognizedfromtheIimestonecavesintheRyukyuChain.By thedegreeofadaptationtothesubterraneanenvironments,thesespidersarediscrimi- natedinthefollowinggroups,aslistedbelow:

Troglobionticspecies,.._Liveincavesonly,mostadaptivetothesubterranean

enVlrOnmentS.

孤6z∫ 〃 〃zσ ん 勿8ψ σψ ゴ∫,」配zん ゴ勿!o%6!σo々 勿 σzσα6%∫ ゴ∫and砂606〃 σ 劾 勿76σ/o.

Troglophilousspecies._..Usuallylivesincavesbutseldominthedarkmoistplaces

orintheforestdebris. 362 M.SHIMOJANA

Tetyablemmashimojanai,NesticusmogeraandConocu/uslyugadinus.

Scotophilousspecies...... Usuallylivesindarkplacesbutsometimesfoundin

caves.

ノZψ/Ol1〃6!諺 々ゴ〃Z〃7012し忽 σ〃0踊6!診 乃0ゐ/4」 乙Ol/0〃6ん 〃 ∫ω 勿 乃06ろ ～7〃Z〃Zゴ漉4ノ ンσ801〃012

αo∂ 〃 〃5 四〇1〃〃%∫,σ.86〃6〃 あ 劾 ∫,み6乃%0∠ 勿76勿 ∫%Olノ 〃∠0〃Zゴゴ,3リ ノ!0/6∫ 踊 〃016露Ol,

5〃z〃 勿8勿 〃∫ ノ)0〃診4〃5♪Ooん050〃zOl∂ 命 〃ゾ〃〃z,7乃6〃4ゴo〃 ∠ψ ゴ廊 〃07勿 吻,07魏o∂ 〃砺

〃 〃6卿7σandZZ6/67勿o廊 力 π ψ σ/σ.

Tro910xenousspecies...... Usuallyfoundinoutsideofcavesbutrarelymetwith

の 1ncaves.

」乙勿 狸 乃勿06諾64ゴ60!σ,00%6ψ 劣 魏 σ ∂0%04601,0.ノ6∬ 〃0%∫,ノ470%6勿 ∫ 四6κ〃 虎05π ∫,

ノ4/8ゴ 勿6σ6吻 〃劾 ノ6ン6ん ン50101786雇6001〃}Ol,0.勿5〃 勉 κσ,0.〃Z〃 勿6勿6π ∫廊 ♪ の ノガ勿 〃0701

〃ZO/〃666%∫ 廊,(7013!〃0τ σ〃 んZ〃Zσ 〃Z〃ZO5σ,忽6∠ σ ノ6〆ゴ`勿ル ゴ46∫,漏 ψ 〃!滋 〃Zσ6〃 ゐZ!σ,2V.

〃b勿Ol∠o,」 乙6勿601〃88〃 諺%4σ,.Z)oん 〃2646∫ ノψ!〃,・ ρ 〃6%6!〃3 .々 ∫6ゴ8〃Olノ ■ク60∫o:ρ ∫6〃ノo一

σ〃%〃 劾!Ol,Pん κψZ6∫ .100ワ 々〃〃 乙ZZOI∫01〃 〃∫ σ吻 〃∫0%4功 ノ〃ZO/0τ 乃 〃6ノ ψ0〃 虎Ol,∬6!〃0一

ρ04σz/6〃 認o〃 σ,!4/zσ 乃 〃 σ ノ物z〃zαand。Z)7α ∬04650`〃 〃 フzo∠認z45.

Asremarkedabove,thetroglobionticspidersintheRyukyuArchipelagoarefew,

andmostofcavespidersfoundintheislandsarescotophilousortrogloxenousspecies.

ButsofarasconcernedwiththeindividualsbelongingtoNesticidspidersobtainedfrom

thellmestonecavesintheMiyakoIslands,theyhaveatro910bionticfeatures.In

thefemalesofgenusハ ろ6∫/劾3,theeyesarecompletelydegenerated.

Fivespecieshaveprovedtobenewtoscienceamongthespidersobtained・One

speciesofthem,is∬6辮 〃 伽 駕 σsp.(Fam.Tetrablemmidae)andwhichisaremarkable

speciesfrombothataxonomicalandazoogeographicalview-points.Theotherfour

speciesbelongingtogenus」 砿6ρσα〃 診〃z〃zαarehithertoknownfromEastAfrica,West

AfricaandwesternSamoa.■ セ 〃 σ魏 吻 吻 σ3〃 吻 勿 勿σゴ(Fam.Tetrablemmidae)spreads

fromtheYaeyamatoTokaraIslands,soitsdistributionisdistinctlycontinuousover

thechainofislands.BothgenerabelongtothefamilyTetrablemmidae,whichare

distributedinthetropicalandsubtropicalregionsoftheworld.

Asmentionedabove,7セ 〃 σん セ吻 吻 σ ∫〃 吻 げ 伽 認hasawiderrangeofdistribution

thanthatofIZ6κ α∂ん 〃z〃zo⑫.TherepresentativespeciesofLeptonetidspiderinthe

RyukyuIslandsare忽 α3ゴ7σ 初10%8ψ σψ ゴ∫and」 砺 ん ゴ1ψ!o%6∠ σo々 勿 σω σ6〃 ∫2奪・The

formerisspreadoverIshigakijima,Okinawajima,Miyagijima,Iejima,Kourijima,

Hamahigajima,Ikeijima,TonakijimaandKumejima.Thepopulationof〃'.

ん 〃8ψ σ勿 逢inOkinawajimaismuchadaptedtothesubterraneanenvironments.

Themalepalpof忽 σ∫〃 σ〃α ん%8勿 σク ゑ∫isthelongesthithertoknownintheLeptonetid

spidersinJapan.

Theeyesandbody-colorofthisspeciesismoreorlessdegenerated.InsomeofOki一 Cave Spider Fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago 363 nawa jima's population, the eyes are completely degenerated. On the other hand, the eyes and body-color of the population in Ishigaki jima are not similar to the species found in Okinawa jima. The distribution of Falcileptoneta okinawaensis is limited in Okinawa jima. This species has been found in the limestone caves only. Consider- ing some features of this species, it does not seem to be adapted to the subterranean environments as compared with Masiyana longipalpis. In the Amami Islands, the endemic species of cave spider has not been described up to now. But the present author has collected three different species belonging to family Leptonetidae from Yoron jima, Okierabu jima and Tokuno shima, which are probably new to science. The male palp of each spider is shown in Fig. 4. Speoceya lauyeata one of the troglobiontic spiders, is widely distributed in the Ryukyu Archipelago. I should study further on the morphological variation of this species obtained from each island. Conoculus lyugadiuns one of the troglophilous spiders, is widely distributed in the Ryukyus and Japanese Islands, but the local differ- entiation of it has not been observed. This species has not been found in Miyako Islands and Daito Islands. The Ryukyu Archipelago is very poor in the Leptonetid spiders as compared with the Japanese Islands. At present, the representative species of the cave dwelling spiders in the Ryukyu Archipelago are Masiyana longipalpis, Falcileptoneta okinawa- ensis, Speoceya laureata and Tetrablemma shimojanai. Among of them, Speoceya lauyeata and Tetyablemma shimojanai are widely dis- tributed in the Ryukyu Chain, but they have not been found in the Miyako Islands. As mentioned above, the cave spider fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago is much different from the Japanese Islands. The author has collected several different species from the limestone caves in the Ryukyu Chain, but has not been able to determine these spiders up to now. Many difficult problems on the cave spiders obtained from the Ryukyus remained. I wish to resolve these problems in future, especially both on the differentiations and zoogeographical distribution of each species.

Summary

1. In this paper are briefly described on the spiders obtained from the limestone caves in the Ryukyu Archipelago. 2. Fourty two species of thirty six genera belonging to twenty three families have been found in the limestone caves (excluding indetermined species). Among them, only three species are troglobiontic spider. 3. The representative spiders of the limestone caves in the Ryukyu Archipelago are 364 M. SHIMOJANA

Masirana longipalpis, Falcileplonela okinawaensis, Speocera laureata and Tetya- blemma shimojanai. 4. Masirana longipalpis is most adapted to the subterranean environments among troglobiontic spiders. 5. Speocera laureata and Tetrablemma shimojanai are the most widely spread spiders in the limestone caves in the Ryukyu Chain. 6. Okinawa jima has more abundant cave spider fauna than the other islands. 7. The cave spider fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago is much different from the Japanese Islands.

摘 要

下 謝 名 松 栄(沖 縄 県 立 普 天 間 高 等 学 校,〒901-22沖 縄 県 宜 野 湾 市 字 普 天 間585):琉 球 弧 に お け る 石

灰 洞 産 ク モ 相 予 報. 1.本 稿 は 琉 球 弧 に お け る 石 灰 洞 の ク モ 相 の 概 要 に つ い て 述 べ た も の で あ る.

2.調 査 した 石 灰 洞 か ら23科36属42種 が 得 られ た が,そ の 中 で 真 洞 窟 種 は わ ず か の3種 で あ る.

3.琉 球 弧 の 石 灰 洞 を 表 徴 す る種 類 は,ウ デ ナ ガ ヒ ナ マ シ ラ グ モ 〃1σ∫勿 初10㎎ 勿 勿 ∫,オ キ ナ ワ マ

シ ラ グ モ ・翫 痂 砂!0〃6跡0葱 πσωσ6η∫ゴ∫,カ ン ム リ グ モ の60667α1砺7躍 如 と ジ ャバ ラ グ モ7初 〆σ∂16吻〃Zσ

3〃 〃吻oη 認 の4種 で あ る . 4 真 洞窟 種 の 中 で は,ウ デ ナ ガ ヒナ マ シ ラグモ が 最 も洞窟 環 境 に適 応 して い る.

Dr コ カ ンム リグモ と ジ ャバ ラグ モ は最 も広 い分 布 を なす 洞 窟 種 で あ る.

0ρ ロ 琉 球 弧 の 中 で は,沖 縄 島 が 最 も洞 窟 産 ク モ相 に富 ん で い る. 7 σ 琉 球弧 に おけ る洞窟 産 の クモ 相 は,日 本 列 島 の 洞窟 産 の クモ 相 と は大 変 異 な って い る.

References

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SHIMOJANA,M. 1973. Results of the speleological survey in Yaeyama Islands. Okinawa Assoc. Biol. Educ., (6) 1-26. (in Japanese). YAGINUMA,T. 1963. Spiders from limestone caves of Akiyoshi Plateau. Bull. Akiyoshi-Dai Sci. Mus., (2) : 49-62. (in Japanese with English summary). - -- 1962. Cave spiders in Japan. Bull. Osaka Mus. Nat. [list., (15) : 65-77. (in Japanese with English summary). 1970. The spider fauna of Japan (revised in 1970). Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 13: 639-701. (in Japanese with English summary). 1970. The fauna of the insular lava caves in West Japan. IV. Araneae (part 1). Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 13: 623-629. - - 1970. Two new species of small, nesticid spiders of Japan. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 13: 385-394. - -- 1971 . Cave spiders of Japan. Atypus, (57) Appendix: l-6. (in Japanese). --- 1972. Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 15: 619-622. - ----1960 . Spider of Japan in Colour. Osaka. pp. i-Viii+1-197, pls. 1-56. (in Japanese).