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WQRJC This Page Is Intentionally Blank WQRJC This page is intentionally blank WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA SCOPE OF THE JOURNAL The Water Quality Research Journal of Canada publishes peer-reviewed, scholarly articles on the following general subject areas: • Impact of contaminants on aquatic ecosystems • Contributions of pollutants from the gas and solid phases to aquatic systems • Drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater treatment technologies and strategies • Exotic species, biodiversity, and aquatic species at risk • Groundwater remediation • Assessment of surface and subsurface water quality • Regulations, strategies, and policies related to water pollution • Conservation and protection of aquatic environments • Social science issues in relation to water quality • Review articles on all aspects of water quality and pollution control. The Water Quality Research Journal of Canada is a quarterly publication. It is meant to be a forum for original research dealing with the aquatic environment. Articles from outside of Canada are welcome provided that they are of interest to the Canadian water quality research community (e.g., they provide a new method of analysis that can be applied in the Canadian context, or the data would be of general interest to the research community). SUBSCRIPTION, MEMBERSHIP & MAILING INFORMATION The 2009 annual subscription rate for the Water Quality Research Journal of Canada is C$265 in Canada, the U.S.A. and Mexico, and C$315 elsewhere. An individual membership in the Canadian Association on Water Quality (CAWQ), the sponsoring organization, is C$125 in 2009 and includes an annual electronic subscription to the Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. Membership can be obtained online at www.cawq.ca, or payment by cheque. Cheques should be made payable to the CAWQ. Please forward your subscription and membership requests to: Janet McAvella Subscription and Membership Offi ce Canadian Association on Water Quality P.O. Box 5050 Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 Canada E-mail: [email protected] WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA Volume 43, No. 4, 2008 Identifi cation of Sphingomonads on the Basis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifi ed 16S rRNA 249–256 Gene S. Tokajian, M. Farah, and F. Hashwa Relative Body Size Infl uences Breeding Propensity in Fathead Minnows: Implications for 257–264 Ecotoxicology Testing Procedure M.S. Pollock, S. E. Fisher, A.J. Squires, R. J. Pollock, D.P. Chivers, and M.G. Dubé Distribution of 14C-labelled Atrazine, Methoxychlor, Glyphosate, and Bisphenol-A in Goldfi sh 265–274 Studied by Whole-Body Autoradiography (WBARG) C. Rouleau and J. Kohli Exposure to Model-Scale Sewage Treatment Plant Effl uent Affects Circulating Sex Steroids in 275–282 Rainbow Trout J.L. Parrott, M.E. McMaster, S. Verma, and D. Trowbridge Swimming in Sewage: Indicators of Faecal Waste on Fish in the Saint John Harbour, New 283–290 Brunswick H.A. Loomer, K.A. Kidd, T. Vickers, and A. McAslan Concentrations of Endotoxins in Waters Around the Island of Montreal, and Treatment Options 291–303 R. Gehr, S. Parent Uribe, I.F. Da Silva Baptista, and B. Mazer Infl uence of Polymer Selection on Nutrient Phase Separation for Waste Activated Sludge Thickening 305–312 at Bench Scale A.J. MacDonald and O.D. Basu Filtration du bleu de méthylène, du chrome hexavalent et de l’acide éthylène diamine tétracétique 313–320 sur une membrane céramique d’ultrafi ltration à base de ZnAl2O4-TiO2 E.G. Chahid, H. Loukili, S. Tahiri, S.A. Younssi, A. Majouli, et A. Albizane (Filtration of Methylene Blue, Hexavalent Chromium, and Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid through an Ultra-Filtration Ceramic ZnAl2O4-TiO2-based Membrane) Philip H. Jones Award: 24th Eastern Canadian Symposium on Water Quality Research v 44th Central Canadian Symposium on Water Quality Research Volume 43 Referees vi–vii Volume 43 Key Word Index viii–ix Volume 43 Author Index x i WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA EDITOR R. Gehr (McGill University) EDITORIAL BOARD – ASSOCIATE EDITORS S.A. Andrews (University of Toronto) F. Archibald (Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada) J.-F. Blais (Institut national de la recherche scientifi que) P.-Y. Caux (Environment Canada) S.C. Courtenay (Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Canadian Rivers Institute/University of New Brunswick) M. Giddings (Health Canada) J. Marsalek (Environment Canada) B. Rabinowitz (CH2M HILL Canada Limited) A. St-Hilaire (INRS-ETE, Université du Québec) E. van Bochove (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) P. Vanrolleghem (Université Laval) T. Viraraghavan (University of Regina) H. Zhou (University of Guelph) MANAGING EDITOR Janet Jardine Environment Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050 Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 Telephone: (905) 336-4513. Fax: (905) 336-4420 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Zakiah Taha (Environment Canada) PAGE LAYOUT Lucas Neilson (Graphic Arts Unit, Environment Canada) The Water Quality Research Journal of Canada (www.wqrjc.ca) receives support from Environment Canada’s National Water Research Institute (www.nwri.ca). ii CANADIAN ASSOCIATION ON WATER QUALITY ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE SUR LA QUALITÉ DE L’EAU EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President IWA WWC 2010 President J.P. Jones, Département de génie chimique, Université de R.L. Droste, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Québec Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario SUBSCRIPTION AND MEMBERSHIP OFFICE Vice Presidents J.A. Nicell, Department of Civil Engineering and Applied J. McAvella, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Mechanics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec Ontario (Eastern) C. Marvin, National Water Research Institute, CORPORATE MEMBERS 2008 Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario (Central) E.R. Hall, Department of Civil Engineering, University Agilent Technologies of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A. (Western) AMEC Earth & Environmental Inc. Secretary Thorold, Ontario R.D. Tyagi, INRS-Eau, Université du Québec, Sainte-Foy, Québec Anachemia Science Mississauga, Ontario Treasurer C. Allain, Greater Moncton Sewerage Commission, Avensys Inc. Riverview, New Brunswick Mississauga, Ontario DIRECTORS Can-Am Instrumental Ltd. Oakville, Ontario Eastern Region G. Gagnon, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie Campbell Scientifi c Canada Corp. University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Edmonton, Alberta P.A. Vanrolleghem, Département Génie Civil Pavillon Pouliot, Université Laval, Québec City of Mississauga Mississauga, Ontario Central Region G. Krantzberg, Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster City of Hamilton, Public Health University, Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Western Region Dr. Jarmo Sallanko J.A. Oleszkiewicz, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Oulu University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Oulu, Finland C. Tiedemann, EPCOR Water Services Inc. Edmonton, Alberta EPCOR Calgary, Alberta PAST PRESIDENT Hoskin Scientifi c Ltd. Y. Comeau, Département des génies civil, géologique et des Burlington, Ontario mines, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec Region of Peel Brampton, Ontario Regional Municipality of Niagara Thorold, Ontario Regional Municipality of York Newmarket, Ontario IWA GOVERNING BOARD MEMBER R.L. Droste, President, CAWQ iii iv Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2008 · Volume 43, No. 4, 249-256 Copyright © 2008, CAWQ Identifi cation of Sphingomonads on the Basis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifi ed 16S rRNA Gene Sima Tokajian,* Maya Farah, and Fuad Hashwa Department of Biology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon Sphingomonas is a genus that is basically of environmental origin but can also be associated with health hazards, especially in the hospital environment where there is a great need to properly monitor water sources. The abundance and frequent isolation of derivatives of yellow pigmented colonies from drinking water samples in Lebanon—where an intermittent mode of supply is employed, and which induces frequent biofi lm sloughing—necessitated the establishment of a rapid and feasible assay to screen specifi cally for sphingomonads. In this study, 50 isolates recovered from drinking water with yellow- to orange-pigmented colonies were used to establish a polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR-based) screening assay. The use of sphingomonad specifi c modifi ed primers gave one common band with a size of 320 bp in all presumptive and sequence confi rmed sphingomonads. However, no amplifi cation was observed with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applying the PCR-based assay described in this paper increased both the effi ciency and the reliability of screening for sphingomonads in water samples, thereby minimizing related risk factors. Key words: drinking water, sphingomonads, PCR, yellow colonies, biofi lm, intermittent supply Introduction are known to induce corrosion in copper pipes (Arens et al. 1995; White et al. 1996; Busse et al. 1999). Most Sphingomonads are Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, sphingomonads are environmental microorganisms, but nonsporeforming, straight rods, strictly aerobic, and some strains have also been associated with nosocomial characterized by an outer membrane that contains infections. Most of these nosocomial infections originate glycosphingolipids as cell envelope components, from contaminated medical devices (indwelling but lacks lipopolysaccharide (Yabuuchi et al. 1990; catheters, bronchofi beroscopes, and ventilators), White et al. 1996). Colonies are yellow-pigmented or solutions, and water (ultraviolet light irradiated water whitish
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