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Home , Abd al Kuri, Aelius Gallus, Aethiopia, Aromata, Azania, Baraqish

Map 4 Arabia- Compiled by D.T. Potts, 1996

Introduction

Despite the relative inaccessibility of southern Arabia to all but the most intrepid travelers in the pre-modern era, its historical has been studied intensively for over a century. Two of German scholarship have dominated this field, A. Sprenger in the nineteenth century, and H. von Wissmann in the twentieth. To be sure, other scholars have made significant contributions, but these two stand alone with respect to the intensity of their investigations into the southern Arabian toponyms preserved in the works of Strabo, Pliny and . Because of unsettled political conditions, travel in has often been dangerous, and more than one nineteenth-century explorer lost his life there. The hostility of the area has meant that the modern toponymy of southern Arabia has been only imperfectly known. Even so, through various sources such as Admiralty charts and E. Glaser’s unpublished notebooks, Sprenger and von Wissmann were able to posit numerous identifications without necessarily being able to verify them on the ground. In many cases it has been difficult to decide whether to accept such identifications or not, but I have attempted to separate the more tenuous proposals from those for which there seems to be sound justification. It should be understood that many of the probable locations marked have not been verified epigraphically. In recent years, however, several scholars, including von Wissmann (1968; 1976; 1977), Beeston (1979; 1995), al-Sheiba (1987), Robin (1995) and Sa'id (1995), have identified many southern Arabian toponyms mentioned in classical sources with those known in the thousands of southern Arabian inscriptions discovered in Yemen. Robin (1997) arrived too late to take into account for the present map, but it is an important resource for anyone interested in the Semitic names of South Arabian towns mentioned in epigraphic sources. Even so, few further identifications with Greek and Latin toponyms or ethnonyms can be offered. Eventually, progress in this field may be expected to determine the identification of many more of the toponyms listed here as unlocated. In southern Arabia, it is notoriously difficult to establish the periods in which a given toponym was known to the Greek and Roman world. Most first-hand knowledge of the was undoubtedly acquired during the Roman era, but von Wissmann has interpreted certain collections of toponyms in Roman sources as reflecting much earlier conditions. Thus the names mentioned in Pliny (NH 6.154-60; 12.52-54) are taken to reflect the Sabaean state in the late fifth century B.C. (von Wissmann 1977, Abb. 5), while other names–because of identifications with toponyms attested in southern Arabian inscriptions–are considered to reflect conditions in the kingdom of Qataban between the fourth and second centuries B.C. (von Wissmann 1976, Abb. 17). These proposals are reflected in the periodization of the toponyms, with question marks added for caution. A similar difficulty arises with toponyms excerpted by Stephanus of Byzantium from the first-century B.C. (?) Arabika of Ouranios (RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1316); these were not necessarily still current in Late Antiquity. Within the scope of the present work, however, it has not been possible to investigate in detail the history of each such toponym. Finally, the collection of toponyms preserved by GeogRav (Schnetz 1920; 1951) has been taken into account, since it represents the last of the Late Antique sources for southern Arabia. In the case of the east African toponyms mentioned by PME, Ptolemy and , the investigation of modern toponymy with a view to positing locations has been less intense than in the case of southern Arabia (but note Chitick 1976). The lower and the Horn of have been the scene of bitter military struggles recently, in and especially, so that knowledge of their archaeology and ancient toponymy have perforce suffered because of their inaccessibility. Most investigation has been “armchair” research, with experts on PME such as Schoff (1912), Huntingford (1980), Casson (1989) and Groom (1995) proposing identifications on the basis of distances and the suitability of various harbors and inlets as shown on modern maps. Almost inevitably, these scholars have little, if any, first-hand experience of the coasts in question; this is all the 44 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA more unfortunate in view of the notable discrepancies between distances in PME and suitable sites for toponyms mentioned there.

Directory Note: For commentary on PME references, see Casson 1989.

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Abasenoi L Hubayš YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1278 C3 Abisama R Ras Sanbah? YEM von Wissmann 1968, 92 §Ambisama §Ebisma D2 Abyssa R Khor Rori? OMN Groom 1995, 185 § Abissagi B3 Achoma L Ahkum YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1278 B3 Achomai RL Hakam (Tihama) YEM Sprenger 1875.45 § Achomeni C2 Actaei R al-Qatn YEM von Wissmann 1976, 468 §Acthei B3 Adana L 'Udayn? YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1278 C3 Adane/ R YEM von Wissmann 1976, 358 Athenae/ Eudaimon Arabia B3 Adedou Kome R Hudayda YEM Sprenger 1875.44 A2 Adouli R Azouli? between and PME 4; Anfray 1974, 749-53; Casson 1981 § Adule Afta ERT A2 Adoulitikos Kolpos R gulf of Zula (Annesley Ptol. 1.15.11; Casson 1989, 102-103 Bay) C2 Adramiton Chora C?HR Hadramaut YEM Ptol. 6.7.10; von Wissmann 1957, 307 §Adramyta § Atramitis § Astramitis A3 ETH KlPauly Aithiopia D3 Agathokleous Ins. R and 'Abd al-Kuri Sprenger 1875.116; RE YEM C3 Agraei R inhabitants of Hagr YEM von Wissmann 1976, 468-70 § Harrei B3 Ailou Kome R Ghalafiqa? YEM RE Αἴλου Κώµη A4 Aithiopika M. R ETH RE Αἰθιοπικὰ ὄρη B3 Akila/ RL Khor Ghurayrah (Shaykh Robin 1995, 225 Okelis Sa'id)? YEM § Ocilia B2 Akme R Jizan / Gizan SAU von Wissmann 1957, 298 §Ambe B2 Alalaiou Inss. R Dahalak, opposite von Wissmann 1976, 463; Casson 1989, 108 § Aliaeu Inss. Massawa ERT B3 Amaitaei R Ma'dhin YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1330 B3 Ammoni R at Little Aden YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1323 B3 Ammoniou Pr. R Little Aden YEM von Wissmann 1957, 305 B2 Amnestum RHizmatAbuThaur,inal-Sheiba 1987, 55 §Nestum upper Jawf YEM B2 Anagrana/ R Nagran / SAU von Wissmann 1976, 465 Negram §Negrana MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 45

B3 Anchitai RL 'Akk, in Tihama between Beeston 1995, 238 § Akchenoi Wadis Saham and Maur, N , between al-Luhayya to Hodeida YEM B2 Apitami HR? around Qunfudha SAU Sprenger 1875.52 C2 Arabia See Map 3 A1/E2 Arabicus Sinus/ large section of the Indian Sidebotham 1986, 182-86 Erythr(ae)um/ Ocean, including the Rubrum Mare and Red § Indike Sea B2 Ararene R al-''ir, near Jizan SAU von Wissmann 1976, 466 C2 Are R 'Urr Mayhan, in region of Ryckmans 1957, 92-93 Hasi YEM D3 Emporion R SOM PME 12; Ptol. 4.7.3 AromataPr.=Notou Keras B3 Arsinoe R ETH Desanges 1994, 176-81 E2 Asichon Pr. R Ras Hasik OMN von Wissmann 1977, 10-12 E2 Askitai R near Ras Hasik OMN von Wissmann 1977, 7 A3 Astapous fl. R Blue ETH Desanges 1988, 138-39 Athenae = Adane B2 Athroula/ R YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 60 Laththa § Athlula §Athrida D2 Ausara R al-Ghayda? YEM von Wissmann 1977, 13 C3 Ausaritis R Wusr, in E Qataban YEM von Wissmann 1976, 469 A3 A(u)xoume RL Aksum? ETH PME 4; Ptol. 4.7.8; NPauly Axum, Axomis B3 Aualites R Assab DJI PME 7; Sprenger 1875.329 C3 Aualites Sinus R Ptol. 4.7.3, 11 Axoume = A(u)xoume B5 Azania R between and Casson 1989, 136 B5 Azanium Mare/ R , E Somalia Pliny, NH 6.153; Ptol. 4.7.1 Barbarikon Pelagos

B3 Bachylitae R Bakil YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1330 § Datilum B2 Badeo R Madaya? 15 miles S Jizan Ryckmans 1957, 94 §Badis SAU B2 Baitios R Wadi Bayd? Wadi Baysh? RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1305 § Baitheo SAU Barbarikon Pelagos = Azanium Mare D2 Bosara R Biyasara? medieval von Wissmann 1977, 14 inhabitants of Raisut according to al-Hamdani OMN A7 Bracheia/ E Pemba and KlPauly Prasodes thalassa Prasodes Thalassa

B2 Calingi R Khaulan in 'Asir SAU RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, cols. 1285, 1287 § Chalingii B2 Camarum Ins. RL YEM Pliny, NH 6.151; Schnetz 1920, 396 B2 Caminacum R Kamna in Jawf YEM von Wissmann 1976, 405 § Camiaeum § Chamimaum B2 Canauna H Wadi Qanauna SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 C3 Canon C?R Qarnawu? YEM von Wissmann 1977, 37-38 B2 Cardava C?R Kharid? YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1286; von § Cardaba Wissmann 1977, 37 46 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

C2 Cariati R Qaryat al-Fau SAU von Wissmann 1976, 460 § Cariati (T)achoali § Cariat(h) Tacitoali § Chinati Thacalin §Cyrmica § Cyrituca C3 Caripeta RL Hinu az-Zirayr YEM Schnetz 1920, 391-92; von §Cosaba Wissmann 1976, 471-72 Carmei = C(h)armei B2 Casani H Jizan SAU von Wissmann 1957, 300 § Gasani § Kassanitai C3 Cerbani RL inhabitants of Qataban Schnetz 1920, 401; RE Suppl. 11 § Caeubani YEM Uranios, col. 1281 § Catapani § Cebb(r)anitae § Gabonita § Gataphani § Gebbanitae § Kattabenoi § Kit(h)ibanitai § Kot(t)abanoi § Tabam B1 Chardaleon R area around al-Lith SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 § Cardaleon § Cardalena B2 C(h)armei R inhabitants of in RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1287 Ghayl oasis YEM B2 Chelonitis Ins. HR Zubayr YEM von Wissmann 1976, 463 B2 Coralis? fl. C?RL Khor al-Wahla SAU Schnetz 1920, 392; von § Corolia fl. Wissmann 1957, 300 (n. 42b), 308 (n. 67) §Peribafl.

B2 Dacharenoi R inhabitants of Zahran, 31 RE Suppl. 11 Zeeritai, col. 1350 miles W Nagran SAU B2 Debai R N Wadi Bayd SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1310 § Dedebae §Obie B3 Deire R near Ras Siyan DJI Casson 1989, 116; Desanges 1994, 176-81 § Berenice Epidires Pliny, NH 6.170 C3 Dela R m-Dakhla / m-Dakhayla von Wissmann 1968, 92 YEM B2 Devade Inss. R Farasan YEM von Wissmann 1957, 300 D3 Diosko(u)rides Ins. R YEM PME 30; Sprenger 1875.113-14; Naumkin 1993

D3 Elephas Pr. R Ras Filuch / el-Fil SOM Casson 1989, 127 B3 Elisaroi R on Red Sea coast near RE Elisares Mouza and Okelis YEM Erythr(ae)um Mare = Arabicus Sinus B2 Ethraui R Banu Thaur SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1333 § (et) *Thauri Eudaimon Arabia = Adane B2 Exusta/ R Jabal Tayr YEM Desanges 1978, 157 (n. 39) Katakekaumene Inss.

B3 Gedranitae? R near Khadar YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1329

D3 Hippalon Pelagos R Ptol. 4.7.12 B3 Homeritai RL inhabitants of Himyar RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, cols. 1329, 1335 §Amiroei YEM §Hamiroei § Omerita MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 47

D4 Indicum Mare Sidebotham 1986, 182-86 C2 Ioula R Khuwayla? YEM Sprenger 1875.258; von Wissmann 1968, 52 (n. 122)

C3 Kane R Bir 'Ali YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 48 B2 Karbai H on coast, S Jizan SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1311 § Carphati B2 Karna C?R Ma'in YEM von Wissmann 1977, 37-38 §Carnus § Karnana Katakekaumene Inss. = Exusta Inss. B3 Kebranitai L near Gublan YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1320 B1 Kinaidokolpitai H?R Yanbu' to W Baysh SAU Ptol. 6.7.23; RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1305 C3 Kinnamomophoros Chora R NE Somali coast SOM Casson 1989, 122-24 D3 Kokkonatou Inss. R Sabuniyah, and Sprenger 1875.115 YEM A3 Koloe HR Qohayto? Matara? ERT PME 4; Munro-Hay 1991, 47

B2 Labaetia R Labbah YEM von Wissmann 1976, 405 § Labecia §Labraum C3 Lathinat RL Dathina YEM Schnetz 1920, 395 Laththa = Athroula B3 Laupas R Muha? YEM RE; von Wissmann 1976, 464 § Boulikas L Procop., Bell. 1.19.21 C3 Lexianae R inhabitants of Lajiya von Wissmann 1976, 469 YEM D2 Libanophoros Chora R area inland from Sachalitis Beeston 1981, 357 § Libanotophoros Chora OMN B2 Lysanitae R from Mawza to Zabid RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1323 § Lusor L YEM GeogRav 2.6

C3 Maipha R Naqab al-Hajar YEM Sprenger 1875.103; Ryckmans 1957, 95-96 § Mephra § Maithath B2 Malangitai R Madhhig SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1307 C3 R Berbera SOM PME 8 B2 Malichou Inss. R Zubayr YEM Sprenger 1875.75 B2 Mamaeum Litus HR around Qunfudha SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 § Mamali B3 Maphoritae RL Ma'afir, S Ta'izz YEM Sprenger 1875.445; Schnetz 1920, 387 §Olafi §Sata C2 Mari(a)ba C?HR YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1287; RE §(A)Mara Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1307 § Baraba § Barmalacum § Marasdu § Mareliabata § Palmalac(h)um § Saba(s) C3 Marimatha R Maryama YEM von Wissmann 1968, 117 C1 Maritha M. R Tuwayq escarpment SAU Ptol. 6.7.20, 23; RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1287 B2 Marma C?R Ma'mala? SAU von Wissmann 1977, 37 §Merme B3 Meda R al-Mati'? YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1313 C3 Melan M. R W Ahwar YEM RE C3 Mesala R al-'Asala / am-'Asala von Wissmann 1976, 341 (n. 66) § Mesalum YEM 48 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

C2 Minaei HR inhabitants of Ma’in RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1283 §Minaioi YEM §Minoes C3 Mosylon Emporion R Bandar Cassim or PME 10; Ptol. 4.7.10 Candala, near Ras Antarah SOM C3 Mosylon? Pr. R Ras Antarah SOM Ptol. 4.7.10 C3 Moundou R ? SOM Desanges 1993, 16-17 § Mondou B3 Mouza Emporion H?R Wahija at the mouth of Sa'id 1995, 272 Wadi Mauza', about 20 miles W Mauza'? YEM

B2 Nagara R Nagran SAU al-Sheiba 1987, 56 C2 Nagia R Hagar an-Najiya YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 57 B2 Nascus C?R al-Bayda', in Jawf YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 57 §Aska § Nesca Negram = Anagrana D2 Neogilla R Damkot? OMN Sprenger 1875.126 § Neogeiala B2 Nestus R as-Sawda', in Jawf YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 57 C2 Nossa R Na'd YEM al-Sheiba 1987, 57 § Messa D3 Notou Keras/ R Ras Guardafui SOM PME 12; Desanges 1978, 83-84 Aromata Pr.

B2 Odanda HR 'Utayna, N Hudayda von Wissmann 1976, 463 YEM Okelis = Akila D3 Opone R main or west side Chittick 1979, 276; Smith 1988, 116-18 site (S side of peninsula) SOM A2 Oreine Ins. R Dissei ERT PME 4 C3 Orneon Ins. R Sikha, 6 nautical miles SE PME 27 Kane YEM

B2 Phoda R Fayd? Sarum al-Fayd? RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1327 §Foth SAU §Tota Prasodes Thalassa = Bracheia Thalassa A2 Ptolemais Theron R on the coast between PME 3 18-19 degrees N lat. SUD B6 Pyraloi Inss. R Lamu archipelago: Patta, PME 15; Schoff 1912, 94 Manda, Lamu KEN

B3 Raida R Raydat ar-Rushayd? SE Sprenger 1875.253 Naqab al-Hajar YEM B3 Rhadamaei R near Radman YEM von Wissmann 1976, 462 §Marmei § Narmaei § Rhammanitae A7 Rhapta R Dar es-Salaam TAN Datoo 1970; Kirwan 1986, 102 Rubrum Mare = Arabicus Sinus

B3 Saba H central and E Yemen RE C2 Sabat(h)a C?R YEM RE Sabatha 1 § Sabota § Chabatanon D2 Sachalites Sinus R Qamr bay Beeston 1981, 357 D2 Sachalitis RL region between Ras Fartak Schnetz 1920, 398 § Sacamum and Ras Mirbat OMN MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 49

B3 Sakchenoi R near Sauh in Zabid oasis RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1313 YEM B3 Sammaei R near Sama'i YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1330 B3 Sap(p)har RL Zafar YEM RE Saphar 1 §Tafra § Tapharon § Tarphara B3 Saraka R Sharja? YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1313 C3 Sarouon R as-Sarw? YEM von Wissmann 1968, 91 B3 Save R as-Sawa, SW Ta'izz YEM Sa'id 1995 §Sabe B3 Smyrnophoros Chora HR Strabo 16.4.4, 14 D2 Syagros? Pr. R Ras Fartak YEM Groom 1995, 186 §SygarosPr.

C2 Tamna H Hajar Kuhlan YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1283 § Thomna § Thumna D2 Thialemath R al-Qusay'ir? YEM Sprenger 1875.109 § Thiallela B2 Thomala C?R Thumala? SAU von Wissmann 1977, 37 C2 T(h)onabaei R Dhu Na'b in Hagar / von Wissmann 1976, 468-69 an-Na'b in E Qataban YEM C3 Tretos R al-Mukalla? YEM Sprenger 1875.108 § Tritos A2 Trogodytice R hinterland S Berenice RE Nachträge Trogodytai § Trogloditike ERT / SUD C3 Troullas Ins. R Barraqah YEM PME 27

B1 Za(a)bram R al-Lith SAU RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram §Zadrame B3 Zabida L Zabid YEM RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1278 § Taruda B2 Zamareni? R 'Amran, 38 miles NW RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1331 YEM E2 Zenobiou Inss. R Kuria Muria OMN von Wissmann 1977, 7

Unlocated Toponyms

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Aelamitae R Pliny, NH 6.155 Agame R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.4) Agge R von Wissmann 1977, 13 Agmanisphe/ R Sprenger 1875.93 Atmanisphe/ Atmanisti Agra R von Wissmann 1957, 300 (n. 42a) Aiathuris R RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1323 Aigialos Megas R Casson 1989, 137 Aigialos Mikros R Casson 1989, 137 Aigra/ R Ptol. 6.7.29 Egra Aithiopes Anthropophagoi R Ptol. 4.8.2 Aithiopes Athakai R Ptol. 4.8.2 Aithiopes Ichthyophagoi R Ptol. 4.5.12 Aithiopes Rhapsioi R Ptol. 4.8.2 Ak(k)anai R Casson 1989, 129 Akanthine R Ptol. 4.7.11 Al(a)bana R Sprenger 1875.288 Alilaioi R RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1310 50 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Allumaiotai/ R von Wissmann 1968, 117 Alumeotai Aminea/ RL Schnetz 1920, 387 Aminoei Amithoscatt(h)a/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zangenae, col. 1341 Amithoscutta Amnamethus H Sprenger 1875.382 Amnum H Sprenger 1875.382 Andidalei/ R Sprenger 1875.439 Anti(a)dalei/ Ant(h)iadala Annene/ R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.15) Annine Ant(h)iadala = Andidalei Anti(a)dalei = Andidalei Antibacchias R Pliny, NH 6.173 Antiochou Solen R Ptol. 4.7.2 Antiphilou Limen HR Strabo 16.4.9 R Pliny, NH 6.155 Apokopa Megala R PME 15 Apokopa Mikra R Ptol. 4.7.4 Ar(a)bis R Ptol. 4.7.6 Ar(r)abitai R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.27) Arabanitai R Sprenger 1875.437 Arabanitai/ R Schnetz 1920, 391; RE Suppl. 11 Rabanitai/ Zeeritai, col. 1355 Sabor/ RL Mafa Arabis R Ptol. 4.7.6 Arsi R Sprenger 1875.52 Asaraei R Pliny, NH 6.168 Aspis Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Astarte R Ptol. 4.7.11 Atalmo R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.11) Athagaus R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.6) Atmanisphe = Agmanisphe Atmanisti = Agmanisphe Attiroi R Ptol. 4.7.10 Aua/ R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.5) Aue Autaei R Pliny, NH 6.158 Autoba R Ptol. 4.7.5

Babyllenioi R Ptol. 4.7.10 Bacaschami Riphearina R Pliny, NH 6.158; RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1332 Bacchias R Pliny, NH 6.173 Bainun/ R Sprenger 1875.254 Barnun Bakchos = Bacchias Bana/ R Sprenger 1875.303 Baua Bangenos R Pliny, NH 6.176 Barasasa R Pliny, NH 6.155 Barnun = Bainun Basa H von Wissmann 1957, 308 (n. 67) Bathys Limen R Ptol. 4.7.2 Baua=Bana Bega R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.12) Berenice Panchrysos R Desanges 1978, 295-296 Berethis R Ptol. 4.7.6 Bliulaioi R von Wissmann 1968, 117 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 51

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Boanum = Coria Bomos R Ptol. 4.7.11 Bomos Erotos Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Boon R Ptol. 4.7.5 Borea RL Schnetz 1920, 396 Bosara/ R Sprenger 1875.129 Boseude/ Kosara/ Koseude

Cachin(n)a/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 Chachina/ Capina Caldis RL Schnetz 1920, 394 Candaei R Pliny, NH 6.169 Canthace R RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1331 Capina = Cachin(n)a Carphati/ R Sprenger 1875.52 Karbai Chaalla HR Strabo 16.4.24 Chachina = Cachin(n)a Chaculatae R Pliny, NH 6.155 Chargatha R Sprenger 1875.289; Wissmann 1957, 298 (n. 34) Charmuthas H RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1309 Chelonitides Inss. R Ptol. 4.7.37 Chenneseri/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1330 Chonneseri Clara/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 Clari/ Glari Coboris H Sprenger 1875.382 Codani R Pliny, NH 6.155 Colocasitis R Pliny, NH 6.172 Coria/ RL Schnetz 1920, 394-95 Boanum Cornan RL Schnetz 1920, 398 Cucios R Pliny, NH 6.173 Cytis R Desanges 1978, 249

Daphnine R Ptol. 4.7.11 Daphnous HR Strabo 16.4.14 Daraba/ H RE Darada Darada Darde R Pliny, NH 6.193 Daulotos R Sprenger 1875.382 Dedakai/ R Ptol. 4.7.10 Dida(s)kai Demetros Skopias Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Deua R Sprenger 1875.302 Dida(s)kai = Dedakai Didyma M. R von Wissmann 1977, 13 Diogenous Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Dioskoron Limen R Ptol. 4.7.2 Divitia RL Schnetz 1920, 393 Dolicae/ R von Wissmann 1976, 463 Doricae Domazenes R inhabitants of Mizi Iss. MOZ RE Suppl. 11 Zangenae, col. 1339 Dora H Sprenger 1875.382 Doricae = Dolicae Draga/ R Sprenger 1875.305 Grada 52 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Drimati/ R in Yemen RE Suppl. 11 Zangenae, col. 1340 Drytmati

Egra = Aigra Embolon R Sprenger 1875.106 Endera HR Strabo 16.4.9 M. R Pliny, NH 6.168 Eratonos Inss. R Pliny, NH 6.169 Erchoas R Ptol. 4.7.5 Eristhe R Sprenger 1875.99 Eser R Ptol. 4.7.7 Euangelon Limen R Ptol. 4.7.2 Eumenous Alsos/ HR Strabo 16.4.10, 13 Eumenous Limen Euonymitai R Ptol. 4.7.10

Gabala R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.10) Gangerae = Zangenai Gangorae = Zangenai Gapachoi/ R Desanges 1988, 139, 143-44 Gapaloi Garbato(n) M. R Ptol. 4.7.9-10 Gauron M. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Gaze R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.3) Geapolis R Sprenger 1875.383 Gerbo/ R Ptol. 4.7.6 Terbo Glari = Clara Gomadeon Nesoi R Ptol. 4.7.11 Grada=Draga Gypsitis R Ptol. 4.7.11

Halonesi R Pliny, NH 6.169 Hippalum R Pliny, NH 6.172 Hyaila R Ptol. 6.7.41

Iambe Ins. R Pliny, NH 6.168 Ision M. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Isidis Portus R Pliny, NH 6.174 Isidos ins. R Ptol. 4.7.11

Kaboubathra M. R Sprenger 1875.80 Kadoupoi R Ptol. 4.7.10 Kalaa R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.6) Kamelokomai L RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1284 Karbai = Carphati Kardamine R Sprenger 1875.78 Katadrai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Katathrai inss. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Kentos R von Wissmann 1957, 295 Abb. 2 Klimax M. R Jabal Isbil? YEM RE Suppl. 11 Zeeritai, col. 1356 Koa R Sprenger 1875.313 Kobe R Ptol. 4.7.3 Kol(o)boi R Desanges 1978, 299-300 Kolobon M., Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Koraos HR Strabo 16.4.9 Kosara=Bosara Koseude = Bosara Kreophagoi HR Strabo 16.4.9, 13 Kronou Pr. R Desanges 1978, 292 Kyeneion R SUD PME 4 Kynamolgoi R Burstein 1989, 107-108 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 53

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Labatanis H von Wissmann 1976, 463 Lach(ch)ere R Sprenger 1875.300 Larendani R Sprenger 1875.404 Lasine R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.10) Licha Thera HR Strabo 16.4.14

Machala/ R von Wissmann 1968, 92 Mak(k)ala Mada R Ptol. 6.7.10 Madarra/ R Sprenger 1875.250 Madasara/ Sadasara Madoki R Sprenger 1875.80 Mafa = Arabanitai Magon Ins. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Magusum R town in Yemen von Wissmann 1976, 405 Mak(k)ala = Machala Makaria Ins. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Mandaith R Ptol. 4.7.2 Mandalum R Pliny, NH 6.172 Manteion Artemidos R von Wissmann 1977, 14 Mar(ae)u/ RPliny,NH 6.169 Matreu Maratha RL Schnetz 1920, 390 Mardache R RE Mariua R RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1285 Marsyaba R Beeston 1979, 11 Masonitai R Sprenger 1875.391 Maste R Ptol. 4.7.8 Maste M. R Ptol. 4.7.9 Mastitai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Matreu = Mar(ae)u Meiba R Sprenger 1875.66 Melinos HR Strabo 16.4.9 Memnoneis R Ptol. 4.7.10 Mena(n) Inss. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Menambis R Sprenger 1875.294 Menouthias R Monfiya? Pemba? Zanzibar? Casson 1989, 140 TAN Metine R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.15) Mnemeion Pr. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Molibai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Monodaktylon M. R Ptol. 4.7.2 Morou R Ptol. 4.7.5 MoschaLimen R vonWissmann1977 Myrike/ R Ptol. 4.7.11 Myrsiake Ins. Myronos Ins. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Myrsiake Ins. = Myrike Ins.

Naki(s) R Ptol. 4.7.5 Napegus R near Ras Mutayna RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1316 (map) Negra RL Schnetz 1920, 397 Neiloptolemaiou HR Casson 1989, 128 Nema RL Schnetz 1920, 394 Nikon R Casson 1989, 139 Novacum/ RL Schnetz 1920, 394 Novata

Orbadarou R Ptol. 4.7.6 Ouodona R Sprenger 1875.247 54 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Palindromos Pr. R Sprenger 1875.71 Pano R Casson 1989, 134 Panos Ins. R Ptol. 4.7.11 Pataita R Ptol. 4.7.6 Pechinoi R Ptol. 4.7.10 Pesendarai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Phalangis M. R Ptol. 4.7.4 Phthour(i) R Ptol. 4.7.5 Pistre R Ptol. 4.7.5 Pnoups R Ptol. 4.7.6 Polybiou R Sprenger 1875.42 Pontyris R Ptol. 4.7.6 Prason R Ras Dima opposite the island Datoo 1970, 69 Mafia (Arabic: Manfiya)or Cape Delgado TAN Prionos R Sprenger 1875.105 Prionoton R Sprenger 1875.104 Pseudokelis R Sprenger 1875.69 Psygmos HR Strabo 16.4.14 Ptemithis R Ptol. 4.7.5 Pteros H Sprenger 1875.382 Pudnu R Sprenger 1875.62 Pylai(a) M. R Ptol. 4.7.9 Pythangelos HR Strabo 16.4.14 Pytholaos Pr. R Casson 1989, 122

Rabanitai = Arabanitai Rathinai/ R von Wissmann 1957, 312 (n. 84) Rathinoi Rauso R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.20) Rhapsioi R near Dar es-Salaam TAN RE ‛Ράψιοι Rhapton R Dangani? Rufiji? TAN Casson 1989, 141

Sabast(r)ikon Stoma R Ptol. 4.7.2 Sabatra R von Wissmann 1977, 39; RE Suppl. 11 Uranios, col. 1286 Sabeon Mediana RL Schnetz 1951, 94 Sabeon Minor RL Schnetz 1951, 94 Sabeone Maior RL Schnetz 1951, 94 Sabor = Arabanitai Sachle R Sprenger 1875.97 Sadasara = Madarra Sagi(a)tta/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zamareni, col. 1331 Sagitha Sakatia R RE Suppl. 11 Zabida, col. 1316 (map) Sakol(ch)e R Ptol. 4.7.6 Salate/ R Kammerer 1926, 58 Solate Sambracena/ R von Wissmann 1957, 308 (n. 67) Sambrachate Samene R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.6) Sandake R Ptol. 4.7.6 Sanina R Sprenger 1875.81 Sapaioi R Ptol. 4.7.10 Sappheirine Ins. R Ptol. 4.5.35 Sarapion R Casson 1989, 138 Sargo RL Schnetz 1920, 386 Sariba R Raisut? von Wissmann 1977, 34 Saritai R Sprenger 1875.442 Sasu R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.36) Satachtha(i) R Ptol. 4.7.5 Satyron M. R Ptol. 4.7.2 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA 55

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Saxinae/ R von Wissmann 1957, 313 Xoxinae Scenitae Sabaei R von Wissmann 1957, 308 (n. 67) Scytala R Pliny, NH 6.168 Sebridai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Sebritae/ HR Strabo 16.4.8 Sembitae Selenes M. R Ptol. 4.8.2 Sembitae = Sebritae Sesea R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.16) Sibis R Pliny, NH 6.155 Sigyene/ R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.4) Suskinitai Silaion R Sprenger 1875.437 Sirec(h)ae R Pliny, NH 6.176 Sirtibeis R Ptol. 4.7.10 Soboridai R Ptol. 4.7.10 Sochchor R Sprenger 1875.302 Sokratus R Sprenger 1875.79 Solanades R RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 Solate R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.21) Solate = Salate Sophanitae R Sprenger 1875.179, 435 Sophanitai R RE Suppl. 11 Zeeritai, col. 1355 Sosippu Limen R Sprenger 1875.70 Stenae Dirae R Pliny, NH 6.169 Stratioton R Pliny, NH 6.173 Strato HR Strabo 16.4.8 Strythophagoi R Burstein 1989, 100-101 Stygos R Sprenger 1875.319 Suskinitai = Sigyene

Tabienoi R Ptol. 4.7.10; RE Ταβιηνοί 2 Taruda RL Schnetz 1920, 393 Tasitia/ R Ptol. 4.7.5 Tasitis Tathis R Ptol. 4.7.5 Tenessis R Desanges 1978, 219 (n. 14) Terbo = Gerbo Thalibae R Pliny, NH 6.176 Thamar H Pliny, NH 6.151 Theon Soteron Limen R Burstein 1989, 141 Thuris R Sprenger 1875.299 Tiamaa/ R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.6) Tidma Trete R Sprenger 1875.107 Tricoryphos M. R RE Suppl. 11 Zaabram, col. 1308 Troulla Limen R S Kane on S coast of Yemen Casson 1989, 161

Vadaei R Pliny, NH 6.155

Xoxinae = Saxinae

Zaa R Bernand 1991 (no. 277.10) Zangenai/ R RE Suppl. 11 Zangenae, col. 1337 Gangerae/ Gangorae Zeeritai R RE Suppl. 11, col. 1351 Zeiritai R Sprenger 1875.395; RE Suppl. 11 Zeeritai, col. 1349 Zingabene R Munro-Hay 1991, 222 Zingis Pr. R S Ras Hafun? SOM RE Suppl. 11 Zangenae, col. 1338 56 MAP 4 ARABIA-AZANIA

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