DOCSLIB.ORG

International Cooperation in Environment Protection, Preservation, and Rational Management of Biological Resources in the Arctic Ocean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Cooperation in Environment Protection, Preservation, and Rational Management of Biological Resources in the Arctic Ocean Russian International Affairs Council WORKING PAPER INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, PRESERVATION, AND RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN Materials of the International scientifi c symposium Moscow, September 4, 2012, RIAC № I Russian International Affairs Council Moscow 2013 Russian International Affairs Council Russian Maritime Law Association Pew Environment Group Editor-in-Chief: I.S. Ivanov, Corresponding Member, RAS, Dr. of History Authors: A.N. Vylegzhanin (Lead Author), Dr. of Law; Yu.N. Maleev, Dr. of Law; A.V. Kukushkina, Ph.D. in Law; N.I. Khludneva, Ph.D. in Law; I.M. Ashik, Ph.D. in Geography; S. Highleyman; D.K. Bekyashev, Ph.D. in Law; V.K. Zilanov; P.A. Gudev, Ph.D. in History; A.N. Nikolaev, Dr. of Law; I.P. Dudykina, Ph.D. in Law; M.O. Filippenkova; D.P. Karanov Сopy editing: I.N. Timofeev, Ph.D. in Political Science; T.A. Makhmutov, Ph.D. in Politi- cal Science; L.V. Filippova; A.G. Shamshurin Russian International Affairs Council pays special attention to the Arctic. Council is convinced that there are no problems in the Arctic that cannot be solved on the basis of cooperation, common sense and solid foundation of international law. In order to promote realization of Russian interests in the Arctic by establishing effective international interaction in this region RIAC initiated the project titled “Roadmap for International Cooperation in the Arctic”. The International scientific symposium “International Coopera- tion in Environment Protection, Preservation, and Rational Management of Biological Resources in the Arctic Ocean” was organized in the framework of this project. This Working Paper includes texts of presentations at the symposium held in Moscow on September 4, 2012. International Cooperation in Environment Protection, Preservation, and Rational Management of Biological Resources in the Arctic Ocean. Materi- als of the International scientific symposium held in Moscow on September 4, 2012: Working paper / [A.N. Vylegzhanin (Lead Author) et al.]; [I.S. Iva- nov, Editor-in-Chief]; Russian International Affairs Council. — Moscow: Spetskniga, 2013. — 80 pages. — ISBN 978-5-91891-326-0 © Authors, 2013 © Drafting, translation and design. NPMP RIAC, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................4 Yu.N. Maleev International Problems of the Russian Arctic Development .....................10 A.V. Kukushkina Sustainable Development and the Arctic Environment Protection: International Law Aspects .......................................................................20 N.I. Khludeneva Legal Protection of the Arctic Environment..............................................26 I.M. Ashik Contemporary Arctic Marine Research ...................................................30 S. Highleyman Preventing Unregulated Fisheries in the High Seas of the Central Arctic Ocean .....................................................................36 D.K. Bekyashev Cooperation of the Arctic States in Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing of Water Biological Resources .........................44 V.K. Zilanov Arctic Fisheries: New Challenges ............................................................48 P.A. Gudev New Regimes of Environment Protection Governance in the Central Arctic: Accent on the Regional Approach ..........................51 А.N. Nikolaev, I.P. Dudykina Legal Issues of Preservation and Rational Management of Marine Living Resources in the Central Arctic .....................................59 M.O. Filippenkova Bilateral Treaties of the Russian Federation on the Arctic Environment Protection ......................................................69 D.P. Karanov International Cooperation in the Arctic Environment Monitoring ..............77 Moderators of the International Symposium Concluding Remarks ...............................................................................79 4 Introduction It is well known that in the recent years, the Arctic countries highlight- ed the regional level of cooperation in the Arctic Ocean as the most ef- fective approach, first of all, for the purpose of preservation of especially vulnerable Arctic environment. Since 1996, following the establishment of the Arctic Council by eight states whose territory is crossed by the Arctic Circle, the political and legal weight of this regional mechanism in solving the Arctic environment protection problems has been steadily increasing.1 Since 2008, following the adoption of the Ilulissat Declaration and thus, reconstruction of the format of those five countries, from the “Eight Arctic States” whose coasts directly face the Arctic Ocean,2 the prospect of this “old-new” regional mechanism, i.e. the “Arctic Five” was accentuated, and not only in the sphere of the Arctic environment protection. The problem of identification of the legal status of the ice and water areas of the Arctic Ocean beyond the limits of the 200-mile exclusive eco- nomic zones of the five coastal Arctic states is not especially debatable in the contemporary international law literature, unlike a rather debatable problem of identification of the status of the seabed in this smallest and shallowest ocean, the major part of which is still covered with ice.3 The latter debatable problem was not considered at the International scientific symposium in Moscow. Its participants proceeded from the fact that now the five Arctic coastal states whose territories enclose the Arctic Ocean, have designated therein not only the sea areas that fall under their sovereignty but also the 200-mile exclusive economic zones in which they exercise, according to the cur- rent international law, their specific jurisdiction and sovereign environment management rights. That is, the “Arctic Five” have applied universal norms of the international law of the sea relating to coastal sea areas, in order to identify the legal status of ice covered and open water areas adjacent to their coasts. As to the legal regime of the Arctic Ocean high-latitude area, which is entirely surrounded by those 200-mile exclusive economic zones (of Russia, Canada, USA, Denmark, Norway), it is exactly these very states that play a determining role in its identification. Global mechanisms cre- ated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (hereinafter the Convention of 1982) “do not work” in the Arctic – and not only because of enormous differences between the ice-covered North areas and the warm waters of the Indian Ocean; another reason is that one of the five Arctic coastal states is not a party to the Convention of 1982 and is not bound by its provisions. The regional approach in this case yields a more 1 The Arctic Council member states are Russia, USA, Canada, Denmark (the Island of Greenland), Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Finland. 2 They are the first five of the above-mentioned Arctic Council member states. 3 See, for example: International courts: topical issues of international law. Inter-university collection of scientific works. Issue 2 (6). Ed. in charge G.V. Ignatenko, L.A. Lazutin. Ekaterinburg, 2010. P. 23–42 (in Russian). Rivista di studi politici internationali. Vol. 78. No. 3. 2011. P. 379–391. 5 fair result compared to a selective fulfillment of global prescriptions of the Convention of 1982. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation drew attention to the fact that “strengthening the regional level of management in conditions where universal mechanisms do not work serves like a safety net”.4 The participants in the Symposium proceeded also from the importance of institutionalization of the “Arctic Eight” format through adoption of the Declaration on the establishment of the Arctic Council of 1996. The role of the Arctic states operating first of all within the framework of cooperation in the Arctic Council is highly praised. The head of the Legal department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden notes that only the Arctic states, “whose population lives in the Arctic and who realize their sovereignty and jurisdiction over vast areas of the region, bear special responsibility for its sustainable development and governance, which is demonstrated testified by the activities of the Arctic Council”.5 The Declaration on the establish- ment of the Arctic Council signed in 1996 by government representatives of the eight Arctic states notes, first of all, their “commitment to the well- being of the inhabitants of the Arctic”, “to sustainable development” of that region, “to the protection of the Arctic environment, including the health of Arctic ecosystems, maintenance of biodiversity in the Arctic region and conservation and sustainable use of natural resources”. The representa- tives of the governments of the eight Arctic states, desiring “to provide for regular intergovernmental consideration of and consultation on Arctic issues”, declared that “The Arctic Council is established as a high level fo- rum”. The Declaration states that one of its purposes is to provide “a means for promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, with the involvement of the Arctic indigenous communities and oth- er Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular issues of sus- tainable development and environment protection in the Arctic”. The list of members of the Arctic Council is conclusive: it includes Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Finland, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Alexander P. Lisitsyn Liudmila L. Demina Editors the White Sea
    The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 82 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Alexander P. Lisitsyn Liudmila L. Demina Editors Sedimentation Processes in the White Sea The White Sea Environment Part II The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founding Editor: Otto Hutzinger Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ • Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 82 Advisory Editors: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/698 Sedimentation Processes in the White Sea The White Sea Environment Part II Volume Editors: Alexander P. Lisitsyn Á Liudmila L. Demina With contributions by T. N. Alexсeeva Á D. F. Budko Á O. M. Dara Á L. L. Demina Á I. V. Dotsenko Á Y. A. Fedorov Á A. A. Klyuvitkin Á A. I. Kochenkova Á M. D. Kravchishina Á A. P. Lisitsyn Á I. A. Nemirovskaya Á Y. A. Novichkova Á A. N. Novigatsky Á A. E. Ovsepyan Á N. V. Politova Á Y. I. Polyakova Á A. E. Rybalko Á V. A. Savitskiy Á L. R. Semyonova Á V. P. Shevchenko Á M. Y. Tokarev Á A. Yu. Lein Á V. A. Zhuravlyov Á A. A. Zimovets Editors Alexander P. Lisitsyn Liudmila L. Demina Shirshov Inst. of Oceanology Shirshov Inst. of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia Moscow, Russia ISSN 1867-979X ISSN 1616-864X (electronic) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ISBN 978-3-030-05110-5 ISBN 978-3-030-05111-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05111-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964918 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronicle of Trans – Arctic Passage
    UDK 656.614.33(985)(045) Chronicle of Trans – Arctic passage © Vladimir P. Sokolov, the sea captain, the captain-inspector of administration of seaport «Arkhangelsk». Education - the navigator and the journalist, has ended faculty of journalism of the Leningrad University. Worked on sea courts. More than thirty years co-operate with newspapers of Arkhangelsk. Its articles were published in central press. A member of the Union of journalists of the Russian Federation, the winner of the award of the Arkhangelsk regional journalistic organization. Mobile phone +7-906-28288-96. Abstract Notes of sea captain Vladimir Sokolova we begin a heading «Arctic regions today». For the first time in history existence of Northern sea way during navigation by one icebreaking vessel «Michael Somov» are provided all polar stations. The author reflects on problems of development of Northern sea way. Key words: «Michael Somov», development, northern sea way, supply of polar stations. I must say that for "Mikhail Somov" I'm not a stranger at all. Ten years ago, it took the post of chief mate, was in the Barents and Kara seas, and participated in the landings on the island weather station. The same type of "Somov" diesel-electric ice-class specially built for navigation in ice. And there were a to the Arctic in the 70-80s at least a dozen "Amguema", "Navarino", "Vankarem", "Paul Ponomarev," "Captain Myshevsky ..." On one of them - "Gizhiga" - as a young man I began my work the Navigation. Over time, the entire series has been written down by age, or, as sailors say, "on the needles." Today on the Northern Sea Route of them had only one - the famous "Mikhail Somov".
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Breaking Services During Winter Navigation in Russian Ports of The
    FSUE Rosmorport IceIce breakingbreaking servicesservices duringduring winterwinter navigationnavigation inin RussianRussian portsports ofof thethe GulfGulf ofof FinlandFinland 1 ENTERPRISE MISSION •To contribute to the development of the marine transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation and competitive growth of the Russian sea ports by means of the effective operation, maintenance and development of the federal property, allocated to the enterprise in the sea ports •To actively participate in realization of the Federal Target Programs of marine transport development of the Russian Federation •To render services of safety shipping in water area of the sea ports and at port approaches 2 «Vaigach» Operation area and icebreakers group «Ermak» in the Gulf of Finland «Kaptain Sorokin» «Kaptain Dranitsin» «Kaptain Nikolaev» «Moscow» «Saint-Petersburg» «Mudyug» «Karu» «Ivan Kruzenshtern» «Kaptain Zarubin» «Kaptain М. Izmailov» «Semen Dejnev» «Yuri Lisyansky» «Kaptain Plakhin» 3 Icebreakers operated in the Baltic sea Open sea icebreakers Captain Sorokin (34) Captain Nikolaev (33) Ermak (37) Captain Dranitsin (31) Power – 30,4MW Power – 18,2MW Moscow (3) 4 Saint-Petersburg (2) Power – 16MW Icebreakers operated in the Baltic sea Auxiliary icebreakers Harbor icebreakers Mudyug (29) Semen Dejnev (40) Captain Izmailov (35) Power – 7,1MW Ivan Kruzenshtern (47) Power – 2,5MW Yury Lisyansky (45) Power – 3,5MW Tor (47) Captain Zarubin (33) Karu (52) Power – 8,1MW Captain Plakhin (34) Power – 6,5MW Power – 3,3MW 5 Volumes of transportation and
    [Show full text]
  • New Perspectives in Polar Research
    Editors ISBN 978−83−62673−47−6 Krzysztof Migała, Piotr Owczarek Marek Kasprzak, Mateusz C. Strzelecki University of Wrocław Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences New perspectives Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society Association of Polar Early Career Scientists / Poland Municipality of Wrocław in polar research in polar research New perspectives New New perspectives in polar research Editors Krzysztof Migała Piotr Owczarek Marek Kasprzak Mateusz C. Strzelecki Wrocław 2014 New perspectives in polar research Editors Krzysztof Migała Piotr Owczarek Marek Kasprzak Mateusz C. Strzelecki Wrocław 2014 New perspectives in polar research 35th Polar Symposium Diversity and state of polar ecosystems 4th –7th June 2014, Wrocław Editors: Krzysztof Migała, Piotr Owczarek, Marek Kasprzak, Mateusz C. Strzelecki Technical editors: Magdalena Korzystka-Muskała, Marek Kasprzak, Tymoteusz Sawiński Reviewers: Stanisław Chmiel Michał Chorośnicki Josef Elster Piotr Głowacki Michał Łuszczuk Andrzej Kubka Wojciech Majewski Andrzej Makowski Tadeusz Niedźwiedź Adam Nawrot Piotr Owczarek Jerzy Pereyma Grzegorz Rachlewicz Izabela Sówka Anna Styszyńska Andrzej Witkowski Piotr Zagórski Wiesław Ziaja Cover image: Ice cliff of the Hansbreen, Hornsund (photo M. Kasprzak, 2011) ©Copyright 2014 by Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław ISBN 978−83−62673−47−6 Institute of Geography and Regional Development University of Wrocław Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50–137 Wrocław, Poland Printed by I-BiS s.c., ul. Sztabowa 32,
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic in World Affairs: a North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic 2030 And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 0115(12교)2018 NPAC_part 1(1-80).indd 1 2019.1.15 6:43:16 AM 2 The Arctic in World Affairs 0115(12교)2018 NPAC_part 1(1-80).indd 2 2019.1.15 6:43:16 AM Overview 3 Overview: Arctic 2030 and Beyond— Pathways to the Future1 Yoon Hyung Kim, Oran R. Young, Robert W. Corell, Jong Deog Kim, Arild Moe, and David L. VanderZwaag INTRODUCTION Earth has entered an unprecedented era of transformative change. Human actions have joined biophysical forces as drivers of multi-faceted developments on a global scale. As a result, future climatic conditions will differ profoundly from the relatively stable climate that humans have experienced over the past 10,000 years. These global forces are already generating rapid and far-reaching ecological changes in the Arctic. In turn, developments in the Arctic are intensifying both the scale and the pace of environmental, political, and economic changes in lower latitudes. Efforts to address Arctic issues constructively must recognize these developments as a point of departure. Human actions on a global scale are interacting with biophysical forces to increase the complexity, dynamism, and volatility of Earth’s ecological systems. The ripple effects of these changes are becoming more apparent with every passing year, affecting human societies in subtle and profound ways. Over the past several years, many governments, research organizations, and individual authors have issued reports indicating that the major drivers of change at the global level stem from human activities, largely from the burning of hydrocarbons, with far-reaching consequences for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Power Requirement in the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules
    STYRELSEN FÖR VINTERSJÖFARTSFORSKNING WINTER NAVIGATION RESEARCH BOARD Research Report No 53 Mikko Juva, Kaj Riska ON THE POWER REQUIREMENT IN THE FINNISH-SWEDISH ICE CLASS RULES Sjöfartsverket Sjöfartsverket Finland Sverige Finnish Maritime Administration Swedish Maritime Administration ON THE POWER REQUIREMENT IN THE FINNISH- SWEDISH ICE CLASS RULES Mikko Juva, Kaj Riska HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Ship Laboratory Espoo, September 2002 2 0 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to present the power requirement in the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules and to give some background on the factors influencing this requirement and the constants included therein. The structure of the power requirement, the background of the performance requirement, the rule channel resistance equations and the power requirement equation are all presented in this report in detail. The results on the performance requirement and the channel resistance are collected from other reports. These results are presented in this report to give perspective and understanding on the basis of the power requirement and the factors influencing it. A special attention is given to the derivation of the power requirement formula from the bollard pull equation and to derivation of the constants included in the present rules. The main focus of this report is an analysis of the Ke coefficient describing the relationship between the propulsion power and propeller thrust in the power requirement equation which is taken as a constant in the present rules. The purpose is to investigate the validity of this approach and the assumptions influencing it. Also the effect of the different factors like the propeller diameter on the power requirement were studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian-Arctic.Info Dependence of the Modern
    RUSSIAN ARCTIC |5, 2019| RUSSIAN-ARCTIC.INFO UDC 656.61.052:551.326 DOI: 10.24411/2658-4255-2019-10052 DEPENDENCE OF THE MODERN ICEBREAKER FLEET FROM ICE CONDITIONS ON THE RUSSIAN SEAS I.O. Dumanskaya Roshydromet [email protected] The article considers the current state of the Russian icebreaker fleet. The possibility of using such a parameter as the sum of degree-days of frost to characterize light, medium and heavy ice conditions in the non-Arctic seas is proved. The analysis of restrictions of the regime of ice navigation of vessels of different ice categories in the waters of the non-Arctic seas for light, medium and heavy ice conditions is carried out. A quantitative assessment of the compliance with technical specifications of the icebreaker fleet on the seas with different ice conditions in these seas. It is shown that the power of the modern icebreaker fleet allows navigation on the Russian seas to be equally successful in conditions of mild and moderate, and in conditions of severe and extremely severe winters. At the same time, the increase in the power of the icebreakers under construction and design and the decrease in the thickness of ice due to sustainable warming in all Russian seas increase the guarantees of safety of the navigation of ships and icebreakers in ice and reduce the dependence of ice navigation on the severity of ice conditions. Based on the analysis of the construction and operation of the icebreaker fleet in the XXI century, it is concluded that the real difficulties of winter navigation in the non-Arctic seas are associated primarily with an increase in the number and size of vessels which participate in icebreaking operations.
    [Show full text]
  • ICETECH 08 ICETECH 08 Was Held in Banff, Alberta, Canada on July 20-23, 2008
    1 ICETECH – A BRIEF HISTORY By Frank G. Bercha and Roger Pilkington 1. What is ICETECH? ICETECH is a conference on the practical aspects of northern offshore activity in ice covered waters. As such it focuses on icebreaking ships and offshore ice resistant structures. However it also covers related subjects including specific technical ones such as escape, evacuation, and rescue (EER), ice mechanics, or subsea pipelines, and more general ones such as the northern sea routes, arctic geopolitics, or global warming impacts on the arctic. The conference is a non- profit conference under the general sponsorship of SNAME, but organized by the Arctic Section of SNAME, a small but dedicated and energetic section based primarily in Calgary, Canada. Some ICETECHs have been hosted jointly with another organization such as the Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 2000, or the Institute of the North in Alaska, in 2010. It is a serious technical conference attended by leading experts in the subject areas. Content is restricted to scientific, technical, and state-of-art information; commercialism is discouraged in technical papers and presentations. However, an exhibition is usually held in conjunction with the conference, where commercial and institutional exhibitors are free to extol their merits. Similarly, sponsors who provide financial contributions are afforded an opportunity to present verbal and published information on their organizations. There are usually plenary and technical presentations, with the plenaries given by acknowledged experts at the outset of each day or afternoon, to give an overview of the subject area, to be followed by one or two concurrent technical sessions focusing on specific aspects of the theme.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Flashpoint: the Russo-American Rivalry
    University of Dayton eCommons Honors Theses University Honors Program 4-2017 Arctic Flashpoint: The Russo-American Rivalry Matthew Bernard Mackowiak University of Dayton Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/uhp_theses Part of the International Relations Commons eCommons Citation Mackowiak, Matthew Bernard, "Arctic Flashpoint: The Russo-American Rivalry" (2017). Honors Theses. 111. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/uhp_theses/111 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Arctic Flashpoint: The Russo-American Rivalry Honors Thesis Matthew Bernard Mackowiak Department: International Studies Advisor: Jaro Bilocerkowycz, Ph.D. April 2017 Arctic Flashpoint: The Russo-American Rivalry Honors Thesis Matthew Bernard Mackowiak Department: International Studies Advisor: Jaro Bilocerkowycz, Ph.D. April 2017 Abstract With the steady melting of Arctic ice, the door has opened to northern shipping routes and access to Arctic oil reserves. As a result, the Russian Federation has jumped at the chance to control as much of the Far North as possible, aggressively militarizing Cold-War-Era bases and staking claims of vast maritime territory. With all of these recent developments, the political climate at the top of the world is changing dramatically. How is Russia flexing its muscles to control Arctic natural resources and what does this mean for the national security interests of the United States? This study will examine the institutions for Arctic governance and recent Russian activities--political and military-- in the Arctic region.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2019-2020
    BALTIC ICEBREAKING MANAGEMENT Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2019-2020 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Overview of the icebreaking season 2019-2020 and its effect on the maritime transport system in the Baltic Sea region .............................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Accidents and incidents in sea ice ........................................................................................................... 7 4. Winter Navigation Research .................................................................................................................... 7 5. Costs of Icebreaking services in the Baltic Sea ........................................................................................ 8 5.1 Finland ................................................................................................................................................... 8 5.2 Sweden .................................................................................................................................................. 8 5.3 Russia ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 5.4. Estonia .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vintersjöfartsforskning
    STYRELSEN FÖR VINTERSJÖFARTSFORSKNING WINTER NAVIGATION RESEARCH BOARD Research Report No 57 Risto Jalonen, Kaj Riska, Samuli Hänninen A PRELIMINARY RISK ANALYSIS OF WINTER NAVIGATION IN THE BALTIC SEA Sjöfartsverket Sjöfartsverket Finland Sverige Finnish Maritime Administration Swedish Maritime Administration ISBN 951-49-2098-8 Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki, 2005 FOREWORD In its report no 57, the Winter Navigation Research Board presents the study to assess the risk involved with winter navigation in the Baltic Sea. The study was carried out by Mr. Risto Jalonen, professor Kaj Riska and Mr. Samuli Hänninen from the Technical University of Helsinki. This information can be used in the development of rules and recommendations for the safety of winter navigation in the Baltic Sea area. The Winter Navigation Research Board warmly thanks Mr. Risto Jalonen, Mr. Samuli Hänninen and professor Kaj Riska for this report, and the Ministry of Transport and Communications for financing the work. Helsinki February 2005 Markku Mylly A PRELIMINARY RISK ANALYSIS OF WINTER NAVIGATION IN THE BALTIC SEA Risto Jalonen, Kaj Riska & Samuli Hänninen HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Ship Laboratory Espoo, December 2004 PREFACE The purpose of this risk analysis is to assess the risk involved with winter navigation on the Baltic Sea. The basis for this work was laid in the second meeting of HELCOM’s Ice Expert Working Group in Helsinki, 17-18 June, 2003. This risk analysis is carried out in the period of autumn 2003 – winter 2004 by the Helsinki University of Technology as commissioned by the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Finnish Maritime Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic and North № 1
    ISSN 2221-2698 Arctic and North № 1 Arkhangelsk: Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, SEC “Institute of Arctic” 2011 Arctic and North. 2011. № 1 (February) 2 ISSN 2221-2698 Arctic and North. 2011. № 1 © The Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 2011 © “The Institute of Arctic”, 2011 © An editorial office of the journal “Arctic and North”, 2011 It is published 3 times a year The journal is registered like electronic periodical edition on Russian and English languages. The testimony of the Federal service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technologies and communications (№ FC77-42809 from the 26 of November 2010.) Founder: The federal state autonomous institution of higher education “The Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov”. Address: 163002, Arkhangelsk, Naberejnaya Severnoi Dvini, 17. An electronic address of the journal: http://narfu.ru/aan. Editor in chief: Lukin Y. F, Doctor of the historic arts, Professor. Telephone/Fax: 8 (8182) 65- 05-22. E-mail: [email protected]. Address: Russia, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Lomonosova Street, 58, room 1−2, the “Institute of the Arctic”. The editorial board of the journal: Glazichev Doctor of Arts, Professor of Moscow Architectural Institute, Full Vyacheslav Leonidovich Member of the International Academy of Architecture of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation (Moscow) Dergachev Doctor of Geography, Professor (Kiev, Ukraine) Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kefeli Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Vice-president of the Academy of Igor Federovich Geopolitical Problems, Editor-in-chief of the journal “Geopolitics and security” (St. Petersburg) Kotlyakov Academician of Russian academy of sciences, Doctor of Geography, Vladimir Mihailovich director of the institute of geography RAS (Moscow) Kydryashova Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Rector of the Northern (Arctic) Elena Vladimirovna Federal University named after M.V.
    [Show full text]