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Electrophysiological and Behavioral Characterization Of
Deletre et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015) 8:316 DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-0934-y RESEARCH Open Access Electrophysiological and behavioral characterization of bioactive compounds of the Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils against Anopheles gambiae and prospects for their use as bednet treatments Emilie Deletre1* , Fabrice Chandre2, Livy Williams3, Claire Duménil1, Chantal Menut4 and Thibaud Martin1,5 Abstract Background: Laboratory and field studies showed that repellent, irritant and toxic actions of common public health insecticides reduce human-vector contact and thereby interrupt disease transmission. One of the more effective strategies to reduce disease risk involves the use of long-lasting treated bednets. However, development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations makes it imperative to find alternatives to these insecticides. Our previous study identified four essential oils as alternatives to pyrethroids: Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The objectives of this study were to identify active compounds of these essential oils, to characterize their biological activity, and to examine their potential as a treatment for bednets. Methods: We evaluated the electrophysiological, behavioural (repellency, irritancy) and toxic effects of the major compounds of these oils against Anopheles gambiae strain ‘Kisumu’. Results: Aldehydes elicited the strongest responses and monoterpenes the weakest responses in electroantennogram (EAG) trials. However, EAG responses did not correlate consistently with results of behavioral assays. In behavioral and toxicity studies, several of the single compounds did exhibit repellency, irritancy or toxicity in An. gambiae; however, the activity of essential oils did not always correlate with activity expected from the major components. On the contrary, the biological activity of essential oils appeared complex, suggesting interactions between individual compounds and the insect under study. -
Aldrich Vapor
Aldrich Vapor Library Listing – 6,611 spectra This library is an ideal tool for investigator using FT-IR to analyze gas phase materials. It contains gas phase spectra collected by Aldrich using a GC-IR interface to ensure chromatographically pure samples. The Aldrich FT-IR Vapor Phase Library contains 6,611 gas phase FT-IR spectra collected by Aldrich Chemical Company using a GC interface. The library includes compound name, molecular formula, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number, Aldrich catalog number, and page number in the Aldrich Library of FT-IR Spectra, Edition 1, Volume 3, Vapor-Phase. Aldrich Vapor Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 6417 ((1- 3495 (1,2-Dibromoethyl)benzene; Styrene Ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy)trimethylsilane dibromide 2081 (+)-3-(Heptafluorobutyryl)camphor 3494 (1-Bromoethyl)benzene; 1-Phenylethyl 2080 (+)-3-(Trifluoroacetyl)camphor bromide 262 (+)-Camphene; 2,2-Dimethyl-3- 6410 (1-Hydroxyallyl)trimethylsilane methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 6605 (1-Methyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1- 2828 (+)-Diisopropyl L-tartrate yl)manganese tricarbonyl 947 (+)-Isomenthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5b)]-2- 6250 (1-Propynyl)benzene; 1-Phenylpropyne Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexano 2079 (1R)-(+)-3-Bromocamphor, endo- 1230 (+)-Limonene oxide, cis + trans; (+)-1,2- 2077 (1R)-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-1,7,7- Epoxy-4-isopropenyl-1- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan- 317 (+)-Longifolene; (1S)-8-Methylene- 976 (1R)-(+)-Fenchyl alcohol, endo- 3,3,7-trimethyltricyclo[5.4.0 2074 (1R)-(+)-Nopinone; (1R)-(+)-6,6- 949 (+)-Menthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5a)]-(+)-2- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2- -
Sodium Bromate
Sodium bromate sc-251012 Material Safety Data Sheet Hazard Alert Code EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Key: Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Sodium bromate STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA FLAMMABILITY0 HEALTH2 HAZARD INSTABILITY2 OX SUPPLIER Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 2145 Delaware Avenue Santa Cruz, California 95060 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 EMERGENCY ChemWatch Within the US & Canada: 877-715-9305 Outside the US & Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 SYNONYMS NaBrO3, "bromic acid, sodium salt" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability 0 Toxicity 2 Body Contact 2 Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Reactivity 2 Moderate=2 High=3 Chronic 3 Extreme=4 CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS 1 of 10 CANADIAN WHMIS CLASSIFICATION CAS 7789-38-0Sodium bromate C-Oxidizing Material 1 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Harmful if swallowed. May cause CANCER. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. ■ Bromide poisoning causes intense vomiting so the dose is often removed. Effects include drowsiness, irritability, inco-ordination, vertigo, confusion, mania, hallucinations and coma. ■ Bromate poisoning almost always causes nausea and vomiting, usually with pain of the upper abdomen. Loss of hearing can occur, and bromates damage the kidneys. EYE ■ This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. -
FEMA GRAS 29 December 2019 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 1
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 1: Identity for Natural Flavor Complexes as Evaluated by the Expert Panel The Identification Description as Reviewed by the FEMA FEMA No.1 FEMA Primary Name Expert Panel Rebaudioside M ≥80%; Rebaudioside D 5-20%; Total 4895 Rebaudioside M steviol glycosides ≥95%. Glutamic acid 35-40%; Other amino acids 1-2%; Total Corynebacterium glutamicum corn nitrogen 6-7%; Aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, 4907 syrup fermentation product carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups 1-2%; Minerals 9-11% Inosine 5´-monophosphate 20-25%; Amino acids 7-8%; Corynebacterium stationis corn 4908 Minerals 23-25%; water 28-37%; Other nucleotides 1-2%; syrup fermentation product Total nitrogen 5-8% Supraglucosylated steviol glycosides 70-80%; Rebaudioside Glucosylated steviol glycosides, 4909 A 14-20%; Steviol glycosides not further glucosylated, each 70-80% individually, not to exceed 3%; Maltodextrin 3-10% Supraglucosylated steviol glycosides 30-40%; Rebaudioside Glucosylated steviol glycosides, A 5-8%; Not more than 4% stevioside; All other individual 4910 40% steviol glycosides not further glucosylated <3%; Maltodextrin 45-60% Stevioside 70-80%; Rebaudioside A 13-18%; Steviobioside 1- 3%; Rebaudioside C 2-3%; Total glycosides (including 4911 Stevia extract stevioside, 70% Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside F, Dulcoside A, and Rubusoside) <3% Derived from hibiscus blossom calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) , Hibiscus blossom extract is measured as water 30-60%; 4912 Hibiscus -
New Natural Agonists of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New natural agonists of the transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel Coline Legrand, Jenny Meylan Merlini, Carole de Senarclens‑Bezençon & Stéphanie Michlig* The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family are cationic channels involved in various physiological processes as pain, infammation, metabolism, swallowing function, gut motility, thermoregulation or adipogenesis. In the oral cavity, TRP channels are involved in chemesthesis, the sensory chemical transduction of spicy ingredients. Among them, TRPA1 is activated by natural molecules producing pungent, tingling or irritating sensations during their consumption. TRPA1 can be activated by diferent chemicals found in plants or spices such as the electrophiles isothiocyanates, thiosulfnates or unsaturated aldehydes. TRPA1 has been as well associated to various physiological mechanisms like gut motility, infammation or pain. Cinnamaldehyde, its well known potent agonist from cinnamon, is reported to impact metabolism and exert anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic efects. Recently, a structurally similar molecule to cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde was shown to possess anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic efect as well. We hypothesized that both cinnamaldehyde and cuminaldehyde might exert this metabolic efects through TRPA1 activation and evaluated the impact of cuminaldehyde on TRPA1. The results presented here show that cuminaldehyde activates TRPA1 as well. Additionally, a new natural agonist of TRPA1, tiglic aldehyde, was identifed -
Safety Data Sheet Breaker J481
SDS no. J481 Version 2 Revision date 10-Aug-2017 Supersedes date 11-Sep-2015 Safety Data Sheet Breaker J481 1. Identification of the substance/preparation and of the Company/undertaking 1.1 Product identifier Product name Breaker J481 Product code J481 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended Use Used as a fracturing additive in oilfield applications Uses advised against Consumer use 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier Schlumberger Oilfield Australia Pty Ltd ABN: 74 002 459 225 ACN: 002 459 225 256 St. Georges Terrace, Perth WA 6000 +47 5157 7424 [email protected] 1.4 Emergency Telephone Number Emergency telephone - (24 Hour) Australia +61 2801 44558, Asia Pacific +65 3158 1074, China +86 10 5100 3039, Europe +44 (0) 1235 239 670, Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1235 239 671, New Zealand +64 9929 1483, USA 001 281 595 3518 Denmark Poison Control Hotline (DK): +45 82 12 12 12 Germany +49 69 222 25285 Netherlands National Poisons Information Center (NL): +31 30 274 88 88 (NB: this service is only available to health professionals) 2. Hazards Identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP] Health hazards Acute toxicity - Oral Category 4 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2 Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2 Carcinogenicity Category 1B Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 3 Environmental hazards Not classified _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 12 Breaker J481 SDS no. -
Subchapter B—Food for Human Consumption (Continued)
SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) PART 170—FOOD ADDITIVES 170.106 Notification for a food contact sub- stance formulation (NFCSF). Subpart A—General Provisions Subpart E—Generally Recognized as Safe Sec. (GRAS) Notice 170.3 Definitions. 170.203 Definitions. 170.6 Opinion letters on food additive sta- 170.205 Opportunity to submit a GRAS no- tus. tice. 170.10 Food additives in standardized foods. 170.210 How to send your GRAS notice to 170.15 Adoption of regulation on initiative FDA. of Commissioner. 170.215 Incorporation into a GRAS notice. 170.17 Exemption for investigational use 170.220 General requirements applicable to a and procedure for obtaining authoriza- GRAS notice. tion to market edible products from ex- 170.225 Part 1 of a GRAS notice: Signed perimental animals. statements and certification. 170.18 Tolerances for related food additives. 170.230 Part 2 of a GRAS notice: Identity, 170.19 Pesticide chemicals in processed method of manufacture, specifications, foods. and physical or technical effect. Subpart B—Food Additive Safety 170.235 Part 3 of a GRAS notice: Dietary ex- posure. 170.20 General principles for evaluating the 170.240 Part 4 of a GRAS notice: Self-lim- safety of food additives. iting levels of use. 170.22 Safety factors to be considered. 170.245 Part 5 of a GRAS notice: Experience 170.30 Eligibility for classification as gen- based on common use in food before 1958. erally recognized as safe (GRAS). 170.250 Part 6 of a GRAS notice: Narrative. 170.35 Affirmation of generally recognized 170.255 Part 7 of a GRAS notice: List of sup- as safe (GRAS) status. -
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS)
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) A to Z Index Follow FDA FDA Voice Blog Most Popular Searches Home Food Drugs Medical Devices Radiation-Emitting Products Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Tobacco Products Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) FDA Home Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) - The list below is an alphabetical inventory representing only five of 196 fields in FDA/CFSAN's PAFA database. Definitions of the labels that are found in the inventory are: Label Definition DOCTYPE An indicator of the status of the toxicology information available for the substance in PAFA (administrative and chemical information is available on all substances): A Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. S P E There is reported use of the substance, but it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature search. A F N There is reported use of the substance, and an initial toxicology literature search is in progress. E W NI Although listed as a added to food, there is no current reported use of the substance, and, therefore, L although toxicology information may be available in PAFA, it is not being updated. N There is no reported use of the substance and there is no toxicology information available in PAFA. U L B The substance was formerly approved as a food additive but is now banned; there may be some toxicology A data available. N DOCNUM PAFA database number of the Food Additive Safety Profile volume containing the printed source information concerning the substance. -
Monographs the Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products
ONLINE SERIES MONOGRAPHS The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products Carvi aetheroleum Caraway Oil 2019 www.escop.com The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products CARVI AETHEROLEUM Caraway Oil 2019 ESCOP Monographs were first published in loose-leaf form progressively from 1996 to 1999 as Fascicules 1-6, each of 10 monographs © ESCOP 1996, 1997, 1999 Second Edition, completely revised and expanded © ESCOP 2003 Second Edition, Supplement 2009 © ESCOP 2009 ONLINE SERIES ISBN 978-1-901964-65-3 Carvi aetheroleum - Caraway Oil © ESCOP 2019 Published by the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) Notaries House, Chapel Street, Exeter EX1 1EZ, United Kingdom www.escop.com All rights reserved Except for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review no part of this text may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the written permission of the publisher. Important Note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment may be required. In their efforts to provide information on the efficacy and safety of herbal drugs and herbal preparations, presented as a substantial overview together with summaries of relevant data, the authors of the material herein have consulted comprehensive sources believed to be reliable. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors or publisher of the work herein, or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors nor the publisher, nor any other party involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for results obtained by the use of such information. -
Molluscicidal and Insecticidal Potential of Monoterpenes on the White Garden Snail, Theba Pisana (Muller) and the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera Littoralis (Boisduval)
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 45 (3): 425–433 (2010) http://odokon.org/ Molluscicidal and insecticidal potential of monoterpenes on the white garden snail, Theba pisana (Muller) and the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Samir A. M. ABDELGALEIL* Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University; Alexandria, Egypt (Received 8 February 2010; Accepted 27 April 2010) Abstract The present article reports the fumigant and contact toxicities of eleven monoterpenes against adults of Theba pisana and third instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. The majority of the tested compounds were found to be toxic to both pests with variable degrees of potency. Among the tested monoterpenes, (L)-fenchone showed the highest fumigant toxicity against T. pisana and S. littoralis with LC50 values of 2.51 and 2.27 mg/l, respectively. Myrcene and 1-8-cine- ole exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against T. pisana, while cuminaldehyde, geraniol and (Ϫ)-menthol were not ac- tive. On the other hand, 1-8-cineole and (ϩ)-camphor revealed potent fumigant toxicity against S. littoralis. In the contact assay, the tested monoterpenes were more toxic against T. pisana than S. littoralis. Cuminaldehyde ϭ (LD50 28.37 m g/snail) was significantly the most effective compound against T. pisana, followed by geraniol and (Ϫ)-limonene. Interestingly, eight of the tested monoterpenes were more toxic to adults of T. pisana than methiocarb. The results of the present study suggested that cuminaldehyde, geraniol, (Ϫ)-limonene and (ϩ)-camphor could be used as alternative control agents for T. pisana. In addition, (L)-fenchone and 1-8-cineole could be useful as fumigants for control T. -
Cuminum Cyminum – a Popular Spice: an Updated Review
Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9(3):292-301 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Review Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Cuminum cyminum – A Popular Spice: An Updated Review Rudra Pratap Singh, Gangadharappa H.V.*, Mruthunjaya K ABSTRACT Spices are bio-nutrient supplements that enhance the taste, flavor and aroma of food and also treat several diseases. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is one such most popular spice that is used as a culinary spice for their special aromatic effect. Cumin is a traditional and much used spice from Middle Ages because it was an icon of love and fidelity. Cumin is available in different appearances such as anise, fennel and black cumin and the difference between them is their characteristics. The proximate analysis of the cumin seeds reveals that they contain fixed oil, volatile oils, acids, essential oils, protein and other elements. In cumin, contains an important component such as pinene, cymene, terpinene, cuminaldehyde, oleoresin, thymol and others that have shown their uses according to the disease. Cumin has proved several benefits with the help of availability of nutrients. It is an important element of iron for energy, immunity systems, lactation and skin diseases. Cumin also shown various pharmacological effects but has some side effects. So, volatile plants generally come out as a complex mixture of less molecular weight lipophilic compounds that derived from different biosynthetic pathways and also contribute to a variety of physiological functions. Key words: Spice, Cumin, Cuminaldehyde, Cymene, Thymol. INTRODUCTION Rudra Pratap Singh, Spices are an important bionutrients for both food aromatic plants having hollow stems and the well- Gangadharappa H.V.*, ingredients and nutritional supplements. -
Chemical Waves
Chemical Waves Equipment: two beakers (50 mL) two beakers (100 mL) graduated cylinder (100 mL) volumetric pipet (2 mL) two volumetric pipets (10 mL) magnetic stirrer with stir bar spatula Petri dish (diameter: 10 cm) overhead projector and black cardboard Chemicals: sodium bromate concentrated sulfuric acid malonic acid sodium bromide ferroin indicator solution (0.1 wt.%) deionized water Safety: sodium bromate (NaBrO3): H272, H302, H315, H319, H335 P210, P261, P305 + P351 + P338 concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4): H290, H314 P280, P301 + P330 + P331, P303 + P361 + P353, P305 + P351 + P338, P310 malonic acid (CH2(CO2H)2): H302, H318 P273, P305 + P351 + P338 The chemicals cause very severe skin burns and eye damage. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to wear a lab coat, safety goggles and protective gloves. Because bromine is produced during the preparation, this step should be performed in a fume hood. Procedure: Preparation: The following solutions have to be prepared: Solution A: 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid are added to 67 mL of deionized water. Subsequently, 5 g of sodium bromate are dissolved in the acidic solution. Solution B: 1 g of malonic acid is dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water. Solution C: 1 g of sodium bromide is dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water. Under a fume hood, a 100 mL beaker is placed on the magnetic stirrer. 12 mL of solution A are poured into the beaker. Subsequently, 2 mL of solution B and 1 mL of solution C are www.job-foundation.org added while stirring. After the addition of the last solution, one can observe a yellow brown color caused by the production of bromine.