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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,482,455 B1 Freire Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,482,455 B1 Freire Et Al USOO6482455B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,482,455 B1 Freire et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 19, 2002 (54) NATURAL SOURCE COMPOSITION FOR (56) References Cited THE CONTROL OF POST HARVEST PATHOLOGES AND METHODS OF U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS APPLICATION 4,978,686 A 12/1990 Sotome ...................... 514/698 5,639,794. A * 6/1997 Emerson et al. ............ 514/699 (75) Inventors: Jose Maria Garcia-Mina Freire, Iza 5,741,699 A * 4/1998 Wilson et al. .............. 435/255 (ES); Santiago Cenoz Imaz, Cizur Mayor (ES); Rodrigo Garcia Cabtera, * cited by examiner Gorraiz (ES); Angel Ma Zamarreño Primary Examiner Helen Pratt Arregui, Eugui (ES) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Foley & Lardner (73) Assignee: Inabonos S.A. (ES) (57) ABSTRACT The composition contains a fundamental active ingredient (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this consisting of the association of thymol, eugenol and patent is extended or adjusted under 35 cinnamaldehyde, a Secondary active ingredient consisting of U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. the association of cuminaldehyde, geraniol, Vanillin, borneol, menthol, anethole, terpineol, limonene and differ (21) Appl. No.: 09/710,755 ent glycosides contained in the essences of mustard and (22) Filed: Nov. 9, 2000 jasmine, a Surface-active Selected among the different fami lies accepted as emulsifying food additives and an oligosac (30) Foreign Application Priority Data charide Selected among the mono-oligosaccharides, fructo oligosaccharides, phyco-oligosaccharides proceeding from Nov. 11, 1999 (ES) .............................................. 99.02472 algae extracts or vegetable tissue. The composition that has (51) Int. Cl. .............................. A23B 4/20; A23B 7/16 just been described is applied to fruit and vegetables in a (52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 426/310; 426/99: 426/102; diluted bath or in solid form incorporated into the waxes that 426/321; 426/333; 426/615; 426/616 are usually used in post-harvest treatments. (58) Field of Search ................................. 426/321, 333, 426/99, 102, 615, 616, 310 20 Claims, No Drawings US 6,482,455 B1 1 2 NATURAL SOURCE COMPOSITION FOR Presently, non-toxic natural Source compositions have THE CONTROL OF POST-HARVEST been developed-derived fundamentally from essential oils PATHOLOGIES AND METHODS OF of vegetable Source accepted for the direct use in human APPLICATION nutrition as an additive-with the capacity of controlling the 5 attack of funguses in producing plants, however these com The present invention consists of a composition for the positions are not valid for the overall control of post-harvest control of post-harvest pathologies of fruits and vegetables, pathology for two fundamental reasons: Specifically the attack of pathogens and the phenomenons of The described doses and their method of application chemical degeneration of the Skin, with the particularity that reveal phytotoxicity in citrics due to the development its application is compatible with human or animal con of an oleocellosis process that generates bruising Sumption. (processes of oxidation-generation of highly reactive Within the process of preservation of fruits and veg free radicals). In fact, the majority of these patents etables the two most important problems that arise are: describe the use of the product in producing plants The attack of pathogenic agents, mainly Specific types of either in foliar application or in radicular application, but not in post-harvest application. funguses and bacterias. 15 The process of chemical degeneration of the skin, which They do not have the capacity of controlling the processes is defined in two fundamental phenomenons: Scalding of chemical degeneration of the skin. None of these of the skin-bruising-(mainly apples and pears), patents describes an action of the product against the which seems to be linked with determined oxidation problems of Scalding or oleocellosis. processes (the generation of highly reactive free Thus, the French patent FR 2529755 (Sotome, 1982) radicals), and oleocellosis (citrics). describes the use of cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde), a Actually, both processes-included among what we may major component of cinnamon essence, as an agent for the call post-harvest pathology-are partly related in Spite of the control of pathogenic funguses both in producing plants differences that exist in the mechanisms that generate them. foliar or radicular use-as well as in the post-harvest pro In effect, it is known that the processes of pathogenic 25 cesses. However, as shown in table 1, the direct application attack generates a local response in the vegetable tissue of the product according to the composition and dose related to the natural defense mechanism, which includes the described by the author, possesses a high level of phytotox Synthesis of highly reactive oxygenated species (H2O, O. icity in citrics, by unleashing an oleocellosis proceSS in the and *OH) which may produce cellular death by means of skin. Self-Oxidation processes. In this context, it is very probable that the oxidation of Substances in the area of the skin may TABLE 1. be produced-Such as a-farnesene in the case of Scalding Intensity and frequency of the phytotoxicity derived from the application which will aid the Scalding processes, as well as the pro of cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) and the association of cinnamic ceSSes of oleocellosis as a response to the generation of toxic aldehyde-eugenol in oranges (Valencia late). substances (Bondoux, P., “Diseases in the preservation of 35 (Time of application: 60 seconds. No. of fruits: three repetitions of three fruits. Temperature 20° C. fruits and vegetables.” INRA, Mundi Prensa, 1994; Method: immersion bath.) Snowdon, A., “Post-harvest. Diseases & Disorders of fruits Frequency % of affected fruit. and vegetables.” Wolfe Scientific, 1990; Tuset, J. J., “Citric Intensity 76 of surface of affected skin. rotting.” Generalitat Valenciana, 1987.) For this reason we Treatment Frequency Intensity consider it fundamental to address the Solving of post 40 harvest pathology in an integrated way, So that the two 20% Cinnamaldehyde 1OO 90 general problems may be handled Simultaneously and coor 15% Cinnamaldehyde, 15% 1OO 90 dinately: the affliction of pathogens and the chemical degen Eugenol eration of the skin. Presently synthesis products have been developed that are 45 On the other hand, the described composition does not efficient against both problems-thiobendazols, benomyl or have any effect on the control of the Scalding or oleocellosis orthophenylphenol for the control of funguses and other processes, and in this last case it even provokes it. pathogens, and phenylamine or ethoxyquin for the control of Maybe these results led this Same author to a later patent Scalding-which however present many toxicity problems with a similar content. The document of American U.S. Pat. for human health, both related to the consumption of the 50 No. 4,978,686 (Sotome, 1987) describes a composition treated products as well as in their application to the fruit or consisting of the association of a cinnamaldehyde and an vegetable. Likewise, none of them Simultaneously and coor antioxidant, but only for use in growing plants-foliar or dinately Solves the two problems included in post-harvest radicular application-and not for post-harvest use. pathology. Likewise, it does not describe any anti-Scalding use or effect Due to all of this, the development of eco-compatible 55 or the control of oleocellosis in citrics. In effect, the intro products, without any type of duction of the antioxidant is only to inhibit the oxidation of Phytotoxicity or decreasing effect in the quality-taste, the cinnamic aldehyde in the means. The introduction of the Smell, color, texture-at efficient doses. antioxidant is not directed toward an action on the plant. Risk for human health, both in immediate consumption of On the other hand, the inclusion of a Surface-active is the treated product as well as in the process of appli 60 aimed only at facilitating the dispersion of the product in cation of the product. water. In fact, the products advised by this author are not With the capacity of controlling coordinately and in a admitted as additives for use in food (Pluronic L-64 and Simultaneous way the problems of pathogenic agent attacks Pluronic P-102). and the problems of chemical degeneration of the skin BeilfuSS et al., in the Canadian patent document CA Scalding and oleocellosis-they undoubtedly are of interest 65 2012,288 describe a composition consisting of a phenol and they constitute a presently unresolved aspect. AS we will (including thymol, eugenol, carvacrol), an alcohol (e.g. of See next, this is the object of the present invention. the phenoxy-ethanol group) and a Surface-active (not US 6,482,455 B1 3 4 described). With a disinfectant effect on the plant (foliar and Dose: between 1-10000 ppm in the application solu ground application) and of Surfaces and rooms. He does not tion. Temperature: between 50–80° C. describe its use on fruit and vegetables in post-harvest Time: between 1 Second and 10 minutes. application. Likewise, he does not describe any anti-Scalding The objects pursued by the composition object of this effect or of oleocellosis control in citrics. invention are reached by means of the following mecha Other patent documents are known which contain Some nisms: essential oil, but their application is focused on an Control of the Affliction of Pathogens insecticide, nematicide,
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