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Cultural Diplomacy of the Czech Republic During the Presidency of the Council Of Cultural Diplomacy of the Czech Republic during the Presidency of the Council of the European Union Thesis by Ján Gajdušek Submitted in Partial fulfillment Of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts In International and Economic Relations State University of New York Empire State College 2013 Reader: Alena Foustková Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4 2. Metodology .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Diplomacy ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Cultural diplomacy .................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Cultural diplomacy and the concept of “Soft Power” ........................................... 12 2.4 Cultural diplomacy as a form of Public diplomacy .............................................. 15 2.5 Cultural diplomacy and the influence of great and small states ............................ 16 3. Czech presidency of the Council of the EU ............................................................ 17 3.1 Main priorities ....................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Cultural perspective of the Presidency .................................................................. 18 4. Institutional background .......................................................................................... 21 4.1 Ministry of foreign affairs ..................................................................................... 22 4.2 Ministry of culture ................................................................................................. 23 4.3 Ministry for regional development........................................................................ 23 4.4 Ministry for industry and trade ............................................................................. 24 4.5 Permanent representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union ............ 24 5. Czech Centers ............................................................................................................ 26 5.1 Activities of Czech Centers during the Presidency ............................................... 27 5.2 Cultural events organized by the Czech Presidency in Brussels and Prague ........ 28 6. Entropa ...................................................................................................................... 28 6.1 Entropa - results from the survey .......................................................................... 30 6.2 Media presentation of Entropa .............................................................................. 31 7. Conducted survey ..................................................................................................... 32 7.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 33 7.2 Conducted results .................................................................................................. 34 7.3 Conclusion of the survey ....................................................................................... 41 8. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 42 9. Attachments ............................................................................................................... 46 Cultural events organized by the Czech Center in Brussels and Prague during the Presidency ................................................................................................................... 46 Questionnaire for the Senior project thesis ................................................................. 52 10. Works cited and Bibliography ............................................................................... 56 Annotated bibliography ............................................................................................... 56 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 57 1 Acknowledgement First and foremost I would like to thank to my family for exceptional support and to my supervisor, Alena Foustková, who has guided and supported me, and provided deep insight into the subject. 2 Abstract This work approaches perspectives of Cultural diplomacy and focuses on this phenomenon by using the Czech Presidency of the European Union in 2009 as the area of research. Despite Cultural diplomacy as a specific part of public diplomacy has not been yet widely covered in the Czech Republic, it plays an important role in the globalized world in terms of international presentation. Aim of this work is to determine the main institutional background and mechanisms that the Czech Republic uses for its cultural presentation abroad. Main tools and options performed by the Czech Ministry of foreign affairs and the Czech government are described, which together with Czech Centers were the main organizers of cultural events that took place in Brussels and the Czech Republic. With help of the theoretical approach and a conducted survey the work tries to answer a question whether the Czech Republic used the opportunity of the Presidency of the European Union in order to present its cultural wealth and organizational skills. 3 “If the culture survives, then so too does the nation” Jan Mládek 1. Introduction This work is concerned with a phenomenon of Cultural diplomacy which has not been yet widely covered in the Czech Republic. I have chosen this topic because of my long interest in visual arts and culture and with this work I wanted to demonstrate importance of the cultural side of international relations and its close connection to diplomatic representation of state. This work therefore approaches the perspective of Cultural diplomacy and highly focuses on this phenomenon by using the Czech Republic as the area of research. One of the most significant diplomatic events of the recent history of the independent Czech Republic has been present during January 1st and June 30th in 2009, when the Czech Republic had a chance to present itself in front of the international community as a country holding the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. This important event has tested the overall diplomatic skills of the Czech Republic and clearly showed its abilities to represent itself politically, diplomatically and culturally. In order to answer these questions I will therefore thoroughly focus on the cultural side of the Czech presidency of the Council of the European Union and the importance of its role in the cultural representation of the country from the perspective and theory of 4 Cultural diplomacy. I will try to determine, what approaches the Czech Republic uses for its cultural representation and how effectively it represents its culture abroad. Concerning the structure of the work, Chapter 2 is focused on the theoretical concept of Cultural diplomacy and its link to theory of Public diplomacy. The concept of Soft power defined by Joseph S. Nye is described as well as differences and roles of large and small states in terms of international cultural presentation. Chapter 3 is focused on the Czech Presidency of the EU, its main priorities and cultural perspectives. Chapter 4 approaches the institutional background of the Presidency. It describes the roles of Czech institutions such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Culture or Ministry of industry and trade concerning the presentation of Czech culture during the Presidency. Programs and priorities together with specific steps and actions of Czech cultural institutions are described as well. Chapter 5 is focused specifically on activities and cultural events organized by Czech Centers which are the main organizational tool of the Ministry of foreign affairs for implementation of Cultural diplomacy in international politics. This part includes the main cultural events which were organized by Czech centers. Chapter 6 is concerned with media presentation of the Presidency and how it was perceived by people. Next chapter focuses on Entropa, the main artistic contribution to the presidency and also the most controversial. This chapter also perceives opinions on Entropa from the survey. Chapter 8 evaluates the presidency as a whole using graphs and official resources from Eurostat. The last chapter of this work presents results of the survey that was conducted in order to get opinions on the overall importance of culture for the official presentation of the state. Also, questions regarding Cultural diplomacy and its function within the European Union. The results of the 5 survey confirm the overall importance of the cultural presentation on the international level. 2. Metodology 2.1 Diplomacy Although this work is concerned with Cultural diplomacy, it is important to define and classify the term Diplomacy. Barston claims that Diplomacy “is concerned with the management of relations between states and between states and other actors” (1). Diplomacy therefore uses dialogue and negotiation in order to pursue interests which are demanded by states. By actors in diplomacy Barston means a wide variety of political as well as non-political entities negotiating in order to reach desired outcomes in international
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