Vol. IV (2016) Vol. Vol. IV (2016) CZECH JOURNAL of CONTEMPORARY HISTORY Michal Kopeček Human Rights between Political Identity and Historical Category (Czechoslovakia and East Central Europe in a Global Context) Daniela Kolenovská Czechoslovakia and the Sino-Soviet Dispute over the International ISTORY Communist Movement (1953–1962) H Michaela Kůželová In between Sympathies and Loyalty The French Communist Party and the Prague Spring Marie Černá Occupation, Friendly Assistance, Devastation The Soviet Army 1968–1991 in the Memory of the Czech People Michal Macháček The Strange Unity Gustáv Husák and Power and Political Fights Inside the Communist Party ONTEMPORARY of Czechoslovakia as Exemplified by the Presidency Issue (1969–1975) C Prague Chronicle: Dušan Janák Life’s Jubilee of Professor Mečislav Borák OURNAL OF OURNAL Book Reviews: (Eva Hahn, Petr Mareš, Dalibor Vácha, Martin Franc) J ZECH C Czech Journal of Contemporary History Guidelines for Contributors 1. 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CZECH JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY Vol. IV (2016) THE INSTITUTE FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY EDITORIAL CIRCLE: Jan Bečka, Kateřina Čapková, Milan Drápala, Kathleen Geaney, Adéla Gjuričová, Michal Kopeček, Vít Smetana, Oldřich Tůma EDITORIAL BOARD: Muriel Blaive, Prague/Vienna Christianne Brenner, Munich Chad Bryant, Chapel Hill (NC) Petr Bugge, Aarhus Mark Cornwall, Southampton Benjamin Frommer, Evanston (IL) Maciej Górny, Warsaw Magdalena Hadjiiski, Strasbourg Milan Hauner, Madison (WI) Vít Hloušek, Brno Adam Hudek, Bratislava Georgyi Kasianov, Kiev Tamás Kende, Budapest Pavel Kolář, Florence Jan Kuklík, Prague Mark Kramer, Cambridge (MA) James Krapfl , Montreal Jan Láníček, Sydney Libora Oates-Indruchová, Olomouc Andrea Orzoff, Las Cruces (NM) Adrian Portman – von Arburg, Brno Vilém Prečan, Prague/Scheinfeld Peter Ruggenthaler, Graz Dušan Segeš, Bratislava Kacper Szulecki, Berlin/Oslo Victoria Vasilenko, Belgorod Kieran Williams, Des Moines (IA) Ella Zadorozhnyuk, Moscow EDITORS: Vít Smetana, Kathleen Geaney Contents Essays and Articles Michal Kopeček Human Rights between Political Identity and Historical Category Czechoslovakia and East Central Europe in a Global Context ..................................................... 5 Daniela Kolenovská Between Two Suns Czechoslovakia and the Sino-Soviet Dispute over the International Communist Movement (1953–1962) ............................................. 19 Michaela Kůželová In between Sympathies and Loyalty The French Communist Party and the Prague Spring ................................................ 49 Marie Černá Occupation, Friendly Assistance, Devastation The Soviet Army, 1968–1991, in the Memory of the Czech People ...................................................... 80 Michal Macháček The Strange Unity Gustáv Husák and Power and Political Fights Inside the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia as Exemplifi ed by the Presidency Issue (1969–1975) ........................ 112 Prague Chronicle Dušan Janák Life’s Jubilee of Professor Mečislav Borák ................ 137 Book Reviews Eva Hahn Germans in Postwar Czechoslovakia A Unique Edition of Documents from the Czech Archives Is Bringing Down Established Legends ........................ 145 Petr Mareš History in the Service of a Story On Igor Lukeš’s Book “On the Edge of the Cold War” .... 167 Dalibor Vácha Refugees of the Greek Civil War in Czechoslovakia and the World Three Books on Similar Themes .................................. 187 Martin Franc The TV, the Self-Service Store and the Superwoman ............................................ 197 Summaries ..................................................................................................... 204 Authors ............................................................................................................ 214 Human Rights between Political Identity and Historical Category Czechoslovakia and East Central Europe in a Global Context Michal Kopeček “The standard of human rights and liberties is the standard of socialism,” asserted two prominent legal theoreticians of the Czechoslovak “normalisation” regime, Jiří Grospič and František Koranda, in their representative book Socialism and Human Rights published in 1980. It seemed absurd to them that “bourgeois politicians and ideologues attempt to present the historically and class-limited concept of the bour- geois rights of an individual as a paragon of human rights.” It was, after all, social- ism which was the fi rst-ever social-political order to eliminate economic and social inequality, thus establishing, for the fi rst time in human history, a society-wide base for “the creation of the fundamental human right – the right to a respectable existence without any exploitation.”1 In historical retrospect this statement may look like a not very successful propagandistic attempt to react to the struggle by dissidents and their Western sponsors for respect for human and civil rights by the socialist regime. Yet this commonplace but misleading reading misses the fact that “human rights talk” had by no means been the exclusive domain of Western liberal democracies for the better part of the Cold War. It is true that universal human rights, the “world-wide secular religion” as Ellie Wiesel called it, had become an inseparable part of Western political vocabulary 1 GROPIČ, Jiří – KORANDA, František: Socialismus a lidská práva [Socialism and Human Rights]. Praha, Svoboda 1980, pp. 10, 15. 6 Czech Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. IV in both domestic and international politics. Moreover, they had become the core of the political identity of all major mainstream political trends in the Western world. This