18 List of contributors
Author: Ke*epa:\>oe ’ocJ*apcH&e>>oe IRepe0*e>4e =aJk4’ocJ*apcH&e>>Z6 =aJR>Z6 Oe>Hp Jens H. Kuhn, MD, ScD, MSc B4pJco:o(44 4 #4oHex>o:o(44 «BekHop» Research Scholar, Division of Tumor Virology, Ke*epa:\>o6 C:J0$Z Bo =a*2opJ&CLepe New England Primate Research Center (NEPRC), 1aV4HZ Apa&AoHpe$4He:e64#:a(oBo:JR4b Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genet- Qe:o&eka ;4>4cHepcH&o 1*pa&ooxpa>e>4b 4 ics, Harvard Medical School (HMS), 1 Pine Hill CoP4a:\>o(oPa2&4H4b (K’I= ’=O B# Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, U.S.A.; «BekHop» PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Scien- Phone: þ1 (508) 786-3326; Fax: þ1 (508) 786- tific Institution – State Research Center for Virol- 3317; Email: fi[email protected]. Member, ogy and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the Federal CBW Scientists Working Group, Center for Arms Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Pro- Control and Non-Proliferation, Washington, D.C., tection and Human Well-being of the Ministry of U.S.A.; Email: [email protected] Health and Social Development of Russia (FSRI SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], Ko:ZPo&o Editor: [Koltsovo], 630559, =o&oc4$4pckab o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; Phone: Charles H. Calisher, PhD þ7 (383) 3366173; Fax: þ7 (383) 3367409; Email: Professor, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases [email protected] Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Im- munology and Pathology, College of Veterinary M. Javad Aman, PhD Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, President and Chief Scientific Officer, Integrated CO 80523, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (970) 491-2987; BioTherapeutics Inc. (IBT), 4539 Metropolitan Fax: þ1 (970) 491-8707; Email: calisher@ Court, Frederick, MD 21704, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 cybersafe.net (301) 644-3910, extension 2120; Fax: þ1(301) 360-3554; Email: javad@integratedbiotherapeutics. Reviewers and Co-editors: com
A(aLoHoB A:ekcaH*p A. Kevin Anderson, PhD [Aleksandr P. Agafonov], PhD Deputy Director, National Biodefense Analysis and 1a&e*J‘V46 9a$opaHop4e6K4:o- 4 Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Science & Ape>a&4pJc>Zx 3>LekP46 [Head of the Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Laboratory of Filo- and Arenavirus Infections], Security, 110 Thomas Johnson Drive, Suite 200, ?H*e:]B4*e<4o:o(44 ?co$ooBac>Zx Frederick, MD, 21702, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1(301) B4pJc>Zx 3>LekP46 [Department of Epidemiol- 682-3819; Fax: þ1 (301) 682-5268; Email: kevin. ogy of Especially Dangerous Viral Infections], [email protected] 350 List of contributors
Daniel G. Bausch, MD, MPH&TM þ44 (20) 7927-2360; Fax: þ44 (20) 7637-4314; Associate Professor, Department of Tropical Email: [email protected] Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-17, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A.: Phone: þ1 (504) Joel G. Breman, MD, DTPH 988-6368; Fax: þ1 (504) 988-60686; Email: Senior Scientific Advisor, Fogarty International [email protected] Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg. 16, Room 214, 16 Center Drive, MSC 6705, Bethesda, MD 20892-6705, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 496-0815; þ Sina Bavari, PhD Fax: 1 (301) 496-8496; Email: [email protected] Chief, Immunology, Target Identification and Trans- lational Research, United States Army Medical Re- Alexander A. Bukreyev, PhD search Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 21702-5011, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 619-4246; (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Build- Fax: þ1 (301) 619-2348; Email: sina.bavari@us. ing 50, Room 6505, 50 South Drive, MSC 8007, army.mil Bethesda, MD 20892-8007, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 594-1854; Fax: þ1 (301) 496-8312; Email: [email protected] #e:aHoB EB(eH4466KK. [Yevgenii F. Belanov], PhD 1a&e*J‘V46 9a$opaHop4e6 M4<4Reck4x A>H4<4kpo$>Zx ApeBapaHo& [Head of the Kartik Chandran, PhD Laboratory of Chemical Antimicrobial Preparations], Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology Ke*epa:\>oe ’ocJ*apcH&e>>oe IRepe0*e>4e and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medi- =aJk4’ocJ*apcH&e>>Z6 =aJR>Z6 Oe>Hp cine of Yeshiva University, 414 Forchheimer Build- B4pJco:o(444#4oHex>o:o(44 «BekHop» ing, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, Ke*epa:\>o6 C:J0$Z Bo =a*2opJ&CLepe U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (718) 430-2664; Fax: þ1 (718) 1aV4HZ Apa&AoHpe$4He:e64#:a(oBo:JR4b 430-8711; Email: [email protected] Qe:o&eka ;4>4cHepcH&o 1*pa&ooxpa>e>4b 4 CoP4a:\>o(oPa2&4H4b (K’I= ’=O B# Robert Colebunders, MD, PhD «BekHop» PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Prins Scientific Institution – State Research Center for Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Virology and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the [Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine] Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer (ITG), Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Rights Protection and Human Well-being of the Phone: þ32 3 821-5256, Fax: þ32 3 825-4785; Ministry of Health and Social Development of Email: [email protected] Russia (FSRI SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], Ko:\Po&o [Koltsovo], 630559, =o&oc4$4pckab o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; Heinz Feldmann, MD, PhD Phone: þ7 (383) 3366459; Fax: þ7 (383) 3366459; Chief, Special Pathogens Program, National Email: [email protected] Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, and Associate Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Matthias Borchert, MD, MSc 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E Clinical Lecturer, London School of Hygiene & 3R2, Canada; Phone: þ1 (204) 789-6019; Fax: Tropical Medicine, ITD=IDEU, Keppel Street, þ1 (204) 789-2140; Email: Heinz_Feldmann@ Room 257, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.; Phone: phac-aspc.gc.ca List of contributors 351
Claude Fauquet, PhD (360) 546-9449; Email: hewlett@vancouver. Director, International Laboratory for Tropical wsu.edu Agricultural Biotechnology (ILTAB), and Mem- ber, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center at the University of Missouri-Columbia, 975 North David L. Heymann, MD Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A.; Assistant Director General, Communicable Dis- Phone: þ1 (314) 587-1241; Fax: þ1 (314) 587- eases, and Special Representative of the Director 1956; Email: [email protected] General for Polio Eradication, World Health Orga- nization (WHO), Avenue Apia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Phone: þ41 (22) 791-2212; Fax: Thomas W. Geisbert, PhD þ41 (22) 791-1571; Email: [email protected] Associate Director, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), and Professor, Department of Microbiology, Boston University Frank Hufert, MD, DTM&H School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, R514, Professor of Virology and Vice Director, Institut Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (617) fu¨r Virologie [Institute of Virology], Bereich 638-4284; Fax: þ1 (617) 638-4286; Email: Humanmedizin [Department of Medicine], Georg- [email protected] August-Universit€aat [Georg August University], Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Go¨ttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany; Phone: þ49 (551) 395872; Fax: Jean-Paul Gonzalez, MD, PhD þ49 (551) 394471; Email: [email protected] Directeur de Recherche [Research Unit Director], UR178 (Conditions et Territoires d’Emergence des Maladies [Fundamentals and Domains of M. Sofi Ibrahim, PhD, MSc Diseases Emergence]), Institut de Recherche Virology Division, United States Army Med- pour le De´veloppement [Institute for Re- ical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases search and Development] (IRD), France, and (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 1–2 [Center for Vector and Vector- 618-8347; Fax: þ1 (301) 619-2290; Email: sofi. Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol Uni- [email protected] versity, Bldg. 1-2], [Salaya] 999, [Phutthamonthon] 4, [Tetsuro Ikegami], DVM, PhD [Nakhonpathom] 73170, [Thailand]; Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Microbiology Phone: þ66 (2) 441-0227; Fax: þ66 (2) 441- & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Brach 0227; Email: [email protected] (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (409) 772- Mark Gorwitz 8172; Fax: þ1 (409) 772-5065; Email: teikegam@ Manager, Defense Technical Information Center utmb.edu (DTIC), Western Regional Office, 483 North Aviation Boulevard, Building 271, El Segundo, Peter B. Jahrling, PhD CA 90245-2808, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (310) 653- Chief Scientist, National Institutes of Health= 3663; Fax: þ1 (310) 653-4114; Email: mark. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Dis- [email protected] eases (NIH=NIAID) Integrated Research Facility (IRF), 1437 Campus Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Barry S. Hewlett, PhD MD 21702, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 451-5130; Professor of Anthropology, Washington State Uni- Fax: þ1 (301) 480-2319; Email: jahrlingp@ versity, Vancouver, WA 98686, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 niaid.nih.gov 352 List of contributors
Barbara Johnson, PhD, RBP Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 President, Biosafety & Biosecurity Consultant, (205) 934-1946; Email: [email protected] Barbara Johnson and Associates, LLC, 1165 Reston Avenue, Herndon, VA 20170, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (703) 444-5028; Email: barbara_ Eric L. Leroy, DVM, PhD [email protected] Directeur de Recherche [Research Unit Director], UR 178, Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppe- ment [Institute for Research and Development], Karl M. Johnson, MD Centre International de Recherche Me´dicale de 10 Calle Final, Placitas, NM 87043, U.S.A.; Phone: Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; þ1 (505) 867-0012; Email: [email protected] Phone: þ241 07850613; Fax þ241 677295; Email: [email protected] KaRkoA::::a B. [Alla V. Kachko], PhD CHapT46 =aJR>Z6 CoHpJ*>4k 9a$opaHop44 Loreen L. Lofts, MS, MT(ASCP) ;o:ekJ:bp>o6 B4pJco:o(44 P=K-B4pJco& Principle Investigator, Research Chemist, United [Senior Researcher in the Laboratory for Molec- States Army Medical Research Institute of Infec- ular Virology of RNA Viruses], Ke*epa:\>oe tious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, ’ocJ*apcH&e>>oe IRepe0*e>4e =aJk4’ocJ*- Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, U.S.A.; apcH&e>>Z6 =aJR>Z6 Oe>HpB4pJco:o(44 Phone: þ1 (301) 619-4780; Fax: þ1 (301) 619- 4#4oHex>o:o(44 «BekHop» Ke*epa:\>o6 4780; Email: [email protected] C:J0$Z Bo =a*2opJ&CLepe 1aV4HZ Apa& AoHpe$4He:e64#:a(oBo:JR4b Qe:o&eka ;4>4cHepcH&o 1*pa&ooxpa>e>4b 4 CoP4a:\- [Shigeru Morikawa], DVM, PhD >o(oPa2&4H4b (K’I= ’=O B# «BekHop» [Chief], [Special Patho- PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Scientific Insti- gens Laboratory of the Department of Virology 1], tution – State Research Center for Virology and [National Institute of Infectious Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the Federal Service Diseases], [Gakuen] 4-7-1, for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection [Musashimurayama], [Tokyo] 208-0011, and Human Well-being of the Ministry of Health [Japan]; Phone: þ81 42-561-0771 Ext. 320; Fax: and Social Development of Russia (FSRI þ81 42-561-2039; Email: [email protected] SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], Ko:\Po&o = & 4$4 k b $: H\ [Koltsovo], 630559, o oc pc a o ac Elke Mu¨hlberger, PhD 4b þ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc [Russia]; Phone: 7 Privatdozent [Assistant Professor], Institut fu¨r Vir- þ (383) 3366438; Fax: 7 (383) 3369572; Email: ologie [Institute of Virology], Philipps-Universit€aat [email protected] Marburg [Philipps University Marburg], Hans- Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg an der Lahn, Philip J. Kranzusch Hesse, Germany; Phone: þ49 (6421) 2864525; Graduate Student, Virology Program, Harvard Fax: þ49 (6421) 2868962; Email: muehlber@ Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, staff.uni-marburg.de MA 02115, U.S.A.; Email: philip_kranzusch@hms. harvard.edu Frederick A. Murphy, DVM, PhD Professor, University of Texas Medical Branch Elliot J. Lefkowitz, PhD (UTMB), Department of Pathology, 301 University Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology; Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, U.S.A.; and Director, Molecular and Genetic Bioinformatics Phone: þ1 (409) 747-2430; Fax: þ1 (409) 747- Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2429; Email: [email protected] List of contributors 353
Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD Oe>HpB4pJco:o(44 4 #4oHex>o:o(44 «BekHop» Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, Depart- Ke*epa:\>o6 C:J0$Z Bo =a*2opJ&CLepe ment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uni- 1aV4HZ Apa&AoHpe$4He:e64#:a(oBo:JR4b versity of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI, PO Box 804, Qe:o&eka ;4>4cHepcH&o 1*pa&ooxpa>e>4b 4 Democratic Republic of the Congo; Phone: þ243 CoP4a:\>o(oPa2&4H4b (K’I= ’=O B# 8989 49 289; Email: [email protected] «BekHop» PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Scientific Institution – State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the HeTe¨coB Cep(e6 B. [Sergei V. Netyosov], PhD, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer DSc Rights Protection and Human Well-being of the Professor, ApopekHop Bo =aJR>o6 Pa$oHe [Vice Ministry of Health and Social Development of Rector (Research)], ’?I BA? «=o&oc4$4pck46 Russia (FSRI SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], ’ocJ*apcH&e>>Z6 I>4&epc4HeH» [GOU VPO Ko:\Po&o [Koltsovo], 630559, =o&oc4$4pckab ‘‘Novosibirsk State University’’], I:4Pa A4po(o&a o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; [Pirogova Street], 2, =o&oc4$4pck [Novosibirsk], Phone: þ7 (383) 3367540; Fax: þ7(383) 630090, =o&oc4$4pckab o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk 3367409; Email: [email protected] Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; Phone: þ7 (383) 330- 22-42; Fax: þ7 (383) 330-22-42; Email: nauka@ nsu.ru Pbb$$R$R44koBaE:eHa 3. [Yelena I. Ryabchikova], PhD, DSc 1a&e*J‘Vab9a$opaHop4e6;4kpockoB4Reck4x 3 : * & >46 Gene G. Olinger, Jr., PhD, MBA cc e o a [Head of the Laboratory for Micro- K * :\> ’ J* H& >> Virology Division, Vector Assessment, Cell & Host scopic Studies], e epa oe oc apc e oe IR 0* >4 = Jk4’ J* H& >>Z6 = JR>Z6 Responses, United States Army Medical Research epe e e a oc apc e a O >H 4 J : (44 4 #4 H x> : (44 kH Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) 1425 e pB p co o o e o o «Be op» K * :\> 6 :J0$Z B = *2 J& L Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702- e epa o C o a op C epe 1 V4HZ A &AH $4H : 64#:( B :JR4b 5011, U.S.A.; Phone: þ1 (301) 619-8581; Fax: þ1 a pa o pe e e a o o Q : & k ;4>4 H H& 1* & x > >4b 4 (301) 619-2290; Email: [email protected] e o e a c epc o pa oo pa e CoP4a:\>o(oPa2&4H4b (K’I= ’=O B# «BekHop» PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Scientific Institution – State Research Center for [Sheli R. Radoshitzky], PhD Virology and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the Research Fellow, United States Army Medical Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Rights Protection and Human Well-being of the (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Ministry of Health and Social Development of þ Frederick, MD 21702-5011, U.S.A.; Phone: 1 Russia (FSRI SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], þ (301) 619-4869; Fax: 1 (301) 619-2348; Email: Ko:\Po&o [Koltsovo], 630559, =o&oc4$4pckab [email protected] o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; Phone: þ7 (383) 3367153; Fax: þ7(383) 3367409; Email: [email protected] Pacca*k4H _p4466 H. [Yurii N. Rassadkin], MD Be*JV46 =aJR>Z6 CoHpJ*>4k Pe(4o>a:\>o6 9a$opaHop44 BoPa$oHecBZcokoBaHo(e>>Z<4 Jean-Franc°ois Saluzzo, PhD SHa<
Cep(eeB A:ekcaH*pH. o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; [Aleksandr N. Sergeyev], PhD Phone: þ7 (383) 3367540; Fax: þ7 (383) 1a&e*J‘V46 ?H*e:o<2B4*e<4o:o(44 ?co$oo- 3367540; Email: [email protected] Bac>Zx B4pJc>Zx 3>LekP46 [Head of the Depart- ment of the Epidemiology of Especially Dangerous K * :\> ’ J* H& >> Viral Infections], e epa oe oc apc e oe Werner Slenczka, MD IR 0* >4 = Jk4’ J* H& >>Z6 = JR>Z6 epe e e a oc apc e a Professor Emeritus, Institut fu¨r Virologie [Institute O >H 4 J : (44 4 #4 H x> : (44 kH e pB p co o o e o o «Be op» of Virology], Philipps-Universit€aatMarburg [Philipps K * :\> 6 :J0$Z B = *2 J& L e epa o C o a op C epe University Marburg], Am Weinberg 19, 35037 1 V4HZ A &AH $4H : 64#:( B :JR4b a pa o pe e e a o o Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany; Phone: Q : & k ;4>4 H H& 1* & x > >4b 4 e o e a c epc o pa oo pa e þ49 (6421) 67602; Email: slenczka-marburg@ P4 :\> ( 2&4H4b K’I= ’=O # Co a o oPa ( B t-online.de «BekHop» PocBoHpe$>a*2opa) [Federal State Scientific Institution – State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ of the k4 : k * Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Copo H A e caH p B. [Aleksandr V. Sorokin], Rights Protection and Human Well-being of the PhD = JR>Z6 H J*>4k 9 $ H 44 ; : Ministry of Health and Social Development of a Co p a opa op o e- kJ:b > 6 4 J : (44 =K 4 J & Russia (FSRI SRCVB ‘‘Vector’’, Rospotrebnadzor)], p o B p co o P -B p co [Research Ko:\Po&o [Koltsovo], 630559, =o&oc4$4pckab Scholar in the Laboratory for Molecular Virology K * :\> ’ J* H& >> o$:acH\ [Novosibirsk Region], Pocc4b [Russia]; of RNA Viruses], e epa oe oc apc e oe IR 0* >4 = Jk4’J* H& >>Z6 Phone: þ7 (383) 3367468; Fax: þ7 (383) 3367468; epe e e a oc apc e = JR>Z6 O >H 4 J : (44 4 #4 H x> : (44 Email: [email protected] a e pB p co o o e o o «BekHop» Ke*epa:\>o6 C:J0$Z Bo =a*2opJ & CLepe 1aV4HZ Apa&AoHpe$4He:e64 #:a(oBo:JR4b Qe:o&eka ;4>4cHepcH&o 1*pa&ooxpa>e>4b 4 CoP4a:\>o(oPa2&4H4b SecToBa:oB A:ekcaH*pM. K’I= ’=O # kH B H $> *2 [Aleksandr M. Shestopalov], PhD ( B «Be op» Poc o pe a opa) 1a&e*J‘V46 Pe(4o>a:\>o69a$opaHop4e6Bo [Federal State Scientific Institution – State Pa$oHecBZcokoBaHo(e>>Z<4 SHa<
[Ayato Takada], DVM, PhD B:a**ZkoA:ekcaH*p C. [Aleksandr S. Vladyko], [Professor], [Department of Glo- DSc bal Epidemiology], PJko&o*4He:\ [Director], ?H*e:#4oHex>o:o(44 [Research Center for Zoonosis Control], 4?co$o ?Bac>Zx 3>LekP46 [Department for [Hokkaido University] [Kita-18], Biotechnology and Especially Dangerous Infections], [Nishi-9], [Kita-ku], [Sapporo] 060-0818, =aJR>o-3cc:e*o&aHe:\ck46 3>cH4HJH ]B4*e- [Japan]; Phone: þ81 11-706-7327; Fax: þ81 <4o:o(444;4kpo$4o:o(44 (=33];)[Sci- 11-706-7310; Email: [email protected] entific-Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology (SRIEM)]; I:4Pa K4:4
Completion of this review would have been im- Sciences, Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk Region, possible had it not been for the support of many Novosibirsk, Russia, helped me tremendously with people who were sufficiently enthusiastic to have the retrieving, archiving, and reviewing of pub- taken their personal and professional time to help lications written in Russian. )opLGaH\b>a me compile it. I express my deepest gratitude to my K>b2e&a [Tatyana Knyazeva Dorfman], New editor and good friend and mentor, Charlie Calisher, England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical to my former thesis advisor, Prof. Helmut Hahn, School, Southborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A., was MD, and to the many reviewers and co-editors for so kind to help with the proofreading of Cyrillic their intellectual input, support, and patience over text passages. Yuki Murakami, a graduate student many years. In addition, I am indebted to the count- at Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, less librarians in Germany, Russia, and the U.S., Massachusetts, U.S.A., assisted me with archiving who had to deal with my persistent and often un- and reviewing Japanese articles. [Richard timely requests for references from rare journals or Wun-Fei Lu], PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital, exotic locations. I particularly appreciate the con- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, tributions of a few individuals who made consider- U.S.A., helped with retrieval of many rare references able efforts to support my research: Academician from local U.S. libraries. [Jennifer Jin-Woo and Prof. Ea>*axR4e&9e&EHeBa>o&4R [Lev Park], MD, MPH, MA, University of Virginia, Stepanovich Sandakhchiev], DSc, PhD (deceased), Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A., and Marshall Federal State-Scientific Institution State Research Kirk (deceased), New England Primate Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology ‘‘Vector’’ Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, of the Ministry of Public Health and Social De- Massachusetts, U.S.A., supported me by editing velopment of the Russian Federation, Koltsovo, earlier drafts of the manuscript. Thomas Postler, a Novosibirsk Region, Russia, was of enormous help German graduate student at the New England Pri- to me by granting me access to ‘‘Vector’s’’ library mate Research Center, helped with proofreading. I and by providing several unpublished progress re- also want to express my deepest gratitude to Silvia ports of research groups at that institute. Associate Schilgerius in Springer’s Editorial and Marketing Prof. James M. Cunningham, PhD, Brigham and Department and to Ursula Seitler, Judith Martiska, Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Franz Schaffer in Springer’s Production Massachusetts, U.S.A., provided crucial unpublished Department. All were incredibly patient over the information on filovirus cell entry. Klaus W. Dressel, years and accommodated even my most unortho- an excellent and now retired interpreter in Berlin, dox wishes regarding the layout, style, and content Germany, and the skilled linguist ’epac4
The references for this text could not be printed (diacritical marks).61 Transliterated author and because of space constraints. Instead, the references journal names are provided for articles with non- are available from an attached electronic text file Latin-based alphabets. and a searchable database on a CD-ROM accom- References marked with a question mark could panying this book. not be obtained by the author. Depending on the The information resources cited are referenced reference, only its title, its abstract, or oral descrip- according to the standards established by Springer tion of its content were available. Therefore, these for its journal Archives of Virology. However, refer- references were grouped with other citations in the ences for this text provide more information than is text depending on the information available to the required for that journal. For instance, the complete author, but this grouping might have been ill- journal names and journal-issue numbers are pro- advised and might have to be corrected in future vided to simplify retrieval of articles, and author’s editions. The references in question are cited as they first names are provided whenever the original were in the primary literature. These citations are publication printed them. The official abbreviations not necessarily correct and are often incomplete. and the publishers of most journals can be found References marked with an asterisk do not pro- in Thomson Scientific’s BIOSIS Serial Sources vide information that has not been covered else- 2001, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, and in where within this review’s text, and therefore they the title index of Index Medicus established by are not cited in the text. This, however, does the U.S. National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, not indicate that these references are unimportant Maryland, USA ([Online.] http:==www.nlm.nih. gov=tsd=serials=lji.html [last accessed Sep. 1, 2007]). 61 There are no universally accepted rules for translitera- English translations of foreign titles are provided tion. A good example is the Russian name ’orbaRo&, which in brackets whenever possible. These translations is transliterated as [Gorbachev] in the U.S., but as are either copies of those provided by electronic [Gorbatschow] in Germany. Similar problems arise when databases or are the author’s translations. Needless the German letters uu,€ €aa, oo,and€ ß are transliterated (correctly: to say, the translations are not necessarily exact. ue, ae, oe, and ss; unfortunately often u, a, o, and b). French author names and article titles are often completely capita- The reader is encouraged to contact the author to lized. Capital letters usually are not written with diacritical point out mistakes. Translations are omitted when marks ( ee, ee, aa!E, E, A). Placing capital letters in lower case an original publication provided an English title. In demands a knowledge of French in order to avoid mistakes. those cases, the provided title was copied and listed Numerous other examples could be listed for other lan- without brackets. The original spellings of author guages. The result of these loose rules is that the same word names, titles, and journal names are provided even is spelled differently depending on when and where a journal published an article, and according to which rules the names if they originated from languages that do not use were transliterated (this is also the reason why the spelling of the Latin alphabet or from languages that use an geographic names in this text might differ from those in extended version of the standard Latin alphabet commonly available maps). 360 Notes about references sources, or that other references were preferred. covery, or reviewed a topic for the first time. In Often it was simply impossible to determine who such cases, the first article available to the author made a certain statement first, made an initial dis- was cited in the text. 21 Index
3T3 (Cell) see NIH 3T3 (Cell) 248–251, 260, 267–269, 273, 274, 297, 298, 301–304, 9=11 see September 11, 2001 319, 335, 337, 342, 343, 345 293T see HEK 293T, Human embryonic kidney (HEK) Acidic 227, 239, 240, 243 1918 H1N1 influenza A virus 51, 58, 108 Acidification 227, 238 Acidosis 102 Acinar cell 122 A AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple A549 (Human lung carcinoma) cell 173, 235, 236 nucleopolyhedrovirus) 9, 333 A6 (Toad) cell 172 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 9, 15 AA-2 cell 173, 226 Acroesthesia 101 AAA-type ATPase 251 Actin 202, 203, 247, 248 AAHL (Australian Animal Health Laboratory) 9, 44 Actinomycin D 175, 190 Abbreviation(s) 9, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 60, 62, 64, 68, Acute promyelocytic leukemia 266 78 Acute-phase protein(s) 111 Abdominal 103, 121, 252 Acute-phase serum=sera 70, 71 Abdominal cavity 114 Acylated=acylation 184, 194, 214, 219, 241 Abdominal pain 79, 103, 106, 107, 115, 118 ADAM (A disintegrin and metalloprotease) 9, 215 Aberrant 179, 256 Adaptive immune response 114, 252, 264 Aberrant particles 139, 175, 179, 247 AdC7 (Chimpanzee adenovirus pan7) 315, 319 Abidjan 95 Adenohypophysis=adenohypophyses 121 Abolo 63, 84 Adenovirus 19, 212, 213, 312, 314–319 Abortive 175 Adherens-type cell junction 259 Abortion 106–108 AdHu5 (Human adenovirus 5) 314, 316–319 Abrasion 252 A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 9, 215 Abrin 51, 54 ADM-1 240 Abstinence 294 Adnexal gland 133 Abumombazi 76 Adolescents 89, 116 Abyssinian grass rat (Arvicanthis abyssinicus)156 ADP 111 Acari, Ixodidae (Hard ticks) 169 Adrenal cell 122 ‘‘Accelerated vaccination’’ 318 Adrenal cortical cell 124, 135, 136, 139, 201, 209 Accident(s) 50, 52, 55, 71, 72, 82, 86, 88, 96, 109, 119, Adrenaline 111 271, 294, 295, 301, 339 Aedes 20–22, 202, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 228 Accidental(ly) 37, 50, 66, 71, 86, 88, 95, 96, 103, 115, 141, Aedes (Aedimorphus)167 252, 265, 271, 295, 296, 301, 329, 335, 339, 340 Aedes (Ochlorotatus) taeniorhynchus 169 Acetic acid 298 Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, Acetone 297 228 Acetylsalicylic acid 335, 337 Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus 166, 169, 172, 228 Achatina (Giant African land snails) 168 Aedes (Stegomyia) pseudoscutellaris 172 Acholi 89, 288 Aeromedical isolation team 296 Acid 9–11, 23, 33, 34, 102, 125, 126, 137, 140, 161, 166, Aerosol(s) see also Aerosolization, Aerosolized, Airborne 169, 177, 185, 191, 194, 197, 199–211, 213, 214, 216– 19, 43, 48, 51, 55–57, 81, 105, 111, 124, 126, 127, 133, 224, 226, 228, 229, 232, 234, 235, 238–243, 245, 246, 141, 285, 297, 310, 329, 331–333, 336 362 Index
Aerosolization see also Aerosol(s), Aerosolized, Airborne AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) 9, 15, 279, 271 285 Aerosolized see also Aerosol(s), Aerosolization, Airborne AIP4 249 56, 105, 111, 285, 336 Air 11, 71, 91, 104, 281, 283–285, 295, 296 AFENET (African Field Epidemiology Network) 9, 75 Airborne see also Aerosol(s), Aerosolized 104, 111, 285, 295 AFHF (African filoviral hemorrhagic fever) throughout Aircraft 281, 284, 286, 296 the text Airline 15, 280, 281 AHF (Argentinian h(a)emorrhagic fever=‘African Air-transit patient isolator 296 hemorrhagic fever’) 9, 78 Ajwaka see also Healer(s), ‘‘Witchdoctors’’ 89 Aflatoxins 54 Aka 145 Africa 16, 17, 20–22, 26, 33, 40–42, 46, 52, 55, 59–62, 64, Akabane virus 51 68, 70, 71, 73, 75, 82, 83, 94, 95, 97, 104, 109, 143, 144, Akamba 147 153, 156–159, 170, 265, 276, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, Akt 212, 235 291–293, 296, 348 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) see Serum glutamic- African brown house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus)168 pyruvic transaminase, SGPT African brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) 161, Alaska 151 162, 164 Albuferon 336 African civet cat (Viverra civetta)68,162 Albumin 110–112, 298, 335, 336 African dormouse (Graphiurus lorraineus)165 Albuminemia 112 African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) 9, 75 Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and 2 51 African filoviral hemorrhagic fever (AFHF) 9, 78 Alcohol intolerance 102 African forest rat (Praomys jacksoni) 164, 166 Alcohol 102, 297 African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys emini)164 Alectorobius 169 African giant squirrel (Protoxerus stangeri)166 Alert plan 287 African great cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)166 Alexander’s bush squirrel (Paraxerus alexandri)165 African green monkey see also Chlorocebus aethiops, Alexander’s Cusimanse (Crossarchus alexandri)163 Chlorocebus cynosurus, Grivet(s), Malbroucks, Tantalus ‘Alpha-Filoviridae’ 24 monkey(s), Vervet monkey(s) 13, 55, 56, 64, 66–69, Alice 61, 62, 92–94 104, 105, 110, 113, 117, 120, 124, 126, 130, 131, 133– Alignment(s) 33, 34, 228–232 135, 141, 154–158, 166, 171–173, 175, 201, 207, 209, Alimentary transmission 155, 161 216, 226, 227, 252, 254, 257, 279, 280, 298, 304, 336, 343 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 9, 101, 220 ‘‘African hemorrhagic fever’’ (AHF) see also AFHF, African Alkhurma isolate=virus see also Alkhumra isolate=virus filoviral hemorrhagic fever 9, 78 22, 43 African horse sickness virus 51 Alkhumra isolate=virus see also Alkhurma isolate=virus African marsh rat (Dasymys incomtus)165 22, 43 African musk shrew (Crocidura poensis)163 Alkylating probe 299 African palm civet (Nandinia binotata)165 All Nippon Airlines 280 African pygmy mouse (Mus minutoides)165 Allen’s swamp monkey (Allenopithecus nigroviridis)163 African straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)163 Allenopithecus nigroviridis (Allen’s swamp monkey) 163 African swine fever virus 19, 51 Alloporus (Millipedes) 168 African tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis) 163, 165 Almpiwar virus 24 African tree rat (Grammomys dolichurus)165 Alopecia 100, 102, 116 African water rat (Colomys goslingi)165 Alouette helicopter 284 African yellow bat (Scotophilus dinganii)165 ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) 9, 101, 102, 112, 113, 117, Afro-American house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia)168 118, 298, Afrotropics 153 Alpha and beta cell 122 Aga Khan Hospital (Kenya) 70, 71 Alphavirus 19, 23, 169 Aga Khan Hospital (Tanzania) 281 ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) see Serum glutamic-pyruvic Agama (Dragon lizards) 162 transaminase, SGPT Aggressive=Aggressiveness=Aggressor 51, 101, 106, 290, Aluminum chloride 297 339 Ambisense 20, 41, 191 Aggressive behavior 106 Amblyomma variegatum (Tropical bont tick) 167 Agile mangabey (Cercocebus agilis)157 Ambomi 63, 84 Agriculture 12, 49, 51, 153 Amenorrhea 102 Agro-Pastoralist 89 American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)168 Index 363
2-Amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrazine 345 Antigenome 180, 182, 184, 194, 225, 242, 243, 252 Amino acid(s) 9, 23, 33, 34, 185, 191, 194, 197, 199–211, Antigen-presenting cell 252 213, 214, 216–224, 228, 229, 240, 241, 245, 246, 248– Anti-inflammatory 208, 257, 335 250, 273, 274, 301–304, 319 Anti-microbial 335 e-Aminocaproic acid 345 Antipyretic 335 Ammon’s horn 128 Antisense 343, 344 Ammonium chloride 202, 238 Antiserum=antisera 236, 336, 206, 302, 336, 339, 340 Amnesia 100 Antiviral response 114, 201, 259, 261 Amphibian 166, 172 Antiviral(s) XIII, 12, 15, 43, 114, 119, 201, 225, 259, 261, Ampijoroa 148 335, 338, 342–345 AMRV (Amur virus) 9, 20 Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) 168, 169 Amsterdam 91 Anuria 107 Amur virus (AMRV) 9, 20 Anuric 103, 106 Amylase 101, 103 Anxiety 14, 106, 118 Anaphylactogenic 338 Aortic aneurysm 252 Ancestor 25, 33, 59, 154, 160, 202, 282, 290 Aortic-aneurysm-associated autoantigenic protein 40 kD Andasibe 148 252 Andok 62, 79, 147, 154 Apallic 100 Andromeda strain 78 Ape(s) 10, 17, 83, 85, 86, 95, 155, 158, 159, 268, 293, 334 Anemia 70, 109, 111, 117 Aphid 168 Angiography 103 Apical budding 253 Angola (MARV-Angola) 31 Apidae (Honey bees) 169 Angola 13, 26, 31, 34, 64, 74, 75, 97, 99, 104, 119, 141, Apocrine gland 133 153, 159, 163, 165, 179, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, 217– Apoptosis 9, 11, 12, 119, 136, 140, 141, 212, 215, 254, 219, 224, 229, 230, 268–270, 291, 327, 328, 337 255, 256, 258, 259 Angola free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus)163,165 Apoptotic bodies 225 Angola isolates 26, 141, 179, 224 Appetite 105, 106, 118 Anisocytosis 106 Aqueous tap 103 Anoikis 212 Arabian Peninsula 281 Anomalurus derbianus (Lord Derby’s scaly-tailed squirrel) Arachnid 161, 162 164, 165 ‘Arbovirus (tubulo-)hamatum’ see also Lake Victoria Anopheles 20,167,169 marburg virus, MARV 23 Anopheles (Cellia) 20, 167, 169 Arbovirus(es) 19, 23, 168, 265 Anopheles (Cellia) gambiae 20, 169 Arenaviridae 19, 20, 41, 342 Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi 169 Arenavirus 19, 20, 41 Anopheles(Cellia) longipalpis 167 Arenavirus 78 Anorexic 110, 112, 115 Argasid 169 Anorexia 103, 104, 106, 107, 117, 118 Argasidae 169 Ansorge’s free-tailed bat (Chaerephon ansorgei)165 Argentinian (Junı´n) h(a)emorrhagic fever (AHF) 9, 20, 41, Antananarivo 148 78 Antelope 76, 82, 83 Arid woodland 153 Antennary 216 Ark 236 Anthrax 266, 324 Armed conflict 282 Anthropological 85, 288, 289 Armed resistance 288 Anthropologist 287–289 Army 1, 2, 12, 26, 27, 47, 49, 50, 56, 86, 201, 281, 284 Anthropology 292 Art=Artist=Artistic 14, 288, 293 Antibiotic 335, 337 Arterioles 123, 127 Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection 236, 303, Arteriviridae 19, 91 340 Arterivirus 19, 91 Antibody-phage indicator assay 170, 275 Arthralgia 103, 106–109 Anticoagulant 11, 337 Arthropod 19, 49, 68, 69 164, 166–170 Antigen(s) throughout the text Artifact 144, 209, 211, 318 Antigen-capture ELISA 267, 272–274 Artificial large unilamellar vesicle 240 Antigenemia 116 Artiodactyla 163, 165 Antigenicity 143, 211, 216, 297, 318 Arvicanthis abyssinicus (Abyssinian grass rat) 156 364 Index
Asfarviridae 19 B Asfivirus 19 BaAka 146 Asialofetuin 234, 235 Baby hamster kidney (BHK) 9, 166, 171, 226 Asialoglycoprotein receptor 234, 235 Bacillus anthracis 15, 43, 51–54, 57, 310, 311, 317, 324 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) see Serum glutamic- Bacteremic 103 oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT Baculoviridae 333 Assassin bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) 169 Baden-Wuurttemberg€ 64 = Assembly Assembled 58, 77, 197, 204, 220, 221, 242, Baer’s wood mouse (Hylomyscus carillus)165 283, 290, 345 Bafilomycin A1 238 AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) see Serum glutamic- Bak 255 oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT Bakola 85, 289 Asthenia 102, 107, 108 BALB=3T3 clone A31 (Mouse embryo fibroblast) 343 Astrocyte 122, 128, 227 BALB=c(Mouse=mice) throughout the text Astrocytic footplates 128 BALB=c mouse-adapted 27, 28, 86, 113–115, 138, 179, Astrogliosis 128 183, 186–189, 205, 210, 213–215, 222, 223, 261, 296, Aswa County 88 313, 315, 326, 328 Asymmetrical 108 Bamboo poles 284 ATB 298 Bambouti 145 = = Atelectases Atelectasis Atelectatic 134, 139, 140 Bamingui-Bangoran District 166 Athens 60, 96 Banana bat (Pipistrellus nanus) 163, 165 Atherurus africanus (Brush-tailed porcupine) 161, 162, Banda 145, 146 164 Banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)165 Atibar Parish 88 Bandundu Region 80, 81 Atlanta 2, 47, 49, 50, 59, 73, 283, 287, 296, 347, 348 Bangassou 145 ATPase 238, 250, 251 Bangui 150, 151 = Atrophy Atrophic 101, 102, 109, 125, 138 Banner 290 Atropine 109 Bantus 144 Attenuated 65, 86, 104, 182, 211, 260, 305, 328, 333, 337 BAPTA=AM 245 Attenuation 111, 333 Baptist 286 Audio material 292 Barbados 156, 280 Aum Shinrikyo 57 Barrier function 208 Auscultation 107 Barrier nursing 97, 281, 282, 284, 285, 288, 290, 292, 293, Australia 9, 16, 40, 43, 44, 52, 54, 68, 102, 160, 281, 295 296 Bartonella quintana 54 Australia Group 16, 52, 54 Bartonellosis 266 Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) 9, 44 Basel 62, 95 Australian bat lyssavirus 160 Basement membrane 131, 253 Austria 52, 168, 281 Basolateral=basolaterally 218, 234, 253 Austria agallia see also Leafhopper 168 Basophilic inclusion bodies 171 Austrian 281 Bassa 148 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Bat(s) 68, 73, 75, 86, 159–163, 165–168, 172, 226, 228, (AcMNPV) 9, 330, 331, 333 236 Autoimmune 252, 259 Bat lung fibroblast 172 Autophagosomal 178 Bavaria 67 Autophosphorylation 196 Bay duiker 162 = = Autopsy autopsies see also Necropsy necropsies, Post Bayesian inference 34 mortem 71, 78, 121, 140, 257, 291 B cell 112, 116, 141, 234, 254, 255, 262, 302, 305, 319 Avian 24, 51, 213, 218, 228 Bcl-2 255, 256 Avian leukosis virus 213 ‘Bedsonia’ 171 Avian metapneumovirus 24 ‘Beta-Filoviridae’ 25 Avian sarcoma virus 213 Beetles (Coleoptera) 169 Avulavirus 24 Behringwerke AG 64, 66 Axis 175, 178 Beige 114, 204 Axl 236 Beitbridge 68 Azande 90, 290 Belarus 44, 144 Index 365
Belgian 10, 54, 55, 283 Biosecurity 16, 40, 50, 58, 263 Belgian Congo see Democratic Republic of the Congo, Biosecurity Level 4 40 DRC, Zaire Biosphere Reserve 95 Belgian Fonds M eedical Tropical (FOMETRO) 10, 283 Biosurety 16, 50, 58 Belgrade 13, 20, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 102, 154 Bioterrorism 50, 56–58 Belief 40, 162, 279, 282, 286–290, 292, 293, 295 Bioterrorism Risk Assessment(s) 58 Bell’s hinged-back tortoise (Kinixys belliana)168 Biowarfare see also Biological warfare 50 Bengo (Province) 75 Bioweapon see also Biological weapon 16, 48, 53, 55, 56, Benin 144 297, 325 Benue 148 BiP 213 Berbera 151 Bird 70, 158, 161, 166, 67, 159, 160, 163, 165, 167 Berlin 49, 95, 296, 349 Bispecific mAb 340 Bernhard Nocht Institute for Maritime and Tropical Biting flies 68 Diseases 283 Bitter cola plant (Garcinia kola)338 Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine 45, 283 Bivalent 324 Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fuur€ Schiffs- und Tropenkrankheiten Black colobus (Colobus satanas)162 283 Black Death see also Plague, Yersinia pestis 96 Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fuur€ Tropenmedizin (BNI) 9, 45 Black mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus)165 Bewitch 286 Black-backed duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis)155 Bfl-1 255 Black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas)165 BGM (African green monkey kidney) cell 172, 226 Black-casqued hornbill (Ceratogymna atrata)163 BH30sucMan (Boltorn hyperbranched dendritic polymers) Black-cheeked white-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus 234, 341 ascanius schmidti)156 BHK (Baby hamster kidney) 9, 166, 171–173, 226, 227 Black-headed weaver bird (Ploceus cucullatus)70 BHK-21 171, 172, 226 Bladder 102, 114, 121, 124, 132–134, 136, 137, 139, 140 Biberach 60, 64, 67 Blastogenesis 211 Big-eared swamp rat (Malacomys lukolelae)165 Bleb 217 Bik 255 Bleeding see also Hemorrhage, Hemorrhaging 19, 74, 96, Bile 110, 122, 125, 131, 133 101–103, 106–108, 112, 114, 121, 130, 268, 294 Bile duct 122, 125 Blindness see also Loss of vision 15, 108, 109 Biliary 122, 125 Blood clot 110, 124, 337 Bilirubin 101, 102, 110–112, 115, 118, 298 Blood engorgement 257 Bini free-tailed bat (Myopterus whitleyi)165 Blood loss 107, 257, 335 Bioavailability 336, 342 Blood product 297 Bioco Island 150, 151 Bloodsucker 289 Biocontainment suite see also Maximum-containment clinic, Bloodsucking 161 Maximum-containment clinical ward, ‘‘Slammer’’ 86 Blood urea nitrogen 112, 113, 115, 117, 118 Biocontainment Unit 296 Blood volume 335 Biocrimes 50, 57 Blood-vessel impairment 257 Biodefense see also Biological defense 11, 16, 18, 47, 49, Bloody stool(s) see also Melena 107 58, 301, 348 Blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) 83, 161–163, 165 Biological crimes see Biocrimes Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)156 Biological defense see also Biodefense 16, 82 Bluetongue 51 Biological safety cabinet (BSC) 9, 48 BNI (Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fuur€ Tropenmedizin) 9, 45 Biological terrorism see Bioterrorism Body bag 77, 290 Biological warfare see also Biowarfare 16, 53, 56 Body part 290, 293 Biological weapon see also Bioweapon 15, 16, 47, 50, 52– Bolisa 162 57, 71, 301 Bolivian (Machupo) h(a)emorrhagic fever 20, 41 Biopsy=biopsies 71, 96, 102, 109, 117, 276, 101, 221 Boltorn hyperbranched dendritic polymers (BH30sucMan) ‘‘Biopreparat’’ 56 234, 341 Biosafety 9, 10, 15, 16, 37, 38, 40, 43, 49, 50, 58, 159, 263, Bondama 164 265, 273 Bonduni 29, 61, 78 Biosafety level (BSL) 9, 10, 40, 43, 49, 273 Bone marrow 101, 126, 133, 136, 138, 305, 340 Biosafety Level (BSL-)4 9, 38, 40, 43, 49 Bong County 148 Biosafety protocol 49, 50, 265 Bong Town 148 366 Index
Boniface (SEBOV-Bon) 9, 27, 28, 33, 60, 141, 179 Bunyaviridae 19, 20, 41, 342 Bonobo (Pan paniscus, Pygmy chimpanzee) 165 Buoyant density 175, 197 Boophilus decoloratus 167 Burial practice 284 Boou e 82, 109, 154, 287 Burkholderia mallei 51–54 Border 13, 78, 79, 83, 88, 90, 95, 145, 170, 282, 284, 285, Burkholderia pseudomallei 51, 52, 54 287, 289, 290 Burma (Myanmar) 280 Borna disease virus 24, 202 Burundi 153 Bornaviridae 23, 24, 202 Bush duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia)165 Bornavirus 24, 202 Bush meat see also Monkey meat 154, 293 Boston University 49, 347 Bush pig(s) (Potamochoerus porcus) 79, 162 Botulinum toxin 51, 53, 54, 324 Bush squirrels (Paraxerus) 164, 165 Botulism 324 Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)165 Bou eee 205 Bystander apoptosis 255 Bou eee-96 (ZEBOV-Bou eee-96) 28 Bystander lymphocyte 136, 140 Bovid 228 Bovine ephemeral fever virus 24 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion 51 Bowabi 60, 61, 78 C Bowman capsule 127 C1 236, 304 Boyabo Libenge 150 C1q 236, 304 ‘Bracorhabdovirus’ 24 C3H mice 227 Bradycardia 100, 115 C57BL=6 114, 227, 262, 302, 305, 308, 312, 315, 318, Brain 48, 96, 105, 121–126, 128, 132, 133, 136, 138, 139, 319, 321–325, 341, 344 223, 336 C6=36 cell 166, 228 ‘‘Brain drain’’ 48 C8166 cell 172, 173, 227, 232 ‘‘Brazilian haemorrhagic fever’’ 20, 41 ‘‘C. aethiops johnstonii’’ 156 Brazzaville District 50 b-Catenin 259 Brefeldin A 213 Cabinda (Province) 75 BR mice 302, 319 Cadaver 121, 128, 130, 138, 139 Bromelain 226 Cadherin 213, 259 Bronchioles 127 Cadherin=catenin complex 259 Bronx 155 cAdVax 315, 319 Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)167 cAdVax(fus) 316, 317, 319 Brt 236 cAdVaxM 316, 317, 319 Britain see U.K. cAdVaxM(ci) 318 British 14, 22, 43, 115, 296, 336 cAdVaxM(mu) 318 Brucellae 52 cAdVaxM(ra) 318 Brucella melitensis 51, 53, 54 Cairo 47, 66 Brunner’s gland 134, 136 Calcification 128 Brush-furred rats (Lophuromys) 162, 164, 165 Calcium 111, 233, 234, 240, 241, 245, 254, 288, 298, Brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) 161, 162, 164 337 BSC (Biological safety cabinet) 9, 48 Calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP) 9 BSL (Biosafety level) 9, 40, 43, 47, 48, 296 Caliciviridae 19 BSR T7=5cell 182 Caliciviruses 52 BTI-TN-5B1-4 cell 216 California encephalitis virus 52 Bubble 296 Calmodulin 9, 196, 245 Budding throughout the text Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) 9, 196 Buffalo aircraft 284 Calomys (Vesper mouse) 20, 41, 172 Bufo regularis (Panther toad) 168 Camelid 271 Bulawayo 68 Camelpox virus 51 Bulletin 285 Cameroon 79, 144, 150, 151, 153, 157, 161–164 Bumba 75, 76, 162, 284 CaMKII (Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) 9, 196 Bundibugyo District 64, 86 Camp Detrick see Fort Detrick Bungatira Subcounty 88 Camp-fire talk 285 Bungoma 70 Campus de Botucatu 44 Index 367
Campylobacter jejuni 52 Caveolin-1 235 Campylobacteriosis 266 CBHF (‘‘Cercopithecus-borne hemorrhagic fever’’) see also CAMR (Centre for Applied Microbiological Research) 9 Marburgvirus disease, MVD 9, 67 Canada 14, 17, 40, 44, 265, 280, 281, 347 C-c3Ado (Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine=3- Canadian 14, 27, 44 deazaaristeromycin) 9, 343 Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health CCHFV (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) 9, 21, 44 41 Candidate vaccine 182, 304–306, 308, 310, 312–314, CCID (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases) 9, 47, 316–320, 322, 324–326, 328–330, 332–334 347, 348 ‘‘Candidatus Liberobacter africanus’’ 51 CCMB (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology) 9, 49 ‘‘Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus’’ 51 CCR5 252, 312 Candidiasis 19, 266 CCR7 307 Canid 228 CD1a 252 Canis aureus (Golden jackal) 165 CD11b 254 Canis domesticus (Dog) 163 CD11c 252 Canis mesomelas (Black-backed jackal) 165 CD123 254 Canopy 158, 166 CD14 252, 312 Capillaropathy 19 CD16 255 Capped 156, 157, 190, 225, 241, CD16b 207 Capping 190, 241, 343 CD18 254 Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (3-deazaaristeromycin, C- CD20 254, 255, 318 c3Ado) 9, 343 CD209 (DC-SIGN, Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing Carcinogen 271, 298 non-integrin) 233 Carcinoma 101, 173, 199, 210, 226, 235 CD3 255,256,318 Cardiac decompensation 103 CD35 (Complement receptor type 1) 252 Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell 212 CD4 112, 141, 215, 233, 252, 254, 255, 262, 302, 304, 305, Cardiomyocyte 140, 228 307, 344 Cardiorespiratory arrest 103 CD40 252, 307 Case-fatality=Case-fatality rate 15, 40, 51, 60, 62, 64, 73, CD40L 257 78, 79, 81–83, 85, 86, 89, 97, 108, 115, 127, 161, 179, 283 CD45 254 Case identification 279, 282 CD45RA 252 Case management 279 CD62L 254 Case number 59, 65, 73, 74, 86, 88, 283, 290 CD67 254 Caseation 124 CD80 252, 307 Casein kinase 218 CD83 252, 307 Casein kinase II (CKII) 9, 196 CD86 252, 307 Casinycteris argynnis (Short-palated fruit bat) 160, 165 CD96 (TACTILE) 252 Caspase 3 258 CDC (Centers for Disease Control (and Prevention)) 9, Caspase 8 258 47–50, 59, 73, 75, 77, 88, 90, 92, 93, 100, 123, 129, Cassava 285 178, 280, 282, 283, 285, 287, 295, 347, 348 Cat (Cathepsin gene) 9, 238 Cdc242 248 CatB 238 cDNA clone 26, 31, 57, 58, 182, 203, 213, 221, 222, 229, CatL 238 241, 242, 244, 248, 263, 328 CAT (Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) 9, 243, 244 Ceca 130, 133, 137 Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)167 CeHV-1 (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) 9, 42 Cathepsin 9, 238–240, 302 Cell culture throughout the text Cathepsin B 238, 239 Cell death 194, 205, 212 Cathepsin B inhibitor 238 Cell junction 253, 259 Cathepsin B=L inhibitor 238 Cell rounding 212 Cathepsin gene (Cat)9,238 Cell(s) throughout the text Cathepsin L 238, 239 Cell tropism 226, 227, 263 Catholic Relief Services 285 Cellia 20, 167, 169 Cattle 68, 144, 145, 148, 165 Cellular adhesion molecule 10, 259, 336 CAV-1 235 Cellular-inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (cIAP) 9, 255 Caveolae 235 CEM cell 173, 226, 227, 235 368 Index
Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Cerebellar 122 47, 348 Cerebral edema 335 Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP) Cerebral 100, 122, 128 9, 64 Ceremony=ceremonies 288, 293 Center of Special Laboratory Diagnostics and Treatment of Ceroid 126 Especially Dangerous and Exotic Infectious Diseases Cervix 109, 226 (TsSDL) 12, 45 Ceylon Zoo 67 Centers for Disease Control (and Prevention) (CDC) 2, 9, Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus)157 47, 49, 347, 348 Chad 150 Central African Republic 78, 145, 146, 150, 151, 156, 166, Chaerephon ansorgei (Ansorge’s free-tailed bat) 165 167 Chaerephon major (Lapped-eared free-tailed bat) 163 Central America 151 Chaerephon pumila (Little free-tailed bat) 159, 165 Central chimpanzee(s) (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)79, Chain binomial model 286 154, 158, 161 Chains of transmission see also Transmission chain 73 Central nervous system (CNS) 9 Chalinolobus (Wattled bats) 163 Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) 9, 44, 46 Channeling effect 159 Centro de Investigacioon en Sanidad Animal (CISA) 9, 46 Chaperone 213 Centre de Sant eedeM eekambo 83 ‘Chapare virus’ 20, 43 Centre for Applied Microbiological Research (CAMR) 9 Charcoal dealer 80 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) 9, 49 Charles River Primates 280 Centre Hospitalier de Libreville 84 Charming thicket rat (Thamnomys venustus)166 Centre Hospitalier R eegional de Franceville 84 Checkered elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon cirnei)163 Centre International du Recherche M eedicales de Franceville Chelicerates 168 (CIRMF) 9, 44, 289 Chemical modification 180, 344, 345 Cephalin time 101 Chemoattractant 214 Cephalophus dorsalis (Black-backed duiker) 83 Chemosis 109 Cephalophus monticola (Blue duiker) 83, 162, 163, 165 Chest pain 103, 106, 107, 115 Ceratogymna atrata (Black-casqued hornbill) 163 Chick embryo cell 244 Ceratopogonidae 169 Chicken 51, 171, 198, 228, 339 Cercocebus galeritus (Tana River mangabey) 156, 163 Chief cell 133, 134 Cercocebus torquatus (Red-capped mangabey) 156, 157 Chief medical officer 73 Cercopis vulnerata see also Leafhopper 169 Chikungunya fever 266 Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 42 Chikungunya virus 19, 52, 54, 160, 265 Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (CeHV-1) 9, 42, 51 Children 12, 14, 70, 82, 85, 89, 109, 116, 144–146, 149, Cercopithecine kidney cell 171 150, 157, 286 Cercopithecus 84, 161 Chimeric 212, 243, 244, 307, 316, 317, 319, 337 ‘Cercopithecus aethiops’ see also African green monkey, Chimpanzee adenovirus pan7 (AdC7) 319 Chlorocebus aethiops, Chlorocebus cynosurus,Grivet(s), Chimpanzee(s) (Pan troglodytes) throughout the text Malbroucks, Tantalus monkey(s), Vervet monkey(s) 64 China 156, 280 Cercopithecus ascanius (Redtail monkey) 162, 163, 165 Chinchilla rabbit(s) 115 Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti (Black-cheeked white- Chinese Academy of Sciences 49 nosed monkey) 156 Chiromantis xerampelina (Foam-nest tree frog) 168 ‘‘Cercopithecus borne haemorrhagic fever (CBHF)’’ see also Chiweshe 70, 149 Marburgvirus disease, MVD 67 Chlamydiales 171 Cercopithecus cephus (Moustached monkey) 157, 162 Chlamydophila psittaci 52, 54 Cercopithecus erythotis (Red-eared guenon) 157 Chloramine B 298 Cercopithecus mitis (Blue monkey) 156 Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) 2, 243 Cercopithecus mona (Mona monkey) 156, 157 Chloride ion 240 Cercopithecus neglectus (DeBrazza’s monkey) 156, 157, Chlorocebus aethiops see also African green monkey 13, 162, 164 64,120,135,156 Cercopithecus nictitans (Greater white-nosed monkey) 85, Chlorocebus cynosurus see also African green monkey 64 156, 157, 162, 164, 165 Chlorocebus sabaeus (Green monkey) 156 Cercopithecus pogonias (Crowned monkey) 157, 162, 164 Chlorocebus tantalus (Tantalus monkey) 157 Cercopithecus preusii (Preuss’s monkey) 157 Chloroform 297 Cerebella 122, 126, 128 Chloroquine 59, 238, 335 Index 369
Chlorotalpa leucorhina (Congo golden mole) 165 Clotting factor 101, 105, 111, 258, 335 Chlorpromazine 238 Clotting factor III see also Tissue factor, Tissue CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell 172, 173, 227 thromboplastin 105, 258 Chobe Region 144 Clotting factor VII 105, 258 Cholangitis 133 Clotting factor VIIa 258 Cholera toxin 54 Clotting factor VIII 105, 258 Cholera 54, 95 Club 176 Cholestasis 126, 138 Cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 Cholesterol 205, 235, 251 C-mannosylation 206, 208 Cholesterol-sequestering 235 CMH (Cynomolgus macaque heart) cell 9, 171, 226 Cholesterol-trafficking inhibitor (U18666A) 205 CNS (Central nervous system) 9, 106, 115, 118, 128, 138, Choroid plexus 133, 138 173 Choroiditis 109 60Co 298 Chromatography 216, 338 Coagulation 114,115,118,125,257,258,337 Church 285, 289, 290 Coagulation cascade 251 Chymotrypsin 210 Coagulation disorder 134, 259, 335 Ci67 (MARV-Ci67) 26, 31, 34, 56, 179 Coagulative necrosis 123, 131 cIAP (Cellular-inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein) 9, 255, 258 Coagulopathy see also DIC, Disseminated intravascular Cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) 169 coagulation 101, 111, 140, 256, 257 CIDRAP (Center for Infectious Disease Research & Coccidioides immitis 51, 54 Policy) 9, 64 Coccidioides posadasii 51, 54 CIEBOV (Coote^ d’Ivoire ebolavirus) 9, 13, 21, 28, 34, 36, Cockroach(es) (Dictyoptera) 168, 169 39, 42, 62, 95, 99, 118–121, 140, 154, 158, 159, 170, 180, Codes of conduct 58 190, 208, 210, 212–215, 229, 232, 233, 236, 239, 241, Codon 25, 185, 190, 199, 201, 209, 216, 217, 221 268, 272–275, 281, 304, 317 Co-expression 199, 203, 218, 219, 221, 234, 238, 245–247, CIEBOV-CI (ICI, CI-94) 28, 62, 180, 190, 210, 213–215, 249, 260, 305 229, 232, 234, 236, 263, 274, 317 Cofactor 184, 194, 201, 233, 235, 242 Cimex hemipterus (Tropical bedbug) 162, 167 Coffin 293 CIP (Calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase) 9, 220 Coiled-coil 197, 200, 242, 342 CIRE 233 Coil-helix transition 241 CIRMF (Centre International du Recherches M eedical de Co-immunoprecipitation 199, 203 Franceville) 9, 44, 155, 289 Co-infection 81, 138 Cirrhosis 122 Colchicine 237 CISA (Centro de Investigacioon en Sanidad Animal) 9, 46 Coleoptera (Beetles) 169 Cis-acting signal 180 Collagen 111, 130, 132 Civet cat 68, 162 Collagenase 175, 226 Civettictis civetta see African civet, Viverra civetta Colliquative necrosis 128 Civil war see also Military conflict 16, 73 Colloidal silver 297 CKII (Casein kinase) 9, 196 Colobus guereza (Guereza) 156, 157, 162 CL (Containment level) 9, 40 Colomys goslingi (African water rat) 165 Class 4 15, 16, 40, 41, 43, 58 Colon 130, 132, 133, 137, 210 Classical swine fever virus 51 Colonial history 282 Clathrin 237, 238 Colorado tick fever virus 19 Cleansing 285 Coltivirus 19 Climbing mice (Dendromus)165 Columba livia (Common pigeon) 168 Clinical definition 99, 103 Coma 100, 117 Clinical presentation see also Clinical picture 78, 99, 102– Comatose 122 104, 106–109, 115–118, 164, 340 Combinatorial treatment 345, 346 Clinical picture see also Clinical presentation 19, 103, 104, Commission M eedicale Internationale Pour l’EEtude de la 115–117 Nouvelle Fi eevre H eemorragique au Zaı¨re 77, 283 Clostridium botulinum 51–54 Common pigeon (Columba livia)168 Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin 52 Common reed frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus)168 Clostridium perfringens 52, 54 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Clotting 101, 105, 111, 258, 335, 337 Organization (CSIRO) 9, 44 Clotting cascade 258 Communication 59, 279, 282, 284, 287, 290–292 370 Index
Complement 105, 111, 112, 156, 207, 208, 236, 252, 255, Cords of Billroth 136 256, 261, 275, 291, 304, 313, 336, 340, 343, 344 Corneal perforation 108 Complement component C1 236, 304 Corpus callosum 227 Complement fixation 156 Corruption 282, 286 Complement receptor 3 207, 208 Cortex=cortices 127, 128, 131, 173, 226, 122, 132–134, Complement receptor type 1 see also CD35 252 136, 139, 255 Complement-binding assay 275 Corticosteroid 335, 337 Complement-fixing 105, 275 Cortisol 257 Con-A 215 Corvus albus (Pied crow) 70 Concentrated 43, 48, 51, 57 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 53 Condolence 293 Corythaeola cristata (Great blue turaco) 163 Condom 288 COS-7cell 216,234,235 Conference 16, 17, 50, 53, 56, 73, 117, 182, 208, 221, 227, Costimulatory molecule 252 236, 270, 285, 291, 334 Coote^ d’Ivoire (CIEBOV-CI) 28, 62 Conflict 73, 97, 119, 153, 282, 304 Coote^ d’Ivoire 33, 34, 40, 57, 62, 65, 94, 95, 99, 118, 140, Confused 265, 286 146, 153, 154, 158, 167, 169, 265 Confusion 1, 34, 100, 106, 108, 109, 118, 264, 303 Coote^ d’Ivoire ebolavirus (CIEBOV) 9, 13, 18, 21, 32, 33, Congested 103, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134, 36, 39, 42, 62, 65, 78, 94, 95, 99, 118, 140 137, 138, 140 Coote^ d’Ivoire ebolavirus 21, 33, 39, 42 Congestion 132, 136 ‘Coote^ d’Ivoire Ebola virus’ see also CIEBOV, Coote^ d’Ivoire Congestive insufficiency 102 ebolavirus,Coote^ d’Ivoire ebolavirus 34 Congo (Brazzaville) throughout the text Coote^ d’Ivoire ebola virus disease see also Ebolavirus Congo (Kinshasa) see Democratic Republic of the Congo, disease 13, 18, 21, 33, 36, 39, 42 DRC, Zaire Co-transcriptional editing 40, 207, 209, 213, 215, 216 Congo (L eeopoldville) see Democratic Republic of the Cotton factory 86, 88, 149, 159 Congo, DRC, Zaire Cotton wool 297 Congo golden mole (Chlorotalpa leucorhina)165 Cough 102, 103, 106, 107, 115, 117 Congo River (Zaire River) 23 Councilman-like bodies 126, 178 Congregation des S urs des Pauvres de Bergame 80 Countermagic 290 Conjunctiva 100, 101, 103, 107, 137, 140 Countermeasures 11, 18, 40, 49, 56, 282 Conjunctival exposure 99, 132 County Coordination Committee 290 Conjunctival injection 103, 107, 108, 110 Coxiella burnetii 51–54 Connective tissue 122, 131, 132, 134, 138 CPE (Cytopathic effect(s)) 9, 106, 171, 172, 173, 226, 242, Conotoxins 51, 54 243, 274, 297, 342 Conservation et utilisation rationelle des ECOsyst eemes CPHL (Central Public Health Laboratory) 9, 46 Forestiers d’Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC) 9, 155 Crab 169 Constipation 100, 107, 118 Cramping 106 Contagious=contagiousness see also Transmissibility 15, Cramps 103 38, 57, 78, 97, 282, 292, 294, 295, 297 Crashing 14 Containment throughout the text C-reactive protein 112, 298 Containment aircraft-transit isolator 281 Creatine kinase 101, 117, 118 Containment level (CL) 9, 40, 43, 49 Creatinine 101, 102, 110, 111–113, 117, 118, 298 Contingency plan 281, 286 Crested genet (Genetta servalina)165 Convalescent 66, 70, 100, 102, 103, 109, 116, 236, 265, Crested porcupine(s) (Hystrix cristata)84 275, 287, 290, 293, 303, 304, 338, 340 Crevicular fluid 268 Convalescent serum=sera 66,236,304,338 Cricetomys emini (African giant pouched rat) 164 Convertase 210, 211 Cricetomys gambianus (Gambian rat) 165 Convulsions 106–108 Crichton, Michael 78 Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases (CCID) 9, 47, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever 21, 41 347, 348 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) 9, 21, Copyback-type 243 41, 51, 52, 19 Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia)167 Cristae 178 Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) annettia 167 Crocidura (Shrews) 165 Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) metallica 167 Crocidura denti (Dent’s shrew) 165 Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) microannulata 167 Crocidura hirta (Lesser red musk screw) 165 Index 371
Crocidura olivieri (Olivier’s shrew) 165 CV-7 (African green monkey kidney) cell 172, 226 Crocidura parvipes (Small-footed shrew) 165 CV-N (Cyanovirin-N) 9, 342 Crocidura poensis (African musk shrew) 163, 165 CX6CC motif 213, 218 Crocidura poensis (Fraser’s musk shrew) group 165 Cyanide 285 ‘‘Crocodile’’ see also Glove box, Glove cabinet 48 Cyanobacterium 342 Crook 175, 176, 196 Cyanosis 100 Crossarchus alexandri (Alexander’s Cusimanse) 163 Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) 9, 234, 342 Cross-border armed conflicts 282 Cyclic climate change 153 Cross-contamination 167, 267 b-Cyclodextrin 235 Cross-immunogen 206 Cyclooxygenase 2 258 Cross-linking 203, 236 Cyclospora catayanensis 52 Cross-reactivity=Cross-reactive 40, 117, 143, 206, 217, Cyclosporine A 245 271, 318, 319, 341 Cynomolgus macaque heart (CMH) 9, 171, 226 Cross-neutralization 33 Cynomolgus macaque model 110 Cross-protect=Cross-protection 305, 324, 328 Cynomolgus macaque(s) (Macaca fascicularis) throughout Cross-section 175, 247 the text Cross-species 158 Cys3-His (CX8CX4CX3H) motif 220 Cross-striation 175, 178 Cysteine protease 238 Crotalus horridus (Timber rattlesnake) 338 Cytochalasin D 203, 238 Crow 70 Cytokine 119, 236, 252–254, 256, 257, 259, 263, 264, 268, Crowned monkey (Cercopithecus pogonias)157,162,164 298, 305, 307, 312, 318, 332, 336, 337, 345 Cruickshank (MARV-Cru) 9, 31, 60 Cytopathic effect(s) (CPE) 9, 106, 171, 212, 213, 242, Crypt(s) 132, 134, 139 259 Crypt base cell 139 Cytoplasm 125, 130, 132, 137, 140, 175, 197, 200–202, Crypt tissue 132 242, 244, 245, 251, 263, 274 Cryptosporidium parvum 52 Cytoplasmic tail 214, 219, 221, 234 Crystal structure 202–204, 220 Cytorhabdovirus 24, 169 CS protein 240 Cytosine-triphosphate synthetase inhibitor 343 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV Series) 14 Cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) 9, 116, 256, 301 CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Cytotoxicity receptor (NKp30) 312 Organization) 9, 44 Cytotoxicity=cytotoxic 9, 116, 208, 212, 213, 217, 228, Ctenocephalides felis (Cat flea) 167 256, 257, 301, 312, 318, 345 CTL (Cytotoxic T-cell) 9, 256, 301–303, 308, 310, 312– 314, 316–320, 322, 324, 326, 330, 332, 333 CTLA-4 257 D C-type lectin 10, 234, 256 D17 cell 172, 173, 227 Cuanza Norte (Province) 75 D37 298 Cuanza Sul (Province) 75 Da Bie Shan virus (DBSV) 9, 20 Culex 22,167,169 Damage=Damaged=Damaging 16, 101, 102, 111, 122, Culex (Culex) pipiens 169 124, 126, 127, 132, 134, 135, 212, 256, 265, 287 Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus 167 Dams 68, 153 Culex (Culiciomyia)167 Dance 288, 289 Culex (Culiciomyia) cinereus 167 Dangerous Pathogens Advisory Group 58 Culicidae 169 Danish 71 Culiseta (Theomyia) fraseri 167 DAP12 254 Cultural 14, 108, 288, 289, 290 Dar es Salaam 281 Cultural insensitivities 282 Dart 283, 284 Cultural sensitivities 140 Darting 334 Curfew 288 Dasymys incomtus (African marsh rat) 165 Custom 49, 90, 279, 282, 284, 289, 290, 292, 337 Daura Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Facility 45 Cut 17, 130, 263 7Days(TV series) 14 Cuvette-Ouest Region 83, 85 DBS-FRhL-2 cell 247, 251 Cuvier’s tree squirrel (Funisciurus pyrrhopus)165 DBSV (Da Bie Shan virus) 9, 20 CV-1 (African green monkey kidney) cell 162, 171–173, DCLS (Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services) 9, 226, 227 47 372 Index
DC-SIGN (Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non- DENV (Dengue virus) 9, 21 integrin,CD209) 9,233,234,256,341,342 Deoxycholate 197, 297 DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-Related) 9 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 9, 49, 58 DC-SIGN-Related (DC-SIGNR) 9, 233 Depleting antibodies 318 D-dimers see also Fibrinogen-degradation products (FDP) DeRitis 101, 111 112, 258 Dermatitis 100 Death receptor 3-5 258 Dermis 132–134, 313 Death signal 255 Desferal 336 3-Deazaaristeromycin (C-c3Ado, carbocyclic Desferrioxamine 337 3-deazaadenosine) 9, 343 Desquamation 132 1-Deaza-50-noraristeromycin 343 Detached=Detachment 131, 212, 213 3-Deazaneplanocin A (c3-Npc A) 9, 343 Detergent 9,197,221,235,241,275,298 DeBrazza’s monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus)156,157, Detergent-resistant membrane fraction (DRM) 9, 241 162, 164 Detergent-salt dissociation 221 Debris 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130–132, 135, 136, 138, 139 Deutsches Primatenzentrum Goottingen€ (German Primate Decontaminated=Decontamination 93, 294 Center) 95 Decoy 206, 207, 215, 256, 303 Devil 286 Decoy receptor 1 258 Dextran sulfate 232 Decoy receptor 2 258 DHS (Department of Homeland Security) 9 Decree 56 Diacetoxyscirpenol 51, 54 Defective interfering particle 179, 243, 263 Diacritical marks 64 Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (dstl) 9, 47, 88 Diagnostic(s) 9, 12, 43, 45, 48, 51, 59, 96, 107, 265, 267, Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 9 270, 271, 274, 276, 277 Defervescence 105 Diagnosticians 95 Deforestation 153 Dialysis 335 Degenerate phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide 344 Diameter 81, 96, 175, 178, 197, 199, 245, 246, 248 Degradation 10, 102, 132, 248, 257, 258, 344 Diapedesis 135, 257 Degranulation 116, 258 Diarrhea 79, 80, 88, 95, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 110, Deletion-type 243 116–118, 335 -Peptide(s) 184, 206–208, 256 Diathesis 71, 102, 121, 122 Deltavirus 265 DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation) see also Dementia 96, 100 Coagulopathy 9, 70, 71, 101, 108, 111, 118, 122, 127, Demidoff’s dwarf bushbaby (Galagoides demidoff)165 257, 258, 335, 337 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) see also Dicer 259 Zaire 9, 13, 23, 26, 34, 57, 62, 63–65, 69, 71–73, ‘‘Dichorhabdovirus’’ 24 75, 79, 86, 90, 97, 99, 103, 119, 153, 159, 161, 282, Dictyoptera (Cockroaches) 169 283, 287, 291 Diethyl ether 297 Demyelinating 96 Difficulty breathing 103, 104 Dendritic cell 9, 133, 136, 224, 229, 233, 234, 238, 252, Dimedol 345 255, 256, 263, 302, 305, 307, 312 Dimer-dimer 203, 204 Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC- Dimethyl amiloride 238 SIGN, CD209) 9, 233 Dioc eese de Kikwit 80 Dendrohyrax dorsalis (Western tree hyrax) 163 Diptera 169 Dendromus (Climbing mice) 165 Diptera, c.f. Sarcophagidae (Flesh flies) 169 Dengue 9, 15, 19, 21, 52, 54, 95 Diptera, Culicidae (Mosquitoes) 169 Dengue haemorrhagic fever 21 Diptera, Glossinidae (Tsetse flies) 169 Dengue virus(es) (DENV) 9, 21, 52, 54 Diptera, Tabanidae (Horse flies) 169 De-novo construction 58 Dipyridamole 345 Dent’s shrew (Crocidura denti)165 Direct body contact see also Direct person-to-person Dental pulp 138 contact 78, 81 Dentate nucleus=nuclei 128 Direct person-to-person contact see also Direct body Dentist 281 contact 284, 290 D eepartement de Virologie 44 Disaster Medicine Study Organization (KAMEDO) 281 (Department of) Health and Human Services (HHS) 10, Disc 103, 203 47, 51 Discoloration 102, 121 Index 373
Discrimination 90 Dwarf-free tailed bat (Mops nanulus) 163, 165 Disease surveillance 59, 95, 279, 291 Dynamic polarization 247 Disinfectant 284, 291, 297 Dynamin K44E 213 Disinfection 281, 297 Dysarthria 107 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) see also Dysentery 65 Coagulopathy 9, 70, 119 Dysesthesia 107, 108 Dissertation 18, 66, 166, 170 Dysphagia 103, 106, 107 District Hospital in Basel (Kantonsspital Basel) 95 Dysphonia 108 Disulfide 206–208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217–219, 238, 240 Dyspnea 106 Diucifon 337 Dystelectases=dystelectatic 134, 139 Divine punishment 286 Dzangha-Sangha District 166 Diviner 291 Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services (DCLS) 9, 47 Division of Viral Rickettsial Diseases (DVRD) 11, 47 E Djibouti 146 E18-rat embryo 227 Djiloke 62, 95 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 249 DK-58 (Canine kidney) cell 171, 172, 226 E2 12, 240, 249 DNA intermediate 190, 241 E3 ubiquitin ligase 248 Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) 9, 20 E64d 239 DOBV (Dobrava-Belgrade virus) 9, 20 E718 (ZEBOV-E718) 28 Doctors Without Borders (M eedecins Sans Fronti eeres, MSF) EA926 (Human endothelial-derived) cell 172, 226 90, 95, 284, 285, 287, 290 ‘‘Early death phenomenon’’ 104, 302, 304, 305 Dog (Canis familiaris) 70, 145, 163, 164, 166, 167, 172, 227 Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN) 10, Doomsday 14 90 Dormice (Graphiurus) 162, 164 Eastern brush-furred rat (Lophuromys flavopunctatus)165 Dot-immunobinding assay 274 Eastern equine encephalitis virus 51, 52, 54 Doussala 147 Eastern Province 149 Doussi eeousou 147 Eating habit 158, 161 Doxycycline 337 EBO-GP1 269 Dragon lizards (Agama)162 EBOGP-1D forward 269 DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) see also Zaire 9, EBOGP-1D reverse 269 26, 31, 32, 34, 63, 71, 93, 179, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, EBOGP-1DSPrb 269 217–219, 230 EBOGP-1DZPrb 269 DRM (Detergent-resistant membrane fraction) 9, 241 EBO-GP2 269 Droplet 77, 95, 111, 122, 285 Ebola river 13, 23 Drosophila 333 ‘‘Ebola-like viruses’’ see also Ebolavirus 34 Drug 59, 119, 120, 235, 236, 266, 292, 299, 335, 336, 342, ‘‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’’ (EHF) see also Coote^ d’Ivoire 343 ebolavirus disease, Ebolavirus disease, Reston ebolavirus Drug rashes 266 disease, SEVD, Sudan ebolavirus disease, Zaire ebolavirus Dry grassland 145 disease, ZEVD 9, 78 Dry ice 284 ‘Ebola virus’ (EBOV) see also CIEBOV, Coote^ d’Ivoire Dry wooded grassland 145 ebolavirus, REBOV, Reston ebolavirus, SEBOV, Sudan dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) 11, 259 ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, ZEBOV 9, 13, 23, 25, 33, dstl (Defence Science and Technology Laboratory) 9, 47, 88 34, 289 DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) 9 ‘‘Ebola virus disease’’ (EVD) see also Coote^ d’Ivoire Dtk 236 ebolavirus disease, Ebolavirus disease, Reston ebolavirus Duiker 83–85, 154, 155, 160–163, 165, 268, 293, 301 disease, SEVD, Sudan ebolavirus disease, Zaire ebolavirus Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs 113, 116, 310, 311, 313, 327– disease, ZEVD 10, 21, 42, 78 333, 337, 341, 344 Ebolavirus disease 14, 25, 32, 59, 65, 76–78, 80, 84, 87– Durba 26, 61–63, 73–75, 97, 99, 150, 287 90,92–95,99,107,117,118,128,129,138–140,153,283 Duusseldorf€ 67 Ebolavirus 21, 24, 35, 39, 42 Dust-mist respirators 295 EBOV (‘Ebola virus’) see also CIEBOV, Coote^ d’Ivoire DVRD (Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases) 9, 47, ebolavirus, REBOV, Reston ebolavirus, SEBOV, Sudan 83, 347, 348 ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, ZEBOV 9, 34 374 Index
EBOV-CI see also CIEBOV, Coote^ d’Ivoire ebolavirus 34 Electron microscopy (EM) 10, 23, 71, 72, 91, 93, 95, 122, EBOV-R see also REBOV, Reston ebolavirus 34 131, 139, 169, 197, 201, 247, 254, 259, 267, 268, 276, EBOV-S see also SEBOV, Sudan ebolavirus 34 277, 297 EBOV-Z see also Zaire ebolavirus, ZEBOV 34 Electron tomography 199 EBsp3 269 Elephant (Loxodonta africana) 161, 162, 170 EBsp5 269 ELF (Embryonic lung fibroblasts) 9, 171, 226 EC50 (50% maximum-effective concentration) 9, 342, ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) throughout 345 the text Ecchymoses 106, 109, 133, 136 El Ninno-Southern~ Oscillations 153 Echidnophaga gallinacea (Sticktight flea) 167 Elongation factor 242 Eckron (Eck) see also Ecran (ZEBOV-Ecran) 32 Emboli 102 ECOFAC (Conservation et utilisation rationelle des Embryonated chicken egg 171 ECOsyst eemes Forestiers d’Afrique Centrale) 9, 155, 289 Embryonic lung fibroblasts (ELF) 9, 106 Ecological disruption 153 Emergency Preparedness and Response Centre, Porton Ecological niche modeling see also Niche modeling 69, Down, Wiltshire (Health Protection Agency) 46 153 Emergency prophylaxis 339, 340, 345 Ecology 70, 97, 153 Emerging infectious disease see also Emerging virus(es)= Economy 15, 51 pathogen(s) 14, 15, 47, 49, 279, 281, 297, 347, 348 Ecosystem(s) 59,153, 14 Emerging virus(es)=pathogen(s) see also Emerging Ecran (ZEBOV-Ecran) 28, 60 infectious disease 11, 13–16, 18, 23, 37, 38, 41, 43, Ectoparasite 161, 166, 168 46–52, 58, 59, 92, 263, 265, 294, 295, 296, 340, 347, 348 Edema 102, 105, 106, 109, 121, 122, 128, 131–134, 137– Emory University 50, 296 140, 257, 335, 121 Enanthema(s) 100, 103, 107 Edematous 105, 121, 122, 128, 132, 134, 137 Enantiomer 343 Edenvale 296 Encapsidation 180, 184, 194 Editing 40, 180, 207–209, 213, 215, 216, 224, 349 Encephalitis=encephalitides 12, 19, 22, 42, 51–56, Education 95, 279, 281, 285, 287, 288, 292 102, 105, 122, 126, 128, 160, 169, 217, 281, 312, Effective(ly) 50, 159, 201, 243, 255, 284, 292, 297, 305, 319, 323 332, 333, 335, 339, 343, 345 Encephalomyocarditis virus 58 Egg 51, 158, 171 Encode(s) 24, 25, 179, 180, 182, 185, 191, 199, 200, 207, Egress 175, 203–205, 244–251, 345 208, 216, 217, 219, 222–224, 259, 328 EGTA (Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) 9, 236, 298, Endarteritis 124, 127 303 Endemic 25, 19, 59, 69, 79, 146, 149, 151, 153, 154, 161, Egypt 47, 66 167–170, 265, 282, 301 Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) 160, 161 Endocardial 121 EHF (‘‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’’) see also Coote^ d’Ivoire Endocytosed=Endocytosis=Endocytotic 225, 234, 235, 237 ebolavirus disease, Ebolavirus disease, Reston ebolavirus Endoglycosidase H (EndoH) 232 disease, SEVD, Sudan ebolavirus disease, Zaire ebolavirus EndoH (Endoglycosidase H) 206, 209, 217 disease, ZEVD 9, 78 Endometritis 133 Ehrlichia ruminantium 51 Endometrium 122 Eidolon helvum (African straw-colored fruit bat) 160, 163 Endomysium 138 eIF-2a 261 Endoplasmic reticulum 96, 175, 178, 197, 206, 209, 213, E-immune complex clearance 340 217 Ekata 63, 83, 85, 160 Endoprotease 206, 217, 240 Ekata December (ZEBOV-Ekata-Dec) 28, 63 Endosome 10, 204, 238, 249, 251 Ekata November (ZEBOV-Ekata-Nov) 28, 63 Endosome-associated complex required for transport Ekono 289 (ESCRT) 10, 204, 249 Ekundu 289 Endotheliocyte 126, 134, 137 Eland (Taurotragus oryx)68 Endotoxin 133, 141 Elastase 175, 226 England see U.K. Elder 284, 286, 288 ENIVD (European Network for Diagnostics of ‘‘Imported’’ Electrocardiogram 102 Viral Diseases) 9, 270 Electrochemiluminescence 274 ENS FP 269 Electrolyte 335, 339 ENS P 269 Electrolyte balance 335 ENS RP 269 Index 375
Entamoeba histolytica 52 Erythrodiapedesis 134 Entebbe 67 Erythroid colony formation 254 Enterobacterium 65 Erythrophagocytosis 136 Enterohemorrhagic 54, 266 Erythropoiesis 106, 133 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli enteritis 266 Escherichia coli 52, 54, 266, 275, 276 Entsiami 63, 84 ESCRT (Endosome-associated complex required for Entsiami (ZEBOV-Entsiami) 28 transport) 10, 204, 249–251 Env (HIV-1) 226, 227, 232, 234, 235 E-Selectin 208, 259 Envelope 24, 166, 175, 178, 197, 211, 214, 218, 245, 247, Esophagitis 133 248, 310, 311, 317 Etakangaye 62, 63, 79, 83, 84, 231 ENZ FP 269 Etakangaye (ZEBOV-Etakangaye) 28 ENZ P 269 Ethanol probe 257 ENZ RP 269 Ether 297 Enzootic 93, 170 Ethic committee 346 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 9 Ethiopia 14, 60, 146, 147, 153, 265 Eosinophil 104, 128, 130, 136, 137–139, 178, 259 Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) 9 Eosinophilia 101 Etiology=Etiological 19, 65, 67, 73, 96, 169, 171, 265, 287 Ependymitis 133 Etk2 236 Ephemerovirus 24 Etoumbi 63, 64, 84, 86 EPICENTRE 90, 285 Europe 20, 21, 41, 42, 60, 66, 67, 68, 265, 281 Epidemic(s) see also Outbreak(s) 15, 78, 82, 89, 90, 92, 96, European brown hare syndrome virus 19 97, 106, 108, 146, 151, 279, 283, 284, 286, 288, 290, 291, European grass-feeding leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus) 292, 301, 337, 338, 340 169 Epidemic tropical spastic paraparesis (Konzo, Tropical European Network for Diagnostics of ‘‘Imported’’ Viral ataxic neuropathy) 285 Diseases (ENIVD) 9, 270 Epidermal growth-factor receptor 212 EVD (‘Ebola virus disease’) see also Coote^ d’Ivoire Epigastric=Epigastric pain 103, 107, 115 ebolavirus disease, Ebolavirus disease, Reston ebolavirus Epistaxis 101, 103, 106, 107, 117 disease, SEVD, Sudan ebolavirus disease, Zaire ebolavirus Epitope 144, 170, 216, 232, 236, 273, 275, 276, 299, 301– disease, ZEVD 10 303, 319, 340, 341 Even-toed ungulates 163, 165 Epizootic 16, 19, 33, 60–62, 85, 86, 91–95, 117, 118, 139, Evil 284 140, 158, 159, 161, 169, 268, 276, 277 Evolution 23, 59, 115, 177, 224, 243 Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus 19 Evolutionary rate 25 Epomops franqueti (Franquet’s epauletted bat) 163, 165 Evstigneev, Valentin Ivanovich see Valentin Ivanovich, Eps15 238 Yevstigneyev Epsilon toxin 52, 54 EWARN (Early Warning Alert and Response Network) 10, Eptesicus (Forest bats) 163 90 Eptesicus somalicus (Somali serotine) 165 Ewondos 144 Eptesicus tenuipinnis (White-winged serotine) 165 Exanthema(s) 19, 100, 102, 108 Equateur Region 75, 76, 78, 150, 162, 283 Excreta see also Excretion(s) 19 Equatorial Guinea 150, 151 Excretion(s) see also Excreta 78, 101, 122, 248 Equipment 49, 50, 58, 267, 268, 279, 284, 287, 291, 292, Exhaustion 100 296, 297 Exophthalmos 109 ERK (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 9, 245, 253 Exorcism 284 ERK-1 196 Exploit=Exploiting=Exploitation 75, 255, 282, 286, 290, ERK-1=2 254, 312 293 Erosion 100, 122, 133, 137 Export 14, 67, 279, 280 Errastunus ocellaris see also Leafhopper 169 Export control 54, 279 Erste Medizinische Universit€aatsklinik (First Medical Exposed 82, 92, 93, 208, 210, 226, 239, 252, 255, 283, University Hospital) 66 286, 301, 312, 313, 334, 340 Erythema 100, 105, 106, 115 Exposure throughout the text Erythrocebus patas (Patas monkey) 57 Extirpation 101 Erythrocyte complement receptor 340 Extracorporeal blood treatment 335 Erythrocyte concentrate(s) 70 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 9 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 110, 112 Extrasystoles 102 376 Index
Extrinsic 258 Fibrinogen 101–103, 110, 113, 115, 118, 257, 258 Eye wear 295 Fibroblast 106, 113, 122, 124, 126, 130, 131, 134, 135, Ezanga 289 137–139, 171–173, 201, 209, 226, 227, 234, 238, 247, 258, 342, 343 Fibroblast reticular cell 134, 138, 201, 208 Fibronectin type II (F2) module 206 F Fibrosis 122, 128 F10 cell 173, 235 Ficus goliath (Fig tree) 159 Fab fragment 170, 234, 275, 340 Field diagnosis 268 Facial paralysis 109 Fig tree (Ficus goliath)159 FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) 10, 235, 236 Filamentous 23, 78, 175, 179, 196, 199, 238, 244–246, Factor 67, 81, 95, 101, 105, 108, 111, 116, 159, 248, 305 161, 185, 201, 212, 215, 216, 225, 228, 235, 238, Filaria 138 242, 249–252, 257, 258, 260, 266, 312, 329, 335, Filipin 235 337, 341 Film 276, 295, 296 Factory 70, 86, 88, 149, 159, 265 FILO-A 269 Factor VII, IX, and X deficiencies 266 FILO-B 269 FADD (Fas-associated death-domain protein) 10, 255 Filopodia 194, 202, 247, 248, 250, 251 Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital 296 Filoviridae Study Group 347 Falciparum malaria 266 Filoviridae 13, 21, 23–25, 39, 42, 57, 263, 347 Fall army worm 201 Filovirid(s) see also Filovirus(es) 13 Farmer 144–146, 150 ‘Filovirus’ see also Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus 23, 24 FAS (Federation of American Scientists) 10 Filovirus Study Group see Filoviridae Study Group Fas 10, 58, 255, 262 Filovirus(es) throughout the text Fas ligand (FasL) 10 Filovirus-like 10,71,96,169,182,199,200,202,220, Fas-associated death-domain protein (FADD) 10, 255 304, 305, 308, 313 FasL (Fas ligand) 10, 312, 257 Filovirus-like particle(s) (fVLP) 10, 71, 96, 169, 182, 199, Fat mouse (Steatomys pratensis)166 200, 202, 220, 304, 305, 308, 313 Fatalism 335 Filtration 299 Fatty changes 126 Finance 279 Fatty degeneration 122, 125, 126, 128, 137, 138 Financial aid 282 Fatty droplets 122 Finches (Fringillidae)67 Fatty tissue necroses 70 First Medical University Hospital (Erste Medizinische Fc receptor 236, 338 Universit€aatsklinik) 66 Fc-g receptor III (FcgRIII) 207 First responder 301, 325 FcgRIII (Fc-g receptor III) 207, 208 Fish 169, 172 FDP (Fibrin-degradation products) see also D-dimers 10, Fishing 146 102, 103, 111, 112, 118 Fissures 106 Feather-chewing lice (Philopteridae) 167 FIV (Feline immunodeficiency virus) 10, 226, 228, 229, 235 Federation of American Scientists (FAS) 10 Flak (MARV-Flak) 31, 60 Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) 10, 228 Flanders virus 24 Fer-de-Lance virus 24 Flaviviridae 21, 42, 265, 342 ‘Ferlavirus’ 24 Flavonoid 338 Fermenter 172 Flesh flies (Diptera, c.f. Sarcophagidae) 169 Fetish 293 Flexal virus 51 Fetuin 235 Flu-like symptom(s) see Influenza-like symptom(s) Fever see also Pyrexia 108, 110, 112, 114–119, 140, 146, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) 10 147, 158–160, 164, 256, 265, 266, 268, 270, 281, 290, FMS (Frankfurt-Marburg syndrome) see also Marburgvirus 292, 294, 295, 335 disease, MVD 10, 67 FHM (Fish) cell 172 Foam-nest tree frog (Chiromantis xerampelina)168 Fiber optic 276 Focal adhesion point 248 ‘Fibraviridae’ 23 Folate receptor a 235 Fibrin-degradation product(s) (FDP) see also D-dimers 10, FOMETRO (Belgian Fonds M eedical Tropical) 10, 283 102 Fomites 78, 285 Fibrin deposition 127, 131, 135, 138, 140, 257 Food 44, 46, 100, 155, 164, 170, 283, 285, 288, 293, 294 Index 377
Food restriction 288 Fusion 10, 182, 200, 203–205, 208, 218, 221, 226, 234, Foot-and-mouth disease virus 51 238, 245–249, 251, 305, 307, 312 Foreskin fibroblast 171 Fusion peptide 213, 218, 227, 239–241 Forest 14, 64, 75, 79, 82, 83, 95, 118, 144–148, 153, 155, Fusogenic 217 158, 159, 166, 169, 170, 289 fVLP (Filovirus-like particle) 10, 182, 200, 203–205, 208, Forest bats (Eptesicus)163 218, 221, 226, 234, 238, 245–249, 251, 305, 307, 312 Forest elephant shrew (Petrodromus tetradactylus)165 Formaldehyde 271, 298 Formalin 297 Formalin-fixed 271, 276 G Formalin-inactivated 304, 306 gc253 Formicidae (Ants) 169 G protein-coupled receptor 214 Formosan-rock macaque (Macaca cyclopis) 156 Gab275 (ZEBOV-Gab275) 28, 62, 82 Formyl-peptide receptor 214 Gab276 (ZEBOV-Gab276) 29, 62, 82 Fort Detrick 47, 49, 86, 296, 347 Gab277 (ZEBOV-Gab277) 29, 62, 82 Fort Victoria 70 Gab278 (ZEBOV-Gab278) 29, 62, 83 Foulb ees 144 Gab279 (ZEBOV-Gab279) 29, 62, 83 Dr. Fountain 286 Gab281 (ZEBOV-Gab281) 29, 62, 82 Frameshift 199, 252 Gab282 (ZEBOV-Gab282) 29, 62, 82 France 17, 40, 169, 283, 348 Gab293 (ZEBOV-Gab293) 29, 82 Francisella tularensis 51–54 Gabon (ZEBOV-Gab) 29, 62 Frankfurt am Main 13, 26, 52, 60, 66–68, 102, 105, 294, Gabon throughout the text 296 Gabonese-Congolese Animal Mortality Monitoring Frankfurt-Marburg-Syndrome (FMS) see also Marburgvirus Network 155 disease, MVD 67 Gag 248, 249 Franquet’s epauletted bat (Epomops franqueti) 160, 163, GAHMU (Great Ape Health Monitoring Unit) 10, 95 165 b-Galactosidase 227, 232 Fraser’s musk shrew group (Crocidura poensis)165 Galagoides demidoff (Demidoff’s dwarf bushbaby) 165 Fraxiparin 339 Galerella sanguina (Slender mongoose) 165 Frederick 1, 26, 27, 47, 49, 56, 63, 86, 129, 178, 296, 347 Gall bladder 121 Freeze-thawing 55, 297 Gallop rhythm 106 French 1, 18, 44, 49, 64, 70, 73, 77, 80–83, 90, 168, 283, Galveston National Laboratory 49 351 Gambian rat (Cricetomys gambianus)165 Freud’s adjuvant 304 Game meat 289 Fringillidae (Finches) 67 Gamma activation sequence 259, 260 FRL-2 cell 173, 226 Garcinia cola (Bitter cola plant) 338 Frog 168, 172 Garissa virus 22 Frozen plasma 70 Gas6 236 Frugivorous bat 161, 167 Gastric 122,133,134,136,137 Ft. Detrick see Fort Detrick Gastritis 133 Fucosylated 216 Gastrointestinal tract 114, 122, 132, 140 Fuel 14, 15, 49, 57, 89, 254, 285, 292 Gazelle 162 Fulminant viral hepatitis 266 Gbadolit ee76 Fundus 101, 109 Gbawein Clan 148 Funduscopy 108 GCN4 240 Funeral 284, 288, 289, 290, 293 Gemena Zone 78, 162 Funisciurus 162, 164, 165 GenBank 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 160, 179, 183, 222, 223 Funisciurus (Rope squirrels) 162, 164, 165 Geneoverlap 40,180,185,192,241 Funisciurus anerythrus (Redless squirrel) 164 Gene synthesizers 58 Funisciurus congicus (Striped tree squirrel) 165 General time reversible (GTR) 10, 34 Funisciurus lemniscatus (Ribboned rope squirrel) 164 Genet(s) (Genetta) 155, 161, 165 Funisciurus pyrrhopus (Cuvier’s tree squirrel) 165 Genetic immunization 313 ‘Funiviridae’ 23 Genetta servalina (Crested genet) 165 Furin 206–208, 210, 211, 217, 240 Genetta tigrina (Large-spotted genet) 165 Furosemide 345 Genital(s)=genitalia 108, 121, 122 378 Index
Genome(s) see also Genomic sequences 25, 26, 28, 31, 57, Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) 10, 235 58, 71, 73, 75, 155, 160, 170, 179, 180, 185, 190, 191, Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor 207 200, 201, 216, 217, 219, 221–225, 241–243, 247, 257, Glycyram 342 263, 298, 344 Glycyrrhizic acid 342 Genomic sequences see also Genome(s) 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, GM1 (Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside) 10, 249 36, 38, 179 GMC cell 171, 226 Genomic signatures 33 GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating Geochelone pardalis (Leopard tortoise) 168 factor) 10, 253, 256, 329 Georgia 2, 47, 49, 50, 64, 73, 283, 287, 296, 299, 347, 348 GMK-AH-1 (African green monkey kidney) cell 171, Gerbils (Tatera)166 226 German Democratic Republic 151 GMK-AH-1(D) (African green monkey epithelial-like) German Primate Center (Deutsches Primatenzentrum cell 172 Goottingen)€ 95 GOARN (Global Outbreak Alert and Response) 10, 287 Germany 13, 17, 26, 33, 40, 45, 49, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60–62, Goat 145, 165, 338–340 64, 66, 67, 72, 75, 95, 97, 99, 109, 121, 151, 154, 156, 158, Goatpox virus 51 169, 171, 224, 265, 281–283, 293, 296, 335, 347, 349 God 284, 286, 288 GFP (Green fluorescent protein) 10, 182, 185, 241, 243, Gold miners 73, 150, 159, 287 244, 248, 343 Gold particle 212, 313 GGT (g-Glutamyl transpeptidase) 10, 112, 118, 298 Golden hamster(s) 105, 106 Ghost 288 Golden jackal (Canis aureus)165 Giant African land snails (Achatina)168 Golden potto (Perodicticus potto)164 Giant cell 126 Gold-panning 147 Giardia lamblia 52 Gongola 148 Gibbon (Hylobates) 156, 280 Gonioscopy 103 Gingival 106, 138, 268 Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) 83–86, 154, 155, 157, 161 Giriama 147 Gorilla gorilla (Gorilla) 79, 84, 157 Glass 297, 298 Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Western lowland gorilla) 79, 84 Glial cell 122 Goroumbwa 73, 161 Glial nodule encephalitis 122, 126 Goottingen€ 95 Global Health Information Network 292 Gown 285, 295 Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) Gozon 62, 95 10, 287 GP (Glycoprotein gene) throughout the text Glomeruli 123, 127, 131 ‘GP’ see also GP1,2,GP1,GP2 191 Glossitis 106, 133 GP0 see also preGPER 209 Glove 44–48, 82, 86, 285, 290, 295–297 GP1,2 TM 311, 314, 318, 320, 330–333 Glove box see also ‘‘Crocodile,’’ Glove cabinet 48 GP1,2 (Spike protein) throughout the text Glove cabinet see also ‘‘Crocodile,’’ Glove box 44–48 GP1 206–208, 210–212, 214, 217, 218, 228–232, 234, Glucose 298, 339, 345 238–240, 256, 272, 324, 333 Glutamate dehydrogenase 101 GP2 throughout the text g-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) 10, 101 gp41 215, 240 Glutaraldehyde 271, 297 GPC 324 Glutathione-S-transferase 276 GPI (Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol) 10, 212, 235 Glycan 206, 211, 213, 216, 233, 342 Grammomys dolichurus (African tree rat) 165 Glycan shield 211 Gram-negative bacterial septicemia 266 Glycerol 297 Grand Bassa County 148 Glycodendritic 234, 341 Grand Itoumbi 83 Glycodendritic structure 234, 341 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- Glycogen 126 CSF) 329 Glycoprotein 10, 33, 184, 185, 191, 203, 205–208, 215– Granuloma 128, 136, 137 217, 324, 341 Graphic instruction 292 Glycoprotein 4 252 Graphiurus (Dormice) 162, 164, 165 Glycoprotein gene (GP) 10, 180, 192 Graphiurus lorraineus (African dormouse) 165 Glycosylated=glycosylation 184, 185, 191, 194, 199, Grassland 145, 147 206, 208, 209, 211, 216, 217, 221, 232, 233, 325, 341, Great Ape Health Monitoring Unit (GAHMU) 10, 95 345 Great blue turaco (Corythaeola cristata)163 Index 379
Great Britain see U.K. Gulu District 88–90 Great plague (of Athens) 96 Gulu Municipality 88 Greater cane rat(s) (Thryonomys swinderianus)161 Gulu Regional Referral Hospital 88 Greater white-nosed monkey(s) (Cercopithecus nictitans) Gwaai 68 156, 157, 162, 164, 165 Greece 60, 96 Green fluorescent protein (GFP) 10, 182 H Green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)156 1918 H1N1 influenza A virus 51, 58, 108 ‘‘Green monkey disease’’ see also Marburgvirus disease, HA (Hemagglutinin) 10, 211, 228 MVD 67 HA2 240 Greene-Filo-L13294-A 269 Haemaphysalis paraleachi 167 Greene-Filo-L13294-B 269 Haemiatolorna dorsata see also Leafhopper Greene-Filo-L13294-C 269 Hair follicle 102, 104, 133, 134, 313 Greene-Filo-L13294-D 269 Hairpin 191, 209 Greene-Filo-U12683-A 269 Hairy slit-faced bat (Nycteris hispida)165 Greene-Filo-U12683-B 269 Half-life 336, 343 Greene-Filo-U12683-C 269 Hamadryas baboon(s) (Papio hamadryas) 68, 111–113, Greene-Filo-U12683-D 269 124, 134, 135, 154, 172, 215, 252, 254, 255, 257, 304, Greeting 289, 290 306, 339, 345 Grey-bellied pygmy mouse (Mus triton)165 Hamilton 14, 49 Grivet(s) see also African green monkey, Chlorocebus Hammer-headed fruit bat(s) (Hypsignathus monstrosus) aethiops 64, 156 160, 162 Gro-a 252, 258 Hamster(s) 105, 106, 124, 127, 128, 141, 228 Groove-toothed creek rat (Pelomys campanae)165 ‘‘Hand of Marduk’’ 96 Groove-toothed swamp rats (Pelomys)166 ‘‘Hand of Sibitti’’ 96 Growth characteristic 182 Handout 285 Grub 170 Hantaan virus (HTNV) 10, 21, 54 GSK-3b 212 Hantavirus (cardio-)pulmonary syndrome 22, 41 GTOV (Guanarito virus) 10, 20, 41 Hantavirus(es) 19, 22, 41, 52, 54 GTPase 213, 251 Haplotypes 120, 141, 301 GTR (General time reversible) 10, 34 Harbel 148 Guanarito virus (GTOV) 10, 20, 41, 51, 52 Hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) 169 Guereza(s) (Colobus guereza) 162, 156 Hard ticks 169 Guideline 40, 48–50, 58, 280, 281, 287, 288, 291, 292, Hartebeest (Kongoni) 162 294, 295 Hartz (MARV-Hartz) 32, 60, 68 Guide-strand 259 Haut-Ogoou e 83, 147, 150 Guinea pig fibroblast 171, 226 Haut-U eel eeDistrict 73 Guinea pig heart cell 171 Hazleton Research Primates 280 Guinea pig(s) (Cavia porcellus) throughout the text HE (Hematoxylin-eosin) 10, 140 Guinea pig-adapted laboratory isolate (ZEBOV-Mayinga- Headache(s) 100, 103, 106, 107, 115, 116, 118 8mc) 29 Healer(s) see also Ajwaka, ‘‘Witchdoctors’’ 89, 283, 284, Guinea pig-adapted laboratory isolate (ZEBOV-Mayinga- 287–292, 337, 338 Ch-15) 29 Health care 57, 74, 81, 90, 150, 279, 282–285, 287, 288, Guinea pig-adapted laboratory isolate (ZEBOV-Mayinga- K- 291, 295 5) 29 Health-care center 282, 284 Guinea pig-adapted MARV-Ravn 26, 179, 310, 316, 317, Hearing loss 107, 108 330, 331, 333 Heart 9, 102, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125, 133, 136, 139, 140, Guinea pig-adapted plaque pick 3 isolate (MARV-Musoke- 160, 171, 226 pp3) 31 Heat 115, 203, 232, 270, 298, 304, 306 Guinea pig-adapted plaque pick 4 isolate (MARV-Musoke- Heathrow (Airport) 66 pp4) 32 Heat-inactivated 115, 270, 306 Guinea 147, 150, 151 HEF 240 Gulu 10, 27, 28, 33, 63, 88–90, 141, 179, 195, 270, 287, HEK 293F (Cell) 227 288 HEK 293T (Cell) 172, 173, 201, 203, 205, 209, 212, 213, Gulu (SEBOV-Gul) 10, 27, 28, 33, 63, 141, 179, 195 226–229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 302, 303 318 380 Index
HEK (Human embryonic kidney) 10, 172, 173, 201, 203, Hepatomegaly 106, 107, 127, 137 205, 209, 212, 213, 226–229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 302, Hepevirus 265 303, 318 HepG2(Humanliver)cell 172,173,227,228,234 HeLa (Human cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial-like) Heptad-repeat 213, 240 cell 157, 171–173, 201, 211, 215, 226, 227, 232, 234– Hercules C-130 aircraft 284 236, 274, 276, 341, 344 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 266 Helical arrangement 175 Hero shrew (Scutisorex somereni)163 Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Red-legged sun squirrel) 164 Herpes simplex 266 310-Helix 241 Herpesviral encephalitis 42 Helix=helices 197, 199, 202, 240, 241 Herpesviridae 42, 265 Hemadsorptions 72 Herpesvirus 9, 19, 42, 51, 261, 265, 342 Hemagglutinin (HA) 10, 211 Heterodimer 184, 207, 210, 211 Hematemesis 70, 78, 101, 103, 106, 107 Heterologous antibodies 338 Hematocrit 111–113, 115 Heterologous priming 319 Hematoma(s) 102, 103, 107 Heteropolymer 340 Hematophageous 19, 168, 170 Heteropolytungstate 345 Hematophagous arthropod 19, 168, 170 HeV (Hendra virus) 10, 43 Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) 10 HFRS (H(a)emorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) 10, 19 Hematuria 95, 106–108, 115 HHS ((Department of) Health and Human Services) 10, 51 Hemidactylus mabouia (Afro-American house gecko) 168 Hiccups 96, 103, 107, 108 Hemiplegia 107, 115 High-efficiency particulate-absorbing (HEPA) 10, 48 Hemiptera 169 High-efficiency particulate absorbing (HEPA or N100) Hemoconcentration 102, 111 respirators 10, 48, 271, 295 Hemoglobin 110–113, 115 High-frequency transmitters (Super spreaders) 81 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 266 High-mannose 216, 232–234 Hemoptysis 103, 106, 107 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 10 Hemorrhage see also Bleeding, Hemorrhaging 19, 96, 101, High-Security Animal Disease Laboratory (HSADL) 10, 107, 121, 131, 133, 135, 136, 140, 208, 256 45 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis 106, High-throughput 345 Hemorrhagic fever surveillance system 281 Hippocampal neuron 227 H(a)emorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) 10, Hippocampus 128, 227 19–21, 41 Hippopotamus 286 Hemorrhagic fever throughout the text Hipposideros cyclops (Old world leaf-nosed bat) 163 Hemorrhaging see also Bleeding, Hemorrhage 19, 104, Hipposideros gigas 160 106, 125, 127, 132, 140, 257 Hipposideros ruber (Noack’s roundleaf bat) 163 Hemosiderosis 123, 136 His-tagged 276 Hemosorbent 335 Histiocyte 122, 133 Hemostatic change 257 Histoplasmosis 19, 266 Hendra virus (HeV) 10, 43, 54 HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) 10 Hendra virus 24, 43 HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus 1) 81, 84, 109, Henipavirus 24, 43, 51, 52, 160, 201 144, 201, 215, 217, 226–229, 232–238, 240, 248, 249, Henipavirus(es) 51, 52, 160, 201 255, 259, 263, 279, 307 Henle-Koch 171 HIV-2 215 HEPA (High-efficiency particulate-absorbing) 10, 48, 295 HLA-DR 252, 255 Hepadnaviridae 265 hMGL (Human macrophage galactose- and N- Heparin 208, 337, 339 acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectin) 10, 234 Heparinase 232 HMVEC (Human lung-derived microvascular endothelial Hepatic failure 110 cell(s)) 10, 258, 259 Hepatic venous portal sinus 253 Hoax 57 Hepatitis A or B, non-A=B266 Hogan (MARV-Hogan) 32, 33, 60 Hepatitis A virus 52 Hokkaido virus (HOKV) 10, 21 Hepatitis B virus 240 HOKV (Hokkaido virus) 10, 21 Hepatitis virus 265 Holland see Netherlands Hepatitis=hepatitides 52, 102, 122, 126, 137, 265, 240, 266 Holoenzyme 200, 222, 225, 242, 250, 251 Hepatocyte throughout the text Home care 293 Index 381
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 10 58 Human throughout the text Homeopathic treatment 338 Hunt=Hunting 83, 153, 155, 158, 159, 289, 293 Homodimer 184, 185, 194, 206–208, 224 Hunter(s) 14, 38, 67, 82–85, 144, 154, 158 Homo-oligomerization 197, 200, 203, 220, 242 Hunter-gatherer 145, 146 Homoptera 168 HUT-78 cell 173, 226 Honey bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) 169 HUVE (Human umbilical vein endothelial) 10, 171–173, Hookworms 70 212, 213, 226–228, 236, 253, 254, 258–260 Horizontal budding 177, 244, 245 Hyaluronidase 175, 226 Horizontal 34, 177, 178, 244, 245, 251 Hybomys univittatus (One-striped forest mouse) 164 Horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) 169 Hybrid 203, 216, 247, 319, 336 Horsefly=horseflies 68, 168 Hybridoma 274, 340, 341 Horseradish peroxidase (POD) see also Peroxidase 11, Hyderabad 49 273, 275 Hydraulic conductivity assay 208 Horses 68, 175 Hydrophobicity 202, 240 Horseshoe 175 Hygromycin-B 250 HOS (Human osteosarcoma) 10, 172, 173, 227, 238 Hylobates (Gibbon) 156 Hospital throughout the text Hylomyscus (Wood mice) 162 Host throughout the text Hylomyscus carillus (Baer’s wood mouse) 165 House mice (Mus musculus)168 Hylomyscus stella (Stella wood mouse) 164 House rat (Rattus rattus) 86, 162, 166 Hymenoptera 169 HPIV (Human parainfluenza virus) 10 Hype 15 HPIV-3 (Human parainfluenza virus 3) 10, 329 Hyperbilirubinemia 102 HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) 10, Hypercoagulation 112, 135, 257, 259 216 Hyperemia 110, 121, 122, 138, 139 HPS see Hantavirus (cardio-)pulmonary syndrome Hyperesthesia 101 HSADL (High-Security Animal Disease Laboratory) 10, 45 Hyperhidrosis 107 Hsp70 213 Hyperimmune 82, 109, 110, 274, 275, 338, 339, 345 HT1080 cell 236 Hyperimmune caprine globulin 339 HT-2 toxin 54 Hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin 339 HTNV (Hantaan virus) 10, 21 Hyperimmune equine serum=sera 110, 339, 82, 109 Huey Cocoliztli 96 Hyperlacrimation 108 Huh7 (Human liver) cell 171 Hyperolius viridiflavus (Common reed frog) 168 Human adenovirus 5 (AdHu5) 317 Hypertrophy 127, 128, 136 Human amnion cell 171 Hypoalbuminemia 102 Human coxsackievirus B5 51 Hypocalcemia 102, 111 Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 10, 172 Hypocoagulation 112, 257 Human embryonic lung fibroblast(s) 106, 113, 171, 226 Hypokalemia 101 Human glioblastoma 229 Hypomenorrhea 102 Human herpesvirus 1 261, 265, 342 Hypoproteinemia 101, 335 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 10 Hypovitaminosis 102 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) 53, 81 Hypsignathus monstrosus (Hammer-headed fruit bat) Human lung-derived microvascular endothelial cell(s) 160–162 (HMVEC) 10, 258 Hystrix cristata (Crested porcupines) 84 Human macrophage galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine- specific C-type lectin (hMGL) 10, 234 Human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell 10, 172, 227 Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) 10 Human parainfluenza virus 1 175 I Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) 10, 329 1918 H1N1 influenza A virus 51, 58, 108 Human polymerase I 244 I domain see also Self-interacting domain 203, 204 Human respiratory syncytial virus 202 i.m. (Intramuscular(ly)) throughout the text Human respiratory syncytial virus 24 i.p. (Intraperitoneal(ly)) throughout the text Human T-cell leukemia virus 219 i.v. (Intravenous(ly)) 10, 306, 307, 312 Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) 10, 171, I-309 258 226 Iatrogenic 283 382 Index
IC50 (50% maximum-inhibitory concentration) 10, 234, IL-1a 253, 258 336, 340–342 IL-1b 252–254, 256–260 ICAM (Intercellular adhesion molecule) 10, 208, 233, 255, IL-1RA 256, 257, 336 259, 260 IL-2 215, 219, 252, 256, 257, 305, 332, 337, 345 ICAM-1 208, 258–260 IL-3 254 ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN) 10, 233 IL-4 256–258 ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and IL-6 116, 252–254, 256–260, 312, 337 Related Health Problems) 10, 20, 22, 41–43, 68, 78 IL-7 252, 254 ICR (CD-1) mice 113 IL-8 116, 252–254, 256, 258, 312 ICR mouse-adapted laboratory isolate (ZEBOV-Mayinga-D- IL-10 116, 215, 252, 253, 256, 257 5) 29 IL-12 252, 254, 256, 258, 312 ICR-2A (Frog) cell 172 IL-13 253 Icteric 121, 126 IL-15 253, 256 ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) IL-17 254 10, 23–25, 28, 30, 32, 34–36, 39, 40, 347 Ilahounene 63, 83 IEM (Immunoelectron microscopy) 10, 71 Ilesha virus (ILEV) 10, 20 IFA (Indirect immunofluorescent assay) throughout the Ileum=Ilea 132–134 text ILEV (Ilesha virus) 10, 20 IFN (Interferon) 10, 184, 185, 194, 259–261, 301, 304, Illiterate 292 336, 340, 343, 345, 346 Imbong 63, 83 IFN-a=b-receptor-knock-out 114 Immune complex 111, 256, 259, 273, 275, 340 IFN-a2336 Immune response 104, 114, 160, 208, 212, 216, 224, 249, IFN-a2b 261, 336 252, 256, 257, 259, 262, 264, 298, 302, 317–319, 324, IFN-a4260 328, 332, 338, 344 IFN-a-knock-out 114 Immune system 95, 108, 124, 134, 206, 224, 225, 252, 337 IFN-a hybrid B=D336 Immunoblasts 101 IFN-a 252–254, 256, 258, 260–262, 336, 343 Immunoblot see also Western blot=western blotting 148 IFN-b 253, 258, 260, 261, 336 Immunoelectron 10, 71, 202, 277 IFN-b-albuferon 336 Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) 10, 71, 277 IFN-g 114, 116, 215, 252, 253, 256–258, 260, 262, 263, Immunofiltration 276 305, 312, 313 Immunofluorescence 66, 202 IFN-regulatory factor (IRF) 10 Immunofluorescent focus unit assay 274 IFN-regulatory factor 1 260 Immunogenicity 216, 325 IFN-regulatory factor 3 260 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 73, 122, 136, 140, 141, 201, IgG 72–75, 90, 93, 95, 101, 109, 146, 147, 149, 150–152, 255, 259, 267, 268, 276, 313 157, 159–161, 164, 252, 256, 257, 265, 268, 273–276, Immunomodulator 214, 259, 336, 345 301, 305, 338, 339, 340 Immunosol 276 IgG ELISA 157, 274, 276 Immunosuppressive motif 213–215, 218, 219 IgG subclass response 305 Impalas 144 IgG/IgM-capture ELISA 267 Impedance spectroscopy 208 IgG1a 338 Import 93, 94, 141, 153, 154, 156, 157, 279–281 IgG1b 338 Impression smear 271 IgG1 257, 275, 305, 333, 340, 341 Inactivated=Inactivation 50, 57, 115, 144, 170, 203, 226, IgG2 257, 338 252, 254, 255, 257, 259, 260, 262, 270, 271, 274, 276, IgG3 257, 305 297–299, 301, 302, 304–307, 332, 333, 339, 340 IgG4 257 Inactivation coefficient 297 IgH-2 (Iguana) cell 172 Inapparent 143, 152, 257 IgM 72, 93, 95, 101, 109, 147, 149, 151, 152, 256, 257, Incineration 288, 290 265, 267, 272, 274, 275, 305, 338 Inclusion(s) throughout the text IgM-capture ELISA 267, 274, 275 Incubation period 69, 81, 100, 102, 104–106, 112, 115, Iguana 172 116, 127, 141, 256, 281, 283, 342 IHC (Immunohistochemistry) 267 Index case 70, 75, 76, 80–83, 85, 86–88, 90, 96, 149, 154, IKKe 260, 261 159, 166, 170, 265, 286, 338 IL (Interleukin) 10, 116, 215, 219, 252–254, 256–260, 305, Indian bird(s) 67 312, 332, 336, 337, 345 Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) cell 172, 226 Index 383
Indigenous belief 288, 295 Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera ‘‘Torlak’’ (Institut za Indirect immunoelectron microscopy 277 Virusologiju, Vakcine i Serume «Torlak,» Institute for Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) 10, 267 Immunology and Virology ‘‘Torlak’’) 66 Indium tin oxide 276 Instituto Nacional de Investigacioon y Tecnologı´aAgrariay Indonesia 93, 157, 280 Alimentaria (INIA) (National Institute for Agricultural Ineffective 284, 297, 345, 346 and Food Scientific Research and Technology) 46 Infant(s) 76, 87, 95, 106, 108 Insulin 339 Infectious cDNA clone 57, 182, 203, 213, 242, 244, 248, Integrin 9, 10, 212, 213, 233 263 Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 10 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus 24 Interferon (IFN) 10, 110, 114, 185, 199, 194, 200, 201, Infectious, infectivity throughout the text 219, 249, 253, 260–262, 264, 332, 334 Infektionskliniken, Universitetssjukhuset i Linkooping€ Interferon-antagonistic=antagonist 200, 201, 214, 245, 260, (Linkooping€ University Hospital) 71 261, 336 Infiltration 122, 125–128, 130, 131, 134, 139 Intergenic sequence 179, 185 Inflammatory=inflammation 116, 121–124, 126, 128, 132– Inter-group 155 134, 136–138, 140, 208, 254, 257, 312, 335 Interim guideline 280 Infliximab 337 Interleukin (IL) 10, 116 Influenza 51, 58, 68, 78, 84, 100, 108, 228, 240, 266, 295, Internalization 233, 234 297 International Center for Gibbon Studies in California 280 Influenza A virus 51, 58, 108, 240, 297 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Influenza-like symptom(s) 68, 78, 84, 100, 115, 118, 10, 23, 24, 39 295 International Coordination Committee 290 Influenzavirus(es) 52, 53 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent In-frame initiation 199 Societies 285 Infrastructure 282, 290, 291 International Red Cross 83 Ingenta 1 International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) 10, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigacioon y Tecnologı´a 56 Agraria y Alimentaria) 10, 46 International Social Services 90 INMI (Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Spallanzani) 10, 45 Related Health Problems (ICD) 10, 22, 43, 68 Innate immune response 104, 262 Intervention 59, 78, 119, 279, 282, 283, 286–288, 291, Inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor 343 292, 344 Insect 71,158,159,162,168,169,197,216,219,228,276, Intestines 90, 101, 121, 122, 130, 137 307 Intoxication 265, 266 Insectivore 161, 166 Intoxination 265 Insel Riems see Island of Riems Intracellular cytokine staining 318 INSERM (Institut National de la Sant e et de la Recherche Intracellular membrane proliferation 249 M eedicale) 10, 44, 348 Intracerebral 126, 132 In-situ hybridization (ISH) 136, 140, 141, 201, 209, 259, 267 Intramuscular(ly) (i.m.) throughout the text Insomnia 102 Intranasal(ly) 105, 329, 332, 336 Inspection 44, 56, 92, 280 Intraocular 103 Institut de M eedecine Tropicale du Service de Sant eedes Intraperitoneal(ly) (i.p.) throughout the text Arm eees Pour les Franc°ais 283 Intratracheal 329 Institut fuur€ Virologie (Institute of Virology) 11, 45, 73 Intrauterine 101 Institut fuur€ Viruskrankheiten und Immunprophylaxe (IVI) Intravaginal 101 (Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis) 10, 46 Intravenous(ly) (i.v.) 10, 302, 307, 312, 336, 340 Institut National de la Sant e et de la Recherche M eedicale Intrinsic pathway 111 (INSERM) 10, 44 Intrinsic system 258 Institute for Immunology and Virology ‘‘Torlak’’ (Institut za 1,5-Iodonapthtylazide 299 Virusologiju, Vakcine i Serume «Torlak,» Institute of Ion channel 185, 221 Virology, Vaccines and Sera ‘‘Torlak’’) 53, 55 Ion chelator 245 Institut Pasteur (Pasteur Institute) 283 Ionomycin 245 Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) 11, Ionophore 245 45 IPS-1 260, 261 Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides 53, 55 Ireland 281 384 Index
IRF (IFN-regulatory factor) 10, 260, 347 JNK 212 Iridocyclitis 109 Johannesburg 26, 60–62, 68, 70, 83, 103, 156, 287 Iritis 103, 108 Jok 288 Irkutsk Scientific-Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia Jordan 66 and the Far East 45, 55 Josiah strain 324 Iron ore mining 148 Journalists 18, 285 Iron 122, 148 Juba 86, 87, 149 g-Irradiated 273, 275, 304 Juba Teaching Hospital 149 ISG15 249 Junı´n (Argentinian) h(a)emorrhagic fever 9, 20, 41, 78 ISG15-conjugating enzyme 249 Junı´n virus (JUNV) 10, 19, 20, 41, 51, 52, 54, 78 ISG54 260 JUNV (Junı´n virus) 10, 20, 41 Island of Riems 49 Jurkat (Cell) 172, 173, 227, 229, 232–236, 341 Islets of Langerhans 313 ‘J virus’ 24 Isolated=Isolation throughout the text Isolation center 291 Isolation ward 97, 290, 293, 296 Isoptera (Termites) 169 K Israel 66 K eell e District 63, 83, 85, 154, 289 Issel’s groove-toothed swamp rat (Pelomys minor)166 K562 cell 233, 234, 312 ISTC (International Science and Technology Center) 10, 56 Kabedo Opong 88 Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Kaduku 88 Spallanzani (INMI) (National Institute for Infectious Kakoi 165 Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani) 10, 45 KAMEDO (Disaster Medicine Study Organization) 281 ‘Itacaiunas virus’ 24 Kampungu 64, 86 Italian 80 Kantonsspital Basel (District Hospital Basel) 95 Italy 45, 57, 61, 93, 140, 153, 154, 281 Karamjong 150 IVI (Institut fuur€ Viruskrankheiten und Immunprophylaxe) Karamoja Province 150 10, 46, 224 Karyopherin a1261 Ivindo District 83 Karyopherin a2261 Ivindo River 82 Karyopherin a3261 Ivory Coast see Coote^ d’Ivoire Karyopherin a4261 ‘Ivory Coast ebolavirus’ see also Cooted’Ivoireebolavirus^ Karyorrhectic 122 35 Kasane 144 ‘Ivory Coast ebolavirus’ see also CIEBOV, Coote^ d’Ivoire Kasubi 88 ebolavirus 36 Katakoli 76 Ixodes ricinus 169 Kawasaki disease 266 Ixodidae 169 Kawasaki syndrome 151 KCB (Kunskapscentrum foor€ Mikrobiologisk Beredskap) 10, 46 Kearns-Sayre syndrome 251 J Kemp’s gerbil (Tatera valida)166 J774A.1 (Mouse peritoneal macrophage) cell 171, 173, KEMRI (Kenya Medical Research Institute) 10, 75, 90 261 Kenya throughout the text JAK=STAT 261 Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) 10, 75, 90 Japan 40, 45, 57, 90, 157, 280, 296 Kenyan(s) 147, 156 Japanese 1, 18, 51–54, 57, 156, 160, 349 Keratic precipitates 103, 108 Japanese Airlines 280 Keratinocyte 313 Japanese encephalitis virus 51–54, 160 Keratoconjunctivitis 108 Japanese snow macaque (Macaca fuscata)156 Kern Canyon virus 24, 160 Jasplakinolide 238 Ketosteroid 102 Jassargus distinguendus see also Leafhopper 169 Kexin 211 Jaundice 106, 109, 122 KFDV (Kyasanur Forest disease virus) 10, 22, 42 Jehovah’s Witness 286 Khartoum Hospital 87 ‘Jeilong virus’ 24 Khartoum 149 Jejuna 133 KiCongo 286 Index 385
Kidera 67, 156 L (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) 10, 184, 185, 190, Kidney throughout the text 191, 194, 197, 199, 200, 204, 207, 209, 222–226, 238, Kikwit (ZEBOV-Kik) 10, 25, 27, 29, 33, 62, 179 239, 242–244, 247, 344 Kikwit’s General Referral Hospital (L’Hoopital^ G een eeral de Ldomainsee also Late-budding motif(s) 204 R eef eerence de Kikwit) 81, 102, 284, 286 L-68 (Human embryonic lung fibroblast) 113, 171–173, Kikwit II Maternity Unit (Maternit eedeKikwitII) 81 226 Kikwit 15, 27, 62, 77, 80, 81, 96, 99, 107, 108, 109, 150, La Base Lobaye 145 154, 158, 165–168, 256, 265, 281, 285, 286 La Rose Croix 289 Kilifi 147 La Zadi e Health District 83 Kilombo 165 Labia majora 100, 102 Kimbio-longo 338 Labor 115 Kinase 9, 10, 11, 101, 117, 118, 196, 212, 218, 224, 235, Laboratoire P4 Jean M eerieux 44 236, 249, 253, 259, 260, 312 Laboratory throughout the text Kindijimbu 338 Laboratory accident(s) see also Laboratory-acquired Kindoki 283 infection(s) 41, 50, 71, 72, 82, 86, 88, 119, 271, 294, Kinixys belliana (Bell’s hinged-back tortoise) 168 295, 336 Kinshasa 60, 62, 76, 81, 109, 283 Laboratory diagnosis 265, 267, 274 Kipuka 286 Laboratory-acquired infection(s) see also Laboratory Kiryandongo 88 accident(s) 59 Kisumu 70, 71 Lacor 88 Kitale 61, 71 LaCrosse virus 52 Kitum Cave 70, 71, 159 Lactic dehydrogenase 113, 118 Knock-down 212, 221, 238, 251 Lactoferrin 254 Kolongo virus 24 lacZ 227 Kongo-bululu 338 Lagovirus 19 Kongoni (Hartebeest) 162 Laisamis 147 Kongo-Pemba 286, 287 Lake Kyoga 67, 70 Konzo (Tropical ataxic neuropathy, epidemic tropical spastic Lake Victoria 67, 70, 71 paraparesis) 285 Lake Victoria marburgvirus (MARV) XIII, 1, 10, 13, 18, Korean Airlines 280 21, 26, 27, 34, 36, 38–40, 42, 51, 53, 54, 60–65, 68, 176, Kota 85, 289 179, 192–194, 196, 197, 200, 204, 210, 224, 229, 230, 309 Kozak 190, 201, 209, 252 Lake Victoria marburgvirus 24, 35, 39, 42 Kpelle 148 Lamina propria 136 Kudus (Tragelaphus)155 Lamprophis fuliginosus (African brown house snakes) Kum (SEBOV-Kum) 61, 88 168 Kunjin virus 213 Landa-landa 286 Kunskapscentrum foor€ Mikrobiologisk Beredskap (KCB) Landsat 153 10, 46 Langerhans cell 313 Kupffer cell 122, 123, 125–128, 130, 136–138, 140, 253, Langerin 233 255 Language(s) 1, 15–18, 64, 146, 282, 292 Kwanga-Ngamzi 165 Langur(s) (Presbytis)67 Kwilu River 80, 286 Lapped-eared free-tailed bat (Chaerephon major)163 Kwilu Subregion 80 Large-scale production 172 Kyasanur Forest disease 10, 19, 22, 42, 51, 52, 54 Large-spotted genet (Genetta tigrina)165 Kyle Dam National Park 68 Larifan 345 Kysanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) 22 Laropi 156 Lassa fever 20, 22, 41 Lassa virus (LASV) 20, 41, 51, 52, 54, 144, 148, 281, 323, L 324 l (Leader sequence) 10, 25, 180–183, 185, 190–193, 242– Lastoursville 62, 82, 147 244, 247 LASV (Lassa virus) 10, 20, 41, 321, 323 L (Mouse embryo) cell 171, 226, 238, 343 Late endosomal compartment 202, 249 L (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene) 10, 25, 28–32, Late endosome 204, 249, 251 34, 35, 160, 179–183, 185, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 222, Late-budding motif(s) see also L domain 204, 245, 248– 223, 225, 243, 268, 269, 344 251 386 Index
Latrunculin-A 203 Light-driven reaction 276 Lattice 202 Lightweight stretcher isolator 296 LD50 (Median lethal dose) 112, 114, 124, 126, 135, 136, Linamarin 285 138, 252, 254, 257, 262, 302, 305–312, 315–317, 319– Lineage 33, 34, 71, 73, 77, 160, 161, 216 324, 326–329, 341, 342 Lingala 283, 284 Le Dantec virus 24 Linkooping€ University Hospital (Infektionskliniken, Leader see also l 10, 25, 31, 180, 190–192, 242, 247, 286, Universitetssjukhuset i Linkooping)€ 71 289, 290 Linognathidae (Smooth sucking-lice) 167 Leafhopper see also Austria agallia, Cercopis vulnerata, Lipid(s) 235, 241, 249, 250, 251, 302, 306, 345 Errastunus ocellaris, Haemiatolorna dorsata, Jassargus Lipid A 302, 306 distinguendus, Psammotettix alienus, Psammotettix Lipid raft 235, 249, 251 confinis, Psammotettix helvolus, Psammotettix Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10, 312 nodosus 168, 169 Lipoproteinemia 112 Leaflet 287, 292 Liposome 203, 302, 306, 307 Left shift 101, 112, 116, 254 Liquefying organ 14 Legend 14, 286 Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry 216 Leigh’s syndrome 251 Liquor 284 Lemniscomys striatus (Striped grass rat) 162, 164, 165 Lirangu 75, 86, 88 Lemur (Lemuridae) 157 Lisala Zone 162 Lemuridae (Lemur) 157 Listeria monocytogenes 52 Lentivirus 81, 214, 233, 234, 342 Little collared fruit bats (Myonycteris torquata)160 Leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis)168 Little free-tailed bat (Chaerephon pumila) 159, 165 Leptomeninges 121 Liver throughout the text Leptospira 65 Liver=lymph node-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin Leptospire 175 (L-SIGN) 10, 233 Leptospirosis 144, 266 LLC-MK2 (Cell) 343 Lesion(s) 99, 100, 106, 108, 118, 122–125, 128, 132, 133, LNA (Locked nucleic acid(s)) 10, 343 137, 139, 140, 259 Lobaye District 145, 146, 166 Lesser red musk screw (Crocidura hirta)165 Locked nucleic acid(s) (LNA) 10, 343 Lethargic=Lethargy 110, 114, 117, 118 Loco 145 Lettuce necrotic yellows virus 24 Lodwar 147 Leukocyte(s) 101, 110, 112, 115, 125, 126, 130, 137, 254, Lofa County 148 258 Logging 82, 83, 146, 155 Leukocytosis 102, 106, 112, 113, 117, 133, 134, 254 Logistical problem 284 Leukopenia 101, 102, 104, 106, 116, 254 Logistics 15, 279, 285, 305 Leukotriene A4 258 Lokou eeClearing 86 Leukotriene B4 253, 258 Lolo of SHM (Soci eet e de la Haute Mondah) 82 Lexis Nexis 285 Lolodorf-Bipindi 144 Leydig 134 Lomi ee144 L’Hoopital^ de Mosango (Mosango Hospital) 81 London 46, 47, 66, 67, 294, 296 L’Hoopital^ de Vanga (Vanga Hospital) 81 Longitudinal budding 244 L’Hoopital^ de Yasa-Bonga (Yasa Bonga Hospital) 81 Long-term storage 55, 297 L’Hoopital^ G een eeral de R eef eerence de Kikwit (Kikwit General Loop 11, 131, 180, 182, 190–192, 202, 209, 213, 218, 240, Referral Hospital) 81 242, 271 L’Hoopital^ R eegional de Makokou (Makokou Regional Loop(s) of Henle 131 Hospital) 83 Lophocebus albigena (White-cheeked Mangabey) 157 Libela 150 Lophocebus aterrimus (Black mangabey) 165 Liberia 62, 95, 148 Lophuromys (Brush-furred rats) 162, 164, 165 Libido 102 Lophuromys flavopunctatus (Eastern brush-furred rat) 165 Libreville 62, 82–84, 150 Lophuromys sikapusi (Rahm’s brush-furred rat) 162, LiChrosorb-Diol-HPLC 216 164 LiChrosorb-NH2-HPLC 216 Lord Derby’s scaly-tailed squirrel (Anomalurus derbianus) Licorice 342 164, 165 Lifecycle 225 Loss of vision see also Blindness 108 Light 125, 137, 199, 224, 226, 276, 297, 298 Lossi Sanctuary Area 155 Index 387
Louping ill virus 54 mAb AE11 203 LoVo 210 mAb IC6 319 Lower Saxony 95 mAb KZ51 170, 275, 276 LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) 10 mAb KZ52 340 LSECtin 234 mAb Res2-6C8 272 L-Selectin 207 mAb Res2-1D8 272 L-SIGN (Liver=lymph node-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non- mAb(s) see also Monoclonal antibody=antibodies 10, 273, integrin) 10, 233, 234 274, 276, 303, 313, 319, 339, 340, 341 Luanda (Province) 75 Macaca cyclopis (Formosan-rock macaque) 156 Lumbar pain 103, 107 Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque) 90, 135 Lumpy skin disease virus 51 Macaca fuscata (Japanese snow macaque) 156 Lunar Receiving Station 282 Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) 67, 135 Lung throughout the text Macaca nemestrina (Pigtailed macaque) 156 Lungulu 61, 79 Machupo (Bolivian) haemorrhagic fever 20, 41 Luyia 147 Machupo virus (MACV) 10, 20, 41, 51, 52, 54 Luzon 27, 61, 62, 92 Macrophage throughout the text Lycosid spider 168 Macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP) 10, 116 Lymphadenitis 107 Macula 103 Lymphadenopathy=lymphadenopathies 137 Maculopapular 100, 107, 110, 112, 115, 119, 290, 339 Lymphatic system 122 Maculopapular rash see also Morbilliform rash 100, 107, Lymph node(s) throughout the text 110, 112, 115, 119, 290, 339 Lymphoblast 112, 116, 136, 138 MACV (Machupo virus) 10, 20, 41 Lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction 332 Madagascar 148, 153 Lymphocyte throughout the text Madina-Ula District 147 Lymphocytic 52,53,122,125,126,128,138,332 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) 10, 172, 226 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 19, 53, 54 Magical poison dart 283 Lymphoid depletion 124, 136 Magnesium 298 Lymphotoxin-a-knock-out 114 Main Directorate for Radiological, Chemical, and Biological Lyophilized, lyophilization 54, 55 Defense 82 Lysosome 202, 249 Mainland drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus)157 Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 202 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 10, 212 Lysosomotropic 238 Makokou (ZEBOV-Makokou) 29 Lyssavirus 24, 160 Makokou 29, 62, 63, 79, 82, 83, 147, 151, 231 Makokou General Hospital 82 Makokou Health District 82 M Makokou Hospital 79 M(Matrixprotein) 10,202,248,249 Makokou Regional Hospital (L’Hoopital^ R eegional de M (Matrix-protein gene) 10, 248 Makokou) 83 M2-1 protein 219 Malacia 128, 133 MA-104 (African green monkey kidney epithelial) cell Malacomys lukolelae (Big-eared swamp rat) 165 173, 216, 226, 247, 251 Malaise 100, 103, 106 mAb 12=1.1 236, 303, 304 Malanje (Province) 75 mAb 133=3.16 341 Malaria 15, 19, 70, 84, 154, 240, 266, 290, 292, 298, mAb 15H10 272 335 mAb 17A3 272 Malawi 153 mAb 2C4 274 Malaysia 43, 157 mAb 226=8.1 341 Malbroucks see also African green monkey, Chlorocebus mAb 2A7 273 aethiops 64 mAb 2H6 273 Maleo (SEBOV-Mal) 10, 28, 33, 61, 90 mAb 3-3D 272, 273 Maleo-Yambio0401 (SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0401) 28, 33 mAb 3B11 272 Maleo-Yambio0402 (SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0402) 28, 33 mAb 6D11 272 Maleo-Yambio0403 (SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0403) 28, 33 mAb 662=1.1 236, 303, 304 Malindi 147 mAb 6F7 319 Mallory’s phosphotungstic acid-hematoxilin (PTAH) 11 mAb 746=16.2 236, 303, 304 Malonic dialdehyde 111 388 Index
Malpighian bodies=corpuscules 123, 127 MARV-06DRC99 (06DRC99, 06DRC99may01) 30, 63 Mami wata 290 MARV-06DRC99-2 (06DRC99-2) 30, 63 Mammary gland 134 MARV-08DRC99 (08DRC99, 08DRC99may09) 30, 63 Mandoto 148 MARV-10DRC99 (10DRC99, 10DRC99aug06) 30, 63 Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)157 MARV-11DRC99 (11DRC99, 11DRC99aug18) 30, 63 Mandrill(s) (Mandrillus) 83, 157 MARV-12DRC00 (12DRC00, 12DRC00jan08) 30, 63 Mandrillus leucophaeus (Mainland drill) 157 MARV-13DRC00 (13DRC00, 13DRC00jan15) 30, 63 Mandrillus sphinx (Mandrill) 157 MARV-14DRC00 (14DRC00, 14DRC00jan22) 30, 63 Manila 28, 91–93 MARV-15DRC00 (15DRC00, 15DRC00feb13) 30, 63 Manis (Pangolin) 85, 161, 163, 165 MARV-16DRC00 (16DRC00, 16DRC00feb11) 30, 63 Manis tricuspis (African tree pangolin) 163, 165 MARV-17DRC00 (17DRC00, 17DRC00feb02) 31, 63 Man-made 15 MARV-18DRC00 (18DRC00, 18DRC00feb14) 31, 63 Mannose-binding protein (MBP) 10, 256 MARV-19DRC00 (19DRC00, 19DRC00feb23) 31, 63 Mannosyl 342 MARV-20DRC00 (20DRC00, 20DRC00feb12) 31, 63 Mano 148 MARV-21DRC00 (21DRC00, 21DRC00feb24) 31, 63 Mansonia (Mansonioides) africana 167 MARV-22DRC00 (22DRC00, 22DRC00may05) 31, 63 MAP (Mitogen-activated protein) 10, 312 MARV-23DRC00 (23DRC00, 23DRC00mar23) 31, 63 MAP kinase 312 MARV-24DRC00 (24DRC00, 24DRC00apr04) 31, 63 MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) 10, 212, 236 MARV-25DRC00 (25DRC00, 25DRC00aug23) 31, 63 Maranke 70, 149 MARV-26DRC00 (26DRC00, 26DRC00may20) 31, 63 Marburg an der Lahn 13, 17, 26, 45, 49, 52, 54, 60, 64, 66– MARV-27DRC00 (27DRC00, 27DRC00jul03) 31, 63 68, 100, 102, 109, 121, 154, 294, 347 MARV-28DRC00 (28DRC00, 28DRC00jul10) 31, 63 ‘‘Marburg disease’’ see also Marburgvirus disease (MVD) MARV-29DRC00 (29DRC00, 29DRC00jul14) 31, 63 68 MARV-30DRC00 (30DRC00, 30DRC00aug05) 31, 63 Marburgvirus disease (MVD) 11, 57, 65, 68, 69, 72, 74, MARV-31DRC00 (31DRC00, 31DRC00aug11) 31, 63 100, 103, 121, 123 MARV-32DRC00 (32DRC00, 32DRC00aug13) 31, 63 ‘‘Marburg-like viruses’’ see also Marburgvirus 34 MARV-32DRC00-2 (32DRC00-2) 31, 63 ‘‘Marburg monkey disease’’ see also Marburgvirus disease MARV-33DRC00 (33DRC00, 33DRC00aug17) 31, 63 (MVD) 68 MARV-34DRC00 (34DRC00, 34DRC00aug23) 31, 63 ‘‘Marburg simian disease’’ see also Marburgvirus disease MARV-Angola 26, 31, 64, 75, 104, 179, 186–189, 193, (MVD) 68 206, 214, 217–219, 224, 229, 230, 259, 270, 327, 328, 337 Marburgvirus 21, 24, 35, 39, 42 MARV-Ci67 (Marburg’67) 26, 31, 56, 60, 68, 75, 149, 172, ‘Marburg virus’ see also Lake Victoria marburgvirus, 179, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, 217–219, 226, 230, 254, MARV 10, 13, 23, 25, 34, 35 316–319 Marburg virus disease see also Marburgvirus disease (MVD) MARV-Cru (CRO, Cro) 31, 60, 70 21, 42, 68 MARV-DRC-5=99-Aru (07DRC, 07DRC99, ‘‘Marburg Krankheit’’ see also Marburgvirus disease (MVD) 07DRC99may08) 26, 31, 63, 73, 186–189, 193, 206, 68 214, 217–219, 230 Marburger Affenkrankheit see also Marburgvirus disease MARV-DRC-5=99-Dra (05DRC, 05DRCmay08) 26, 31, (MVD) 68 63, 73, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, 217–219, 230 Marburgvirus see Lake Victoria marburgvirus, MARV MARV-DRC-5=99-Nga (09DRC, 09DRCmay26) 26, 31, Maridi 13, 27, 28, 60, 75, 78, 86–88, 149, 159, 283 63, 71, 73, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, 217–219, 230 Maridi City Hospital 86 MARV-Flak (‘‘F’’) 31, 60, 68, 105, 128 ‘‘Maridi-h€aamorrhagisches Fieber’’ see also SEVD, Sudan MARV-Hartz (‘‘H’’) 32, 60, 68 ebolavirus disease 78 MARV-Hogan 32, 60, 70 ‘‘Maridi hemorrhagic fever’’ see also SEVD, Sudan MARV-‘‘L’’ 32, 60 ebolavirus disease 78 MARV-like particles (mVLP) 11 Maroua 144, 150 MARV-Mus throughout the text Marsupial 172, 226, 228 MARV-Musoke-pp3 26, 31, 186–189, 206, 214, 217–219, MARV (Lake Victoria marburgvirus) throughout the text 230 MARV-01DRC99 (01DRC99, 01DRC99apr12) 30, 63 MARV-Musoke-pp4 26, 32, 186–189, 206, 214, 217, 219, MARV-02DRC99 (02DRC99, 02DRC99apr26) 30, 63 230 MARV-03DRC99 (03DRC99, 03DRC99apr30) 30, 63 MARV-Ozo 26, 32, 60, 70, 179, 186–189, 193, 206, 214, MARV-04DRC99 (04DRC99, 04DRC99may01) 30, 63 217–219, 230 MARV-05DRC99-2 (05DRC99-2) 30, 63 MARV-Pop throughout the text Index 389
MARV-Porton 32, 60, 68 MBGGP3Prb 270 MARV-Rat (RYT, Ryc) 32, 60, 68, 214, 217, 219, 230, MBGV (‘Marburg virus’) see also Lake Victoria 270 marburgvirus, MARV 10, 34 MARV-Ravn (RAV) 26, 32, 61, 73, 172, 179, 186–189, MBL (Maximum Biosafety Level) 10, 40 193, 201, 206, 214, 216–219, 230, 254, 262, 271, 307, Mboko 85, 289 310, 316–319, 324, 327, 328, 330, 331, 333, 339 Mbomandzokou 83 MARV-‘‘U’’ 32, 55, 61, 71 Mbomo 63, 64, 83, 85, 86, 154, 160, 289 MARV-Voe (VOG) 32, 54, 55, 60, 68, 144, 251 Mbomo District 83, 85, 154, 289 Maryland 1, 17, 26, 27, 47, 49, 56, 86, 95, 296, 347 M’Bomou 145 Maryland County (Coote^ d’Ivoire) 95 Mbondo 284 Masaka 156 MBP (Mannose-binding protein) 10, 256 Masindi 63, 88, 287, 288 Mbuti 85 Masindi District 88 Mbwambala 165 Masinga 147 MCF7 (Human epithelial breast carcinoma) cell 173, 199, Mask 102, 106, 285, 259 200, 226 Mask-like expression 102 MCL (Maximum containment Level) 10, 47, 255 Mastomys (Multimammate rats) 20, 41, 164, 165, 168 Mcl-1 255 Mastomys natalensis (Multimammate rat) 165, 168 MCP (Macrophage chemotactic protein) 10, 116, 252, 253, Matadi-Ngoussa 147 256–258, 262, 337 Maternit e de Kikwit (Kikwit II Maternity Unit) 81 MCP-1 252, 253, 256–258, 262, 337 Mathematical model 33, 78 MDCK (Canis familaris=Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell Mathematician 286 10,172,173,226,227 Matrix metalloprotease 215 M domain see also Membrane-association domain 204 Matrix protein (M) 9, 10, 25, 114, 184, 185, 190, 194, 201, Measles 19, 24, 116, 202, 266, 290 202, 204–206, 218, 221, 225, 248, 254, 257 Measles virus 24 Matrix-protein gene (M)10 Measles virus 19, 202 Maturation 204, 210, 211, 218, 221, 244, 255, 263, Mecca 281 305, 307 Mecklenburg Vorpommern see Mecklenburg-Western Mauritius 156, 280 Pomerania Maximum Biosafety Level (MBL) 10, 40 Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 49 Maximum Containment – Biosafety Level 4 40 M eedecins Sans Fronti eeres (MSF, Doctors Without Borders) Maximum containment Level (MCL) 10 90 Maximum-containment clinic see also Biocontainment suite, Media 14, 15, 38, 44, 285, 295 Maximum-containment clinical ward, ‘‘Slammer’’ 86 Median lethal dose (LD50) 10, 112 Maximum-containment clinical ward 295, 296 Medical Investigation (TV series) 14 Maximum-containment Laboratory (MCL) 47–49, 265, Medical University Hospital Marburg an der Lahn 267, 295 (Medizinische Universit€aatsklinik Marburg an der Maximum-containment 15, 18, 43, 44, 47, 48–50, 182, Lahn) 66 263, 289, 295, 305, 340 Medizinische Universit€aatsklinik Marburg an der Lahn 50% Maximum-effective concentration (EC50)9 (Medical University Hospital Marburg an der Lahn) 66 50% Maximum-inhibitory concentration (IC50)10 Medje free-tailed bat (Mops congicus)163 Maximum-parsimony analysis 34 Medline see PubMed May eela-Mbeza 62, 79 Medulla oblongata 122 Mayibout I 62, 82, 147 Medulla 122, 127, 131 Mayibout II 62, 82, 147, 154 Mefloquine 335 Mayibout1996 29 Megakaryocytes 101, 127 Mayinga (ZEBOV-May) 10, 25, 27, 29, 33, 55, 60, 179, Megaloglossus woermanni (Woermann’s bat) 160, 165 184, 195, 200, 204, 208, 210, 217, 220, 224, 229 Megaphone 285 Mbarara District 63, 88 MEK inhibitor 245 Mbati 145 Mekambo-01 (ZEBOV-Mekambo-01) 29, 63 Mbatika 144 M eekambo 29, 63, 83 Mbatika-Sasse 162 M eekouka 62, 79, 82, 154 Mbeti 85, 289 MELAS (Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic MBGGP3 forward 270 acidemia and stroke-like episodes) 10, 251 MBGGP3 reverse 270 Melbourne 44, 296 390 Index
Melena see also Bloody stool(s) 101, 103, 106–108, 110 Military conflict see also Civil war 73, 97, 153 Meltrin a 240 Millennium (TV series) 14 Membrane anchor 206, 207, 214, 219, 241 Millipedes (Alloporus)168 Membrane permeability 250 Mimic 19, 342 Membrane throughout the text Mine(s) 69, 73, 75, 150, 159, 161, 287 Membrane-association domain see also Mdomain 202 Miner(s) 73, 74, 150, 159, 287 Memory-cell cloning 332 Mining 73, 79, 85, 148, 287 Menangle virus 51 Miniopterus minor (Small bent-winged bat) 165 Mendemba 29, 63, 83, 154, 231 Minireplicon 182, 200, 221, 225, 242–244, 247 Mendemba A (ZEBOV-Mendemba-A) 29, 63, 231 Mink eeb ee62,79,147,154 Mendemba B (ZEBOV-Mendemba-B) 29, 63, 231 Mink eeb e Forest 83, 155 Mengovirus 328 Minsk 44, 55, 144 Meninges 128, 138 Miopithecus talapoin (Talapoin monkey) 156, 157 Meningism 100 MIP-1a 253, 254, 256–258, 312 Meningitis 108, 128, 133 MIP-1b 253, 258 Meningoencephalitis 128 MIP-3b 258 Menoporidae (Poultry body-lice) 167 Miridae (Plant bugs) 169 Mer 236 Misikhu Mission Hospital 79 Mermaid 290 Misinformation 285 Mesenchymal 121, 123 Mission M eedicale Franc°aise 283 Mesopotamian diagnostic handbook 96 Mistrust 282, 286, 290, 292 Messor barbarus capensis (Myrmicine ant) 168 Mite 168, 169 Metal 297, 298 Mitochondria 10, 178, 245, 251 Metamyelocytes 101, 262 Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidemia and Metaplasia 125, 127 stroke-like episodes (MELAS) 251 Metapneumovirus 24 Mitochondrial impairment 251 Methanol 297, 298 Mitogen 215, 219, 255, 337 Methylation analysis 216 Mitogen stimulation 255, 219 Methylene blue 298 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) 10, 196, 212, 253, 255 Methyltransferase 185, 194, 224, 343 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 10 Metzincin 215 Mitosis=mitoses 125, 126 Mexico 60, 96 Mitotic figures 123, 125, 126, 128, 130 MHC (Major histocompatibility complex) 10, 212, 213, Mixed class response 305 259, 260, 302, 307, 312 MLD (Mucin-like domain) 10, 210, 211–213, 216, 217, MHC class I 212, 213, 259, 260, 302 228, 229, 234, 238, 239, 312 MHC class II 312 MLV (Murine leukemia virus) 10, 211, 228, 248, 249 Mice=Mouse throughout the text MN FP 269 Microarray 253, 271 MN P 269 Microcarrier 172 MN RP 269 Microchiroptera 160 MNFP 269 Microclimate 153 MNP 269 Microcystin (Cyanginosin) 54 MNRP 269 Microfilament 137, 238 Mobai 149 Microglia 122, 128 Mobaye (Zone) 75 Microparticle 258 Mobaye-Bongo 76 Micropteropus pusillus (Peter’s dwarf epauletted fruit bat) Mobutu, Joseph (Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga) 160, 165 286 Microsporidia 52 Mock exercise 16 Microthrombi 111 Modeccin toxin 54 Microtubule 204, 205, 237, 238, 250, 251 Modeling 69, 153, 180, 286 Microtubule-associated protein 2 205 Moist wooded grassland 145 Middle East Crisis see also Six Days War 66, 67 Molecular mass 175, 179, 191, 201, 210, 216, 219, 221, Migration 191, 233 223 Military 15, 16, 56, 73, 97, 109, 149, 153, 191, 233, 285, Molecular mimicry 252 291, 296 Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) 11, 229, 238 Index 391
Moloundou 144, 162 Mount Elgon see also Mt. Elgon 70, 79, 147 Mombassa 26, 61, 71 Mouse model 138, 313 MoMLV (Moloney murine leukemia virus) 11, 229, 241 Mouse=Mice (Mus musculus) throughout the text Mona monkey(s) (Cercopithecus mona)156,157 Mouse-adapted=adaptation throughout the text Mondenge 289 Moustached guenon(s) (Cercopithecus cephus cephus)162 Monensin 202 Moustached monkey (Cercopithecus cephus)157 Mongala River 23 Mozambique 153 Mongome 85, 289 Mpassa District 83 Mongoose 161, 165 MPO 254 Monkey meat see also Bush meat 76 MRC-5 (Human lung fibroblast) 173, 342, 226, 343 Monkeypox virus 19, 51, 54 mRNA throughout the text Monocistronic 190, 225, 241 MSF (M eedecins Sans Fronti eeres, Doctors without Borders Monoclonal antibody=antibodies (mAb(s)) 10, 157, 170, 75, 90 234–236, 274, 340 Mt. Elgon bat virus 160 Monocyte 112, 122, 125, 126, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, Mt. Elgon see also Mount Elgon 20, 61 172, 208, 209, 212, 226, 227, 229, 236, 252, 253, 255, MT-2 cell 172, 173, 227, 232 256, 263 Mucin-like domain (MLD) 10, 210, 211, 216, 218, 228, Monocytosis 101 234, 341 Monomer 175, 184, 185, 197, 200, 202–204, 216, 217, Mucor 109 249, 251, 342 Mucormycosis 109 Mononegavirad see also Mononegavirales,Mononegavirus Mucosa 101, 122, 130, 132–134, 136, 138, 140, 257 13 Mucosal immunity 328 Mononegavirus see also Mononegavirales 13, 23, 24, 202, Mucousmembrane(s) 100,116,121,122,128,136,284 219, 242 Muju virus (MUJV) 11, 21 Mononegavirales see also Mononegavirus 23, 24, 39, 169 MUJV (Muju virus) 11, 21 Mononuclear cell 116, 125–128, 139, 140, 215, 253–256, Multibasic motif 206, 210 258, 259, 268, 301 Multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis)165,168 Mononucleosis 266 Multimammate rats (Mastomys)164 Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1)10 Multiorgan failure 110, 335 Mono-ubiqutinylation 248 Multi-parameter flow-cytometry assay 318 Monovalent 342 Multiplex RT-PCR 268 Monster 288 Multi-ubiquitinylation 248, 249 Montana 49 Multivalent DNA vaccine 317 Monzombo 145 Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) 194, 202, 218, 221, 225, Mops condylurus (Angola free-tailed bat) 159, 163, 165 249–251 Mops congicus (Medje free-tailed bat) 163 Mumps virus 19, 24 Mops nanulus (Dwarf free-tailed bat) 163, 165 Mungos mungo (Banded mongoose) 165 Mops niveiventer (White-bellied free-tailed bat) 165 Munchenu€ see Munich Mops thersites (Railer bat) 163, 165 Munich 67, 296 Mops trevori (Trevor’s bat) 86 Muunster€ 61, 92, 288 Mora 150 Mupeshi-peshi 338 Morbilliform rash see also Maculopapular rash 106, 115 Murder 289 Morbillivirus 24, 223 Murid 228 Moribund 112, 118, 133, 140, 255, 270 Muridae 166 Morpholino nucleic acid 343 Murine leukemia virus (MLV) 10, 211, 228, 229, 238, 240 Morphology 23, 78, 87, 171, 176, 178, 182, 196, 199, 246, Murine typhus 266 247, 248, 260, 271 Murray Valley encephalitis virus 54 Mortality rate see Case-fatality rate Mus minutoides (African pygmy mouse) 165 Mosango Hospital (L’Hoopital^ de Mosango) 81, 108 Mus musculus (House mouse) 86, 168 Mosquito=mosquitoes 20–22, 68, 162, 167, 169, 172 Mus setulosus 166, 167 ‘Mossman virus’ 24 Mus triton (Grey-bellied pygmy mouse) 165 Moth 170 Muscle 34,100,106,109,121,132,228,313 Moth-eaten 179 Muscle-satellite cell 228 Moukoro 147 Muscle tonus 106 Mount Elgon National Park 70, 71, 159 Muscularis 124, 127 392 Index
Music 287 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Muslim 281 11 Musoke (MARV-Mus) 26, 31–34, 56, 61, 140, 178, 186– National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF) 11, 49 189, 193, 194, 196, 197, 200, 204, 206, 210, 214, 217– National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center 224, 229, 230 (NBACC) 11, 49 Mvadi 62, 82, 147 National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric MVA-T7 325 Diseases (NCZVED) 11, 47, 347, 348 MVD (Marburgvirus disease) throughout the text National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory 49, 347 mVLP (MARV-like particles) 11, 251, 305, 307–309, 312 National High Security Quarantine Laboratory (NHSQL) Mvoula 29, 63, 85, 231 11, 44 Mvoula A (ZEBOV-Mvoula) 29 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Mwebe 80 (NIBSC) 11, 47 Mweka 64, 86 National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) 11, Mwene-Ditu 64, 86 46, 73, 285 Myalgia 68, 100, 103, 106, 107, 109, 115, 116, 118 National Institute for Communicable Diseases of South Myanmar see Burma Africa 291, 348 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 52 National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) 11, 47 Mycoplasma capricolum 51 National Institute of Virology (NIV) 11, 285, 287, 291 Mycoplasma mycoides capri 51 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides 51 (NIAID) 11, 16, 51, 52, 347 Mydriasis 109 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 11, 47, 347 Myelocytes 101, 262 National Laboratories of the Defence Science Myelopoietic precursor 254 Organization 46 Myocarditis 102, 139 National Patriotic Front of Liberia 95 Myocardium=myocardia 122, 132, 133, 138 Natural killer (NK) 11, 112, 226 Myoclonia 100, Nausea 68, 95, 100, 103, 107, 115, 118 Myocyte 228 NBACC (National Biodefense Analysis and Myocytolysis 139 Countermeasures Center) 11 Myonycteris torquata (Little collared fruit bat) 160, 161 NBAF (National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility) 11 Myopterus whitleyi (Bini free-tailed bat) 165 NC-37 (Cell) 234 Myosin 10 248 NCZVED (National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Myotis bocagei (Rufous mouse-eared bat) 163, 165 Enteric Diseases) 11, 47, 347, 348 Myristoylation=myristoylated 214, 219 Ndjoukou 85 Myrmicine ant (Messor barbarus capensis)168 Ndoki 283 Ndolwa 67 Ndowoyo 70, 149 Nebraska Medical Center 296 N Necropsy=necropsies see also Autopsy=autopsies, Post N (Nucleocapsid protein gene) 11, 191 mortem 48, 66, 67, 70, 92, 95, 117, 135, 137, 139, N (Nucleocapsid protein) 11, 194 140, 154, 337 N’Djamena 150 Necrosis=necroses throughout the text ‘‘N3’’ 53, 222 Nedd4 184, 204, 248–251 N95 respirator(s) 295 Needle prick 252 NAIP (Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein) 11, 255 Needle(s) see also Syringe 66, 71, 77, 78, 86, 87, 96, 108, Nairobi Hospital 70, 71 110, 252, 271, 283, 284, 329, 339 ‘‘Naked DNA’’ 310, 333 Nef 238 Namalu Tokora 150 Negative-pressure medical-containment bed isolators 284 Namasale 67 Negative-pressure plastic isolator 296 Nandinia binotata (African palm civet) 165 Neighbor-joining analysis 34 Nanoemulsion 298 Nematocera 169 Nanosphere 313 Nematode anticoagulant protein c2 11, 337 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Nematode 11, 138, 337 11, 282 ‘Nemaviridae’ 23 Nasopharyngeal washing(s) 72, 104 Neonatal 76, 87, 128, 227 National Academy of Sciences 56 Neophlebotomus (Sergentomyia)167 Index 393
Neotragus pygmaeus (Royal antelope) 163 Nipah virus (NiV) 11, 43, 54 Netherlands 49, 57, 67, 91, 281 Nipah virus 43 Network 56, 75, 90, 155, 218, 250, 251, 270, 271, 282, NIS (Newly Independent States) 11, 21, 41, 47 287, 292, 301 Nitrate 255, 258 Neuroendocrine cell 122 Nitric oxide 116, 255, 258 Neurological disorder 251 Nitric oxide synthase 258 Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein (NAIP) 11, 255, 258 Nitrocellulose 276 Neuronophagia 128 NIV (National Institute of Virology) 11, 73 Neutralization assay 143, 157, 182 NiV (Nipah virus) 11, 43, 73 Neutralized=Neutralizing 105, 118, 182, 207, 211, 229, Niveau de S eecurit e Biologique (NSB) 4 11, 40 262, 302, 303–305, 313, 325, 333, 338, 340–342 Nixon (President) 56 Neutrophil activation 207, 208 NK (Natural killer) 11, 112, 116, 136, 141, 219, 226, 252, Neutrophil(s) 101, 104, 110, 111, 116, 126, 127, 133, 134, 254, 255, 301, 304, 308, 312, 313, 332 137–139, 172, 173, 207, 208, 226, 227, 236, 254, 257, NK-92 MI (Cell) 226 258, 262, 340 Nkongsamba 150, 151 Neutrophilia 111–113, 117, 254, 256 NKp30 (Cytotoxicity receptor) 312 New World 14, 154 NMRI mice 120 Newcastle disease virus 51 NNS (Nonsegmented negative-stranded) 11, 180, 185, 202, Newcastle disease virus 24 204, 224, 225, 239, 243, 260 Newcastle General Hospital 296 Noack’s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros ruber)163 Newcastle-upon-Tyne 296 Nocodazole 204, 205, 237 Newly Independent States (NIS) 11, 47, 56, 144 Non-English literature 18 New York 15, 49, 91, 155, 281 Nonhuman-primate vaccine 334 New York City Department of Health 281 Nonphosphorylated 196, 201, 220, 242 New York State Health Department 280 Nonsegmented negative-stranded (NNS) 11, 180 NF-kB312 Nonsynonymous 216 Ngali eema Hospital 76 50-Norcarbocyclic ribavirin 342 Nganga 283 Nordrhein-Westfalen see North Rhine-Westphalia Ngari virus (NRIV) 11, 20 Normothermia 107 N-glycosylation=N-glycosylated/N-glycosides=N- North Rhine-Westphalia 67, 92 glycan(s) 184, 206, 208–210, 217, 221, 232, 233 Northern blot 253 Ngome Savanna 165 Northern Zone 149 Ngotto forest 166 Nosocomial 73, 78, 88, 89, 108, 284, 290, 282, 292 Ngouni e Province 150 Nostoc ellipsosporum 342 NHSQL (National High Security Quarantine Laboratory) Nouna River 79, 147 11, 44 Novirhabdovirus 24 NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious NP (Nucleoprotein) throughout the text Diseases) 11, 16, 49, 52, 347 NP (Nucleoprotein gene) 11, 25, 28, 29–33, 114, 180–185, NIAID Category A Priority Pathogen(s) 16 186, 188, 191–193, 200, 222, 223, 241–244, 252, 256, NIAID Integrated Research Facility 347 261, 269 NIAID Priority Pathogen(s) 16, 51, 52 c3-Npc A (3-deazaneplanocin A) 9, 343 NIBSC (National Institute for Biological Standards and NPC-1 (Niemann Pick C-1) 11, 205 Control) 11, 47 NRIV (Ngari virus) 11, 20 NICD (National Institute for Communicable Diseases) 11, NS see also VP35 184, 191 46, 73, 348 NSB (Niveau de S eecurit e Biologique) 11, 40 Niche modeling 69, 153 Nsork 150 Nicotine hemisulfate 345 Ntolo 63, 83 Niedersachsen see Lower Saxony 41=7 Nuclear matrix protein 254, 257 Niemann Pick C-1 (NPC-1) cell 11, 205 Nucleocapsid protein (N) 11, 191, 198 Nigeria 148 Nucleocapsid protein gene (N)11 Niglyzin 342 Nucleopolyhedrovirus 333 NIH (National Institutes of Health) 11, 47, 347 Nucleopolyhedrovirus see Autographa californica multiple NIH 3T3 (Cell) 227, 234, 236 nucleopolyhedrovirus Nilotic tribe(s) 89 Nucleoprotein (NP) 11, 24, 33, 157, 170, 184, 185, 191, NIMR (National Institute for Medical Research) 11, 47 194, 197, 199, 225, 250, 251, 345 394 Index
Nucleoprotein gene (NP) 11, 180, 191, 192 Oligomerization 197, 200, 203, 204, 220, 242, 249–251, Nucleorhabdovirus 24 345 Nucleoside analogue 342 Oligomucous epithelial cell 139 Nucleotide numbering 181–183, 193 Oligonucleotide mapping 25, 33 Nucleotide triphosphate-binding element 224 Oligospermia 102 Nucleus=nuclei 125, 128, 130, 138, 175, 178, 260 Oliguria 107 Nude 114 Olive baboon (Papio anubis) 90, 154, 156, 157 Nurse(s)=Nursed 66, 68–70, 80, 83, 87, 88, 90, 103, 109, Olivier’s shrew (Crocidura olivieri)165 281, 282, 287, 288, 289, 296 Olloba (ZEBOV-Olloba) 29 Nutritional support 335 Olloba 29, 63, 83–85, 154, 231 ‘Nyamanini virus’ 24 Omaha 296 Nyanda 61, 70 Omay 70, 149 Nyanza Province (Kenya) 71 Ombella M’Poko 145 Nycteribiidae 161 Omdurman 86 Nycteris (Slit-faced bats) 163 Omdurman Hospital 86 Nycteris hispida (Hairy slit-faced bat) 165 Omdurman Military Hospital 149 Nyk 236 Omentum 101 Nystatin 235 Omsk h(a)emorrhagic fever 19, 22, 42 Nzakara 145 Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) 11, 22, 42, 51, 54 Nzara 28, 60, 61, 86–88, 149, 293 Oncogene 236 Nzara Hospital 86, 88 Ondo 148 Nzara-Yambio-Lirangu (Triangle) 75, 86, 88 One-step (PCR) 268–270 Nzoia 26, 61, 70, 147 One-striped forest mouse (Hybomys univittatus)164 Open reading frame (ORF) 11, 180–183, 192, 193, 199, 201, 205, 207, 209, 216, 217, 222, 223, 241, 252 O Opepe 289 Observation area 293 Ophthalmoplegia 109 Occluding 259 Optic nerve 109 Ochlorotatus 169 Optical immunosensor 276 Octyl-b-glucoside 232 Oracle 284 Ocular 108 Oral fluid 268 Ocular pain 106, 108 Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)156 Odynophagia 103, 107 Orbits 114 Odzala-Kokoua National Park 85 Orbivirus 19 Oenomys hypoxanthus (Rufous-nosed rat) 164, 165 ‘Orchid fleck virus’ 23, 24 Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outre- Orchitis=orchitides 100, 102, 103, 108 Mer (ORSTOM) 11, 283 ORF (Open reading frame) 11, 181–183, 193, 222, 223, Offices de Mines d’Or de Kilo Mito (OKIMO) 11, 287 269 O-glycosylation=O-glycosylated=O-glycan 184, 194, 199, Organelle breakdown 178 206, 209–211, 216, 217, 234 Orientale Region 73 Ogoou ee-Ivindo (Province) 79, 82, 83–85, 147, 150, 151, Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) sonrai 169 154 Oropouche virus 54 Ogoou ee-Lolo (Province) 82 Orotidine-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitor 343 OHFV (Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus) 11 22, 42 Orpailleurs see also Gold miners 73 OKIMO (Offices de Mines d’Or de Kilo Mito) 11, 287 ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Old World 154, 163 d’Outre-Mer) 11, 283 Old world leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros cyclops)163 Orsza´gos Epidemioloogiai Koozpont€ (National Center for Olfactory 105, 138 Epidemiology) 45 0 0 2 ,5 -(A)n-Oligoadenylate synthetase 259, 260 Orthobunyavirus 23 Oligoclonal cocktail 341 Orthobunyavirus 20 Oligodendrocyte 122, 227 Orthologue 233, 239, 248 Oligomannoglycan 342 Orthopoxvirus 43 Oligomannosidic 209, 216, 234 Osmium tetroxide 297 Oligomer(s) 11, 194, 200, 203, 220, 344 Oubanguian 146 Oligomeric 184, 199, 204, 249 Outbreak (Movie) 14, 285 Index 395
Outbreak(s) throughout the text Paresthesia 101 Outsider 286 Paris 17,35,283,285 Ovan 62, 79 Parotitis 108 Ovaries 121, 122, 133, 138 Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 11, 103, 113 Oviducts 133, 137 Passage rite 293 6-Oxo-prostaglandin F1a 111, 258 Passive immunization 71 Ozolin (MARV-Ozo) 11, 26, 32, 33, 34, 60, 179 Pasteur Institute (Institut Pasteur) 283, 285 Patas monkey(s) (Erythrocebus patas) 156, 157 Pathog eene de Classe (P)4 40 P Pathogenesis 56, 70, 120, 140, 182, 201, 205, 208, 213, P(T=S)AP 184, 204–206, 248–250, 239, 251, 252, 258, 259, 263 P15E 214, 215 Pathogenic=Pathogenicity 15, 40, 51, 52, 92, 105, 106, p38 261 113, 115, 117, 182, 215, 305 p53 212 Pathology=pathological 22, 56, 66, 96, 99, 106, 110, 113, p6 249 116, 118, 120–124, 126–128, 131, 134–136, 138–141, Paclitaxel 205, 237 212, 226, 251, 252, 256, 263, 336 Palate 100, 103, 106 Paul-Ehrlich Institut (Paul Ehrlich Institute) 66 Palmitoylation 214 PC (Physical containment) 11, 40 Palpation 100, 103, 106, 109, 115 PC5 211 Pamphlet 285, 290 PC7 211 Pan paniscus (Bonobo, pygmy chimpanzee) 165 PCR (Polymerase-chain reaction) 11, 95, 109, 117, 166, Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) 157 209, 253, 256, 267, 268, 270 Pan troglodytes troglodytes (Central chimpanzee) 79 Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome 251 Pan troglodytes verus (Western chimpanzee) 94 PECAM-1 259 Panama 149, 151 Peeling 100, 102 Pancreas 121, 251 Pel’s pouched bat (Saccolaimus peli)163 Pancreatic human islet 227 Pelomys (Groove-toothed swamp rats) 166 Pancreatic islets 122, 134 Pelomys campanae (Groove-toothed creek rat) 165 Pancreatitis 103 Pelomys minor (Issel’s groove-toothed swamp rat) 166 Panencephalitis 128 Pennant’s red colobus monkey (Procolobus pennantii)164 Paneth cell(s) 139 Pennsylvania 33, 92, 154 Pangolin (Manis) 85, 154, 161, 163, 165 Pennsylvania (REBOV-Pennsylvania) 27, 28, 61, 92, 179– Panhandle 180, 182, 190–192, 243 181, 186, 188, 189, 205, 210, 213–215, 232, 236 Panic 14, 285, 291 Pentagon 15 Panther toad (Bufo regularis)168 Pentatomidae (Stink bugs) 169 Pantropic 253 Pentecostal 286 Papaverine 245 People’s Liberation Movement 290 Papio anubis (Olive baboon) 90, 157 Pepscan 274 Papio cynocephalus (Yellow baboon) 156 Peptide inhibitor 345 Papio hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon) 68, 135 Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) 11, 343 Papio ursinus (Chacma baboon) 157 Peptide-conjugated PMO (P-PMO) 344 PAPR (Powered air-purifying respirator(s)) 11, 295 Peracetic acid 297 Paracetamol 335 Perforin 256, 257, 262, 263, 305, 312, 313 Paralysis 107, 109 Periarteriolar sheet 137 Paramyxoviridae see also Paramyxovirus 23, 24, 43, 175, Pericarditis 108 192, 201 Perinuclear 175, 197, 199, 202, 213, 221 Paramyxovirus see also Paramyxoviridae 191, 192, 202, Periodicity 175, 240 332 3-4 Periodicity 240 Paramyxovirus 24 Periorbital 109, 133 Parathyroid 133, 134 Peripheral blood mononuclear cell(s) 116, 215, 253, 255, Paraxerus (Bush squirrels) 164 256, 258, 268 Paraxerus alexandri (Alexander’s bush squirrel) 165 Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) 168 Parenchyma=parenchymatous 121, 122, 125, 126, 132, Peritoneal exudate 172 134, 138, 140 Peritoneal macrophage 171, 172, 226, 253, 261, 262 Parenterally 111, 126, 127 Peritoneal 105, 137, 172 396 Index
Peritonitis 130 Physical Containment (PC) 11, 40, 43 Perivascular cuffings 128 Physician 66, 68, 70, 77–79, 83, 108, 109, 280, 283, 287, Permit 56,280,290,293 289, 294, 296, 301 Perodicticus potto (Golden potto) 164 PIADC (Plum Island Animal Disease Center) 11, 49 Peronosclerospora philippinensis 51 Picornaviridae 265 Peroxidase see also Horseradish peroxidase, POD 11, 273, Pied crow (Corvus albus)70 275 Pig (Sus scrofa)172 Peroxide 259 Pigeon 159, 168 Perpendicular 177 Pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina)156 Persistence 101, 102, 116, 120, 167, 262, 263 Piliocolobus badius (Western red colobus monkey) 158 Personnel 16, 40, 48–50, 55, 58, 64, 66, 70, 92, 99, 150, Pinocytosis 137, 262 268, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287, 292, 296, 325 Pipistrellus nanus (Banana bat) 163, 165 Person-to-person 78, 97, 111, 284, 290, 292 PK-15 (Sus scrofa=pig) cell 172, 226 Perturbation 158, 205 PKR (dsRNA-dependent protein kinase) 11, 259–261 Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus 51 Placebo 346 Pet ee144 Plague film(s) 14 Pet 162, 280 Plague see also Black Death, Yersinia pestis 14, 45, 47, 55, Petechiae 101, 103, 107, 117, 130, 133, 136, 137 96, 266 Peter’s duiker 162 Plakoglobin 259 Peter’s dwarf epauletted fruit bat (Micropteropus pusillus) Plant 23, 50, 51, 164, 167, 168, 285, 333, 338, 342 165 Plant bugs (Hemiptera, Miridae) 169 Petrodromus tetradactylus (Forest elephant shrew) 165 Plaque morphology 182, 260 Pfn = Pfptm1Sdz 262 Plaque pick (pp) 11, 26, 31, 32, 179 pfu (Plaque-forming unit(s)) throughout the text Plaque-forming unit(s) (pfu) 11, 112 PGI2 (Prostacyclin) 335 Plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) 11, 307, 309, pH 220, 224, 227, 232, 238, 240, 298 312, 323, 325, 332 Phage-display libraries 340 Plasma cell 101, 122, 139, 255 Pharmaceuticals 64, 283, 287, 336, 346 Plasma filtration 72 Pharyngitis 102, 106, 133 Plasma membrane 177, 178, 199, 202, 209, 213, 214, 217, Phenolic disinfectant 297 218, 221, 225–227, 239, 244–246, 249–251 Philadelphia 27, 61, 92, 93, 154 Plasmablasts 101 Philippines 13, 27, 33, 42, 59, 61, 62, 65, 90–94, 149, 153, Plasmapheresis 339 156, 157, 159, 179, 273, 274, 280, 281 Plasminogen 258 Philippines1992 (REBOV-Philippines1992) 28, 33, 61, 93 Plasmodia 58, 70 Philippines1996 (REBOV-Philippines1996) 27, 28, 32, 33, Plastic 38, 295, 296, 298 62, 93, 179–181, 186–189, 210, 213–215 Plateau 148 Philopteridae (Feather-chewing lice) 167 Platelet activation 258 Phlebotominae 169 Platelet and vascular disorders 266 Phloxintartrazine 171 Platelet(s) see also Thrombocyte(s) 102, 103, 111, 112, Phorbol ester 235 117, 118, 139, 258, 266 Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate 226 Play 14, 85, 116, 191, 200, 202–205, 211, 221, 225, 233, Phosphatase 9, 101, 219, 220, 259 236, 242, 250, 259, 264, 285, 290, 337, 338 Phosphate 220, 298 Pleebo 95 Phosphatidylinositol 207, 235, 240 Pleocytosis 102 Phosphodiesterase 245 Pleomorphic 169, 175, 178, 244, 245, 247 Phospholipase C 235 Pleural 122, 125, 130, 138 Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer(s) (PMO) 11, Ploceus cucullatus (Black-headed weaver bird) 70 344 Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) 11, 49 Phosphorylated=phosphorylation 184, 185, 194–197, 200, PMO (Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer(s)) 11, 201, 218–220, 236, 242, 254, 259–261, 343 344 Phosphoserine 196, 197, 220 PNA (Peptide nucleic acid) 11, 343 Phosphothreonine 196, 220 Pneumocytes 133, 134 Photodynamic treatment 298 Pneumonia virus of mice 192 Photophobia 100, 106, 108 Pneumonitis 124, 125, 127, 128 Phylogeny, phylogenetic 23, 34 Pneumovirinae see also Pneumovirus(es) 24, 192, 223 Index 397
Pneumovirus 24 Poxviridae 43 Pneumovirus(es) see also Pneumovirinae 23, 219 Poxvirus(es) 52, 328 PNGase 209 pp (Plaque pick) 11, 179 POD (Horseradish peroxidase) see also Peroxidase 11, 272 PP1 219 Podocyte 137, 139 PP2A 219 Poe, Edgar Allan 14 PP2C 219, 220 Poikilocytosis 106 PPEY 248, 249 Pointe Noire 150 P-PMO (Peptide-conjugated PMO) 334 Poison object 286 PPXY 184, 194, 204–206, 248, 250 Polioencephalitis 128 Praomys (Soft-furred mice) 162, 164, 166 Poliomyelitis 13, 53, 55, 64, 66, 287 Praomys jacksoni (African forest rat) 164, 166 Poliomyelitis vaccine(s) 13, 64, 66, 287 Praomys tullbergi (Soft-furred rat) 164 Poliovirus 55, 65, 328 Precipitation see also Rain 153 Poly(Pyrrole-benzophenone) film 276 Preclinical safety evaluation 318 Poly-A tail 224 Prednisolone 345 Polyadenylation=Polyadenylated 224, 179, 190, 225, 241 Pre-existing immunity 82, 319, 325, 334 Polyanionic substance 343 Pre-exposure prophylaxis 301 Polychromasia 106 Pre-forest grassland 145 Polyclonal 236, 273, 275, 319, 340, 341 Pregnant 101, 106, 108, 115 Polyethylene glycol-lipid conjugate 345 preGP 207, 210, 211, 213–215, 217–219, 222, 223, 233, Polyethylenimine 344 240 Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) 11, 72, 89, 265 preGPER see also GP0 209, 217 Polymerization 203, 204 Pre-hospital medical emergency service 281 Polymorphonuclear lymphocytes 115 Premature 115, 119, 178, 198 Polyoxiarilene 345 Pre-mouse-adapted 223 Polyoxometallate 345 Presbytis (Langur) 67 Polyribosome 137 pre-sGP 206, 207 Polysorbate (Tween+)297 Press agencies 285 Polyuria 107 Press release 285 Polyvalent 275, 342 Preston, Richard 13, 15, 92 Pongo pygmaeus (Orangutan) 156 Preuss’s monkey (Cercopithecus preusii)157 Pons cerebri 122 Prevalence=prevalent throughout the text Poppinga (MARV-Pop) 11, 26, 32, 33, 34, 53, 60, 179 Prick 88, 110, 252 Porcid 228 Primary caregiver 301 Porcine artery explant 212 Primary human peripheral lymphocytes 173, 226 Portal tract 122, 125, 138 Primate center 92, 95, 156, 280 Port-Gentil 150 Primatologists 83, 85, 95 Porton (MARV-Porton) 32, 60 Primitive 96, 288 Porton Down 46, 47, 50, 60, 65, 88, 115 Prion 51, 78, 240 Porton mice 113 Priority Pathogens see NIAD Priority Pathogens Possession 16, 55, 58, 284 PRNT (Plaque-reduction neutralization test) 11, 306–310, Post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy 277 312, 320, 322, 323, 325, 332 Post-entry restriction 226 Probe 257, 268–270, 299 Poster 285, 287, 290 Procolobus pennantii (Pennant’s red colobus monkey) 164 Post-exposure prophylaxis 301, 328 Proinflammatory cytokine 254, 312 Post mortem see also Autopsy=Autopsies, Necropsy= Proline-directed protein kinase 196 Necropsies 65, 72, 268 ProMED 59 Potamochoerus porcus (Bush pig) 79, 162 Promoter 201, 242–244, 260, 261, 313, 324 Potassium 101, 111, 175, 197, 298 Promyelocytes 101 Potassium tartrate 175, 197 Promyelocytic leukemia-associated protein 261 Potato yellow dwarf virus 24 Pronase 232, 271 Potency 102, 342, 344 Prophylaxis 58, 301, 328, 339, 340, 345 Poultry body-lice (Menoporidae) 167 b-Propiolactone 271, 298 Powassan virus 54 Proprotein convertase 210 Powered air-purifying respirator(s) (PAPR) 11, 295 Proprotein 210 398 Index
Prostacyclin (PGI2) 111, 335 Puumala virus (PUUV) 11, 21 Prostitute 286 PUUV (Puumala virus) 11, 21 Prostration 100, 106 ‘‘Pygmy’’=‘‘pygmies’’ 85, 144–147, 150, 162, 165, 289 Protease 203, 208, 210, 226, 238–240, 247 Pygmy chimpanzee (Bonobo, Pan paniscus)165 Protease-protection assay 247 Pyknotic 122, 138, 140 Protection Level (P)-4 pathogen 40, 333 Pyramidal cells 128 Protective clothing 280, 283–285, 293 Pyrexia see also Fever 100, 105–107, 110, 116 Protective objects 284, 293 Pyriform cortex 128 Protein A 170, 340 Pyroninophil 101 Protein aggregation 213 Python (Python sebae)161 Protein C 258, 337 Protein kinase 9, 10, 11, 196, 212, 236, 253, 259 Proteinase K 232 Q Proteinuria 101 Q fever 266 Proteolysis 206, 208, 215, 301 QS-21 305, 308 Protestant Church 285 Quail 228 Prothrombin time (PT) 11, 103, 111, 118 Quarantine=quarantined 11, 44, 93, 265, 279, 280, 283, Protomer 204 291, 292, 294 Protoxerus stangeri (African giant squirrel) 166 Quartz-crystal microbalance immunosensor 274 Protozoa 19, 265 Quasispecies 209 Psammotettix alienus (European grass-feeding leafhopper) Questionnaire 95, 291 169 Quinine 335 Psammotettix confinis see also Leafhopper 169 Psammotettix helvolus see also Leafhopper 169 Psammotettix nodosus see also Leafhopper 169 R P-selectin 258 R.S.F.S.R. (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Pseudo-1,2-mannobioside 234, 342 Republic) 11, 55, 61, 71 Pseudoknot 199 R0 286 Pseudomonas 266 Rab9 251 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 103 Rabai 147 Pseudo-Pelger-Hu€eet 101, 106, 116 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 19 Pseudo-steppe 145 Rabbit(s) 19, 105, 115, 172, 206, 208, 257, 261, 272–274, Psittacosis 266 304, 338, 339 Psychodidae 169 Rabies 24, 52, 53, 78, 160, 202 Psychological 83, 90, 97, 292, 293 Rabies virus 24,52,53,160,202 Psychosis=psychoses 100, 102 Radio 90, 287 Psychosocial 81 Radio technician 90 Psyllid 168 Radiography 294 PT (Prothrombin time) 11, 103, 105 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) 11, 25, 162 PTAH (Mallory’s phosphotungstic acid-hematoxilin) 11, Radioimmunoprecipitation assay 191, 277 140 Radium suppositories 101 PTAP 248–250 Raft 235, 249, 251 PTAPPPEY 248, 249 Rag-2 114 PtK1=2 (Marsupial kidney epithelial) cell 172, 226 Rahm’s brush-furred rat (Lophuromys sikapusi) 162, 164 PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) 11, 103, 105 Railer bat (Mops thersites) 163, 165 PubMed 1 Railway 284 Puma helicopter 284 Rain see also Precipitation 14, 79, 95, 145, 159 Puncture(d) 66, 86, 88, 103, 107 Rain forest(s) 14, 79, 95, 145, 148, 153, 158, 159, 170 Punished=Punishment 283, 284, 286 Raji (Cell) 234 Purging 284 Rales 115 Purified=Purifying=Purification 25, 56, 157, 199, 200, 202, Ralstonia solanacearum 51 208, 220, 223, 228, 235, 252, 267, 276, 289, 295, 304, Ramos B cell 234 305, 307, 313, 338, 339, 341 RANTES 252–254, 256, 258, 312 Puromycin 227 Ras 236, 245 Purpura 101, 266 Ras=Raf=MEK=ERK signaling pathway 245 Index 399
Rash 71, 95, 96, 100, 104, 106, 107, 110–112, 115, 116, Relic 285 118, 119, 132, 266, 290, 339 Religious 90, 282, 289, 293 Rat(s) (Rattus rattus) 86, 162, 164–166, 230, 270 Remote sensing 153 Ratayczak (MARV-Rat) 11, 32, 33, 60 Renal failure 101, 111, 118 Rattlesnake 172, 338 Reoviridae 19 8625 (Rattlesnake) cell 172 Replicase-transcriptase holoenzyme 200, 222, 225, 242, Rattus rattus (House rat) 86, 162, 166 250, 251 Ravn (MARV-Ravn) 26, 32, 33, 34, 56, 179 Replication throughout the text RAW 264.7 (Mouse peritoneal macrophage) cell 171, 173, Replicon 213, 217, 227, 243, 260, 319–325, 328 261 Reptile 163, 166, 172 RBD (Receptor-binding domain) 11, 208, 210, 211, 217, Requiem 255 228, 229, 239, 333 RES-NP1 269 RD (Human rhabdomyosarcoma) cell 172, 226 RES-NP2 269 Reaferon 110, 336, 339, 345 Resonance energy transfer 207 REBOV (Reston ebolavirus) throughout the text Respiration 102 REBOV-28H 28, 61, 92, 274, 275 Respiratory 19, 52, 57, 100, 103, 106, 110, 111, 115, 134, REBOV-Pennsylvania 27, 28, 61, 92, 179–181, 186–189, 136, 141, 202, 332 205, 210, 213–215, 224, 232, 236, 242–244, 261, 274 Respiratory tract 100, 106, 134 REBOV-Phi 28, 61, 92 Respirovirus 175, 223, 329, 332 REBOV-Philippines1989 see also REBOV-Phi 11, 32 Respirovirus 24, 175, 223, 329, 332 REBOV-Philippines1992 (Manila, 920084) 28, 61, 93 Restlessness 100, 106 REBOV-Philippines1996 (119810) 27, 28, 61, 62, 93, Reston 11, 27, 34, 61, 92, 154, 280 179–181, 186–189, 205, 210, 213–215 Reston ebolavirus 33, 35, 39, 42 REBOV-Sie (12552) 28, 61, 93, 210, 213–215 Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) 11, 13, 18, 27, 33, 35, 36, 39, REBOV-Tex (AZ-1435) 28, 61, 93 40, 42, 61, 62, 65, 78, 90–93, 117, 118, 139, 179–181 28H (REBOV-28H) 28 Reston ebolavirus disease see also Ebolavirus disease 65, Recalcification time 105 78, 92, 93, 117, 118, 139 Receptor candidate 226 ‘Reston Ebola virus’ see also Reston ebolavirus 34 Receptor throughout the text Reticuloendothelial cells 123, 125, 127 Receptor-binding domain (RBD) 11, 208, 210, 211, 217, Reticuloendothelial system 128 228–233 Retina 103 Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 11 Retinoic acid 11, 226, 260 Receptor-mediated endocytosis 225, 237 Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) 11, 260 Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 Retraction fiber 248, 250, 251 (rNAPc2) 11, 337 Retrograde endosomal pathway 202 Recovery=Recovered=Recovering 53, 66–68, 70, 71, 72, Retrospective(ly) 66, 69, 79, 80, 85, 94, 97, 141, 159, 275 75, 79, 80, 88, 95, 100, 102, 103, 105–107, 115–118, Retroviridae 81, 334 159, 160, 168, 208, 209, 256, 288, 294, 340 Re-use(d) 77, 78, 87, 108, 283 Rectum 104, 110, 112, 117, 136 Reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) Red Cross 77, 83, 90, 285, 289 89,235,267,271 Red diarrhea see also Shigellosis 80 Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal Red pulp 121–123, 125, 131, 136–138, 140, 255 amplification (RT-LAMP) 11, 271 Red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) 156, 157 Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) 11 Red-eared guenon (Cercopithecus erythotis)157 Reversion 333 Red-legged sun squirrel (Heliosciurus rufobrachium)164 Rhabdomyolysis 111 Redless squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus)164 Rhabdoviridae see also Rhabdovirus(es) 23, 24, 201 Redtail monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) 162, 163, 165 ‘Rhabdovirus b-1’ see also Lake Victoria marburgvirus, Reduviidae (Assassin bugs) 169 MARV 23 Reference Health Center 287 ‘Rhabodvirus simiae’ see also Lake Victoria marburgvirus, Refugee 282 MARV 23 ReGenesis (TV series) 14 ‘Rhabdovirus (tubulo-)hamatum’ see also Lake Victoria Rehydration 335 marburgvirus, MARV 23 Rejection 287 Rhabdovirus(es) see also Rhabdoviridae 23, 169, 175, 192, Relapse 72, 103 202 Relapsing fever 19, 266 Rheopolyglucin 345 400 Index
Rhesus macaque kidney cell 171 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) 10, 185, 190, 192, Rhesus macaque model 110, 304 194, 200, 222 Rhesus macaque(s) (Macaca mulatta) throughout the text RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (L)10 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 167 RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) 11 Rhipicephalus longus 167 RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS) 11, 201, 259 Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick) 167 RNAi (RNA interference) 11, 184, 201 Rhipicephalus 21, 41, 167 rNAPc2 (Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein Rhodesia see also Zimbabwe 26, 33, 60, 68, 69, 100, 102, c2) 11, 337 121–123, 149, 159, 162, 168, 276 RNAse L 344 Rhynchocyon cirnei (Checkered elephant shrew) 163 RNP(Ribonucleoprotein) 11,184,185,194,200,242 RIA (Radioimmunoassay) 11, 162–164 Road 68, 76, 284, 347, 348 Ribamidyl 345 Roadblock 285 Ribavirin 110, 339, 342, 345 Robert Koch Institute (Robert Koch-Institut) 49, 95 Ribboned rope squirrel (Funisciurus lemniscatus)164 Robert Koch-Institut (Robert Koch Institute) 49 RIBI 306, 308–310, 331–333 Robovirus(es) 19 Ribonuclease protection 253 Rocio virus 54 Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) 11, 185, 194, 197, 200, 250, Rocky Mountain Laboratories 49 251 Rod 175, 176, 178, 194, 197, 204, 240, 245, 246 20-O-Ribose methyltransferase 343 Rodent(s) throughout the text Ribosomal frameshift 199 Rodent-borne 19 Ribosomal frameshifting 252 Rope squirrels (Funisciurus)162 Ricin 51, 52, 54, 169 Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian fruit bat) 160 Rickettsia prowazekii 51, 52, 54 Royal antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus)163 Rickettsia rickettsii 51, 54 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Rickettsia 171 (RSPCA) 67 Rickettsiae 52, 53 Royal 11, 67, 163 Rickettsial 9, 19, 47, 266, 347, 348 Rse 236 Ridostin 336, 345 Rsk-1 212 Rietfontein Hospital 70, 296 Rsp5 204, 248 Rift Valley 11, 19, 21, 51, 52, 54, 148, 160 RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Rift Valley fever 11, 19, 21, 51, 52, 54, 160 Animals) 11, 167 Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) 11, 21, 51, 52, 54, 160 RSS (RNA-silencing suppressor) 11, 201, 259 RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) 11, 260, 261 RT-LAMP (Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal Rigors 100 amplification) 11, 271 RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) 11, RT-PCR (Reverse-transcription PCR) throughout the text 45 RT-PCR inhibitor 267, 270 Rinderpest virus 51 Rubber plantation 148 Ring 176, 177, 203, 204 Rubella 19, 240, 266 Ringer-Lock solution 345 Rubella virus 19, 240 RIP (Receptor-interacting protein) 11, 255 Rubulavirus 24 RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 11, 259 Rufous mouse-eared bat (Myotis bocagei) 163, 165 Risikogruppe [risk group] 4 40 Rufous-nosed rat (Oenomys hypoxanthus) 164, 165 Risk group 15, 39, 40, 43 Rule of six 243 Risk Group 4 40 Rumor 15, 47, 57, 90, 285–287, 290, 293 Risk Group 4 agent 40 Rural 19, 59, 144, 147, 150, 271, 276, 282, 291, 292, 301 Risk Group IV pathogen 15, 40 Russia 17, 21, 40, 41, 45, 50, 52, 53, 56, 62, 64, 65, 82, 86, Ritual consumption 293 109, 119, 120, 281, 282, 294–296, 304, 305, 340, 347, 349 Ritual(s)=Ritually 89, 90, 284–286, 288, 289, 293 Russian 1, 17, 18, 45–47, 50, 53–56, 64, 67, 71, 72, 82, 86, River(s) 13, 15, 23, 68, 79, 80, 82, 147, 153, 154, 156, 159, 95, 96, 109, 119, 120, 294–296, 349 280, 284, 286 Russian Ministry of Defense 82 River blindness 15 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) RNA interference (RNAi) 11 11 RNA silencing see RNAi, RNA interference RVFV (Rift Valley fever virus) 11, 21 RNA template-recognition element 224 Rwanda 153 RNA-binding element 224 Rwot-Obillo 88 Index 401
S Scorpiones (Scorpions) 169 S protein (Hepatitis B virus) 240 Scorpions (Scorpiones) 169 S€aakerhetslaboratorium och Forskning (Containment and Scotophilus (Yellow bats) 163, 165 research laboratory) 46 Scotophilus dinganii (African yellow bat) 165 s.c. (Subcutaneous(ly)) throughout the text Scrotal dermatitis 100 S.S.R. (Soviet Socialist Republic) 11, 55 Scrotum 121 S2-cell expression system 333 Scutisorex somereni (Hero shrew) 163 SA253 (ZEBOV-SA253) 29 SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) 11, 203, 241, 297, 298 Saaremaa virus (SAAV) 11, 20 Sebaceous gland 134 SAAV (Saaremaa virus) 11, 20 Sebocyte 313 Sabia´ virus (SABV) 11, 20, 41, 51, 53 SEBOV (Sudan ebolavirus) throughout the text SABV (Sabia´ virus) 11, 20, 41 SEBOV-Bon (Maridi, VCP2D11) throughout the text Saccolaimus peli (Pel’s pouched bat) 163 SEBOV-Gul throughout the text Sacrifice 92, 93, 113, 139, 288, 294, 313 SEBOV-Kum (KUM) 28, 61, 88 S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors 343 SEBOV-Mal (Nzara, 015176) 28, 61, 88, 147, 210, 213– Saint Kitts and Nevis 156, 280 215, 223 ‘Salem virus’ 24 SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0401 28, 33, 64, 90 Salisbury (Harare) 68 SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0402 28, 33, 64, 90 Salivary gland 132, 134, 139, 140 SEBOV-Maleo-Yambio0403 28, 33, 64, 90 Salmonellae 52 Secondary infection 294, 335 = Salmonella Typhi 53, 54 Secondary secreted soluble glycoprotein (ssGP) 11, 185, Salo 166 191, 203, 206–208, 215–217 Samburu 147 Secret agency 53 Sampling equipment 268 Secreta see also Secretion(s) 19 San Blas Indians 149 Secreted 33, 184, 185, 191, 203, 205–208, 211, 215–217, Sandflies 167, 168 239, 253, 256, 259 = b-Sandwich 202 Secreted soluble glycoprotein (sGP) 11, 203, 207, 208, Sangba 166 216, 217 Sangha 145, 166 Secretion(s) see also secreta 78, 109, 111, 133, 211, 215, Sanguinus fuscicollis (Tamarin) 156 252–254, 271, 307, 312 Saphenous vein explant 212 Sect 289 SAPKb 196 Sedentary inhabitant 146 Saponin 305 Sedimentation coefficient 175 Sarin 57 SEIR (Susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) 11, SatelLife 292 286 Savanna 153, 165 Select Agent(s) 16, 51, 58 Savannah 89, 144, 148, 150 Selenium 251 Saxitoxin 51, 54 Selenocysteine 199, 251, 252 Scale insect 168 Self-interacting domain (I domain) 204 Scarification 284 Self-medication 337 scFv (Single chain variable fragment(s)) 11, 341 Seminal fluid see also Sperm 70, 109 Schistocytes 106 Seminar 285 Schistosoma 138 Seminiferous tubules 132 School 78, 89, 149, 289, 290, 294, 347, 349 Sendai virus 202 SCID (Severe combined immunodeficiency) 11, 114, 117, Sendai virus 24 138, 340, 343 Senegal 52, 149 Scientific-Production Association (SPA) 11, 53, 71 Seoul virus (SEOV) 11, 21 Scientific-Research Anti-Plague Institutes 45, 47, 55 SEOV (Seoul virus) 11, 21 Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology and September 11, 2001 15, 50 Microbiology (SRIEM) 11, 44, 54, 55 Septicemia 103, 169, 266 Scientific-Research Institute of Sanitation of the U.S.S.R. Sequelae 95, 100, 102, 106, 116, 148, 251 Ministry of Defense (Virological Center of the Sequence motif 224 Scientific-Research Institute of Microbiology of the Serbia 13, 57, 64 Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) 53, 55 Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus)167 Sclerophthora rayssiae 51 Sergentomyia schwetzi 167 402 Index
Sergiyev Posad-6 see also Zagorsk 45, 50, 54, 62, 65, 82, Sierra Leone 149 109, 119, 296 Signal peptide 208–210, 217, 233 Serine=threonine protein kinase 212 Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 12 Sermon 285 Signalase 209 Seroconversion 93, 119, 276, 280 Signaling 212, 233, 245, 256 Seroprevalence 145, 146, 151 SIGNR1 233 Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) 11, 101 Silver 297 Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) 11, 101 Simian 202, 212, 236, 315, 319 Serum=sera throughout the text Simian adenovirus 21 315, 319 Sese Islands 67 Simian adenovirus 22 315, 319 SEVD (Sudan ebolavirus disease) throughout the text Simian foamy virus 334 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 52 Simian hemorrhagic fever 91, 117 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) 11 Simian hemorrhagic fever virus 19, 91–93, 117, 140, 159, Sex 95, 110, 130, 141, 288 256 Sexual 66, 70, 81, 109, 288, 290, 294 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) 11, 215, 228 Sexual intercourse 66, 81, 109 Simian virus 5 202 Sf9 19, 201, 216, 219, 307, 311, 330–332 Simplexvirus 42 SFBR (Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Sin 284 Research) 11, 47 Sindbis disease 266 SGOT (Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) 11, Sindbis virus 23 101–103, 105, 106, 110–113, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 304 Singing 287 sGP (Secreted=soluble glycoprotein) 11, 33, 184, 191, 203, Single chain variable fragment(s) (scFv) 11, 341 205–208, 210, 216, 217, 222, 223, 256, 274, 303, 311, Single-chain antibody fragment 341 313, 325, 339, 340 Single-domain antibodies 271 sGPER 206 Sinoia Caves 69, 159 SGPT (Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) 11, 101– Sinus 109, 138, 140, 253, 255 103, 105, 106, 110–113, 115, 117, 118, 298, 304 Sinusoid 123, 125–128, 131, 133, 135–138 6-Shape 175, 176, 178, 179, 196 siRNA (Short double-stranded interfering RNA) 11, 212, Shark 271 221, 242, 259, 343, 344, 345 Sheddase 215 Sitatunga (Tragelaphus) 161, 162 Sheep 105, 165, 338, 345 SIV (Simian immunodeficiency virus) 11, 228, 233, 234 Sheeppox virus 51 Six Days War see also Middle East Crisis 66 b-Sheet 202 Skeleton=skeletal 111, 121, 132 Shepherd’s crook 175, 196 Sketch 285 ‘‘Shifty’’ sequence 199 Skin 51, 66, 75, 96, 99, 100, 102, 108, 121, 122, 128, 133, Shiga toxin 53, 54 136, 257, 267, 292, 313 Shiga-like toxins 51, 54 Skin biopsy 276 Shigella 65 Sky 236 Shigella dysenteriae 53, 54 ‘‘Slammer’’ see also Biocontainment suite, Maximum- Shigellae 52 containment clinic, Maximum-containment clinical ward Shigellosis see also Red diarrhea 19, 80, 86, 266 86, 296 Shiny thicket rat (Thamnomys (Grammomys) rutilans) 162, Slender mongoose (Galerella sanguina)165 164, 166 Slit-faced bats (Nycteris)163 Shock 103, 106–108, 117, 259, 335 Slow-virus (Disease) 78 Short double-stranded interfering RNA (siRNA) 11, 212, Sludging 101 343 Small bent-winged bat (Miniopterus minor)165 Short-palated fruit bat (Casinycteris argynnis)165 ‘‘Small cicadas’’ (Hemiptera, others) 169 Shrew (Crocidura) 120, 160, 163, 165–167, 170 Small-footed shrew (Crocidura parvipes)165 Sialadenitis 133 Smallpox 43, 266, 328 Sialylation=sialylated 184, 199, 206, 209, 216 Small unilamellar vesicle 240 + Sicarius 338 SmartCycler 270 Sicherheitsstufe 40 SMI (Smittskyddsinstitutet) 11, 46 Siderosis 122, 126 Smittskyddsinstitutet (SMI) 11, 46 Siena 11, 33, 61, 93, 154 Smooth sucking-lice (Linognathidae) 167 Siena (REBOV-Sie) 28, 61, 210, 213–215 Snake envenomation 266 Index 403
Snake(s) 163, 168, 266 Special Pathogens Branch (SPB) 11, 47 SNALP (Stable nucleic-acid-lipid particle) 11, 345 Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for SNB-19 (Cell) 229 Communicable Diseases (NICD) 46, 348 SNOPB (Stepnogorsk Scientific Experimental-Industrial Spell 1, 22, 43, 64, 286 Base) 11, 45 Sperm see also Seminal fluid 66, 72 Soci eet e de la Haute Mondah (Lolo of SHM) 82 Spermatograms 102 Social activities 293 Spermatozoa 132 Social mobilization 279, 292 Sphingomyelin 241 Social spider (Stegodyphus dumicola)168 Spider(s) 68, 168–170, 338 Social unit(s) 86, 85, 155 Spiez Laboratory 49 Socio-cultural context 290 Spike 33, 175, 176, 179, 209, 225, 245, 246 Socio-economic cost 293 Spike protein (GP1,2) throughout the text Sodium 11,111,197,288,297,298 Spill-over 155, 158 Sodium deoxycholate 197, 297 Spirit(s) 90, 283, 284, 286, 288, 290 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 11, 297 Spiritual 89, 282, 287, 290, 292 Sodium hypochlorite 288, 297 Spirochete 19, 65 Sodom 286 Spleen throughout the text Soft tissue(s) 121 Splenic 124, 125, 130, 131, 136, 137, 140, 254, 255, 258, Soft-furred mice (Praomys)162 340 Soft-furred rat (Praomys tullbergi)164 Splenomegaly 107, 117, 124 Sokode 61, 70 Splice site 252 Solar radiation 57, 298 Spodoptera frugiperda 201 Somali serotine (Eptesicus somalicus)165 Sponge-like 128, 175 Somalia 151 Spongiocyte 126, 137 Song 285, 287, 293 Spores 15 Sorbitol dehydrogenase 101 Sport 293 Sorcerer(s) 283, 286, 289 Sprague-Dawley rat 227 Sorcery 289, 290, 292, 337 Spumaretrovirinae 334 Sore throat 79, 103, 106, 107 Spumavirus 334 Sores 106 SRCVB (State Research Center for Virology and Soricidae 166 Biotechnology) 11, 46, 53, 86, 109 Sos 236 SRIEM (Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology and South Africa 22, 26, 33, 40, 46, 52, 55, 60–62, 64, 68, 70, Microbiology) 11, 44, 55 73, 82, 83, 109, 156, 157, 281, 285, 287, 291, 348 ssGP (Secondary secreted=soluble glycoprotein) 11, 185, South African Defence Force 296 191, 207, 208, 210, 215–217, 222, 223, 256 South African Institute of Microbiological Research 291 St. Louis encephalitis virus 54, 160 South African Medical Research Institute 283 St. Mary’s Missionary Hospital 88 South African National Institute of Virology 291 ST-383 345 South America(n) 22, 67 ST-725 345 Southeast Asia 144, 153, 156 ST-727 345 Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research Stab cells 101 (SFBR) 11, 47 Stability 33, 57, 224, 225, 342 Soviet Ministry of Public Health 71 Stable nucleic-acid-lipid particle (SNALP) 11, 345 Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.) 11 Standard operating procedure 265 Soviet Union see also U.S.S.R. 16, 27, 52–55, 67, 71, 119, Staphylococcal enterotoxins 51 294, 295, 304 Staphylococcal septicemia 266 SPA (Scientific-Production Association) 11, 53, 55 Staphylococcus aureus 53 Space(s) of Diss e 126–128, 131, 133, 136, 138, 253 Staphylococcus aureus toxins 53, 54 ‘‘Space’’ suit(s) 38, 48, 295 Staphylococcus enterotoxin B 52 Spain 46, 281 Starlifter C-41 plane 284 Spanish influenza 108 Start codon 209, 217 Spasms 106 STAT (Signal transducer and activator of transcription) 12, Spastic 96, 106, 285 260, 261 Spastic tetraparesis 96 STAT-1a 260 SPB (Special Pathogens Branch) 11, 47, 347, 348 STAT1-knock-out 114 404 Index
State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV) 11, 13, 18, 21, 27, 33, 36, 39, (SRCVB) 2, 11, 46, 53, 86, 109, 296, 349 42, 60, 61, 63–65, 77, 86, 88, 115, 179, 182, 195 Statistical model 155, 282 Sudan ebolavirus disease (SEVD) see also Ebolavirus Steatomys pratensis (Fat mouse) 166 disease 11, 65, 78, 87–89, 138 Stegodyphus dumicola (Social spider) 168 Sudan ebolavirus 21, 33, 35, 39, 42 Stegomyia 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 228 ‘Sudan Ebola virus’ see also Sudan ebolavirus 34 Stella wood mouse (Hylomyscus stella)164 SudZaiNP1 (þ)269 Stem-loop 180, 190–192, 242 SudZaiNP1 ( )269 Stepnogorsk Scientific Experimental-Industrial Base SudZaiNP2 (þ)269 (SNOPB) 11, 45, 55 SudZaiNP2 ( )269 Steppe 145 Sugar factory 70 Stereotactic intracerebroventricular injection 227 Suit laboratory 44–48 Sterilization 87, 291 Superfamily 215 Steroids 109 Superinfection 78, 108, 335 Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea)167 Super spreaders (High-frequency transmitters) 81 Stigma=stigmatization=stigmatized 81,90,286,287,290, Supportive care=treatment 335 293, 335 Suprarenal glands 121 Stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) 169 SupT1 cell 173, 227, 232, 172 Stochastic compartmental model 286 Surface (Unit) (SU) 12, 211 Stochomys (Tanget rats) 164 Susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) 11, 286 Stomach 121, 122, 132, 133, 137 Suspension T-cell line 172 Strain 13 guinea pig(s) 56, 201, 307–311, 320–322, 324, SW-13 (Human adrenal gland cortex primary small cell 325, 330–333, 339, 340, 345 carcinoma) cell 172, 226, 247, 251 Strain 2 guinea pig(s) 113, 320, 324 Swahili 147 Streblidae 161 Sweat gland 134 Streptococcal septicemia=rheumatic fever 266 Sweat(s) 100, 133 Stress-fiber formation 259 Sweden 46, 57, 61, 71, 281 Striped grass rat (Lemniscomys striatus) 162, 164, 165 Swedish Rescue Service Agency ‘‘Karlstad’’ 285 Striped tree squirrel (Funisciurus congicus)165 Swelling 68,100,106,121,128 Strychnine 284 Swiss 95, 118, 281 Stupor 107 Swiss mice 128, 324 Stutter=stuttering 209, 224 Switzerland 46, 49, 57, 62, 92, 94, 95, 281 SU (Surface (Unit)) 12, 211, 239 SybrGreen 268 Subacute comatose encephalitis 122 Sylvicapra grimmia (Bush duiker) 165 Subclinical 50, 82, 109, 150, 151, 256, 280, 286 Sylvisorex ollula 166 Subconjunctival hemorrhage(s) 106, 108 Symmetry=Symmetrical 109, 203 Subcutaneous(ly) (s.c.) throughout the text Symposium=symposia 17 Subepicardial 121, 138 Synchytrium endobioticum 51 Subgenomic 190, 344 Syncytia 24, 140, 202, 227, 232 Subicteric 121 Syndrome (Rouge) de Durba 74, 75 Subnuclear organelle nuclear domain 10 261 Synechia 109 Subsistence farmer 145 Synonymous nucleotide diversity 25 Subtilisin 211 Synthesis 197, 224, 225, 241, 242, 249, 261, 268, 270, Subtype(s) 12, 13, 22, 34, 42, 54 343 Subunit vaccine 330 Syria 66 Sucking lice (Trichodectidae) 167 Syrian hamster(s) 105 Suckled 68 Syringe see also Needle(s) 78, 88, 283, 297 Suckling 113, 117, 128, 223 Suckling hamsters 127, 128 Suckling mice 105, 113, 167 T Sucrose 238, 247 t (Trailer sequence) 12, 25, 180–183, 185, 190–193, 243, Sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation analysis 247 244, 247 Sudan 13, 27, 33, 34, 55, 57, 60, 61, 64, 65, 75, 77, 78, 86– T cell 9, 116, 137, 141, 172, 173, 215, 219, 227, 228, 232, 88, 90, 99, 115, 121, 145, 149, 153, 154, 270, 283, 290, 235, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 262, 301, 302, 305, 307, 291, 293, 296 312, 318, 344 Index 405
T-2 toxin 51, 54 Texas (REBOV-Tex) 28, 61, 93 T7 54, 182, 209, 325 Texas Primate Center 92 T7 RNA polymerase 182, 243, 244 TGF-b1258 ‘Taastrupviridae’ 169 TGF-b2258 Tabou District 95, 146 TGF-b3258 TACE (TNF-a-converting enzyme) 12, 207, 215, 219 Th1 116, 305, 312 Tachycardia 100, 106 Th-1 (Turtle cell) 172 Tachypnea 107, 108 Thailand 151 TACTILE (CD96) 252 Thalamus 128, 227 Tactivin 345 Thamnomys (Grammomys) rutilans (Shiny thicket rat) 162, Taipei 46, 91 164, 166 Taı¨ National Park 94, 95, 146, 158, 167, 169 The Hot Zone (Novel) 13, 92 Taiwan 46, 91 TheMasqueoftheRedDeath(Novel) 14 Talapoin monkey (Miopithecus talapoin) 156, 157 Theca-follicular cell 137 Tale 293 Theca-lutein cell 137 Tamarin (Sanguinus)156 Therapeutic index 342, 345 Tana River mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus)156,163 Thermodynamic modeling 180 Tandala (ZEBOV-Tan) 12, 29, 33, 61 Thiopyronine 298 Tandala Mission Hospital 78 THP-1 (Cell) 212, 226 Tanget rats (Stochomys)164 Threat 13–16, 18, 38, 50–52, 56–58, 78, 92, 97, 158, 280– Tantalus monkey (Cercocebus tantalus) see also African 282, 285–287, 293, 297 green monkey 157 Throat Swabs 101, 116 Tanzania 153, 281 Thrombin 101, 175, 226 Tapetum 128 Thrombin time 101, 111, 118 Taqman 270 Thrombocyte(s) see also Platelet(s) 101, 105, 117, 127, Tarpaulin 290, 293 134, 257, 335 Tat 201 Thrombocytopenia 101, 104, 106, 110–113, 115–117, 119, Tatera (Gerbils) 166 256–258 Tatera valida (Kemp’s gerbil) 166 Thromboemboli 337 Taurotragus oryx (Eland) 68 Thrombophlebitis 102 Taxol+ see Paclitaxel Thrombosis 132, 133, 257 Taxon 13, 23, 36 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 266 Taxonomy=Taxonomic 10, 23–25, 34, 36, 39, 40, 51–54, Thromboxane inhibitor 335 64, 68, 78, 120 Thryonomys swinderianus (African great cane rat) 161, Tb 1 Lu (Tadarida brasiliensis=Brazilian free-tailed bat lung) 166 cell 172, 226 Thymol test 111 TBEV-FE (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Far Eastern Thymus 138 subtype) 12, 22, 42 Thyroid 121, 133, 134, 138 TBK-1 260, 261 ‘Tibrogargan virus’ 24 TCID50 (50% tissue-culture infective dose) 12, 117, 329 Tick(s) 12, 19, 21, 22, 41, 42, 51, 52, 54, 68, 71, 167, 168, Tego MGH+ 297 169, 281 Tembura 87 Tick-borne encephalitis virus 22, 42 Template 181–183, 197, 209, 215, 224, 225, 242, 248 Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Far Eastern subtype (TBEV- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick- FE) 12, 22, 42 end labeling 254 Tif 236 Termites (Isoptera) 169, 170 Tight junctions 131, 259 Terpene 342 Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)338 Terrorist 15, 16, 50, 57 Time-course studies 112, 175, 178 Testicles 121 Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy 248 Testicular atrophy 102 Tinnitus 107, 108 Testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 258 50% Tissue-culture infective dose (TCID50)12 Tetracycline 337 Tissue factor see also Clotting factor III, Tissue Tetrodotoxin 51, 54 thromboplastin 258, 337 Texas 33, 47, 49, 65, 69, 72, 74, 76, 80, 84, 87, 89, 91–94, Tissue thromboplastin see also Clotting factor III, Tissue 154, 348 factor 258 406 Index
Titer(s) throughout the text Transduction 226–229, 232–236, 238–241, 307, 336, 342, TM (Transmembrane (Unit)) 12, 210, 213, 218, 219, 228, 345 239, 240, 314, 318, 320, 326, 330–333 Transduced 228 Tn antigen 234 Transducibility 227 TNF receptor type 1-associated death domain receptor Transferrin receptor 202, 212 interacting protein 258 Transformation 236, 332 TNF receptor 256–258 Transformed human B (AA-2) cells 173, 226 TNF-a-converting enzyme (TACE) 12 Transformed human T (CEM) cell 173, 226 TNF-a-knock-out 114 Transformed human T (HUT-78) cell 173, 226 TNF-b 253 Transfused=Transfusion 50, 71, 335, 338, 339 TNF-a (Tumor necrosis factor a) 12, 114, 116, 208, 215, Transgression 283 219, 236, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 262, 301, 304, 312, Transient seropositivity 70 332, 336, 332 Translate(d) 1, 190, 199, 207, 292 TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) 12, 255 Translation(al) 1, 19, 191, 199, 201, 206, 209, 216, 217, TNFRp55 258 225, 236, 242, 260, 344 Toad 168, 172 Transliterated=Transliteration 55, 64, 351 Togaviridae 19, 23, 169, 265, 342 Transmembrane throughout the text Togo 61, 70, 149 Transmembrane (Unit) (TM) 12 Toilet seat 294 Transmethylation 343 Tokyo 45, 57, 91 Transmissibility see also Contagious=contagiousness 14, Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 260 55,294,295 Tongue 106, 118, 132, 134, 136, 138 Transmissible 51, 57, 82, 132, 334 Tonsillar 137, 139 Transmission throughout the text Tonsillitis 133 Transmission chain see also Chains of transmission 73 Tonsils 100, 133, 134, 136 Transmission electron microscopy 139, 254 Tortoises 163 Transmitted 19, 82, 97, 104, 168, 282, 285, 292, 295, Torus 23, 175, 178, 245, 247 334 Toscana virus 160 Transplants 50 Tourist 151 Transplantation 157 Toxoplasma gondii 52 Transport throughout the text ‘‘TPMV-like viruses’’ 24 Transportation 268, 282, 287, 291 Tracheal 122, 126 Transvaal 157 Trade (Restriction) 15 Travel 14, 68–71, 76, 83, 86, 87, 90, 97, 162, 249, 251, Traditional(ly) 76, 285, 289, 290, 292, 337 265, 270, 280, 281, 284, 287, 289–292, 294, 298 Traditional belief 287 Traveler 270, 281, 284, 294, 298 Traditional court 291 Treated 70, 95, 110, 205, 232, 238, 239, 259, 261, 263, Traditional protocol 288 265, 290, 293, 294, 296, 298, 312, 318, 335–338, 342, 344 TRAF1-4 258 Treatment throughout the text Traffic 284, 290 TREM (Triggering receptors expressed in myeloid cells) Tragelaphus (Kudu) 155, 161 12, 254 Tragelaphus scriptus (Bushbuck) 165 Trematode 138 Tragelaphus spekei gratus (Western sitatunga) 155, 161 Tremors 106 TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) 12, 255, Trevor’s bat (Mops trevori)159 258 Triaging 291 Trailer (t) 12, 25, 180, 190–192, 247, 344 Triangle 75, 86 TRAM 260 Tribal 169 Transaminase 11, 101, 102, 112, 118, 122 Tribal dialect 292 Transcribed 180–183, 190–193, 209, 215, 241, 243 Tribe 89, 144, 145, 148, 293, 295 Transcriptase 184, 194, 200, 222, 225, 241, 242, 250, 251 Trichodectidae (Sucking lice) 167 Transcripts 180, 190, 209, 236, 253, 344 Trichomonads 70 Transcription(al) 40, 72, 89, 179–185, 194, 197, 200, 205, Trichoplusia ni 216 207–209, 212, 213, 215, 216, 220, 221, 225, 241–244, TRIF 26 253, 257, 259–261, 263, 265, 267, 268, 271, 312, 343 Triggering receptors expressed in myeloid cells (TREM) Transcriptional initiation 180, 185, 186, 190, 241 12, 254 Transcriptional termination 185, 188, 221, 223, 224 Trimer 184, 194, 204, 207, 211, 217, 221, 238, 240 Index 407
Triterpene 342 U.S. Air Force 285 Triton+ X-100 197, 297 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 12, 51 TRIzol+ 298 U.S. throughout the text Tropical ataxic neuropathy (Epidemic tropical spastic U.S.S.R. see also Soviet Union 47, 50, 53, 56, 61, 71, paraparesis, Konzo) 285 72 Tropical bedbug (Cimex hemipterus) 162, 167 U0126 245 Tropical bont tick (Amblyomma variegatum) 167 U18666A (Cholesterol-trafficking inhibitor) 205 Tropical myeloneuropathy 251 U87 (Cell) 227 Tropicranus albocristatus (White-crested hornbill) 163 UAAUU 176 Truth cocktail 284 Ubc-8 249 Trypanosomiasis 19, 266 UbE1L 249 Trypsin 175, 202, 226, 232, 245, 271 Ubiquitin-conjugating E2-enzyme-variant (UEV) 12, 249 Tryptic peptide-mapping 33 UEV (Ubiquitin-conjugating E2-enzyme-variant) 12, 249 Tsessebes 144 Ufo 236 Tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) 169 UGA (opal)stopcodon 199 Tsg101 184, 194, 204, 249–251 Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) 12, 75 Tsiroanomandidy 148 Uganda throughout the text TsSDL (Center of Special Laboratory Diagnostics and Ukraine 144 Treatment of Especially Dangerous and Exotic Ulcer 106 Infectious Diseases) 12, 45 Ulm 64 Tuberculosis 15, 52, 124 Ultrastructure 134, 175–177, 188 Tubular element 175 Ultraviolet (UV) 12, 297 Tubule 127, 128, 131, 132, 139, 140, 175, 176, 201 Umbilical vein cell 173 Tubulin 184, 204, 205 Uncapped 179 Tubulin-binding motif 205 Unconcentrated 304 ‘Tuburnavirus’ 23 UNESCO World Heritage Site 95 Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) 12, 116, 215 UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Juulio de Mesquita Tumor-susceptibility gene (Tsg) 12, 249 Filho’’) 12, 44 Tunica(e) albuginea(e) 132, 134 UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) 12, 90 Tunica(e) vaginalis=vaginales 132 L’Unit e des Maladies Virales Emergentes 44 Tunicae 130, 132, 137 United Kingdom see also U.K. 50 Tunicamycin 232 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 12 Tupaia paramyxovirus 24 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Turkana 147 Diseases (USAMRIID) 1, 2, 26, 27, 47, 49, 86 Turkeys 228 United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 47 Turtle 172 Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Juulio de Mesquita Filho’’ Tva 212 (UNESP) 12, 44 + Tween (Polysorbate) 298 University of Minnesota 64 Two gemo 288 University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) 12, 47, 49, Two-hybrid 203, 247 348 Type 1 transmembrane protein 210, 217 Untransformed 236 Type I interferon 114, 199, 201, 249, 260, 261 Untranslated 190, 244 Typhoid fever 19, 76, 86, 266 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) bilineata 167 Typhus 266 Uranyl acetate 176 Tyro3 236 Urate 298 Tyro7 236 Urban 14, 57, 59, 75, 144, 166, 284, 291, 292 Tyro12 236 Urban legend 14 Tyrosine kinase 249, 259 Urea 101–103, 111–113, 115, 117, 118, 203, 298 Tyrosine phosphatase 259 Urinary tract 122 Urine 72, 101, 104, 105, 110, 116, 139, 140 USAMRIID (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of U Infectious Diseases) 12, 47, 49, 56, 86, 296 U (Human amnion) cell 171, 226 USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) 12, 51 U.K. see also United Kingdom 40, 46, 48, 52, 55, 58, 60, Uterine horn 137 66, 88, 115, 282, 294–296 Uterus=uteri 102, 109, 133 408 Index
UTMB (University of Texas Medical Branch) 12, 47, Vesiculation 137, 178 348 Vesiculovirus 24, 201 UV (Ultraviolet) 12, 203, 298, 299, 332 Vesiculovirus(es) 23, 51, 302, 326, 328, 329 Uveitis 108, 109 Vesper mouse 172, 226 UVRI (Uganda Virus Research Institute) 12, 75 Veterinarian(s) 66, 67, 95, 281 VH 2 (Viper) cell 172 Vh 172, 341 V VHF (Viral hemorrhagic fever) 12, 19, 22, 43, 49, 57, 70– ‘‘Vaccinating’’ 292 73, 75, 78, 83, 85, 86, 88, 96, 148, 153, 252, 265, 268, Vaccinated=Vaccination 292, 303–305, 307, 312, 313, 281, 296 317–319, 324, 325, 328, 333, 334, 340 Vi 341 Vaccine candidate 304, 305, 318, 319 Vibrio cholerae 53, 54 Vaccine(s) throughout the text Vibrio 52 Vaccinia virus 209, 303, 325, 328 Vickers Aircraft Transport Isolator 296 Vakaga 145 Vickers Hospital-Patient Isolator 296 Vanga Hospital (L’Hoopital^ de Vanga) 81, 286 Victoria Falls 68 Variant U (MARV-‘‘U’’) 61, 71 Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) Variola virus (VARV) 12, 19, 43, 51–54, 281, 328 12, 44 Variola virus 43 VIDRL (Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory) VARV (Variola virus) 12, 43 12, 44 Vascular growth factor 252 Villous columnar cell 139 Vasculitis 133 Viper 172 Vasotropism 19 Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) 12, 17, 19, 20 VA SP =ENA knockout cell 248 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia 169 VCAM-1 208, 259 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia rhabdovirus 169 VE-cadherin 259 Viral Immunology Center 47 VEEV (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) 12, 227, Viral lymphocytic encephalitis 53 310–312, 317, 319–325, 333 Viral protein (VP) 12, 50, 180, 191, 192, 218, 236, 247, Vegetable 158 254, 260, 267, 344 Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) 12, 19, 51, Viral protein gene (VP) 12, 180, 192 52, 54, 56, 169, 312, 319, 323 Viremic=viremia 100, 101, 104, 105, 110–112, 114, 117, ‘‘Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever’’ 20, 41 119, 304, 319, 329, 336, 339, 340, 343, 345 Venomous 338 Virginia 47, 91, 154, 349 Verbal autopsy instrument 291 Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, Division of v-ErbB 236 Consolidated Laboratory Services (DCLS) 47 Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell throughout the Virion 23, 87, 114, 122, 126–128, 131, 132, 139, text 172, 196, 199, 204, 210, 211, 218, 220, 221, 223, Vero 76 (African green monkey kidney) cell 226, 247, 251, 228, 242, 245, 248, 254, 255, 277, 297, 298, 313, 343 332, 340 Vero 98 (African green monkey kidney) cell 172, 226 Virological Center of the Scientific-Research Institute Vero E6 (African green monkey kidney) cell throughout of Microbiology of the Ministry of Defense of the the text Russian Federation (Scientific-Research Institute of Verotoxin 53, 54 Sanitation of the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Defense) 45, Vertebrates 140, 141, 144, 163, 165, 166, 168–170, 172, 53, 82, 296 175, 221, 222, 226, 251, 252, 268, 271, 276, 338, 341 Virology Laboratory of the Queensland 44 Vertigo 100, 107 Virosome 217 ‘‘Vervet monkey disease’’ see also Marburgvirus disease, Virulence=virulent 15, 40, 51, 81, 105, 106, 113, 114, 116, MVD 68 119, 137, 141, 172, 199, 222, 271, 302, 305, 333 Vervet monkey(s) see also African green monkey, Virus activity 55 Chlorocebus aethiops 64, 124 Virus hunter(s) 14, 38 Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) 12, 201, 202, Virus isolation 64, 73, 79, 93, 95, 96, 152, 166, 167, 267, 211, 327 268, 271, 273, 276, 340 Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus 24 Visceral leishmaniasis 266 Vesicular stomatitis virus see Vesicular stomatitis Indiana Viscumin 54 virus (VSIV) Vision 103, 108 Index 409
Vital force 268, 289 Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat(s) (Epomophorus wahlbergi) Vitamin E 335 159 Vitreous body 103 Wamba 165 Viverra civetta (African civet cat) 68, 162 Wandering epizootic 169 VLP (Virus-like particles) see Filovirus-like particles, fVLP, Wankie (Turnoff) 68, 69 MARV-like particles, mVLP, ZEBOV-like particles, Wanowrie virus 23 zeVLP Wapinda 76 Voege (MARV-Voe) 12, 32, 33, 54, 60 War 13, 16, 66, 73 Volkensin toxin 54 Warfarin intoxication 266 Volunteer 285, 289, 296, 339 Warthogs 144 Vomiting 68, 88, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 118, 335 Wash cloth 294 Voodoo 289 Wasps 68 VP (Viral protein) throughout the text Water spirit 290 VP (Viral protein gene) throughout the text Watsa Zone 73 VP0 see also L, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 185, Watsa 61–63, 73, 74, 97, 99, 150, 287 191 Wattled bats (Chalinolobus)163 VP1 see also Spike protein, GP1,2 184, 191 Wave(s) 79, 81, 82, 95, 154, 291 VP2 see also Nucleoprotein, NP 184, 191 Weaned mice 138 VP24 184, 185, 191, 194, 196, 199, 221–223, 234, 235, Weaponization=weaponized=weapon(s) 15, 16, 18, 47, 50– 245, 246, 250–252, 261, 301, 303, 319, 322–325, 332, 57, 71, 301 333, 341, 343, 345 Weaver bird 70 VP24 25, 28, 29, 31–33, 114, 179–183, 185, 187, 189, 193, Weight loss 100, 104, 106, 108, 110, 114, 116, 117 194, 221–223, 252, 256, 261, 344 ‘‘Wesselsbron disease’’ 22 VP3 see also VP40 184, 191 Wesselsbron virus (WESSV) 12, 22 VP30 24, 184, 185, 191, 194, 197, 199, 219–221, 224, 242, WESSV (Wesselsbron virus) 12, 22 244, 250, 251, 276, 301, 303, 313, 319, 322, 323–325, West Equatoria 75, 86, 88, 90 343, 345 West Mengo 156 VP30 25, 31, 32, 180–183, 185, 187, 189, 193, 194, 219, West Nile virus (WNV) 12, 22, 52 222, 223, 252, 276, 313, 322, 343, 344 West Nile virus fever 266 VP35 33, 50, 160, 184, 185, 191, 194, 197, 199–201, 222– Western blot=western blotting see also Immunoblot 50, 71, 225, 242–244, 247, 250, 251, 259–261, 275, 276, 301, 84, 92, 93, 96, 143, 145, 146, 148, 151, 152, 156, 267, 303, 319, 321–325, 340, 343–345 274, 277 VP35 25, 29–33, 180–186, 188, 193, 200, 201, 222, 223, Western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) 94, 118, 140, 242, 243, 252, 344 154, 158 VP4 see also VP24 185 Western equine encephalitis virus 52, 54 VP40 33, 50, 184, 185, 191, 195, 199–205, 208, 218, 221, Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 79, 85, 223, 225, 234, 238, 245–252, 256, 273, 274, 276, 301, 155, 158, 161 303, 305, 307, 312, 313, 319, 322, 323, 325, 331–333, Western Province (Kenya) 70 340, 341, 345 Western red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus badius)158, VP40 25, 28, 29, 31–33, 180–186, 188, 190, 193, 195, 201, 167 223, 241, 252, 256, 269, 270 Western sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei gratus)162 Vps4 250, 251 Western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis)163 VSIV (Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus) 12, 226, 228, Westerner 55, 282 232–234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 248, 249, 261, 302, 304, White flies 168 326–329, 339, 341–343 White mice 105 VSV see Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) White pox agent 54 VSW (Viper spleen) cell 172 White-bellied free-tailed bat (Mops niveiventer)165 vTF7-3 325 White-cheeked Mangabey (Lophocebus albigena)157 Vulva 121 White-crested hornbill (Tropicranus albocristatus)163 Whitewater Arroyo virus 22, 43 White-winged serotine (Eptesicus tenuipinnis)165 WHO (World Health Organization) 12, 40, 50, 64, 70, 75, W 77, 85, 90, 92, 283, 285, 287, 288, 290, 291, 294 Wuuh aan Institute of Virology 49 WHO commission 283 W7 245 WHO intervention 283 410 Index
WHO Risk Group 4 pathogen 40 Yellow fever virus (YFV) 12, 19, 22, 52–54, 59, 66, 79, Wild cat 82 146, 265, 281 Wildebeest 162 Yellow-backed duiker 162 Wildlife Conservation Society 155 Yembelengoye (ZEBOV-Yembelengoye) 29 Wiltshire 46, 47, 88 Yembelengoye 29, 63, 85 Wind 288, 289 Yersinia enterocolitica 52 Wingless flies 161 Yersinia pestis see also Black Death, Plague 51–54, 59, 96 ‘‘Witchdoctors’’ see also Ajwaka, Healer(s) 89, 288 Yevstigneyev, Valentin Ivanovich 82 WNV (West Nile virus) 12, 22 YFV (Yellow fever virus) 12, 22 Wobble 216 Yield 25, 56, 159, 162, 172, 205, 207, 209, 225, 243, 244, Woermann’s bat (Megaloglossus woermanni)165 343 Woleu-Ntem (Province) 79 Yugoslavia 1, 13, 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 97, 99, 154, 156, Women 68,76,106,108,292,349 158, 281, 293, 294 Wood mice (Hylomyscus)162 YXXL 184, 204–206, 245, 250 World Health Organization (WHO) 12, 64 World Trade Center 15 Worldwide Primates of Miami 280 Z Wroughbarh Clan 148 Zagorsk see also Sergiyev Posad-6 54 WW domain 248, 249 ZAI-NP1 269 WXXW 206 ZAI-NP2 269 ‘Zair’ see also Mayinga, ZEBOV-May 55 Zaire see also Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC X throughout the text Xanthomonas oryzae 51 Zaire (Province in Angola) 75 Xenotransplantation 157 Zaire (ZEBOV-Zai) 12, 29, 60 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein 258 ‘Zaire Ebola virus’ see also Zaire ebolavirus 34 X-ray crystallography 240 Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) see also ‘Ebola virus’ ‘EBOV- Xylella fastidiosa 51 Z’ 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 25, 27, 34–36, 39, 42, 48, 56, 59, 60–65, 76, 77, 80, 84, 107, 129, 179, 180, 183, 184, 195, 200, 204, 208, 210, 217, 220, 224 Zaire ebolavirus 21, 24, 33, 35, 39, 42 Y Zaire ebolavirus disease (ZEVD) see also Ebolavirus disease Yahombo 162 12, 25, 59, 65, 76–78, 80, 84, 107, 128, 129 Yakoma 76, 145 Zaire River (Congo River) 23 Yalikenga 162 Zaire76 29, 60 Yalikonde 162 Zairian Air Force 284 Yalosemba 162 Zairian Red Cross Society 285 Yambio 64, 75, 86, 88, 90, 154, 290 Zambia 153 Yambio Civil Hospital 90, 290 Zande 290 Yambio County Commissioner 290 ZAP (Zinc finger antiviral protein) 12, 225 Yambio District 86 ZEBOV (Zaire ebolavirus) throughout the text Yambuku 13,27,59,60,75–78,150,154,162,283,284 ZEBOV-Bou eee-96 (Gabon96 Oct) 28, 62, 82, 210, 213, Yambuku Catholic Mission Hospital 75, 76, 283, 284 214, 215 Yamikeli 162 ZEBOV-E718 28, 60, 77, 304, 335 Yamolembia 162 ZEBOV-Ecran (Eck, Eckron, Eckron-76, 057878) 28, 60, Yamunzwa 162 77,206,210,213–215,231 Yandongi 162 ZEBOV-Ekata-Nov 28 Yandongi County 75 ZEBOV-Ekata-Dec 28 Yaound ee144 ZEBOV-Entsiami 28, 63, 231 Yasa Bonga Hospital (L’Hoopital^ de Yasa-Bonga) 81 ZEBOV-Etakangaye 28, 63, 231 Yat 288 ZEBOV-Gab275 28, 62, 82 Yekepa 148 ZEBOV-Gab276 29, 62, 82 Yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus)156 ZEBOV-Gab277 29, 62, 82 Yellow bats (Scotophilus)163 ZEBOV-Gab278 29, 62 Yellow fever 12, 19, 22, 52–54, 59, 66, 79, 146, 265, 281 ZEBOV-Gab279 29, 62, 83 Index 411
ZEBOV-Gab281 29, 62 ZEBOV-Mendemba-B 29, 63 ZEBOV-Gab282 29, 62, 82 ZEBOV-Mvoula A 29 ZEBOV-Gab293 29, 82 ZEBOV-Olloba 29, 63, 231 ZEBOV-Gab (Gabon-94, Gab-280) 29, 32, 62, 79, 147, ZEBOV-SA253 29, 62 158, 166, 167, 210, 213–215, 275, 276 ZEBOV-Tan (BND, Bonduni, 088296) 29, 61, 78 ZEBOV-Kik (Zaire 1995, 9510621) throughout the text ZEBOV-Yembelengoye 29, 63, 85 ZEBOV-like particles (zeVLP) 12, 245 ZEBOV-Zai (Zaire76, 186538) 29, 60, 77 ZEBOV-Makokou 29, 63, 231 Zebra(s) 68, 144, 162 ZEBOV-May (ME, 057935) throughout the text ZEVD (Zaire ebolavirus disease) throughout the text ZEBOV-Mayibout1996 29 zeVLP (ZEBOV-like particles) 12, 245, 251, 253, 249, ZEBOV-Mayinga-8mc 27, 29, 32, 86, 110, 113, 119, 179, 305, 307–309, 312, 313 186–189, 205, 210, 213–215, 222, 231, 259, 296, 339 Zimbabwe see also Rhodesia 61, 64, 65, 68–70, 149, 153, ZEBOV-Mayinga-8mc-N1-N5 27, 32, 322 159 ZEBOV-Mayinga-Ch-15 29, 113 Zinc 220, 221, 242 ZEBOV-Mayinga-D-5 29, 113 Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) 12, 225 ZEBOV-Mayinga-K-5 29, 113, 222 ZO-1 259 ZEBOV-Mekambo-01 29, 63 Zona(e) fasciculata(e) 132, 137, 138 ZEBOV-Mendemba-A 29, 63, 231 Zoo 67, 156 22 Notes about CD-ROM use
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