La Verdadera Equidad Entre Mujeres Y Hombres Significa Alcanzar La Igualdad Con El Reconocimiento De La Diferencia

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La Verdadera Equidad Entre Mujeres Y Hombres Significa Alcanzar La Igualdad Con El Reconocimiento De La Diferencia La verdadera equidad entre mujeres y hombres significa alcanzar la igualdad con el reconocimiento de la diferencia. (CONMUJER, 1999) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS COLEGIO DE BIBLIOTECOLOGÍA LA PRESENCIA DE LAS MUJERES EN LA INTERNET TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADA EN BIBLIOTECOLOGÍA P R E S E N T A FLOR ELISA TRILLO TINOCO ASESORA: DRA. JUDITH LICEA DE ARENAS MÉXICO D.F. FEBRERO DE 2004 “La presencia de las mujeres en la Internet” CONTENIDO Págs. Índice de cuadros Prefacio I-III CAPÍTULO 1 Las mujeres y el desarrollo 1 1.1 Breve historia de las mujeres en el mundo 3 1.1.1 Situación actual de las mujeres en el mundo 7 1.1.1.1 Educación 8 1.1.1.2 Trabajo 9 1.1.1.3 Participación política 10 1.1.1.4 Violencia contra la mujer 11 1.1.1.5 Penalización del aborto en el mundo 12 1.1.1.6 El VIH/SIDA 14 1.2 Breve historia de las mujeres en México 15 1.2.1 Situación actual de las mujeres en México 31 1.2.1.1 La población de mujeres en México 31 1.2.1.2 Vida familiar 32 1.2.1.2.1 Estado conyugal de las mujeres 32 1.2.1.2.2 Divorcios judiciales por causa principal 33 1.2.1.2.3 Tasas de jefatura por estado civil 34 1.2.1.2.4 Uso del tiempo 34 1.2.1.3 Educación 35 1.2.1.3.1 Población sin instrucción 36 1.2.1.3.2 Investigadoras por área del conocimiento 37 1.2.1.4 Trabajo 37 1.2.1.4.1 Participación económica 38 1.2.1.4.2 Ocupaciones más feminizadas 39 1.2.1.4.3 Ingreso de hombres y mujeres 40 1.2.1.5 Participación política 41 1.2.1.5.1 Actual ciudadanía constitucional 41 1.2.1.5.2 Representación de la mujer en el padrón electoral 43 1.2.1.6 Salud 44 1.2.1.6.1 Intentos de suicidio y suicidios 45 1.2.1.6.2 Mortalidad materna 46 1.2.1.6.3 Métodos anticonceptivos 47 1.2.1.6.3.1 Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual 48 1.2.1.6.3.2 Penalización del aborto en México 48 1.2.1.6.4 Adicciones 52 1.2.1.6.4.1 Alcoholismo 53 1.2.1.6.4.2 Tabaquismo 54 1.2.1.7 Violencia contra la mujer 54 1.2.1.7.1 Las muertas de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 55 1.2.1.8 Delincuencia 56 1.2.1.9 Seguridad social 57 1.2.1.9.1 Derechohabientes por institución 57 1.2.1.9.2 Población pensionada 57 “La presencia de las mujeres en la Internet” 1.2.1.10 Instituciones académicas de estudios sobre la mujer y 58 el género en México 1.2.1.10.1 Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios de la Mujer, PIEM- 59 COLMEX 1.2.1.10.2 Programa Universitario de Estudios de Género, PUEG- 59 UNAM 1.2.1.10.3 Programa Intedisciplinario de Estudios sobre la Mujer, 59 UAM-Xochimilco 1.2.1.11 La participación de las mujeres en la Sociedad Civil 60 CAPÍTULO 2 Instrumentos Internacionales de las Mujeres 61 2.1 Año Internacional de la Mujer 61 2.1.1 Conferencias Mundiales 62 2.1.1.1 Conferencia Mundial del Año Internacional de la Mujer - México 1975 62 2.1.1.2 II Conferencia Mundial sobre la Condición Jurídica y 63 Social de la Mujer-Copenhague 1980 2.1.1.3 III Conferencia Internacional sobre la Condición Jurídica y Social de la Mujer – Nairobi 1985 63 2.1.1.4 IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer – Beijing 1995 64 2.1.1.5 Beijing + 5 “La Mujer en el año 2000: igualdad entre los 65 géneros, desarrollo y paz en el siglo XXI” – Nueva York 2.2 Convenciones y Declaraciones Internacionales sobre los 65 Derechos de las Mujeres 2.3 Derechos Internacionales de las Mujeres 66 CAPÍTULO 3 Método 70 3.1 Metodología para la obtención de la información 70 3.1.1 Sobre Google 71 3.1.2 Las ventajas y desventajas de los buscadores que ofrece el 73 Internet 3.2 Diseño de la base de datos 75 3.3 Búsquedas en Internet 76 3.4 Los criterios de selección 76 CAPITULO 4 Resultados 77 4.1 Resultados obtenidos por países representados 78 4.2 Resultados obtenidos por tipo de organismo 79 4.3 Resultados obtenidos por temas 79 Referencias y Notas 82 Palabras finales 90 Directorio de organismos 91 Índice 291 ANEXO Glosario 304 “La presencia de las mujeres en la Internet” Índice de Cuadros Cuadros Págs. Cuadro 1. “Mujeres en el desarrollo” y “Género en desarrollo” 2 Cuadro 2. Empadronamiento en el Nivel Secundaria de Mujeres, 1999-2000 9 Cuadro 3. Indicadores del Trabajo informal en áreas de no agrícolas, 9 desagregadas por sexo Cuadro 4. Participación política de las mujeres en el parlamento en noviembre 10 de 2002 Cuadro 5. Prevalencia de la Violencia contra la Mujer por Intimidación de su 11 pareja Cuadro 6. Situación Legal del Aborto en el Mundo, 1998 12-13 Cuadro 7. Prevalencia de VIH/Sida en mujeres, a finales de 1997 14 Cuadro 8. Población general a nivel nacional en México 31 Cuadro 9. Distribución de la población por sexos en el Distrito Federal 31 Cuadro 10. Distribución de la población del Distrito Federal 31 de acuerdo a edades desagregada por sexos Cuadro 11. Distribución de la población de mujeres desagregada por edades a 32 nivel nacional en México Cuadro 12. Distribución porcentual de las mujeres de 12 años y más por 32 estado conyugal Cuadro 13. Distribución porcentual de divorcios judiciales por principal causa 33 de divorcio según persona que lo solicita y a favor de quien se resuelve, 1999 Cuadro 14. Tasa de jefatura de mujeres en hogares familiares y estado civil, 34 2000 Cuadro 15. Porcentaje de población de 20 años y más por actividades 34 cotidianas que realiza y sexo, 1996 Cuadro 16. Porcentaje de población de 20 años y más que realiza actividades 35 domésticas por sexo, 1996 Cuadro 17. La situación de la educación en las mujeres en los censos 1970, 35 1990 y 2000 Cuadro 18. Matrícula femenina en educación básica entre 1990 y 1999 35 Cuadro 19. Matrícula femenina en educación media entre 1990 y 1999 36 Cuadro 20. Mujeres que carecen de una instrucción formal 36 Cuadro 21. Investigadoras por área del conocimiento, 1999 37 Cuadro 22. Distribución porcentual de las mujeres de 12 años y más según 38 tipo de actividades que realizan, 2000 Cuadro 23. Tasas de participación económica femenina por estado civil, 2000 39 Cuadro 24. Porcentaje de población ocupada por grupos de ocupación 40 principal según sexo, 2000 Cuadro 25. Distribución porcentual de población ocupada por sexo según nivel 40 de ingreso, 2000 Cuadro 26. Intentos de suicidio en mujeres desagregado por edades, 2000. 45 Cuadro 27. Porcentaje de intentos de suicidio por mujeres según casos, 2000 45 Cuadro 28. Suicidios en mujeres por edades, 2000 46 Cuadro 29. Porcentaje suicidio por causa según mujeres, 2000 46 Cuadro 30. Población femenina en edad fértil (15 a 49 años) 47 Cuadro 31. Distribución porcentual de las usuarias de métodos 48 anticonceptivos por tipo de método según grupos de edad, 1997. “La presencia de las mujeres en la Internet” Cuadro 32. Incidencia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, 2000 48 Cuadro 33. Causas por las que el aborto no se castiga en los códigos penales 49 Cuadro 34. La situación de los abortos en México 50 Cuadro 35. Cronología de la lucha por la despenalización del Aborto en 51-52 México, 1936-1999 Cuadro 36. Rangos de edad de las víctimas por año 53 (1993-15 de septiembre 2002) Cuadro 37. Porcentaje de consumidoras de drogas ilegales por experiencia de 53 consumo y sexo según tipo de droga ilegal, 1998 Cuadro 38. Prevalencia de consumidoras de alcohol por experiencia de 53 consumo según sexo. Experiencias de consumo, 1998 Cuadro 39. Consumidoras de alcohol por frecuencia de consumo, 1998 54 Cuadro 40. Prevalencia de consumidoras de tabaco por patrón de consumo, 55 1998 Cuadro 41. Distribución porcentual de menores infractoras por grupos de 56 edad, 2000-2001 Cuadro 42. Delincuentes sentenciadas y presuntas delincuentes por grupos de 57 edad, 2000 Cuadro 43. Porcentaje de población derechohabiente por institución y sexo, 57 2000 Cuadro 44. Distribución de la población pensionada, 1999 58 Cuadro 45. Resultados por países 78 Cuadro 46. Resultados por tipo de organismo 79 Cuadro 47. Resultados por temas 79 Prefacio Es una realidad que “ningún país trata a sus mujeres tan bien como a sus hombres”. (PNUD, 1995) Por lo tanto, hay que reconocer que existen dificultades diarias para que las mujeres puedan hacer valer sus derechos en lo profesional, social, econó mico, político y familiar. Es por eso, que la investigación que a continuación se presenta esta dirigida a todos aquellos centros, instituciones, academias, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y al público interesados en el tema y que, de alguna manera, contribuyen para hacer posibles los derechos de las mujeres en todo el mundo. Este ejercicio, con perspectiva bibliotecológica busca reflejar el movimiento de mujeres a nivel mundial que luchan por erradicar la discriminación y la eliminación de la violencia desde la premisa del ciclo de vida de las mujeres. Dicha información tiene como objetivo fundamental proporcionar y dar a conocer de manera directa, clara y confiable, la existencia de organismos que trabajan y se especializan en diversas áreas relacionadas con la vida de las mujeres partiendo desde las características biológicas hasta la situación de desigualdad en su entorno social, ubicados en la red de redes la Internet.
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