Computer Hardware Basics Clyde Cox College of Dupage, [email protected]
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Ling Chia Wang (Student) and Masato R. Nakamura (Advisor) Background Objectives Comparison of PC Cooling Systems Summary Summer
Heat Transfer Analysis of Computer Components for Electronic Waste (e-waste) Reduction: Cardboard PC Case Design Project Ling Chia Wang (student) and Masato R. Nakamura (advisor) Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design Technology New York City College of Technology (City Tech), City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY 11201 Background Comparison of PC Cooling Systems Cardboard PC Case Design Fans Low-noise CPU cooler GPU HDD and Reducing electric wastes (e-wastes) has been one of the main concerns DVD/Blu-ray Drive • A low-noise CPU cooler was proposed in 2012 that provides a more efficient heat in sustainable solid waste management since the development of dissipation capacity from the CPU to a finned heatsink without adding more heat pipes at Information Technology (IT) was started to accelerate. a lownoise level of a small fan under the confined space constraints of a computer chassis. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to search for a • A short life cycle of computers demands an efficient recycling process, as 2 proper cooling design . Motherboard well as re-design of computer components. • E-waste of desktop PC in China and South Africa will rise by 500% in 2020 compared to their 2007 levels. Summary • One of the major components of desktop computers is a PC case: 49.8% by weight of wasted desktop computers. • During the e-waste recycling process, dismantling obsolete computers 2 Figure 5: Tentative design of cardboard PC (mainly liberating components from computer cases) takes a lot of Figure 2: schematic diagram of cooler (left), calculated temperature distribution (center), calculated velocity distribution (right) workload of skilled workers. -
In This Video We Are Going to See How a Personal Computer Hardware Is Organised the PC Was Designed with an Open Architecture
In this video we are going to see how a personal computer hardware is organised The PC was designed with an open architecture. This means that it uses standard modular components. We can add, replace, update or swap them easily and the computer will identify and handle the new devices automatically. The main component of a computer system is the motherboard or main board. It is a printed circuit board (PCB) that holds the main components of the computer and the electronics needed to communicate between them and to expand the system. We could say that it is the central nervous system of the computer. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. Unlike a backplane, it also contains the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices The form factor is the specification of a motherboard – the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc. In the IBM PC compatible industry, standard form factors ensure that parts are interchangeable across competing vendors and generations of technology, while in enterprise computing, form factors ensure that server modules fit into existing rack mount systems. Traditionally, the most significant specification is for that of the motherboard, which generally dictates the overall size of the case. The most used form factor for IBM PC compatible motherboards is ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) and its derivatives. For small form factor mainboards mini ITX is the de facto standard. A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low- voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. -
Antec NSK 4482B-GB Owner's Manual
Antec NSK-4482B Computer Cases owner's manual Free Online Library This website has one of the largest libraries with thousands different manuals and ebooks that will help you to understand absolutely any device and how to use it. Many people are searching for Antec NSK-4482B owner's manual, so you should take a closer look into our library, because we have couple of them right here. Every day we are uploading more informative books and documents about different appliances, devices and software. You can even print these PDF files and have all the necessary papers with you, no matter where you are. Antec NSK-4482B owner's manual Click here to read (36 pages) Browse this massive electronic library for more information about all de This is the list with most popular files that will tell you more about Antec (NSK 4482B-GB) device: Antec Piano Black Quiet Super Mini Tower. EC version setup guide Status: Available Download link: manualstorrent.com/share/12828/setup_guide/Piano-Black-Quiet-Super-Mini-Tower.-EC-version.pdf Antec Piano Black Quiet Super Mini Tower. EC version user guide Status: Available Download link: manualstorrent.com/share/12828/user_guide/Piano-Black-Quiet-Super-Mini-Tower.-EC-version.pdf Antec Piano Black Quiet Super Mini Tower. EC version operating instruction Status: Available Download link: manualstorrent.com/share/12828/operating_instruction/Piano-Black-Quiet-Super-Mini-Tower.-EC- version.pdf Antec 3U20ATX300EC Rack 300W 4x3.5"2x5.25" ATX operating instruction Status: Available Download link: manualstorrent.com/share/12830/operating_instruction/3U20ATX300EC-Rack-300W-4x3.5% -
Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153
Appendix 1 Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153 Introduction The Elliott 152 computer was part of the Admiralty’s MRS5 (medium range system 5) naval gunnery project, described in Chap. 2. The Elliott 153 computer, also known as the D/F (direction-finding) computer, was built for GCHQ and the Admiralty as described in Chap. 3. The information in this appendix is intended to supplement the overall descriptions of the machines as given in Chaps. 2 and 3. A1.1 The Elliott 152 Work on the MRS5 contract at Borehamwood began in October 1946 and was essen- tially finished in 1950. Novel target-tracking radar was at the heart of the project, the radar being synchronized to the computer’s clock. In his enthusiasm for perfecting the radar technology, John Coales seems to have spent little time on what we would now call an overall systems design. When Harry Carpenter joined the staff of the Computing Division at Borehamwood on 1 January 1949, he recalls that nobody had yet defined the way in which the control program, running on the 152 computer, would interface with guns and radar. Furthermore, nobody yet appeared to be working on the computational algorithms necessary for three-dimensional trajectory predic- tion. As for the guns that the MRS5 system was intended to control, not even the basic ballistics parameters seemed to be known with any accuracy at Borehamwood [1, 2]. A1.1.1 Communication and Data-Rate The physical separation, between radar in the Borehamwood car park and digital computer in the laboratory, necessitated an interconnecting cable of about 150 m in length. -
Quick Start Thank You for Purchasing the MSI® MEG Z390 GODLIKE Motherboard
Quick Start Thank you for purchasing the MSI® MEG Z390 GODLIKE motherboard. This Quick Start section provides demonstration diagrams about how to install your computer. Some of the installations also provide video demonstrations. Please link to the URL to watch it with the web browser on your phone or tablet. You may have even link to the URL by scanning the QR code. Preparing Tools and Components Intel® LGA 1151 CPU CPU Fan Chassis DDR4 Memory Power Supply Unit Graphics Card Thermal Paste SATA Hard Disk Drive SATA DVD Drive Phillips Screwdriver A Package of Screws Quick Start 1 Safety Information y The components included in this package are prone to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please adhere to the following instructions to ensure successful computer assembly. y Ensure that all components are securely connected. Loose connections may cause the computer to not recognize a component or fail to start. y Hold the motherboard by the edges to avoid touching sensitive components. y It is recommended to wear an electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap when handling the motherboard to prevent electrostatic damage. If an ESD wrist strap is not available, discharge yourself of static electricity by touching another metal object before handling the motherboard. y Store the motherboard in an electrostatic shielding container or on an anti-static pad whenever the motherboard is not installed. y Before turning on the computer, ensure that there are no loose screws or metal components on the motherboard or anywhere within the computer case. y Do not boot the computer before installation is completed. -
Supercomputing in Plain English: Overview
Supercomputing in Plain English An Introduction to High Performance Computing Part I: Overview: What the Heck is Supercomputing? Henry Neeman, Director OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research Goals of These Workshops To introduce undergrads, grads, staff and faculty to supercomputing issues To provide a common language for discussing supercomputing issues when we meet to work on your research NOT: to teach everything you need to know about supercomputing – that can’t be done in a handful of hourlong workshops! OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 2 What is Supercomputing? Supercomputing is the biggest, fastest computing right this minute. Likewise, a supercomputer is the biggest, fastest computer right this minute. So, the definition of supercomputing is constantly changing. Rule of Thumb: a supercomputer is 100 to 10,000 times as powerful as a PC. Jargon: supercomputing is also called High Performance Computing (HPC). OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 3 What is Supercomputing About? Size Speed OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 4 What is Supercomputing About? Size: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers can’t fit on a PC – usually because they need more than 2 GB of RAM, or more than 60 GB of hard disk. Speed: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers would take a very very long time to run on a PC: months or even years. But a problem that would take a month on a PC might take only a few hours on a supercomputer. OU Supercomputing -
Fractal Design Define R4 Offers Minimalistic and Stunning Scandina- Vian Design Fused with Maximum Sound Reduction, Configurability and Functionality
Product Sheet Define R4 As part of the Define series of computer cases, the Fractal Design Define R4 offers minimalistic and stunning Scandina- vian design fused with maximum sound reduction, configurability and functionality. The Define R4 side and front door panels are fitted with dense, sound-absorbing material making it a benchmark for noise reduction. Moreover, the Define R4 accommodates up to 8 HDDs, all modern graphics card sizes, and multiple ventilation options - including two standard Silent Series R2 hydraulic bearing fans - to keep internal components at optimal temperatures. For ultimate functionality, the Define R4 features a front interface with USB 3.0 and an integrated three-speed fan controller behind the front panel door. Key features • High density noise-reducing material for an optimal silent case **To achieve a high level of noise reduction, material with mass should be incorporated which is what we strive to achieve with the dense bitumen used on the side panels • Patent pending ModuVent™ design allowing the user to choose between optimal silence or maximum airflow • Top HDD cage (5 trays total) can be rotated 90 degrees or removed for additional airflow or to accommodate long graphic cards up to 430mm in length • Three-speed fan controller is strategically integrated in the front panel and supports up to 3 fans • Two Silent Series R2 fans included, featuring hydraulic bearings contributing to a longer life expectancy – Silent Series R2 retail fans will now come standard in all cases • Wider case body that allows -
Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4
Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4 Manfred Liebmann Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen Chair of Optimal Control Center for Mathematical Sciences, M17 [email protected] November 10, 2015 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Reading List • Pacheco - An Introduction to Parallel Programming (Chapter 1 - 2) { Introduction to computer hardware architecture from the parallel programming angle • Hennessy-Patterson - Computer Architecture - A Quantitative Approach { Reference book for computer hardware architecture All books are available on the Moodle platform! Computer Hardware Architecture 1 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 UMA Architecture Figure 1: A uniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory is the same for all cores in the system! Computer Hardware Architecture 2 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 NUMA Architecture Figure 2: A nonuniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory differs form core to core depending on the proximity of the main memory. This architecture is often used in dual and quad socket servers, due to improved memory bandwidth. Computer Hardware Architecture 3 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Cache Coherence Figure 3: A shared memory system with two cores and two caches What happens if the same data element z1 is manipulated in two different caches? The hardware enforces cache coherence, i.e. consistency between the caches. Expensive! Computer Hardware Architecture 4 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 False Sharing The cache coherence protocol works on the granularity of a cache line. If two threads manipulate different element within a single cache line, the cache coherency protocol is activated to ensure consistency, even if every thread is only manipulating its own data. -
Chapter 1 Computer Basics
Chapter 1 Computer Basics 1.1 History of the Computer A computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention. abacus Ⅰ. Prehistory /ˈæbəkəs/ n. 算盘 The abacus, which is a simple counting aid, might have been invented in Babylonia(now Iraq) in the fourth century BC. It should be the ancestor of the modern digital calculator. Figure 1.1 Abacus Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator in 1623. It can loom work with six digits and carry digits across columns. It works, but never /lu:m/ makes it beyond the prototype stage. n. 织布机 Blaise Pascal built a mechanical calculator, with the capacity for eight digits. However, it had trouble carrying and its gears tend to jam. punch cards Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automatic loom controlled by punch 穿孔卡片 cards. Difference Engine Charles Babbage conceived of a Difference Engine in 1820. It was a 差分机 massive steam-powered mechanical calculator designed to print astronomical tables. He attempted to build it over the course of the next 20 years, only to have the project cancelled by the British government in 1842. 1 新编计算机专业英语 Analytical Engine Babbage’s next idea was the Analytical Engine-a mechanical computer which 解析机(早期的机 could solve any mathematical problem. It used punch-cards similar to those used 械通用计算机) by the Jacquard loom and could perform simple conditional operations. countess Augusta Ada Byron, the countess of Lovelace, met Babbage in 1833. She /ˈkaʊntɪs/ described the Analytical Engine as weaving “algebraic patterns just as the n. -
TX-0 Computer After 10,000 Hours of Operation", L
tX If ,@8s~~~I 17A .:~- I-:· aTg Dc''n'_ !-41 2 . LK - ! v M IT6u i ~~6:illn -jW-~ 4 1 2 The RESEARCH LABORATORY of ELECTRONICS at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139 TX-O Computer History John A. McKenzie RLE Technical Report No. 627 June 1999 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORY OF ELECTRONICS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139 TX-O COMPUTER HISTORY John A. McKenzie October 1, 1974 TX-O COMPUTER HISTORY OUTLINE ABSTRA CT PART I (at LINCOLN ABORATORY) INTRODUCTION 1 DESCRIPTION 2 LOGIC 4 CIRCUITRY 5 MARGINAL CHECKING 6 TRANSISTORS MEMORY (S Memory) SOFTWARE (Initial) 9 TX-2 10 TRANSISTORIZED MEMORY (T Memory) 11 POWER CONTROL 12 IN-OUT RACK 13 CONSOLE 13 PART II (at CAMBRIDGE) INTRODUCTION 14 MOVE to CAMBRIDGE 15 EXTENDED INPUT/OUTPUT FACILITY, Addition of 16 FIRST YEAR at CAMBRIDGE 18 MODE of OPERATION 19 MACHINE EXPANSION PHASE 20 T-MEMORY EXPANSION 21 ORDER CODE ENLARGEMENT 22 DIGITAL MAGNETIC TAPE SYSTEM 24 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 25 APPLICATIONS 29 TIMESHARING (PDP-1) 34 CONCLUSION 34 A CKNOWLEDGEMENT 35 BIBLIOGRAPHY TX-O COMPUTER HISTORY A BSTRA CT The TX-O Computer (meaning the Zeroth Transistorized Computer) was designed and constructed, in 1956, by the Lincoln Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, with two purposes in mind. One objective was to test and evaluate the use of transistors as the logical elements of a high-speed, 5 MHz, general-purpose, stored-program, parallel, digital computer. The second purpose was to provide means for testing a large capacity (65,536 word) magnetic-core memory. -
Symmetrical Transistor Logic A
switching circuits by a substantially- age requirements. The total cost using 2. HIGH SPEED TRANSISTOR COMPUTER CIR CUITS, S. Y. Wong;, A. K. Rapp. IRE-AIEE smaller number of components and con DCTL is comparable with other tech Transistor Circuits Conference, Phila., Pa., Feb. nections, and by extremely-low power niques, because the tightly specified 1956. (Not published.) consumption. Circuit simplicity and low 3. HIGH-TEMPERATURE SILICON-TRANSISTOR COM transistor eliminates considerable com PUTER CIRCUITS, James B. Angell. Proceed dissipation are obtained at the price of plexity in system design and manufac ings of the Eastern • Joint Computer Conference, AIEE Special Publication T-92, Dec. 10-12, 1956, limited gain, small voltage swings, and a ture. pp. 54-57. comparatively low upper limit on in 4. LARGE-SIGNAL BEHAVIOR OP JUNCTION TRAN ternal temperature. Rather severe re SISTORS, J. J. Ebeijs, J. L. Moll. Proceedings, References Institute of Radio Engineers, New York, N. Y., quirements on transistor parameters, vol. 42, Dec. 1954, ij>p. 1761-72. 1. SURFACE-BARRIER TRANSISTOR SWITCHING CIR particularly input impedance and satura CUITS, R. H. Beter, W. E. Bradley, R. B. Brown, 5. TWO-COLLECTOR TRANSISTOR FOR BINARY tion voltage, are compensated by almost M. Rubinoff. Convention Record, Institute of FULL ADDER, R. F. Rtitz. IBM Journal of Research Radio Engineers, New York, N. Y., pt. IV, 1955, and Development, N^w York, N. Y., vol. 1, July negligible dissipation and maximum volt p. 139. 1957, pp. 212-22. I. Basic System Requirements Symmetrical Transistor Logic A. INITIAL The initial specific system for which the R. -
Embedded System Introduction.Pdf
EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem IntroductionIntroduction ANDES Confidential WWW.ANDESTECH.COM Embedded System vs Desktop Page 2 相同點 CPU Storage I/O 相異點 Desktop ‧可執行多種功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為複雜 Embedded System ‧執行特定功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為簡單 Page 3 SystemSystem LayerLayer Application Application Operating System Operating System Firmware Firmware Firmware Hardware Hardware Hardware Desktop computer Complex embedded Simple embedded computer computer Page 4 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture DesktopDesktop ComputerComputer SystemSystem HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture CPU AGP Slot North Bridge Memory PCI Interface USB Interface South Bridge IDE Interface System BIOS ISA Interface Super IO Port Page 5 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ComputerComputer HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture ADC CPU SPI Digital I/O ROM IIC Host RAM Timers Computer UART Bus Interface Memory Network Interface I/O Page 6 What is the Embedded System? Page 7 IntroductionIntroduction Challenges in embedded system design. Design methodologies. Page 8 EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ?? •An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions •with real-time computing constraints • include hardware, software and mechanical parts Page 9 EmbeddingEmbedding aa computercomputer Page 10 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded systemsystem Characteristics Low power Closed operating environment Cost sensitive Page 11 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded